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Connections Loaded in Shear and Tension

This document discusses various types of loaded connections, including those loaded in shear, tension, and combinations of shear and tension. It describes eccentric and prying loads and how they increase bolt forces. It provides formulas to calculate bolt forces in connections experiencing separation or with significant preload. It notes that assumptions about connection plate stiffness are required. An interaction curve is presented for combined shear and tension loading. Authoritative sources on bolted connection design criteria are identified. An assignment is given to calculate bolt stresses and factor of safety in a bracket loaded connection.

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199 views13 pages

Connections Loaded in Shear and Tension

This document discusses various types of loaded connections, including those loaded in shear, tension, and combinations of shear and tension. It describes eccentric and prying loads and how they increase bolt forces. It provides formulas to calculate bolt forces in connections experiencing separation or with significant preload. It notes that assumptions about connection plate stiffness are required. An interaction curve is presented for combined shear and tension loading. Authoritative sources on bolted connection design criteria are identified. An assignment is given to calculate bolt stresses and factor of safety in a bracket loaded connection.

Uploaded by

Hammadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Connections Loaded in Shear

and Tension
Lecture 32
Engineering 473
Machine Design

Eccentric Loads

Load Lying in
Shear Plane
Mott, Fig. 20.4

Load Offset from


Shear Plane
Deutschman, Fig. 16-17

Prying Forces
b
f b = Pj
a
f a = f b Pj

fa

fb

Prying in a connection
increases the bolt force.

Prying is a joint
separation phenomena.

a
Exaggerated Deformation
in Joint

Free-Body Diagram

Finite Element Analysis


Showing Joint Deformation

http://river.tay.ac.uk

Separation Example
y
P

(x1 , y1 )
A1

A4

a
A2

A5

A3

A6

x
Preload is not sufficient to prevent separation.

Connections With
Separation
n

P
a

M = Pa = f i d i
i =1

f1 f 2 f i
=
=
d1 d 2 d i
fi =

di

(d i ) f
d1

f1 n 2
M = di
d1 i =1

d i distance from pry point to ith fastener

f1 =

Md1
n

2
d
i
i =1

Connections With
Separation
(Continued)
P
a

Md i
fi =
I
n

I = d 2j
j=1

di
Note that assumptions about the stiffness
of the connection plate are required to
estimate the location of the pry point.

Connections With
Significant Preload
P
a

c.g. of
fastener
group
Compressive Mating
Force Due to Preload

Force Proportionality Point


(AISC Standard Practice)

Connections With
Significant Preload
(Continued)
Bolt Force

f i,ext

Mc i
=
I

Location of C.G.
n

1
y = yi
n i =1

f i,ext axial force in ith fastener due


to external moment.
c i distance from c.g. to ith fastener
I moment of inertia of fastener group
M eccentric moment

Moment of Inertia
n

I xx = (y i y )
i =1

These formulas must be applied for both the x and y-directions if


the connection is eccentrically loaded in both directions.

Connections With
Significant Preload
The total design force in the fastener is the
sum of that from the external load and the
fasteners preload.

f i = f i,ext + f i,pre
This design approach is conservative if no
separation occurs.

Combined Shear and Tension


Interaction Curve
1.0

all


1
+

N fs
all all

all
1.0

Note that just like


fatigue interaction
curves, there are other
interaction curves in
use.

Authoritative Source of
Information
The most extensive research on
bolted connections has been
done by the Civil Engineering
community. The best source for
information contained in
standards may be found in the
Guide to Design Criteria for
Bolted and Riveted Joints.

www.boltcouncil.org/guide1.htm

Assignment

The bracket is to be bolted to a vertical face by means of four


3/8-16UNC-2A SAE Grade 5 bolts. The bolts are preloaded to
90 percent of the proof load. The joint constant, C, is equal to
0.173. Compute the maximum tension stress in the bolts and
identify which bolt(s) in which it will occur. Compute the factor
of safety for the most severely load fastener taking into account
combined tension and shear.

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