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Circuit Diagram

Target Heart Rate

R-B
Posted Feb 5th, 2011
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Heart rate measurement from ngertip

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Introduction

Heart rate
measurement
indicates the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. This project demonstrates a
technique to measure the heart rate by sensing the change in blood volume in a nger
artery while the heart is pumping the blood. It consists of an infrared LED that transmits
an IR signal through the ngertip of the subject, a part of which is reected by the blood
cells. The reected signal is detected by a photo diode sensor. The changing blood volume
with heartbeat results in a train of pulses at the output of the photo diode, the magnitude
of which is too small to be detected directly by a microcontroller. Therefore, a two-stage
high gain, active low pass lter is designed using two Operational Ampliers (OpAmps) to
lter and amplify the signal to appropriate voltage level so that the pulses can be counted
by a microcontroller. The heart rate is displayed on a 3 digit seven segment display. The
microcontroller used in this project is PIC16F628A.

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Heart rate measuring device using PIC16F628A

Theory
Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time and is usually expressed in beats
per minute (bpm). In adults, a normal heart beats about 60 to 100 times a minute during
resting condition. The resting heart rate is directly related to the health and tness of a
person and hence is important to know. You can measure heart rate at any spot on the
body where you can feel a pulse with your ngers. The most common places are wrist and
neck. You can count the number of pulses within a certain interval (say 15 sec), and easily
determine the heart rate in bpm.
This project describes a microcontroller based heart rate measuement system that uses
optical sensors to measure the alteration in blood volume at ngertip with each heart beat.
The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photodiode,
placed side by side as shown below. The IR diode transmits an infrared light into the
ngertip (placed over the sensor unit), and the photodiode senses the portion of the light
that is reected back. The intensity of reected light depends upon the blood volume
inside the ngertip. So, each heart beat slightly alters the amount of reected infrared
light that can be detected by the photodiode. With a proper signal conditioning, this little
change in the amplitude of the reected light can be converted into a pulse. The pulses
can be later counted by the microcontroller to determine the heart rate.

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Fingertip placement over the sensor unit

Circuit Diagram
The signal conditioning circuit consists of two identical active low pass lters with a
cut-o frequency of about 2.5 Hz. This means the maximum measurable heart rate is
about 150 bpm. The operational amplier IC used in this circuit is MCP602, a dual OpAmp
chip from Microchip. It operates at a single power supply and provides rail-to-rail output
swing. The ltering is necessary to block any higher frequency noises present in the
signal. The gain of each lter stage is set to 101, giving the total amplication of about
10000. A 1 uF capacitor at the input of each stage is required to block the dc component
in the signal. The equations for calculating gain and cut-o frequency of the active low
pass lter are shown in the circuit diagram. The two stage amplier/lter provides
sucient gain to boost the weak signal coming from the photo sensor unit and convert it
into a pulse. An LED connected at the output blinks every time a heart beat is detected.
The output from the signal conditioner goes to the T0CKI input of PIC16F628A.

IR sensors and signal conditioning circuit

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The control and display part of the circuit is shown below. The display unit comprises of a
3-digit, common anode, seven segment module that is driven using multiplexing technique.
The segments a-g are driven through PORTB pins RB0-RB6, respectively. The units, tens
and hundreds digits are multiplexed with RA2, RA1, and RA0 port pins. A tact switch
input is connected to RB7 pin. This is to start the heart rate measurement. Once the start
button is pressed, the microcontroller activates the IR transmission in the sensor unit for
15 sec. During this interval, the number of pulses arriving at the T0CKI input is counted.
The actual heart rate would be 4 times the count value, and the resolution of measurement
would be 4. You can see the IR transmission is controlled through RA3 pin of PIC16F628A.
The microcontroller runs at 4.0 MHz using an external crystal. A regulated +5V power
supply is derived from an external 9 V battery using an LM7805 regulator IC.

