Biology 102 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
Daniel Marc G. dela Torre
2007-76293
Cat Musculature
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall (Hypaxial)
Muscle
Origin
External Oblique
Lumbodorsal fascia &
posterior ribs
Internal Oblique
Transversus
Rectus Abdominis
Muscles of the Chest
Muscle
Pectoantibrachialis
Pectoralis Major
Lumbodorsal fascia & border
of pelvic girdle (cat)
Lumbodorsal fascia & border
of pelvic girdle (cat)
Anterior end of the pubic
symphysis
Origin
Manubrium
Pectoralis Minor
Sternum & median ventral
raphe
Sternum
Xiphihumeralis
Xiphoid process of sternum
Muscles of the Upper Back and Shoulder and Back of the Neck
Muscle
Origin
Latissumus dorsi
Neural spines of the last
thoracic & most of the lumbar
vertebrae & lumbodorsal
fasica
Trapezius muscles
Spinotrapezius
Spines of the thoracic
Acromiotrapezius
Neural spines of cervical and
Insertion
Extensive neurosis w/c passes
to the linea alba & on the
pubis (cat)
Linea alba by the extensive
aponeurosis
Linea alba by the extensive
aponeurosis
Sternum and costal cartilages
Insertion
Flat tendon on the fascia of
the forearm
Humerus
Action
Constrictor of the abdomen
Compressor of the abdomen
Compressor of the abdomen
Retracts ribs & sternum,
compresses abdomen
Draws
Draws
Humerus
Draws
Humerus
Draws
Action
the arm toward
chest
the arm toward
chest
the arm toward
chest
the arm toward
chest
the
the
the
the
Insertion
Tendon on the medial surface
of the humerus
Action
Pulls the forelimb dorsally and
caudally
Fascia of the scapula
Draws the scapula dorsad and
caudad
Draws scapula dorsad & holds
Metacromion process & spine
first thoracic vertebrae
Clavotrapezius
Levator scapulae ventralis
Rhomboideus
Rhomboideus capitis
Splenius
Supraspinatus
Deltoids
Clavodeltoid or
clavobrachialis
Acromiodeltoid
Spinodeltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Serratus ventralis
Serratus dorsalis
Scalenes
Superior nuchal line & median
dorsal line of neck
Transverse process of the atlas
& occipital bone
Neural spines of vertebrae &
adjacent ligaments
Superior nuchal line
of the scapula & fascia of the
spinotrapezius
Clavicle
Metacromion process &
neighboring fascia
Vertebral border of the
scapula
Scapula
Draws the clavicle dorsad and
craniad
Draws the scapula craniad
Draws scapula dorsad
Draws the scapula craniad and
rotates it
Raises or turns the head
Extends the humerus
Middorsal line & fascia
Whole surface of the
supraspinous fossa
Superior nuchal line
Greater tuberosity of the
humerus
Passing ventrally from the
acromion process
Spine of scapula
Surface of infraspinous fossa
of scapula
Axillary border of the scapula
& fascia of neighboring
muscles
Axillary border of scapula
Subscapular fossa
Slips from the first 9/10 ribs &
levator scapulae from
transverse process of last 5
cervicals
Aponeurosis from median
dorsal line
Ribs
Surface of the houlder
Raise and rotate the humerus
Deltoid ridge of humerus
Greater tuberosity of the
humerus
Medial surface of the humerus
Raise and rotate the humerus
Rotates the humerus
Greater tuberosity
Lesser tuberosity
Scapula near the vertebral
border
Assists the infraspinatus
Pulls humerus medially
Draws scapula craniad,
ventrad, and against the
thoracic wall
Last ribs
Draws ribs forward
Transverse processes of
cervical vertebrae
Draws ribs forward and bend
the neck
External intercostals ribs
forward. Internal intercostals
draws ribs back
Iliocostals
Intercostals
Epaxial muscles of the
thorax:
the two scapulae together
Semispinalis dorsi
Longissimus
Rotates and lowers the
humerus
Muscles of the Upper Arm
Muscle
Triceps brachii:
Long head
Lateral head
Medial head
Fourth head
Epithrochlearis or extensor
antibrachii
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Muscles of the Forearm
Muscle
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Scapula
Greater tuberosity of humerus
Dorsal surface of humerus
Distal end of humerus
Olecranon
Olecranon
Olecranon
Lateral surface of ulna
Latissimus dorsi
Olecranon
Glenoid fossa
Lateral surface of humerus
Radius
Ulna
Great extensor of forearm
Great extensor of forearm
Great extensor of forearm
Strengthens elbow joint &
rotates ulna
Great extensor of forearm and
rotates the ulna
Flexor of the forearm
Flexor of the forearm
Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
& semilunar notch of ulna
Lateral surface of humerus
above lateral epicondyle
Lateral surface of humerus
above lateral epicondyle
About middle of humerus
Extensor digitorum
lateralis
Extensor digitorum
communis
Brachioradialis or
supinator longus
Extensor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Humerus near other extensors
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion
Proximal end of fifth
metacarpal
Split tendon underlying the
