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STI Overview and Treatment Guide

This document summarizes several common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including their categories, causes, symptoms, treatments, and potential effects on pregnancy. The most commonly discussed STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and scabies/pubic lice. Many STIs can cause complications during pregnancy like preterm birth, low birthweight, eye infections, and in severe cases fetal or infant death. Proper STI screening and treatment is important for both maternal and fetal health outcomes.

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brittney brady
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2K views4 pages

STI Overview and Treatment Guide

This document summarizes several common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including their categories, causes, symptoms, treatments, and potential effects on pregnancy. The most commonly discussed STIs are chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and scabies/pubic lice. Many STIs can cause complications during pregnancy like preterm birth, low birthweight, eye infections, and in severe cases fetal or infant death. Proper STI screening and treatment is important for both maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Uploaded by

brittney brady
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Chlamydia: Describes Chlamydia as a bacterial STI, detailing its symptoms, treatment, and effects on pregnancy.
  • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Covers cause, symptoms, and treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, including its effects on pregnancy.
  • Trichomoniasis: Details the symptoms and treatment for Trichomoniasis and its potential impact during childbirth.
  • Bacterial Vaginosis: Explains the signs, symptoms, and treatment options for Bacterial Vaginosis with considerations for pregnancy.
  • Syphilis: Provides a detailed look at Syphilis, including its stages, symptoms, and treatment, as well as its pregnancy risks.
  • Genital Herpes Simplex: Discusses transmission, symptoms, and treatment of Genital Herpes Simplex, highlighting implications for childbirth.
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Addresses the risks and treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease as a complication from STIs.
  • Gonorrhea: Explores the effects, treatment, and symptomatic aspects of Gonorrhea, especially in pregnant women.
  • Hepatitis A & Hepatitis B: Describes the transmission, prevention, and impact of Hepatitis A and B, especially concerning sexual health.
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Details HPV transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options, including its role as the most common viral infection in the US.
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Covers the nature of HIV as an STI, its symptoms, treatment possibilities, and effects on pregnancy.
  • Scabies & Pubic Lice: Explains prevention, symptoms, and treatment for Scabies and Pubic Lice as ectoparasitic infections.

STI

Category

Cause

Symptoms

Vulvovaginal
Candidiasis
-Not considerable an
STI
-Yeast, monilia, fungal
infection

Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)

Cand
ida
Fun
gus

Pruritus, vaginal discharge


(thick, white, curd-like),
vaginal soreness, vulvar
burning, erythema,
dyspareunia, external
dysuria

Trichomoniasis

Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)

Trich
om
ona
s
Prot
ozo
an

Bacterial Vaginosis

Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)

Gardnerella
-Bacterium

Chlamydia
-MOST COMMON
BACTERIAL STI IN U.S.

Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)

Chlamydia
trachomatis
-Intracellular
parasite

Many asymptomatic, vulvar


itching and soreness,
malodorous foamy heavy
green/yellow or gray frothy
or bubbly vaginal
discharge, dyspareunia,
dysuria, vaginal odor
(described as foul), pH >
4.5, petchiae on cervix
Three of the four criteria:
-Thin, white
homogeneous
vaginal
discharge
-Vaginal pH >4.5
-Positive whiff
test, stale
fishy odor
-Presence of clue
cells on
wet-mount
examination
Many asymptomatic,
mucopurulent vaginal
discharge, urethritis,
bartholinitis, endometritis,
salpingitis, dysfunctional
uterine bleeding

Treatment
Miconazole
(Monistat)
Clotrimazole
(Mycelex)
Terconazole
(Terazol)
Fluconazole
(Diflucan)
Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Tinidazole
(Tindamax)

Effect on Baby:
- Can acquire thrush in the
mouth during birthing
process if mother infected

Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Clindamycin
(Cleocin)

Effects on Baby:
-Risk of neonatal sepsis

Antibiotics
-Doxycycline
(Vibromycin)
-Azithromycin
(Zithromax)

-Can be infected during


delivery

Ceftriaxone
(Rocephin)
-Used in conjunction
to treat gonorrhea

Brittney Brady

STI/Maternity

Mother To Baby

Effects on Baby:
-Risk for prematurity

Effects on Baby:
- Eye infections (neonatal
conjunctivitis),
pneumonia, low birthweight, increased risk of
premature rupture of the
membranes (PROM),
preterm birth, and

stillbirth

Gonorrhea
-Highly contagious
-Site of infection is
columnar epithelium of
endocervix

Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)

Genital Herpes
Simplex
-Recurrent lifelong viral
infection
-HSV 1(not sexually
transmitted) & HSV 2

Genital Ulcers

Syphilis
-Curable bacterial
infection

Genital Ulcers

Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID)