Microcontroller and Display Circuit

Software
The rmware does all the control and computation operation. In order to save the power,
the sensor module is not activated continuously. Instead, it is turned on for 15 sec only
once the start button is pressed. The pulses arriving at T0CKI are counted through Timer0
module operated in counter mode without prescaler. The complete program written for
MikroC compiler is provided below. An assembled HEX le is also available to download.
/*
Project: Measuring heart rate through fingertip
Copyright @ Rajendra Bhatt
January 18, 2011
PIC16F628A at 4.0 MHz external clock, MCLR enabled
*/
sbit IR_Tx at RA3_bit;
sbit DD0_Set at RA2_bit;
sbit DD1_Set at RA1_bit;
sbit DD2_Set at RA0_bit;
sbit start at RB7_bit;
unsigned short j, DD0, DD1, DD2, DD3;
unsigned short pulserate, pulsecount;
unsigned int i;
//-------------- Function to Return mask for common anode 7-seg. display
unsigned short mask(unsigned short num) {
switch (num) {
case 0 : return 0xC0;
case 1 : return 0xF9;

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case 2 :
case 3 :
case 4 :
case 5 :
case 6 :
case 7 :
case 8 :
case 9 :
} //case
}

return
return
return
return
return
return
return
return
end

[Link]

0xA4;
0xB0;
0x99;
0x92;
0x82;
0xF8;
0x80;
0x90;

void delay_debounce(){
Delay_ms(300);
}
void delay_refresh(){
Delay_ms(5);
}
void countpulse(){
IR_Tx = 1;
delay_debounce();
delay_debounce();
TMR0=0;
Delay_ms(15000); // Delay 15 Sec
IR_Tx = 0;
pulsecount = TMR0;
pulserate = pulsecount*4;
}
void display(){
DD0 = pulserate%10;
DD0 = mask(DD0);
DD1 = (pulserate/10)%10;
DD1 = mask(DD1);
DD2 = pulserate/100;
DD2 = mask(DD2);
for (i = 0; i<=180*j; i++) {
DD0_Set = 0;
DD1_Set = 1;
DD2_Set = 1;
PORTB = DD0;
delay_refresh();
DD0_Set = 1;
DD1_Set = 0;
DD2_Set = 1;
PORTB = DD1;
delay_refresh();
DD0_Set = 1;
DD1_Set = 1;
DD2_Set = 0;
PORTB = DD2;
delay_refresh();
}
DD2_Set = 1;
}
void main() {
CMCON = 0x07;
// Disable Comparators
TRISA = 0b00110000; // RA4/T0CKI input, RA5 is I/P only
TRISB = 0b10000000; // RB7 input, rest output
OPTION_REG = 0b00101000; // Prescaler (1:1), TOCS =1 for counter mode
pulserate = 0;
j = 1;
display();
do {
if(!start){
delay_debounce();
countpulse();

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j= 3;
display();
}
} while(1); // Infinite loop
}

Download Source and HEX les

Output
The use of this device is very simple. Turn the power on, and you will see all zeros on
display for few seconds. Wait till the display goes o. Now place your forenger tip on the
sensor assembly, and press the start button. Just relaxed and dont move your nger. You
will see the LED blinking with heart beats, and after 15 sec, the result will be displayed.

References
The following papers were used as reference in making this project.

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Design and development of a heart rate measuring device using ngertip by Hashem, M.M.A.
Shams, R. Kader, M.A. Sayed, M.A., International conference on computer and communication engineering, 2010.
Heart rate measurement from the finger using a low cost microcontroller by Dogan Ibrahim and Kadri Buruncuk.

Important note:
I am adding these paragraphs to provide further detail on the sensor and signal
conditioning part of this project.
The harder part in this project is the signal conditioning circuit that uses active low pass
lters using OpAmps to boost the weak reected light signal detected by the photo diode.
The IR transmitting diode and the photo diode are placed closely but any direct crosstalk
between the two are avoided. Look at the following pictures to see how I have blocked the
direct infrared light from falling into the adjacent photo diode. Besides, surrounding the
sensor with an opaque material makes the sensor system more robust to changing
ambient light condition. I have used separate IR diode and photo diode, but you can buy
reective optical sensor systems that have both the diodes assembled together. Heres an
example from Tayda Electronics.

