Design of Shear Wall Coupling
Beams Using HighHigh-Performance
Fiber--Reinforced Concrete
Fiber
James K. Wight
F E Richart,
F.E.
Richart Jr.
Jr Professor of Civil Eng
Eng.. University
of Michigan
Co-Investigator: Prof. Gustavo ParraCoParra-Montesinos
Graduate Students: Remy Lequesne and Monthian Setkit
Presentation Outline
RC C
Coupled
Coupledl d-Wall
W ll S
Systems
t
Coupling Beams: Design Requirements
Use of diagonal reinforcement
Design, detailing and construction issues
Design Modifications and the use of
HPFRC
Conclusions
RC CoupledCoupled-Wall Systems
Core--wall systems popular in moderate to
Core
high--rise structures
high
Architectural requirements lead to repeated
openings from floor to floor result is
isolated walls connected by coupling beams
RC CoupledCoupled-Wall Systems
L t l stiffness
Lateral
tiff
and
d strength
t
th off system
t
significantly influenced by design of coupling
beams
beams
Can be designed to spread plasticity over
height of system
Designed/detailed
g
to retain strength
g and
significant percentage of stiffness during
large
g deformations into p
plastic range
g of
behavior.
Behavior of RC Coupling
Beams
Observed response of RC coupling beams
during 1964 Alaska Earthquake was nonnonductile
([Link]
Use of Diagonal Reinforcement
Proposed by Thomas Paulay and others;
Diagonals carry all shear and all flexure
Asd
Test Using Diagonal Reinforcement
Construction Issues and
System Design Changes
D i off di
Design
diagonall reinforcement
i f
t iis easy
construction is NOT
Trend in the USA is to use more slender
coupling beams, i.e. a larger length/depth ratio
Should we change our design approach?
Diagonal
g
reinforcement is not as efficient at
shallow angle
Use of HPFRC can reduce need for diagonal
g
and
confinement reinforcement
Construction Issues
Coupling
p g Beam Design:
g
Mechanism Analysis of Coupling Beam
Mpj
Vj
Mpj
2 M pj V j n
or M pj
or,
Vj
Assume, M p A ( f y )( jd )
*
s
Vj n
2
Coupling
p g Beam Design:
g
Flexural Design of Coupling Beam
((assume combination of diagonal
g
and longitudinal
g
steel))
Asd
As
Coupling
p g Beam Design:
g
Flexural Design of Coupling Beam
((assume combination of diagonal
g
and longitudinal
g
steel))
M p M n As Asd cos ( f y )(0.9 d )
Solve for, As Asd cos
Mp
f y (0.9
(0 9 d )
Do not use capacity-reduction
capacity reduction factor,
factor
Coupling
p g Beam Design:
g
Shear Design of Coupling Beam
(Required strength,
strength Vn )
Vn
Vu
, where 0.85
Vn Vc Vcf Vsd Vs
For reinforced concrete, use Vc 0
For fiber reinforced concrete, use Vcf 4 f c bw d
Coupling
p g Beam Design:
g
Shear Design of Coupling Beam
(contribution from diagonal reinforcement)
Asd
Vsd 2 Asd sin
i f yt
As
Coupling
p g Beam Design:
g
Shear Design of Coupling Beam
(contribution from vertical reinforcement)
Av
s
Vs
Av f yyt d
s
As
High
g Performance FiberFiberReinforced Concretes
Definition
D fi iti off hi
high
highh-performance
f
fiber
fiberfib reinforced concrete typically means the
material
t i lh
has a strainstrain
t i -hardening
h d i b
behavior
h i iin
tension.
Example of steel fibers
Tension Testing of Fiber Concrete
Regular FRC
HPFRC
Earthquake-Resistant Design
Applications
The ductility, stiffness retention and
confinement
fi
properties
i off HPFRC
members under inelastic load reversals
make
k th
them an excellent
ll t candidate
did t for
f
use in earthquake-resistant design of
reinforced
i f
d concrete
t b
buildings.
ildi
Research Objectives
Investigate the use of precast HPFRC
coupling beams in earthquake-resistant
coupled wall systems
Reduce (eliminate) transverse and
diagonal reinforcement requirements in
coupling beams
Develop information on shear strength
and damage tolerance of HPFRC members
subjected to large displacement reversals
Cracking Pattern at Low Drift
(Span/depth ratio of 1.2)
SP-1 vs. SP-4 at 1.5% Drift
SP-1
SP-4
Shear Stress vs. Beam Drift Response
SP 1 vs
SP-1
vs. SP
SP-4
4
10
8
Shear S
Stress (MPa
a)
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
SP-1
SP-4
-6
-8
-10
-6
-4
-2
Drift(%)
Construction of Coupled Wall System
CB-2 design
g ((L/d = 1.75))
Precast shaded region
Precast Coupling Beam
Component Test Setup
Actuator
W ll Bl
Wall
Block
k
Precast Coupling
Beam
Rigid Links
Wall Block
CB-2
CB
2 behavior
CB-2
CB
2 Testing Images
3% Drift
5.5% Drift
Four story
coupled-wall
specimen
i
Precast Beam Casting
Coupled Wall Construction
Coupled Wall Construction
RC Wall Behavior
Additional Coupling Beam Tests
Three beams, span/depth ratio of 2.75
Target
T
shear
h
stress at ACI lilimiti
Specimen
Material
Diagonal Reinf.
HPFRC
Yes
Concrete
Yes
HPFRC
N
No
Reinforcement Pattern for Specimen 2
Specimen 2
HPFRC and Diag.
Diag Reinf.
Reinf
Specimen 6
HPFRC and No Diag.
Diag Reinf.
Reinf
Conclusions
For coupling beam span/depth ratios between
2.0 and 4.0, the use of only diagonal reinforcement
is unreasonable Thus,, use combination of
diagonal and longitudinal steel for flexural strength.
strength.
Use of HPFRC allowed elimination of transverse
reinforcement requirements for diagonal bars
Significantly simplified the beam construction.
We recommend to use a combination of diagonal
reinforcement, vertical stirrups, and HPFRC for
shear
h
strength
strength.
t
th.
Conclusions
Coupling beams constructed with HPFRC showed
superior damage tolerance at low to moderate drift
level compared
p
to RC coupling
p g beams.
Supplemental diagonal reinforcement is required in
short coupling
g beams to achieve large
g drift
capacities, stiffness retention and adequate energy
dissipation.
Use of a precast coupling beam is a practical
alternative..
alternative
Thank You
