ISO
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
27684
First edition
1989-11-15
General
tolerantes
Part 1:
Tolerantes for linear and angular dimensions
individual tolerante indications
Tolhrances
ghhales
without
Partie I : Tolhrances pour dimensions
tolhrances individuelles
fin4aires
et angulaires
non affectdes
de
.
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Reference number
ISO 2768-1 : 1989 (E)
ISO 2768-1 : 1989 (EI
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards bodies (ISO member bedies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International
Limits
Standard ISO 2768- 1 was prepared bY Technical Committee
ISO/TC 3,
and fits.
This first edition of ISO 2768-1, together with ISO 2768-2 : 1989, cancel and replace
ISO 2768 : 1973.
ISO 2768 consists of the following Parts, under the general title General tolerantes:
Part 7 : Tolerantes
tolerante indica tions
for linear
Part 2: Geome trical tolerantes
ca tions
and
angular
dimensions
for fea tures without
Annex A of this part of ISO 2768 is for information
withou t individual
individual
tolerante
indi-
only.
0
ISO 1989
All rights reserved. No patt of this pubiication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in
writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
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ii
ISO27684
:1989 (E)
Introduction
All features on component Parts always have a size and a geometrical shape. For
the deviation of size and for the deviations of the geometrical characteristics (form,
orientation and location) the function of the part requires Iimitations which, when
exceeded, impair this function.
The tolerancing on the drawing should be complete to ensure that the elements of size
and geometry of all features are controlled, i.e. nothing shall be implied or left to judgement in the Workshop or in the inspection department.
The use of general tolera
this prerequisite is met.
for size and geometry simplifies the task of ensuring that
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INTERNATIONAL
General
ISO2768-1 : 1989 (EI
STANDARD
tolerantes
Part 1 I
Tolerantes for linear and angular dimensions
tolerante indications
without
individual _
1 Scope
This part of ISO 2768 is intended to simplify drawing indications and it specifies general tolerantes for linear and angular
dimensions without individual tolerante indications in four tolerance classes.
When selecting the tolerante class, the respective customary
Workshop accuracy has to be taken into consideration. If smaller tolerantes are required or larger tolerantes are permissible
and more economical for any individual feature, such tolerances should be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal dimension(s).
NOTE 1 - The concepts behind the general tolerancing of linear and
angular dimensions are described in annex A.
lt applies to the dimensions of Parts that are produced by metal
removal or Parts that are formed from sheet metal.
NOTES
2 These tolerantes may be suitable for use with materials other than
metal.
3 Parallel International
ISO 80621) for castings.
Standards
exist or are planned, e.g. see
This patt of ISO 2768 only applies for the following dimensions
which do not have an individual tolerante indication :
a) linear dimensions (e-g. extemal sizes, internal sizes,
step sizes, diameters, radii, distances, extemal radii and
chamfer heights for broken edges);
b) angular dimensions, including angular dimensions
usually not indicated, e.g. right angles No), unless reference to ISO 2768-2 is made, or angles of uniform polygons;
c) linear and angular dimensions produced by machining
assembled Parts.
It does not apply for the following
dimensions :
General tolerantes for linear and angular dimensions apply
when drawings or associated specifications refer to this patt of
ISO 2768 in accordance with clauses 4 and 5. If there are general toierances for other processes, as specified in other lnternational Standards, reference shall be made to them on the
drawings or associated specifications.
For a dimension
between an unfinished and a finished surface, e.g. of cast or
forged Patts, for which no individual tolerante is directly indicated, the larger of the two general tolerantes in question
applies, e.g. for castings, see ISO 80621).
ISO 8015 : 1985, Technical drawings cing principle.
b)
4.1
exact dimensions indicated in rectangular
3) ISO 8062 : 1984, Castings -
references
ISO 2768-2 : 1909, General tolerantes - Part 2: Geometrical
tolerantes for features without individual tolerante indications.
c) theoretically
f rames.
Normative
The following Standards contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this patt of
ISO 2768. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to
agreements based on this patt of ISO 2768 are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
a) linear and angular dimensions which are covered by
reference to other Standards on general tolerantes;
auxiliary dimensions indicated in brackets;
General
Fundamental
toleran-
General tolerantes
Linear dimensions
General tolerantes
and 2.
for linear dimensions are given in tables 1
System of dimensional tolerantes.
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ISO 2768-1 : 1989 (EI
4.2
Angular
dimensions
a)
General tolerantes specified in angular units control only the
general orientation of lines or line elements of surfaces, but not
their form deviations.
ISO 2768;
b) the tolerante
ISO 2768.
class in accordance
with this part of
EXAMPLE
The general orientation of the line derived from the actual surface is the orientation of the contacting line of ideal geometCca.l
form. The maximum distance between the contacting tlne and
the actual line shall be the least possible value (sec t;SCI8@WL
ISO 2768-m
The permissible deviations of angular dimen&ons arc given En
table 3.
Unless otherwise stated, workpieces exceeding the general
tolerante shall not lead to automatic rejection provided that the
ability of the workpiece to function is not impaired (sec
clause A.4).