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The 150 resistance in series with the IR diode is to limit the current and hence the
intensity of the transmitted infrared light. The intensity of IR light should not be too high
otherwise the reected light will be sucient enough to saturate the photo detecting
diode all the time and no signal will exist. The value of this current limiting resistor could
be dierent for dierent IR diodes, depending upon their specications. Heres my
practical test circuit that I used to nd the appropriate value of the series resistor for the
IR diode I used.

First I used a 68 resistor with a 470 potentiometer in series with the IR diode. Placing
a ngertip over the sensor assembly, I slowly varied the potentiometer till I found the
output LED blinking with heartbeat. Then I measured the equivalent resistance R and
replaced the 68 and the potentiometer with a single resistor closest to R. But you can
also keep the potentiometer in your circuit so that you can always adjust it when needed.
You should keep your ngertip very still over the sensor while testing. Once you see the
pulses at the output of the signal conditioning circuit, you can feed them to a

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microcontroller to count and display.

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88 Responses to this post
1. [Link] Blog Blog Archive Measurement of heart beat through nger
on February 6th, 2011 8:29 am
[...] of heart beat through nger [Link] Tags: ngertip, Heart Rate Filed in
Test/Measurements | 2 views No Comments [...]
2. on February 6th, 2011 10:04 am
very cool!
3. Giorgos Lazaridis on February 6th, 2011 3:08 pm
I really like seeing original projects that comes after some research and scientic
facts. I got tired seeing all the time An arduino asher and An arduino LED fader.
Keep up the good work, and thanks for tipping.

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4. Martin on February 6th, 2011 5:24 pm

Cool project! Im not that awesome electronics guy, Id like to know how to get the
heart beat signal only, like where it goes into the led. Is it possible to use this with an
Arduino for example?
Is your diode-pair prefabricated or did you just place an led and photodiode side by
side? It looks like such a nice little package.
Thanks for the great work ( and your help?
)
5. Lane on February 6th, 2011 6:57 pm
I just love your hand-drawn schematics.
Is it wrong that I nd that nearly as cool as the device itself?
6. R-B on February 6th, 2011 8:57 pm
Martin,
I have added a few more paragraphs at the end of the article to provide a little bit
more detail on the sensor part. I hope you will nd it helpful. Once you get pulses
(corresponding to heartbeats) at the output of the signal conditioning circuit, you can
use any microcontroller for counting them and displaying the result.
7. Tweets that mention Heart rate measurement from ngertip :Embedded Lab -[Link] on February 6th, 2011 9:41 pm
[...] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Backyard Medic, Fresh Bytes. Fresh Bytes
said: Do It Yourself Fingertip Heart Rate Monitor [Link] [...]
8. Martin on February 7th, 2011 8:26 am
Extremely helpful! I am beginning to understand how the circuit works. Will give it a
try
Thank you for this great article!
9. How-To: Fingertip heart rate monitor - machine quotidienne on February 7th, 2011
9:09 am
[...] a well-documented and rather enlightening project from Embedded Lab: This
project demonstrates a technique to measure the heart rate by sensing the [...]
10. How-To: Fingertip heart rate monitor | [Link] on February 7th, 2011
11:05 am
[...] a well-documented and rather enlightening project from Embedded Lab: This
project demonstrates a technique to measure the heart rate by sensing the [...]
11. Rich on February 17th, 2011 5:16 am
Great article thanks for sharing.
What would also be cool would be a software upgrade that showed the heart rate
continuously. This would not only save you waiting for 15s before getting *any*
indication of the rate, but would also then let you monitor it over time, say as you
tried to relax more deeply (a sort of biofeedback exercise), or as you attempted some
other task (that didnt cause your test nger to wobble!), etc. It could just display an
average rate so far for the rst 15s, and then perhaps a rolling 15s (or less) average
after that.

