matters
45 /2014
Politeness
in English
TEK
A
D
O
D
matters
kieszonkowy
poradnik jzykowy
Language Guide
Politeness in English
Dear Readers,
Welcome to the 2nd English Matters language guide! This time we would like to acquaint you with words, phrases and expressions that are
used for exchanging courtesies. In the English language being polite
means much more than just saying thank you, sorry and excuse
me. Very often it requires forming long and complex sentences and
choosing an appropriate word for a specific context. So wed like to
encourage you to read our guide in order to be courteous in an English
way.
to acquaint sb with sth |zaznajomi kogo z czym
to exchange courtesies |wymienia uprzejmoci
appropriate |odpowiedni, stosowny
courteous |uprzejmy
Kieszonkowy poradnik jzykowy jest bezpatnym dodatkiem
do English Matters nr 45 /2014.
Opracowanie: Katarzyna Szpotakowska
Korekta: Graham Crawford
Colorful Media ul. Lednicka 23, 60-413 Pozna
tel. 61 833 63 28,
[email protected]Zdjcie na okadce: Dmitriy Shironosov
English Matters45|2014
Saying Hello!
Greeting
Answer
How do you do?
How do you do?
Hello! How are you?
Fine, thank you. / Very well,
thank you.
Hi! How are things? / Are you
OK? / How are you doing? /
How is everything?
Yeah, fine. / Not too bad, thanks. /
Not so good. / So so.
Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you too. / Its nice to
meet you as well.
Good morning. / Good morning Its apleasure to meet you. /
Sir. / Good morning Madam. /
Pleased to meet you.
Good afternoon. / Good evening.
Good to see you again. / Nice to
see you again. / Im pleased to
see you. / Im happy to see you.
Pleased to see you too.
Whats up?
Really busy, thanks, and you? / Oh,
not much, and you? / Oh, same old
same old. How about you?
How are you doing?
Im alright, and you?
Hey Peter, how have you been?
Very well, thank you. And you?
How have you been?
Pretty good.
Hi Peter, what have you been
up to?
Nothing much.
Its been along time. How are
you man?
Im doing well.
pleasure|przyjemno
English Matters45|2014
Greeting someone you havent seen for awhile.
Its been along time.
Its been too long.
What have you been up to all these years?
Its always apleasure to see you.
How long has it been?
Im so happy to see you again.
How come Inever see you?
Its been such along time.
Long time no see.
Where have you been hiding?
Its been ages since we last met.
Saying Goodbye!
Goodbye!
Farewell!
Have agood day!
Take care!
Bye!
Bye bye!
See you soon!
Later!
See you later!
Talk to you later!
Catch you later!
Ciao!
See you tonight!
It was great to catch up!
Its been lovely to see you.
See you!
how come|jak to jest moliwe?
to hide|chowa si, ukrywa si
farewell |egnaj!
English Matters45|2014
See ya!
Bye for now!
Later, skater!
See you tomorrow!
Have alovely weekend!
Have anice evening!
Ive got to rush off!
Im really sorry, Ive got to dash!
Cheerio!
It was nice meeting you!
Saying Thank You!
Thank you!
Thanks!
Thank you very much!
Thats very kind of you.
Youre so helpful.
Thank you for coming!
Thanks, Iappreciate it.
Thank you for taking the trouble to help me. Ido appreciate it.
Many thanks.
Accepting Thanks
Thats all right!
Youre welcome.
Dont mention it.
Not at all.
Its nothing.
My pleasure.
to rush off|pdzi, lecie
to dash|miga, popdzi
to appreciate sth |docenia co
youre welcome |nie ma za co
English Matters45|2014
Im sorry vs. Excuse Me
Excuse me
Excuse me is aformula that is used to remedy apast or forthcoming violation of asocial rule on the part of the speaker. It is
the expression of the speakers relation to aset of rules. It is used
when asocial rule has been broken or is about to be broken. The
speaker is the person who is responsible for the breach.
Im sorry
Im sorry is used when the speaker is concerned about abreach
of another persons rights or damage to their feelings. The speaker
expresses dismay or regret that another person has suffered. Im
sorry is an expression of sympathy. It puts an emphasis on the
relation between the speaker and the addressee.
Use Excuse me when:
youd like to get someones attention in apolite way
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the town hall?
you do something considered to be rude or embarrassing
Excuse me, Ididnt mean to burp.
youd like to leave somewhere
Excuse me amoment. Ineed to powder my nose.
to remedy sth|naprawia co
forthcoming|nadchodzcy, zbliajcy si
set|zestaw, zbir
breach|naruszenie, pogwacenie
concerned about sth|zaniepokojony czym
damage|uszczerbek, szkoda
dismay|niepokj
sympathy|wspczucie
to put an emphasis on sth|ka nacisk na co
addressee |adresat, odbiorca
town hall|ratusz
embarrassing|wprawiajcy w zakopotanie
English Matters45|2014
you need to interrupt someone
Excuse me, but there is someone waiting for you.
you disagree with someone but would like to be polite
Excuse me, but Inever said you could borrow my car without asking.
youd like someone to repeat what they have just said
Where is the nearest church? Excuse me? Iasked where the
nearest church is?
