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The Positive Side of Filters: A Summary

The document discusses positive filters, which are linear filters characterized by matrices with nonnegative entries. Positive filters are heavily restricted in performance but are required for charge routing networks (CRNs) due to the underlying physical mechanisms. The paper explores overcoming these limitations by realizing an arbitrary transfer function as the difference of two positive filters. Specifically, it examines whether any arbitrary filter can be implemented as the difference of two positive filters to enable the advantages of CRN technology while avoiding the restrictions of positive filters alone.

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Luca Benvenuti
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73 views2 pages

The Positive Side of Filters: A Summary

The document discusses positive filters, which are linear filters characterized by matrices with nonnegative entries. Positive filters are heavily restricted in performance but are required for charge routing networks (CRNs) due to the underlying physical mechanisms. The paper explores overcoming these limitations by realizing an arbitrary transfer function as the difference of two positive filters. Specifically, it examines whether any arbitrary filter can be implemented as the difference of two positive filters to enable the advantages of CRN technology while avoiding the restrictions of positive filters alone.

Uploaded by

Luca Benvenuti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Transactions

The Positive Side of Filters:


A Summary
by Luca Benvenuti, Lorenzo Farina, and Brian D. O. Anderson
Voff

V off

Vin

Vout

17 CELLS

5 CELLS

CRN

Figure 1. Realizing a
Chebyshev filter using CRNs.

Amplifiers
CLOCK

4-th order lowpass Chebyshev filter with 0.5 dB of ripple in


the passband and cut-off frequency 0.5 times of the sample rate

32

Filtering through Combination of Positive Filters Criteria


Luca Benvenuti, Lorenzo Farina, and Brian D. O. Anderson
AbstractThe linear filters characterized by a state-variable realization given by matrices with
nonnegative entries (called positive filters) are heavily restricted in their achievable performance.
Nevertheless, such filters are the only choice when dealing with the charged coupled device
MOS technology of charge routing networks (CRNs), because nonnegativity is a consequence
of the underlying physical mechanism. In order to exploit the advantages offered by this technology, the authors try to overcome the above-mentioned limitation by realizing an arbitrary
transfer function as a difference of two positive filters.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Part I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, December 1999, pp. 14311440.

Summary
What is the positive side of filters?
Obviously to many, but maybe not all,
we are talking about positivity meaning that of the filter impulse response.
As a matter of fact, the linear filters
characterized by a positive impulse
response (called positive filters), are
heavily restricted in their achievable
performance, e.g. as low-pass filters. In
fact, the most widely used filters
(Butterworth, Chebyshev, etc...) have
no sign limitation on their impulse response. As a consequence, positive filters cannot have arbitrary pole patterns. Nevertheless, positive filters are
the only choice when dealing with a

GUILLEMINCAUER AWARD

Transactions
Transactions

charged coupled device technology


such as Charge Routing Networks
(CRNs). In order to overcome such
limitations the paper considers the possibility of realizing an arbitrary filter
as a difference of two positive filters.
Then the basic question is: Is it always
possible to implement an arbitrary filter as a difference of two positive filters, as for CRNs?
The class of CRN filters, introduced by Gersho and Gopinath at the
Bell Labs in 1979, is based on a family of functional solid-state electronic
devices using MOS technology. More
precisely, a CRN consists of a collection of storage cells, locations where
a packet of charge can be stored and

Im

Im

Re
1

Figure 2. Allowed pole patterns for 2-phase CRNs with 6 and 8 internal cells.

33

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