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12. Fingertip heart rate monitor Black Hat Security on February 17th, 2011 2:05 pm
[...] has a nice tutorial on building your own heart rate monitor. The monitor works by
shining infrared light into the ngertip and looking at the changes in the [...]
13. mahesh on February 20th, 2011 12:45 am
What other opamp I can use instead of MCP602, I am not able to get it.
Project is interesting, keep up good work. I wondered if I could use IR receiver
TSOP1738 etc, may be not a good idea.
14. R-B on February 20th, 2011 8:41 am
Try OP295 or LM358. If you dont get any of them, try an opamp IC that can operate
on a single supply and provides rail to rail output swing.
15. Brett on February 21st, 2011 12:24 am
Take this a couple steps further build a Pulse Oximeter. This is a device the
measures the dissolved oxygen in blood (% saturation), and as a side benet, also
measures the pulse rate.
The principle is that by shining two dierent wavelengths of infrared light through
the nger, you can determine the amount of oxygen in blood by looking at the ratio of
how much of each wavelength is transmitted.
A side eect of this is that the signal strength depends on the instantaneous blood
pressure. Once you compensate for blood pressure for the O2 measurement, you also
know the pulse rate.
16. R-B on February 21st, 2011 7:25 am
Brett,
I appreciate your suggestion. I have in my mind to build a open source pulse
Oximeter, but not sure when am I going to start. I was wondering how would I
calibrate the O2 measurements? Do you have any better idea besides using a ready
made Pulse Oximeter?
Thank you.
17. miceuz on March 1st, 2011 4:50 am
Did you succeed to get it to work reliably? ive assembled the cirquit, but it seems to
be highly dependent on the way nger is placed on sensor you move it a bit and
instantly get totally dierent wave on the output. What could you suggest to improve
the robustness of the cirquit?
18. R-B on March 1st, 2011 9:07 am
Miceuz,
I didnt see the output wave on oscilloscope, but I agree the circuit is highly sensitive
because of its large gain. While taking measurement, the nger must be still, a little
movement can aect the measurement. The active low pass lter has cuto frequency
of 2.5 Hz, which means any movement of nger could create a frequency within the
range. While working on this project, I also noticed that the vertical distance between
the nger and the sensor also aects the circuit operation. Here are my few
suggestions to improve the robustness of the circuit.
1. Avoid any cross-talk between the photo diode and the IR diode. Except the top

