1.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan sejenis sel yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop elektron.

Diagram 1 shows at type of cell as seen under an electron microscope.

Rajah 1 / Diagram1
(a)

Berdasarkan Rajah 1, kenal pasti sel itu.

Based on Diagram 1, identify the cell.
................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark / 1 markah]

(b)
(i)

Pada Rajah 1, labelkan struktur P, Q, R dan S.

On Diagram 1, label the structures P, Q, R and S.

(ii)

Nyatakan fungsi struktur :

State the function of structure :

(4 marks /4 markah]

P : ...
S : ............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 markah]

(c)

Jadual 1 menunjukkan persamaan dan perbezaan sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan.
Lengkapkan jadual 1 di bawah.
Table 1 shows the similarities and contrast between animal and plant cell. Complete the
table below.

Sel haiwan
Animal cell

Persamaan
Similarities

Sel tumbuhan
Plant cell

Perbezaan
Contrast

Sel haiwan
Animal cell

Struktur
Structure

Sel tumbuhan
Plant cell

Bentuk
Shape
Dinding sel
Cell wall
Vakuol
Vacuole
Kloroplas
Chloroplast
Jadual 1 / Table 1
[5 marks / 5 markah]
2.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan model membran plasma.

Diagram 2.1 shows a model of the plasma membrane.

Rajah 2.1/ Diagram 2.1

2

(a)

Namakan struktur X dan Y.

Name structures X and Y.
X :
Y :
[ 2 markah /2 marks ]

(b)

Berikan satu ciri bagi X dan Y.

Give one characteristic of X and Y.
X
Y :
[ 2 markah /2 marks ]

(c)

Namakan dua bahan yang dapat merentasi membran plasma melalui P dengan mudah.
Name two substances that can easily move across the plasma membrane through P.

.
[ 2 markah /2 marks ]

(d)

Rajah 2. 2 (a) dan Rajah 2.2 (b) menerangkan dua kaedah pergerakan bahan merentas
membrane plasma.
Diagram 2.2 (a) and Diagram 2.2 (b) explain two methods of movement of substances
across the plasma membrane.

Kepekatan tinggi
High concentration

ATP

Kepekatan tinggi
High concentration

Kepekatan
rendah
Low
concentration

(a)

Kepekatan
rendah
Low
concentration

(b)

Rajah 2.2 / Diagram 2.2

Kedua-dua kaedah ini memerlukan bantuan protein pembawa.
Both methods require the help of carrier proteins.
Namakan kaedah pergerakan bahan merentas membran plasma yang ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 2.2(a) dan Rajah 2.2 (b)
Name the methods of movement of substances across the plasma membrane shown in
Figure 2.2 (a) and Figure 2.2(b)

(i)

Kaedah yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2(a)

Method shown in Figure 2.2 (a)
.
[ 1 markah /1 mark ]
Kaedah yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2(b)
Method shown in Figure 2.2 (b)
.
[ 1 markah /1 mark ]

(ii)

Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara kedua-dua kaedah pergerakan bahan merentas membrane
plasma ini.
State two differences between two methods of movement of substances across the plasma
membrane

Kaedah yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah

Kaedah yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah

2.2(a)

2.2(b)

Method shown in Figure 2.2 (a)

Method shown in Figure 2.2 (b)

1.

2.

[ 2 markah /2 marks ]

(iii)

Molekul glukosa bergerak merentas membran plasma melalui kaedah 2.2 (b). Apakah
kaedah 2.2 (b)?
Glucose molecules move across the plasma membrane by method 2.2 (b). What is method
X?
.
[ 1 markah /1 mark ]

(iv)

Ion tak organic seperti ion nitrat diserap dari tanah oleh akar rambut tumbuhan. Apakah
kaedah pergerakan ion ke dalam tumbuhan ini?
Inorganic ions such as nitrate ions are absorbed from the soil by the root hairs of plants.
What is this method of movement of ions into the plants?
.
[ 1 markah /1 mark ]

3.

Rajah 3.1 di bawah menunjukkan sintesis dan perembesan enzim bagi sel haiwan
Diagram 3.1 below shows the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an animal cell.

