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EN 2-2004 Example 001
SHEAR AND FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DESIGN OF A SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGLE
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The flexural and shear strength of a rectangular concrete beam is tested in this
example.
In the example a simple supported beam is subjected to a uniform factored load
of 36.67 kN/m. This example is tested using the Eurocode concrete design code.
The flexural and shear reinforcing computed is compared with independent
results.
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
CL
230mm
550 mm
60 mm
A
Section A-A
6m
Material Properties
E=
25x106 kN/m2
=
0.2
G=
10416666.7kN/m2
Section Properties
d = 490 mm
b = 230 mm
Design Properties
fck = 30 MPa
fyk = 460 MPa
TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED
Calculation of Flexural reinforcement, As
Enforcement of Minimum tension reinforcement, As,min
Calculation of Shear reinforcement, Av
Enforcement of Minimum shear reinforcing, Av,min
EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 1
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RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated based on the equivalent rectangular stress
distribution.
Country
cc
k1
k2
k3
k4
CEN Default, Slovenia, Sweden, Portugal
1.5
1.15
1.0
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
UK
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.40
1.25
0.40
1.25
Norway
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
Singapore
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.40
1.25
0.54
1.25
Finland
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.44
1.10
0.54
1.25
Denmark
1.45
1.2
1.0
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
Germany
1.5
1.15
0.85
0.64
0.80
0.72
0.80
Poland
1.4
1.15
1.0
0.44
1.25
0.54
1.25
EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 2
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PROGRAM NAME:
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Country
Design
Moment,
MEd (kN-m)
Tension
Reinforcing,
As+ (sq-mm)
Design Shear,
VEd
(kN)
SAP2000
0
Shear
Reinforcing,
Asw/s (sqmm/m)
% diff.
Method
SAP
2000
Hand
SAP
2000
Hand
SAP
2000
Hand
SAP
2000
Hand
0.00%
CEN Default,
Slovenia,
Sweden, Portugal
165
165
916
916
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
UK
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Norway
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Singapore
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Finland
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Denmark
165
165
950
950
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Germany
165
165
933
933
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
Poland
165
165
925
925
110
110
249.5
249.5
0.00%
COMPUTER FILE: EN 2-2004 Ex001
CONCLUSION
The computed results show an exact match with the independent results.
EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 3
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HAND CALCULATION
Flexural Design
The following quantities are computed for both of the load combinations:
m, steel
= 1.15
m, concrete = 1.50
cc 1.0
k1 0.44
k2 k4 1.25 0.6 0.0014 / cu 2 1.25 k3 0.54
fcd cc fck / c = 1.0(30)/1.5 = 20 MPa
f yd f yk / s = 460/1.15 = 400 Mpa
1.0 for fck 50 MPa
0.8 for fck 50 MPa
As ,min 0.26
f ctm
bd = 184.5 sq-mm,
f yk
2/3
where f ctm 0.3 f cwk
= 0.3(30)2/3 = 2.896 N/sq-mm
As,min 0.0013bh = 164.5 sq-mm
COMB1
The factored design load and moment are given as,
wu = 36.67 kN/m
wu l 2
= 36.67 62/8 = 165.0 kN-m
8
The limiting value of the ratio of the neutral axis depth at the ultimate limit state
to the effective depth, x / d lim , is given as,
EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 4
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k1
x
for fck 50 MPa ,
k2
d lim
where 1 , assuming no moment redistribution
k1 1 0.44
x
0.448
k2
1.25
d lim
The normalized section capacity as a singly reinforced beam is given as,
x x
mlim 1 = 0.29417
d lim 2 d lim
The limiting normalized steel ratio is given as,
x
1 1 2mlim = 0.3584
d lim
lim
The normalized moment, m, is given as,
165 106
=
=0.1494 < mlim so a singly reinforced
m 2
230 490 2 1.0 20
bd f cd
beam will be adequate.
= 1 1 2m = 0.16263 lim
f bd
1.0 20 230 490
As cd = 0.1626
=916 sq-mm
400
f yd
Shear Design
The shear force demand is given as,
VEd L / 2 110.0 kN
The shear force that can be carried without requiring design shear reinforcement,
1/3
VRd ,c CRd ,c k 100 1 f ck k1 cp bw d
1/3
VRd ,c 0.12 1.6389 100 0.0 30 0.0 230 490 0 kN
EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 5
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with a minimum of:
VRd ,c vmin k1 cp bd = 0.4022 0.0 230 490 45.3 kN
where,
k 1
200
2.0 = 1.6389
d
AS
0
0.0 0.02
bd 230 490
As = 0 for l at the end of a simply-supported beam as it taken as the tensile
reinforcement at the location offset by d+ldb beyond the point considered.
(EN 1992-1-1:2004 6.2.2(1) Figure 6.3)
cp
N Ed
0.0
Ac
CRd ,c 0.18 / c =0.12
vmin 0.035k 3/2 fck1/2 0.4022
The maximum design shear force that can be carried without crushing of the
notional concrete compressive struts,
VRd ,max cwbzv1 fcd / cot tan
where,
cw 1.0
z 0.9d 441.0 mm
v1 0.6 1 ck 0.528
250
0.5sin 1
vEd
5.33
0.2 f ck 1 f ck / 250
where,
vEd
VEd
0.9761
bw d
EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 6
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21.8 45 , therefore use 21.8
VRd ,max cwbzv1 fcd / cot tan 369 kN
VRd ,max VEd , so there is no concrete crushing.
The required shear reinforcing is,
Asw
VEd
110.0 1e6
249.4 sq-mm/m
s
zf ywd cot 441 460 2.5
1.15
EN 2-2004 Example 001 - 7