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portion, sensors must be surrounded by an opaque material. This will minimize the
eect of surrounding light condition.
2. IR diodes and photo diodes from dierent vendors have dierent voltage and
current specications. The resistance of 150R in IR Tx works for my sensor set, but it
is not universal. This resistor determines the intensity of the IR light to be
transmitted. I would suggest to use a potentiometer to nd out its appropriate value
for your sensor set. I have mentioned this in Important Note section of this project.
3. If I have to do this project again, I would measure the transmitted IR light, instead
of the reected one. I would use a nger clip equipped with an IR diode and a photo
diode on its two sides. Use of the clip minimizes the relative motion between the
sensors and the nger.
19. niraja on March 2nd, 2011 9:51 am
sir,can i use PIC16F877A instead of PIC16F628A for the same circuit? and can any
photodiode sense the reected IR or there is special type of IR sensor photodiode?
20. R-B on March 2nd, 2011 10:51 am
You can use whatever microcontroller you want, but you have to modify the code
accordingly. There are no special IR and photo diodes used in the project.
21. prof on March 3rd, 2011 1:10 am
Fun project. I am having problems building the c code on MPLAB. Seems to not
recognize _Delay_ms The compiler Error indicates this as undened. I have
successfully burned using hex code, but wanted to play with the parameters in the C
code, then compile that.
22. prof on March 3rd, 2011 2:03 am
R-B and others, ignore last post by me, I discovered problem, and switched to mikroC
for PIC, and the code compiled ne.
23. Silvertongue62 on March 3rd, 2011 9:30 pm
This is cool.
24. mahesh on March 6th, 2011 12:13 am
I made rst part of circuit using LM358 as suggested and BPW34. I used ladies hair
clip to mount IR Tx led and BPW34 for cliping it to nger . It works wonderful. Be
carful while using these clips, higher spring tension may prevent pulse detection, but
its easy to nd suitable one, with huge variety.
Like others I request you to add oximeter functionality to it.
Keep up good work.
Mahesh
25. Jobarteh on March 6th, 2011 6:11 am
Dear sir;
where do i get the details of the project to start developing it. i try to check for more
information about the project to try building it myself but basically i can only view the
theory and introduction can u help me with its detail like the programming, the list
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of components and some guides to building the project. thanks for the post.
26. R-B on March 6th, 2011 8:03 am
Do you see the links Pages 1 2 3 at the bottom? The complete article has 3 pages.
27. Jobarteh88 on March 8th, 2011 10:33 am
Ok thanks i dont notice that before
28. xey on March 8th, 2011 11:11 am
[help] Does it have pcb of that circuit? such as : [Link]
its not easy for me.
29. R-B on March 11th, 2011 1:34 pm
No, there isnt any. Sorry.
30. sushma pilawan on March 12th, 2011 8:54 am
sir;
I have diculty in nding circuit which is use to obtain 5v from 9v supply battery. will
u please tell me the value of resistor and capacitor used in that circuit?
31. R-B on March 12th, 2011 9:10 am
Read this.
[Link]
32. orhan on March 12th, 2011 4:44 pm
I want you to nd that your project printed circuit board. Ill be very happy to have if
you would give. Thanks in advance
33. xey on March 15th, 2011 10:12 am
Orhan,did you found mcp602 opamp?I didnt found that but I bought [Link] pcb
necassary for me [Link] make at this weekend.
34. Sushma on March 15th, 2011 11:28 am
Thank u so much for providing such a important solution on my problem of getting 5v
from 9v battery. But u havent mentioned value of diode used in that circuit. will u
please provide value of that diode?
35. R-B on March 15th, 2011 11:50 am
Sushma,
The diode is for reverse polarity protection, and you can use any general purpose
diode (such as 1N4001).
36. Max on March 16th, 2011 12:59 am
I am currently trying to build the test circuit portion of this design since I am so far
unable to locate a PIC programmer. Whenever I try this exact set up, my beat
indication LED stays on and does not blink no matter if I place my nger on the
sensors or not or if I adjust the voltage on the IR LED. The peak voltage for my IR
LED is 1.2V and 5V for the photosensor. What is my problem?

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37. R-B on March 16th, 2011 10:21 am