Use Im sorry when:
you want to emphasize that you wish you hadnt done something
Im sorry, Ididnt mean to break your favourite mug.
you apologize for doing something rude /embarrassing
Sorry, Ishould have let you know Iwasnt coming.
you want to interrupt someone in apolite way
Sorry to interrupt, but where is Mr Clarks office.
you disagree with someone
Im sorry, but Idont think its agood idea.
you ask for repetition
Im sorry, what was the name of the person youre looking for?
Supermarket
Excuse me is appropriate when youre hurriedly making your
way through acrowd of people.
If youd like someone to step aside, use Im sorry.
If you get in someone elses way, then you can use either Im sorry
or Excuse me.
to burp|pot. bekn
mug|kubek
repetition|powtrzenie
hurriedly|szybko, prdko, w popiechu
crowd|tum
to step aside|odsuwa si na bok
to get in sbs way|zachodzi komu drog
English Matters45|2014
Formal vs. Informal
Sometimes Excuse me sounds more formal than Im sorry. For
example:
Im sorry, what did you say?
Excuse me, what did you say?
Pardon
Excuse me and Sorry in some contexts may be replaced with the
word Pardon.
You can use Pardon if you havent understood what the other person has just said and youd like them to repeat it or when your body
makes arude noise and you want to apologise.
Use please when:
you ask for something or youd like someone to do something
Would you help me with my homework, please?
you accept an offer
Would you like some tea? Yes, please.
you emphasize arequest
Sit down, please.
Variations
Im sorry, but
Excuse me, but
Im sorry that
Excuse me for + -ing
Im awfully sorry
Would you please excuse me
Sorry about that
Im sorry to say /report
Im sorry for
Im sorry about
to replace sth with sth|zastpi co czym
English Matters45|2014
Dialogues
A: How are you doing today?
B: Im fine. What about you?
A: Never better, thank you.
A: Hi, how are you doing?
B: Im doing well. How about you?
A: Im pretty good. Thanks for asking.
A: Bye, bye. Have anice evening.
B: Thanks. You, too!
Requests
Iwonder if Imight use your mobile phone.
Ishould /would be grateful if you could /would reply before January 5th.
Ishould /would appreciate it if you could /would reply before April 6th.
Do you think you could open the window?
Could you tell me how much it costs?
Would you mind locking the door when you leave?
Could you please open the door?
Could Ipossibly have another cup of tea?
Would you be so kind as to give me aride home?
Would you mind if Iput off sending you the file till tomorrow?
Is there any chance of you helping me with my luggage?
Would it be awfully inconvenient for you to give me alift home this evening?
How to sound more polite
use the past tense instead of the present tense
Iwondered if you could show me where the post office is.
grateful|wdziczny
to reply|odpowiedzie
to put sth off|przeoy co, odoy co
inconvenient|niedogodny
English Matters45|2014
How many days did you plan to stay?
use progressive verb forms
Iam hoping you can come to my party.
use past progressive forms
Iwas wondering if you could lend me some money.
Excuse me, Iwas wondering if this was the train for London.
use future tenses
Iwill have to ask you to leave.
Will you be staying for Christmas?
use modifying adverbs (possibly, awfully, just)
The Weather
When two Englishmen meet, their first talk is of the weather.
Samuel Johnson
English weather-speak is aform of greeting, the way the English start
aconversation. Contrary to apopular belief, the English are not obsessed
with weather. Conversation about the weather is treated as a simple
greeting, an ice-breaker or filler. The most important rule is then to continue the conversation. It must be areciprocal exchange of ideas. If you
dont want to sound rude, you must always agree with what the person
starting the conversation is saying. Even if you think that it isnt cold,
start your answer by agreeing with the previous speaker and later on add
that you like such weather or that it was colder yesterday.
Ooh, isnt it cold? Yes, although luckily, Itend not to notice the cold
much. Two days ago it was much colder than today, wasnt it?
Nice weather, isnt it?
Beautiful day, isnt it?
Can you believe all of this rain weve been having?
It looks like its going to snow.
contrary to sth|wbrew czemu
reciprocal|wzajemny
previous|poprzedni
10
English Matters45|2014
It sure would be nice to be in Cyprus right about now.
Ihear theyre calling for thunderstorms all weekend.
Bit chilly today, isnt it?
Its nippy, isnt it?
We couldnt ask for anicer day, could we?
How about this weather?
Did you order this sunshine?
Its so perfect outside; not acloud in the sky.
Its really sunny out.
Its really cloudy out there. Iwonder if it will rain today.
Its pretty cloudy outside
Its abit windy today.
Its sweltering!
What adeluge!
Its chucking it down!
Isnt it humid today?
Its been cloudy for aweek now.
Its not raining too hard. Its just drizzling.