Indications,
en drawings
If general tolerantes in accordance with this pa,rt of ISO 2?68
shall apply, the fdlowing, information shaJI*he, iirtdicated in or
near the title block:
Rejection
Table 1 - Permissible deviations for linear dimensions except for broken
(extemal radii and chamfer heights, see table 2)
edges
Values in millimetres
Tolerante
class
I fine
C
V
1)
over
0,5 1
up to
3
Description
UCIPIYIIa LIUII
Permissible
over
6
up to
30
3
up to
6
+0,05
+0,05
1 Tyr
1 medium
+0,1
+0,1
+0,2
coarse
rt:o,2
r+Io,3
very coarse
*0,5
deviations
over
30
up to
120
for basic size range
over
over
120
up to
up to
1000
over
looo
up to
2666
over
2666
up to
4666
+0,15
f0,2
* 0,3
AI0,5
+0,3
*0,5
rtO,8
kl,2
* 0,5
3~0,8
+1,2
-1:2
+3
+1
kl,5
+2,5
+4
f6
+4
+8
I
I
For nominal sizes below 0,5 mm, the deviations shall be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size(s).
Table 2 -
Permissible
deviations
for broken
edges (external radii and chamfer heights)
Values in millimetres
Tolerante
Designation
1)
class
Description
fine
medium
coarse
very coarse
Designation
deviations for basic size range
over 3 up to 6
over 6
+0,2
rto,5
kl
*0,4
+1
+2
For nominal sizes below 0,5 mm, the deviations shall be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size(s).
Table 3 Tolerante
Permissible
0,511 up to 3
Permissible
class
Description
fine
medium
coarse
very coarse
up to IO
+l
deviations
of angular
dimensions
Permissible deviations for ranges of lengths, in millimetres,
of the shorter side of the angle concerned
over IO up to 50 over 50 up to 120 over 120 up to 400
* 030
It 020
AI 1O30
kl0
f OO30
+3O
+2O
*Io
+olo
+ 05
* 015
Ik OOIO
Ik 030
-t 020
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over 400
ISO27684
:1989 (EI
Annex A
(informative)
Concepts
behind
general
tolerancing
of linear
and angular
dimensions
A.1
General tolerantes should be indicated on the drawing
by reference to this part of ISO 2768 in accordance with
clause 5.
c) the drawing readily indicates which feature tan be produced by normal process capability, which also assists
quality engineering by reducing inspection levels;
The values of general tolerantes correspond to tolerante
classes of customary Workshop accuracy, the appropriate
tolerante class being selected and indicated on the drawing according to the requirement for the components.
d) those dimensions remaining, which have individually indicated tolerantes, will, for the most patt, be those controlling features for which the function requires relatively small
tolerantes and which therefore may require special effort in
the production - this will be helpful for production planning and will assist quality control Services in their analysis
of inspection requirements;
A.2
Above certain tolerante values, there is usually no gain
in manufacturing economy by enlarging the tolerante. For
example, a feature having a 35 mm diameter could be manufactured to a high level of conformance in a Workshop with
customary medium accuracy. Specifying a tolerante of
-t 1 mm would be of no benefit in this particular Workshop, as
the general tolerante values of +0,3 mm would be quite
adequate.
e) purchase and sub-contract
supply engineers tan
negotiate orders more readily since the customary
Workshop accuracy is known before the contract is placed;
this also avoids arguments on delivery between the buyer
and the supplier, since in this respect the drawing is complete.
However, if, for functional reasons, a feature requires a smaller
tolerante value than the general tolerantes, then that feature
should have the smaller tolerante indicated individually adjacent to the dimension defining its size or angle. This type of
tolerante falls outside the scope of general tolerantes.
These advantages
sufficient reliability
exceeded, i.e. when
particular Workshop
tolerantes indicated
In cases where the function of a feature allows a tolerante
equal to or larger than the general tolerante values, these
should not be indicated adjacent to the dimension but should
be stated on the drawing as described in clause 5. This type of
tolerante allows full use of the concept of general tolerancing.
The Workshop should, therefore
There will be exceptions to the rule where the function of the
feature allows a larger tolerante than the general tolerantes,
and the larger tolerante will provide manufacturing economy.
In these special cases, the larger tolerante should be indicated
individually adjacent to the dimension for the particular feature,
e.g. the depth of blind holes drilled at assembly.
A.3
Using general tolerantes
leads to the following
advan-
tages :
a) drawings are easier to read and thus communication
made more effective to the user of the drawing;
are fully obtained only when there is
that the general tolerantes will not be
the customary Workshop accuracy of the
is equal to or finer than the general
in the drawing.
find out by measurements
Workshop accuracy is;
what
its
customary
accept only those drawings having general tolerantes
equal to or greater than its customary Workshop accuracy;
check by sampling that its customary Workshop accuracy does not deteriorate.
Relying on undefined good workmanship with all its uncertainties and misunderstandings is no longer necessary with the
concept of general geometrical tolerantes.
The general
geometrical tolerantes define the required accuracy of good
workmanship.
is
b) the design draughtsman saves time by avoiding detailed tolerante calculations as it is sufficient only to know
that the function allows a tolerante greater than or equal to
the general tolerante;
A.4
The tolerante the function allows is often greater than
the general tolerante. The function of the patt is, therefore, not
always impaired when the general tolerante is (occasionally)
exceeded at any feature of the workpiece. Exceeding the
general tolerante should lead to a rejection of the workpiece
only if the function is impaired.
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ISO 2768-1 : 1989 (EI
UDC
621.753.1 : 744.4
Descriptors
: fundamental tolerantes,
Price based on 3 pages
dimensional tolerantes,
angular toleyances.
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