It doesnt make sense that the LED stays on because the amplier should not respond
to any dc signal because of dc blocking capacitor. What Op-amp are you using? Could
you send me your complete circuit diagram? I didnt get what you mean by 1.2 V and
5 V? Both should be powered from 5 V with resistors in series. You can email me at
rajbex at gmail dot com.
38. R-G on March 17th, 2011 7:29 am
IN THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WHERE YOU HAVE CONNECTED THE PIC TO CLEAR
CIRCUIT , THE CORRESPONDING PIN OF PIC SHOULD BE 4 BUT YOU HAVE
CONNECTED THE 5 PIN PLEASE CLARIFY MY DOUBT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
39. R-B on March 17th, 2011 8:57 am
Thank you for pointing that. You were right. I have corrected the circuit.
40. Sushma on March 17th, 2011 11:52 am
sir u have mentioned that we can use optical sensor in place of ir and photo diode
assembly but how it can be connected will u please tell me that?
41. R-B on March 17th, 2011 12:12 pm
The link I have provided is for an optical sensor from Tayda Electronics. It isnt
dierent from what has been used in the project. It also consists of an IR diode and a
photo diode assembled together. It has separate pins for IR and photo diodes, so it
should be used in a similar way.
42. Tom on March 17th, 2011 1:38 pm
Did you use a specic op amp for the project? I have a single voltage supply and rail
to rail output swing, but I can not seem to get the circuit to work for the life of me.
Thank you.
43. Adzfar on March 21st, 2011 12:56 pm
hello, this project is very awesome. i really like to try and build it but i also want to
know besides adding an oximeter are there any other addition that we can add to this
project?
44. R-B on March 21st, 2011 2:13 pm
I havent thought of adding any other features to it anytime soon as I am busy with
some other stu.
45. rahul on March 21st, 2011 2:40 pm
sir, plz explain me how exactly u are controlling IR Xmission by giving IR_Tx to pin
RA3? I do realise that u are settin it as 1 before countin starts and making it 0 aftr
15sec.
also, why is the blinking LED connected to a? what if i ground it?
46. R-B on March 21st, 2011 3:01 pm
Rahul,
In order to save power, the IR transmission diode is not continuously on. Thats why it
is turned on for 15 sec only when the microcontroller is counting pulses. The cathode
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of blinking LED is connected to a and not to the ground so that it will blink only
when the microcontroller is reading the pulses. Otherwise, you will see it blinking
every time when there is a change in the intensity of light falling on the photo
detector. For example, if the LED pin grounded, then waving your hand near the
sensor could make the LED blink. But if you connect the pin to a, the LED will turn
on only when the BC547 transistor is conducting, and that happens while taking the
readings.
47. madhu on March 24th, 2011 2:16 am
sir
I have studied your project and i nd it very intersting project . But what are its uses
means what can we prove from this project?
48. shradha on March 24th, 2011 2:22 am
sir;
why we have 9v dc battery in this project ? what is the name of this theory ? or
suggest name for the process of measuring heart bits per minutes.
49. rahul on March 26th, 2011 6:18 pm
@R-B:
thnx for solving my [Link] thinkin of makin a clamp for the tx-rx that will be
well-covered so that ambient light/other obstructions wont aect detector o/[Link] i
gnd the LED now? will it still aect the detector?
my other question is does the detector actually produce sucient voltage change
when the nger is placed? i tested this ckt & used a piece of paper to cut thru the ir
tx and rx.i did get pulses at the opamp o/p. but when i placed my nger betwm them,
i didnt(my ir tx & rx dint have proper [Link] light could have aectd it)
50. R-B on March 28th, 2011 1:47 pm
Rahul,
You can ground the LED, that will not aect the measurement. If you dont see any
LED blinking after placing a nger, I would suggest to vary the intensity of
transmitted IR light. Refer the test circuit I have provided at the end of the article
and read that paragraph carefully.
51. orhan on March 28th, 2011 7:10 pm
Can you send print the circuit diagram . necessary so hurry
(orhankoruyucu@[Link])
52. Mark Whalberg on March 28th, 2011 11:21 pm
dear sir
iam using PIC 16f877a instead of 16f628 , the cicuit doesnt works
what should i do in SW to solve this ,i used same pin cong in 16f877a
53. R-B on March 29th, 2011 9:24 am
In PIC16F877A, PORTA is multiplexed with Analog Input channels, and therefore you
need to set PORTA pins as digital I/O. You can do it by adding ADCON1 = 6; after
CMCON = 7; line in the main program.
54. R-G on March 31st, 2011 7:17 am