tendons of the next
Split tendon underlying the
tendons of the next
Lower end of radius &
adjacent ligaments
Second & third metacarpals
Radius
Flexor carpi radialis
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Second and third metacarpals
Palmaris longus
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor profundus digitorum
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulna & humerus
Medial epicondyle of humerus
& olecranon process of ulna
Flat tendon w/c branches to
4/5 tendons under palm
Basal phalanges
Heads join to a tendon w/c
inserts on pisiform bone of
wrist
Muscles of the Thigh
Muscle
Tensor fascia latae
Biceps femoris
Origin
Ilium & neighboring fascia
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Fascia lata
Patella & tibia by a tendon &
fascia of the shank
Action
Extends fifth digit and ulnar
side of wrist
Extends 3 or 4 digits
Extends 3 or 4 digits
Rotates hand to supine
position
Extends hand
Rotates radius to prone
position
Flexes the second and third
metacarpals
Flexor of digits
Flexor of the fingers
Flexes ulnar side of wrist
Action
Tightens the fascia lata
Abductor of thigh and flexor of
shank
Caudofemoralis
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Transverse process of the
second and third caudal
vertebrae
From fascia & from the
transverse processes of last
sacral and 1st caudal
Adjacent fascia, crest of the
ilium, and lateral surface of
ilium, and transverse process
of last sacral and 1st caudal
By tendon to patella
Abductor of thigh and
extensor of shank
Fascia lata and slightly to the
greater trochanter
Abductor of the thigh
Strong tendon on the greater
trochanter of femur
Abductor of thigh
Adductor and rotator of the
thigh and extensor of the
shank
Extensor of shank
Sartorius
Crest & ventral border of ilium
Proximal end of tibia & patella
& fascia & ligaments between
Vastus lateralis
Greater trochanter & surface
of femur
Ilium, near acetabulum
Femur
Surface of femur
Ischial and pubic symphyses
Pubis
Pubis
Ischium
Patella and adjacent ligaments
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Tenuissimus
Muscles of the Shank
Muscle
Tibialis anterior
Ischial tuberosity
Transverse process of the
second caudal vertebrae (w/
caudofemoralis)
Origin
Proximal parts of tibia and
fibula
Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral epicondyle of femur
Peroneus
Gastrocnemius
Fibula
Surface fascia, femur, tendon
Patella and adjacent ligaments
Patella and adjacent ligaments
Patella and adjacent ligaments
Aponeurosis passing the tibia
Femur
Femur
Medial epicondyle of femur
and proximal end of tibia
Tibia
Patella & tibia by a tendon &
fascia of the shank
Insertion
Strong tendon passing
obliquely to medial side of foot
inserted on the first
metatarsal
Stout tendon diverging into
four tendons inserting into
digits
Metatarsals and digits
Strong tendon passing to the
Extensor of shank
Extensor of shank
Extensor of shank
Adductor of leg
Adductor of the thigh
Adductor of thigh
Extensor of thigh
Flexor of the shank
Abductor of thigh and flexor of
shank
Action
Flexor of foot
Extensors of digits
Extensors and flexors of foot
Extensor of foot
Tibial, fibula, and adjacent
fascia
calcaneus (heel bone)
Calcaneus
Thick tendon passing through
a tube of tendons inserting
to a digit
Dividing tendons inserting to
digits
Cleidomastoid
Origin
Median raphe & manubrium of
sternum
Median ventral line and first
costal cartilage
Clavicle or mastoid process
Insertion
Skull from lamboidal ridge
onto mastoid process
Hyoid bone, uniting in the
medial line
Clavicle or mastoid process
Clavotrapezius and
clavobrachialis
Masseter
Clavicle and fibers of
clavotrapezius
Zygomatic arch
Ulna
Temporal
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Side of skull from posterior
nuchal line to zygomatic
process of frontal bone part of
zygomatic arch
Jugular and mastoid process
Mandible, under digastrics
Geniohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Mandible near symphysis
Sternum like sternohyoid
Sides of thyroid cartilage
Soleus
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
Muscles o the Neck and Throat
Muscle
Sternomastoid
Sternohyoid
and fascia of plantaris
Fibula
Patella and femur
Posterior half of lateral surface
of mandible
Coronoid process of mandible
Mandible
Median raphe
Body of hyoid
Thyroid cartilage of larynx
Posterior horn of hyoid
Extensor of foot
Flexor of digits
Flexor of digits
Action
Singly turn head, together
depress head on neck
Draw hyoid posteriorly
Pulls clavicle craniad or turns
head, acts singly, or lowers
head on neck
Flexor of forearm
Elevator of the lower jaw
Elevator of jaw, like masseter
Depressor of lower jaw
Raises floor of mouth and
brings hyoid forward
Draws hyoid forward
Pulls the larynx posteriorly
Raises the larynx