Secondary to
STI
-Untreated
chlamydia
and

Brittney Brady

Neisseria
gonorrhoea
e
-Aerobic
gramnegative
intracellular
diplococcus

Many asymptomatic,
abnormal vaginal
discharge, dysuria,
cervicitis, abnormal vaginal
bleeding, bartholins
abscess, PID, rectal
infection, mild sore throat,
perihepatitis

Antibiotics
-Azithromycin &
Ceftriazone

Spread via
contact with
mucous
membranes
or breaks in
skin

Primary- Multiple painful


vesicular lesions,
mucopurulent discharge,
fever, chills, malaise,
dysuria, headache, genital
irritation lymphadenopathy
Secondary-Tingling, itching,
pain, unilateral genital
lesions
Primary:
-Chancre (painless
ulcer),
painless bilateral,
adenopathy
Secondary:
-Flu-like symptoms, rash
on trunk, palms, and
soles,alopecia,
adenopathy
Latency:
No more manifestations
Tertiary:
-Life-threatening conditions

-No cure
-Antiviral drug
therapy
-Acyclovir (Zovirax)
-Famciclovir
(Famivir)
-Valacyclovir
(Valtrex)

Spirochete
Treponema
pallidum

Ascending
polymicrobial
infection

STI/Maternity

Lower abdominal
tenderness,
adnexal tenderness,
cervical
motion tenderness,

-Azithromycin or
Docycycline should
accompany to treat
chlamydial infection

-Can be infected during


delivery
Effects on Baby:
- Gonococcal ophthalmia
neonatorum can lead to
blindness and sepsis
(including arthritis and
meningitis)
-HSV 2 can be infected
during birth
Effects on Baby:
- Skin or mouth sores
Mental retardation,
premature birth, low birthweight, blindness, death

-Benzathine Penicillin
G
-Doxyxyline if
allergic

-Can be passed in utero

-Broad-spectrum
antibiotics
(Cephalosporin with
doxycycline)
-Oral fluids

Uncommon in pregnancy

Effects on Baby:
- Can result in fetal or
infant death
-Congenital syphilis
symptoms include skin
ulcers, rashes, fever,
weakened or hoarse cry,
swollen liver and spleen,
jaundice and anemia,
various deformations

gonorrhea

fever,
dysmenorrhea,
dysuria, N/V,
abnormal vaginal
discharge

Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)

Immunocomp
romising

HIV virus

Human
Papillomavirus
(HPV)
- MOST COMMON
VIRAL INFECTION IN
THE U.S.

VaccinePreventable
STI

Human
papillomavir
us

Hepatitis A

VaccinePreventable
STI

Spread via GI
tract

Hepatitis B

VaccinePreventable
STI

Spread via
saliva, blood,
semen,
menstrual
blood, vaginal
secretions

Brittney Brady

STI/Maternity

1. Acute seroconversion
-Fever, pharyngitis,
rash, and
myalgia
-3 to 12 months before
seroconversion
2. Asymptomatic with
viral replication
-Immunosuppression
with
opportunistic
infections
3. AIDS
-CD4 T-cell count
reaches 200 or less
Many asymptomatic, visible
genital warts (condylomata)
that are fleshy papule with
a warty glandular surface,
painful, friable, pruritic,
large lesions resemble
cauliflowers, may bleed
easily
Flu-like symptoms with
malaise, skin rashes,
fatigue, anorexia, nausea,
pruritus, fever, upper right
quadrant pain
Similar to Hep A but with
less fever and skin
involvement

-Bed rest
-Analgesics

1. Earlier initiation
of antiretroviral
therapy (ART)
-When count
reaches 350500
2. Antiretroviral
drugs (ARVs),
3. HAART
(Highly active
antiretroviral
therapy)
-Combines 3
antiretroviral drugs

Effects on Baby:
- Transmission can occur
transplacentally, during
childbirth or through
breast milk

No treatment or cure
-Vaccine (Cervarix &
Gardasil)
-Treatment of
pancancerous
cervical
lesions/genital warts
(TCA, liquid nitrogen
cryotherpy, etc.)
-Self-limiting, does
not result in chronic
infection
-Hep A Vaccine
(prevent)
-Can cause serious
permanent liver
damage
-No specific
treatment exisit
-Hep B vaccine
(prevent)

Effects on Baby:
-None Known

Effects on Baby:
- Can become chronic
carrier of hepatitis B
which may lead to liver
cancer or cirrhosis

Scabies
Pubic lice

Ectoparasitic
Infections

Brittney Brady

Contact with
others

STI/Maternity

Scabies-intensely pruritic
dermatitis with lesions
Pubic-pruritus with lice or
nits , rash

-Permethrin cream
-Lindane shampoo

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