Rajah 3.1 / Diagram 3.1

(a)

Namakan bahagian berlabel P dan R .

Name the parts labelled P and R.
P : ...
R: ....
[ 2 markah /2 marks ]

(b)

Nyatakan fungsi organel S.

State the function of organelle S.
.
.

(c)

(d)

[ 1 markah /1 mark ]
Terangkan peranan organel Q dalam sintesis enzim
Explain the role of organelle Q in the synthesis of an enzyme.
....
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur enzim dan tiga substrat W, X dan Y.
Diagram below shows the structure of an enzyme and three substrate W, X and Y.

Rajah 3.1 / Diagram 3.1

(i)

Based on Diagram 3.1, choose the correct substrate and complete the schematic diagram
to show the mechanism of enzyme action on the substrate.
Berdasarkan kepada rajah diatas, pilih substrat yang betul dan lengkapkan rajah skematik
untuk menunjukkan mekanisme tindakan enzim terhadap substrat.

[ 3 markah /3 marks ]
(ii)

Nyatakan dua ciri-ciri enzim yang mana ditunjukkan di (d)(i)

State two characteristics of the enzyme, which are illustrated in (d)(i).
1 : ..
2: ...
[ 2 markah /2 marks ]

(e)

Seorang kanak-kanak menghidapi demam panas dengan suhu badan 41oC.

Terangkan kesannya terhadap proses pencernaan dalam sistem pencernaannya.
A child with high fever has body temperature of 41C.
Explain the effect on the process of digestion in his digestive system.
..................
..................
..................

4.

..................
[ 2 markah /2 marks ]
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan kitar sel dalam organisma.
Diagram 4.1 shows the cell cycle of an organism.

(a)

Rajah 4.1 / Diagram 4.1

Namakan fasa U dalam Diagram 4.1.
Name phase U in Diagram 4.1.
U:

(b)

[ 1 markah / 1mark ]
Fasa U dibahagikan kepada 3 jenis fasa X, Y, dan Z . Nyatakan keadaan yang berlaku pada
fasa X , Y dan Z .
Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. State what happens at sub
phases X, Y and Z.
X : ....
Y :.....
Z :.
[ 3 markah /3 marks ]

(c)

Bilangan kromosam yang ditunjukan dalam nucleus sel soma ialah 6. Rajah 4.2
menunjukkan peringkat pembahagian sel dalam penghasilan sel gamet.
The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6. Diagram 4.2
shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.

Rajah 4.2 / Diagram 4.2

8

Lukiskan pada rajah di bawah kromosom pada sel anak hasil dari fasa Q.
Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell produced at the end
of sub-phase Q.

[ 2 markah /2 marks ]
Terangkan bagaimana kesan radioterapi keatas sel kanser. Explain how radiotherapy
affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.

..
[ 2 markah /2 marks ]

(d)

Seorang petani ingin menghasilkan tanaman pisang yang baik untuk penghasilan
komersial. Cadangkan satu keadah yang sesuai untuk dipraktikkan dan terangkan
bagaimana kaedah tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil tanaman.
A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial production.
Suggest a suitable method to be used and explain how the method named can increase the
crop yield.

[ 3 markah /3 marks ]
Nyatakan satu kelemahan mengunakan keadah ini.
State a problem that can occur when using this method.
.
[ 1 markah / 1mark ]

(e)
9

5.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sel akar rambut tumbuhan R dan butiran tanah di sekelilingnya.
Diagram 5.1 shows a root hair cell from Plant R and the surrounding soil particles.

Epidermis akar
Root epidermis
Zarah tanah
Soil particles
Rerambut akar
Root hair
X
Y

Rajah 5.1/ Diagram 5.1

(a)
(i)

Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, yang manakah antara X dan Y mempunyai

Based on Diagram 5.1, which of the region X and Y has
Kepekatan air yang lebih rendah
lower water concentration

(ii)

Kepekatan air yang lebih tinggi

Higher water concentration

[ 2 markah / 2 marks]

(b)

Rajah 5.2(a) menunjukkan satu sel tumbuhan selepas direndam dalam 20% larutan sukrosa
selama 15 minit. Rajah 5.2(b) menunjukkan sel tumbuhan yang lain yang direndam dalam
0.1% larutan sukrosa.
Diagram 5.2(a) shows a plant cell after immersion for 15 minutes in 20% sucrose solution
and Diagram 5.2 (b) shows another plant cell immersed in 0.1% sucrose solution.