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sir
could you please provide me with the pic program in mnemonics form as i m not able
to convert the hex le to mnemonics or atleast provide me with the way to do so
my email id is rajat4nov@[Link]
thank you
55. R-B on April 3rd, 2011 12:37 pm
R-G,
The updated zipped le now contains the MASM le generated by mikroC compiler.
You will nd your mnemonics code in there.
56. get excited and make things! on April 4th, 2011 4:45 pm
[...] a hoodie that protects you when your heart rate gets too high. The circuit is
taken from [Link]. Im using only the rst half as I have no need for the 3
Digit CA Display and will be using [...]
57. newbie on April 13th, 2011 2:32 pm
sir,
plz tell me the following:
[Link] will be the o/p vtg of the photodiode/transistor?
[Link] providing 101 gain to opamps,do u intend to drive them into saturation? Plz tell
me how xactly the digitisation is taking place in the opamp
[Link] the ckt by Dogan Ibrahim and Kadri Buruncuk (mentioned in ur references) they
have added a Pot after the rst [Link] is that so?
[i am a beginner in elex, plz forgive me if the ques are too silly!]
58. R-B on April 13th, 2011 8:27 pm
The output voltage from photo detecting diode consists a dc component voltage (from
biasing) and an ac signal (a few millivolts). The dc is blocked with the 1 uF capacitor
at the input stage and the ac signal is amplied with Opamp circuit. The two stage
Opamp circuit provides sucient gain to amplify the ac signal up to saturation so that
the output pulses will swing from 0 5V (rail-to-rail). There is no special digitization
other than this. The potentiometer at the input stage helps to adjust the current
through the IR transmitting diode to appropriate level. Read the last paragraphs in
my article.
59. newbie on April 14th, 2011 5:09 pm
sir,
thnx a [Link] was very [Link] the Pot i was talking about is not the one on the
input side. I was referring to the Pot after the stage1 of the [Link] a 10k pot wich
links stage1 to the stage2:- [Link]
60. vrushali on April 18th, 2011 9:26 am
sir,
I made the project heart rate measuremenr from ngertip and I was succeed. the
project works perfectly. after some days due to some
reasons it do not [Link] works same as the video shows.
when I swich on the power supply the display shows 888 instead of 000. and when
place the nger on sensor press the start switch the led not blink. please you send me
the solution of this problem.I think that the problem is due to the sensor(photo+led)it

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[Link]

may be [Link] checking the BLINKING led is damage or not i give it +5v supply
when the power supply of total circuit is on i think it is my mistak.
sir please tell me the solution for this problem. then I can check the project as you
guide.
61. R-B on April 18th, 2011 9:39 am
vrushali,
If the problem was with sensor, then the microcontroller should still display 000 as it
is not receiving any pulses. I would suggest to check all the connections again. It
seems to me like the microcontroller is not working properly. Have you soldered the
circuit on prototyping board or it is on the breadboard? I would like to see pictures of
your board, can you send me at rajbex at gmail dot com?
62. R-B on April 18th, 2011 9:43 am
newbie,
I see what you are talking about. This potentiometer is to control the output from the
rst Opamp stage which I have ignored. You can do the same. I dont think it would
matter too much.
63. Peter on April 27th, 2011 12:13 pm
dear Rajendra,
many thanks for all your exellent job you did here in the internet with PIC
Applications. I made your Heart rate measurement device and it is working ne. I
tryed hard to get it working with a LCD 162 but Im not smart enough to get it
running. For shure you have an idea how to do this.
best regars
Peter
64. india-gandhi on May 2nd, 2011 5:11 am
anybody have PCB (printed circuit board)?
65. Lodhi on May 4th, 2011 7:37 am
bro i used
MC33171 , till that i m no succed , rst im making this phase to get
pulse then i want to use 8051 max coding i make.. but in rst phase pulse is not
coming .. i use same this ckt for MC33171 and the same value resistors and capacitor
Regards
plz give me answer..
66. vrushali on May 4th, 2011 8:37 am
sir,
i made aall possible corrections in the project. i replace the controller and dual
opamp ic by new ic (pic16f628a, mcp602)and check the optical sensor and all
connections but the project is not working please send me the solution.
67. ashwini tajane on May 9th, 2011 12:47 am
sir,
i made this project it works very well. you said that maximum measurable reading
150 bpm. but in my project reading greater than 150 bpm appears and i used same
components. tell me the project working perfectly or not if yes then please send me
the formula for maximum measurable heart rate by the project.

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68. R-B on May 9th, 2011 9:54 am