Its so hot and humid outside. The air feels really thick and sticky.
Were expecting asnow storm this afternoon.
The roads are really messy. There is alot of slush on the roads
because the snow is melting, so be careful.
Its really sunny today!
Dialogues
A: Isnt it anice day?
B: Yes, it is.
A: It looks like it may rain soon.
B: Ihope it does rain.
A: Yeah, me too.
thunderstorm|burza z piorunami
chilly|chodno
nippy|rzeko
sweltering|duszno, duchota
deluge|potop
its chucking it down|leje jak z cebra
humid|wilgotno
drizzling|mawka
slush|breja
to melt|topnie
11
English Matters45|2014
C: It seems to be clearing up.
D: Yes, Ithink so too.
C: Iwonder if its going to rain today.
Conditionals
Politeness can be expressed via the use of conditionals. In such
acase, will is used after if or inversion is used.
If you will wait for amoment, Ill go and ask the manager.
If you will excuse me, Ineed to bring more plates.
Should you have any questions, do not hesitate to ask.
Beating about the bush
Very often, being polite in the English language means being indirect. For example:
Too direct
Indirect and polite
Dont be late.
We are going to start the party
pretty close to eight oclock.
We wouldnt like the food to get
cold. So, it would be lovely if
we could start on time.
You cant wear jeans.
The party is going to be pretty
formal. So I think the guests
will all dress up.
plate|talerz
to hesitate|zawaha si
to beat about the bush|owija w bawen, mwi ogrdkami
12
English Matters45|2014
Negative politeness
In order to make requests and sound polite, Native Speakers of English try to soften their statements by means of being indirect, using
phrases such as kind of or pretty close, or using impersonalization. For instance:
Were thinking of wearing formal clothes.
Iwas wondering if you could visit us on Friday.
We are going to start pretty close to eight oclock.
Disagreeing politely
Im afraid Idisagree.
Ibeg to differ.
Im not so sure about that.
Not necessarily.
Idont see it that way.
Isee what you mean but Im not at all convinced that
Yes, that may be true, but
Iunderstand what youre saying, but on the other hand ...
Isee what you mean, but
Yes, but on the other hand
Maybe, but dont you think
Ihear what youre saying, but the way Isee it
Irespectfully disagree.
True, but Im afraid Idisagree (with)
Iunderstand what youre saying, but if you ask me, Ithink
Iunderstand where youre coming from, but tend to think that
Irespect your point, but
Perhaps, but Icant help thinking that
Isounds interesting, but
Yes, but
Erm, well
Iknow, but
convinced|przekonany
13
English Matters45|2014
Other phrases used to express politeness
to hope
to seem
perhaps
If you dont mind me saying so.
Iwould prefer it if
do you mind?
Im very grateful
Certainly
Of course
Sure
If Imay say so.
Ibeg your pardon.
Dont mention it.
Not at all.
Exchanging courtesies dialogues
A: Good to see you again.
B: Lovely to see you too.
A: How about joining me and my wife for dinner?
B: Thank you for asking me, but Ive already promised to eat dinner
with my sister.
A: Maybe some other time then.
B: Certainly.
A: Its been lovely to see you.
B: Have agood day. Ciao!
A: Hi Peter, how have you been?
B: Pretty good. Thank you.
A: Was your journey tiring?
B: No, not at all. Surprisingly, the sleeping compartment was very
comfortable.
A: Im glad to hear that. How long did it take you to get here?
B: 10 hours, altogether.
compartment|przedzia
14
English Matters45|2014
A: Ihope youre hungry as weve prepared alavish meal.
B: Cant wait.
A: Would you like something to drink before food is served?
B: Sure. Coffee, please.
A: Hey Joe, Im terribly sorry for being late.
B: No worries. We still have plenty of time to get to the concert on time.
A: Bit chilly today, isnt it?
B: Its been cloudy for aweek now. Ihope it wont be any worse
tomorrow.
A: Mary told me that there were going to be alot of VIPs at the concert.
The event seems to be pretty formal kind of ablack tie event.
B: Oh, Iunderstand. In that case, would you like me to wear atie?
A: If it isnt too much trouble for you.
B: No, not at all.
Idioms with reference to politeness and manners
to mind your Ps and Qs
to make an effort to be polite and on your best behaviour
Always mind your Ps and Qs with Aunt Rose.
to take French leave
to be absent at work without asking for permission or leave
asocial event without saying goodbye to the host;
Is John coming back for dessert or has he taken French leave?
t he done thing
the correct behaviour; the right thing to do
Wearing flamboyant clothes to the office is not the done thing.
to speak out of turn
to intervene when it is not appropriate or to say something
tactless
Whenever Imeet new people, Im afraid of speaking out of turn.
lavish|suty
black tie|oficjalne przyjcie
absent|nieobecny
permission|pozwolenie
host|gospodarz
flamboyant|ekstrawagancki
to intervene|przeszkadza, wpada
w sowo
appropriate|odpowiedni, stosowny
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