10

Rajah 5.2(a)/Diagram 5.2 (a)

Rajah 5.2(b)/Diagram 5.2(b)

Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada sel tumbuhan yang ditunjukkan dalam:
Explain what happens to the plant cells shown in:
(i)

(ii)

(c)

Diagram 5.2 (a) / Rajah 5.2 (a)

.
.

.
[2 markah/2 marks]
Diagram 5.2 (b) / Rajah 5.2 (b)

[2 markah/2 marks]
Terangkan mengapa makanan diawet menggunakan larutan gula pekat.
Explain why food is preserved using concentrated sugar solution.

........................................................
[3 markah/3 marks]

(d)

Seorang petani menaburkan baja yang berlebihan pada tumbuhan R. Ramal dan terangkan
apakah yang akan berlaku pada tumbuhan R selepas beberapa hari.
A farmer applied a large quantity of fertilizer on Plant R. Predict and explains what will
happen with Plant R in a few days.

11


[ 3 markah /3 marks]

BAHAGIAN B
SECTION B
(40 MARKAH / 40 MARK)
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini
Answer any two questions from this section
6.

Rajah menunjukkan struktur satu organism unisel yang hidup dalam kolam air tawar.
Diagram shows the structure of unicellular organism which lives in a freshwater pond.

a)

Rajah
Diagram
Terangkan bagaimana organisma unisel ini mendapatkan nutrien ?
Explain how unicellular organism obtain the nutrient ?

12

(4 Markah)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b) Explain the relationship between tissues, organs and systems in multicellular organisms

such as humans.
Terangkan hubungan di antara tisu, organ dan system dalam organisma multisel
seperti manusia.
(6 Markah)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c)

Aras glukosa dalam darah boleh dikawal atur oleh kelenjar endokrin, sistem
peredaran darah dan sistem pencernaan
Glucose level in the blood can regulating by endocrine gland, blood
circulatory system and digestive system.
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, terangkan bagaimana mengawalatur kepekatan aras
glukosa dalam darah kekal pada julat normal ?
Based on the above information, explain how concentration of glucose level in blood
maintaine in normal range ?
(10 Markah)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. (a) Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan satu jalur batang sawi yang direndam di dalam larutan sukrosa
30%.
Diagram 7.1 shows a strips of mustard green stem immersed in 30% sucrose solution

Rajah 7.1/ Diagram 7.1

Berdasrkan Rajah 7.1, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada sel sawi selepas 20 minit
Based 7.2, explain what happens to the cell of mustard green after 20 minutes
( 6 markah )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(b) Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan sel haiwan P, yang direndam dalam larutan yang berbeza.
Diagram 7.2 shows an animal cell, P, immersed in different solutions.

Rajah 7.2/ Diagram 7.2

Terangkan apakah kesan larutan natrium klorida 4.0% dan air suling kepada sel P
14

selepas direndam selama setengah jam

Explain the effects of 4.0% of sodium chloride solution an distilled water to the cell P
after being immersed for half a hour.
(6 markah )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(c) Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan keadaan pokok yang telah diberikan baja secara berlebihan
Diagram 7.3shows the condition of plant which added with excess fertilizer
Rajah 7.3/ Diagram 7.3
Terangkan keadaan pokok pada Rajah 7.3
Explain the condition of the plant in Diagram 7.3
[5 marks]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(d) Rajah 7.4 dan 7.5 menunjukkan dua cara pengawetan ikan dan sayur
Diagram 7.4 and diagram 7.5 shows two ways of preserving fish and vegetables

15

Rajah 7.4/ Diagram 7.4

Raja 7.5/ Diagram 7.5

Nyatakan tiga perbezaan di antara fenomena yang berlaku dalam Rajah 7.4 dan Rajah
7.5
State three differences between the phenomenon which occur in Diagram 7.4 and 7.5
[ 3 markah / 3 marks ]

Rajah 7.4/Diagram 7.4

8.