Ashwini,
150 Hz is the cut-o frequency of the Low-pass lter in the circuit, but that does not
mean that it will cut the frequencies higher than that sharply. But, I wonder where
did you measure heart beat higher than 150?
69. ashwini tajane on May 9th, 2011 10:45 am
sir,
in theory given for this project the cut o frequency of low pass lter is 2.5 Hz is
given i confused that you said 150 Hz is the cut of frequency of low pass [Link]
tell me about this.
70. R-B on May 9th, 2011 10:57 am
Oh, my mistake. The cuto frequency of the LPF is 2.5 Hz, and that corresponds to
150 BPM. Sorry about that.
71. ashwini tajane on May 15th, 2011 4:40 am
sir,
what this project exactly measures hert bits or puls rate please send me the
[Link] one ask the 1st questen is this i confused.
72. s00a00s on May 29th, 2011 1:26 am
dear sir,
im very happy that i can nd all what i want in your post but last thing is the pcb !! if
u can provide it would be very n!ce from u, thank you very much
73. Heart Rate Measurement From Fingertip | PyroElectro - News, Projects & Tutorials
on June 13th, 2011 2:02 pm
[...] Read the article for more info about how it is done and how you can build your
own. PyroFactor: Read Permalink | Email This [...]
74. FAHADI on June 15th, 2011 6:44 am
Sir, im trying this project but it is not working please tell me your email id so i can
mail you my problem on bread board this circuit is not working and i programmed the
pic16f628a as per hex le you have provided.
75. fahadi on June 16th, 2011 6:03 am
hi sir can you tell me which type of infrared led and receiver you have used in this
project and of which model.
76. Hossein on June 25th, 2011 7:34 am
hello,
Thank you very much,
I have two question?
1-can i use lm2903 op-amp instead of mcp602?
2- if i want to use 3v supply must change circuit? if any change needed please help
me!
3- if measure bigger than 150 bpm, what do i?
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please help me!

thank you for every thing!
77. Hossein on June 26th, 2011 5:22 pm
Hello,
please help me!
Thank you
78. R-B on June 26th, 2011 5:34 pm
Hossein,
Any OpAmp with rail to rail output swing will work. I am not sure how LM2903 would
perform as it is more a comparator than a OpAmp. If you want to operate this project
with 3 V, you should make sure that the PIC you are using can run at that voltage. You
may have to adjust the values of some resistors on the sensor side too. In order to
measure heart rate higher than 150 bpm, you need to increase the cut-o frequency
of the low pass lters. The formula of calculating the cut-o frequency is shown on
the circuit diagram.
79. s00a00s on June 27th, 2011 5:23 am
hi mr. R-B
i have some questions lets say i want to use the nger clip sensor HRM-2511B from
[Link]
how would i connect the BC574 , 1k Ohm and the RA3 ???
please its very important for me to know this answer please do help me
80. R-B on June 27th, 2011 10:10 am
@s00a00s
I am not familiar with that sensor. Do you have the datasheet of that, I would suggest
to read that.
81. s00a00s on June 28th, 2011 2:51 am
dear R-B,
would you check this link please you can nd the same info. that ive got about this
sensor [Link]
82. R-B on June 28th, 2011 10:47 am
@s00a00s
I checked the document and it is about a project that uses this sensor. But it doesnt
provide much info on the sensor part. I think the sensor has three terminals, which I
would guess to be Anode of IR LED, Open collector of Photo transistor, and Cathode
of IR LED+Emitter of Photo Transistor. I think you should be able to make the
necessary change in the circuit with this info. If not, I will draw one for you tomorrow.
Where did you buy this sensor from?
83. s00a00s on June 28th, 2011 12:33 pm
Dear R-B,
ill thank u forever if u could provide me with the circuit i bought the sensor from the
factory directly in china

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84. s00a00s on June 30th, 2011 4:24 am

hi mr. R-B
im still waiting for the circuit .. you can email it to me at salih1990@[Link]
thank you
85. Reective optical sensor for heart rate measurement on June 30th, 2011 9:50 am
[...] [...]
86. atif on July 1st, 2011 8:56 am
ur circuit cannot work
tx rx not working i need real code . i wait for ur correct code mail
87. atif on July 1st, 2011 11:14 am
send me right code of Heart rate measurement from ngertip on my email id
atif_328@[Link] .
88. R-B on July 2nd, 2011 11:07 pm
@atif,
What makes you think that the code is not correct? It worked for me and some other
people too. I am sorry I dont have any additional code.
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Featured Project
Experimenters board for enhanced mid-range PIC microcontrollers (PIC16F1827
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The PIC16F628A has always been my rst choice for microcontroller-based projects. It is
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Experimenting with PIC

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