Rajah 7.5 / Diagram 7.5

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan
enzim luar sel di dalam sel haiwan.
Diagram 8.1 shows the organelles involved in the synthesis and secretion of an
extracellular enzyme in an animal cell.

Diagram 8.1 / Rajah 8.1

16

a)

Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, terangkan proses-proses yang terlibat dalam penghasilan enzim
luar sel.
Based on Diagram 8.1, explain the processes involved in the production of
extracellular enzymes.
( 6 markah)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b)

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan dua jenis molekul kompleks

Diagram 8.2 shows two types of complex molecules.
Molecule X / Molekul X
Molecule Y / Molekul Y

Unit asas: monosakarida

Unit asas: asid amino
Basic unit: monosaccharide
Basic unit: amino acid
Rajah 8.2/ Diagram 8.2
Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, terangkan
Based on Diagram 8.2, explain
i)
The formation of molecules X / pembentukan molekul X
ii) The breakdown of molecules Y / penguraikan molekul Y
( 4 markah)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

c)

Kanji, protein dan lipid masing-masing dapat dihidrolisis di dalam sistem pencernaan
oleh enzim X, Y dan Z.
Rajah 6.3 ialah graf yang menunjukkan kesan pH ke atas kadar aktiviti enzim.
Starch, protein and lipid can be hydrolysed in human digestive system by the enzymes
X, Y and Z respectively.
Diagram 8.3 is a graph which shows the effect of pH on the rate of enzyme activity.

Diagram 8.3 / Rajah 8.3

Based on Diagram 8.3, name X, Y, Z and explain how the change in pH affects enzyme
activity.
Berdasarkan Rajah 8.3, namakan X, Y, Z dan terangkan bagaimana perubahan pH
mempengaruhi aktiviti enzim.
( 10 markah)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9
.

Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat mitosis dan Rajah 6.2

18

menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat meiosis I, kedua-duanya dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 9.1 shows the stages in Mitosis and Diagram 6.2 shows the stages in Meiosis I, both
in plants.

Rajah 9.1 / Diagram 9.1

Rajah 9.2 /Diagram

a)

9.2

Huraikan dua persamaan dan dua perbezaan antara Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2.
Describe two similarities and two differences between Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2
(4 markah)
Persamaaan /Similarities
1.
2.
Perbezaan/differences
1.

19

2.

b) i)

Jelaskan satu contoh teknik pengklonan yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan tumbuhan
komersial yang mempunyai ciri-ciri yang dikehendaki.
Explain one example of cloning technique yhat can be use to produce commercial plant that
have specific characteristic
(4 markah)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hormon insulin yang digunakan oleh pesakit diabetis adalah

hasil dari teknologi kejuruteraan genetik. Hormon yang telah
digunakan sejak 1982 adalah produk teknologi pertama yang
dibenarkan untuk pasaran
Insulin that have been used by diabetic person is the product
from genetic engineering technology. This hormone being use
since 1982 is the first product that .

ii)

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, bincangkan kebaikan teknik kejuruteraan genetik dalam

menghasilkan keperluan masyarakat.
Discuss the benefit of this genetic engineering technique for community needed.
(4 markah)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

c)

Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan sekumpulan sel yang terdedah kepada sinar ultraviolet.
Diagram 6.3 shows a group of cell that exposed to ultraviolet rays.

Normal cells
Sel normal

Mutated Cells
Sel yang mengalami mutasi

Rajah 6.3
Pendedahan kepada sinar radioaktif menyebabkan kitar sel tidak berfungsi. Berdasarkan Rajah
7.1, huraikan kesan kitar sel yang tidak berfungsi ke atas badan.
This exposes cause the malfunction of cell cycle. Based on Diagram 6.3, describe the effects
on the body.
(8 markah)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21

22