E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
*Formulas highlighted in yellow are found in the formula list of the exam paper.
Unit Conversion
Area
1km2=1000m1000m
1m2=100cm100cm
=1 000 000m2
=10 000cm2
Volume
1m3=100cm100cm100cm
=1 000 000cm
10
36
km
1 Litre =10000cm3(since 1mg=1cm3)
36
10
Financial Math
Place the Original value
Percentage Increase
Percentage Decrease
Increase
=
100%
Original
Decrease
=
100%
Original
NOT the New value.
Simple Interest
Compound Interest
P-Principal ($)
P R T
I=
100
P+I= P 1 +
100
in the denominator and
I-Interest Amount ($)
R-Interest Rate (%)
T-Time (Years/Months)
n-No. of Periods
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Page 1 of 9
E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Ratio and Proportion
Convert Ratio of Length to
Convert Ratio of Length to
Ls : Length of smaller
Ratio of Area and vice versa
Ratio of Volume and vice versa
object:
Lb :Length of bigger object
( Ls )
2
( Lb )
2
As
Ab
As: Area of smaller object
( Ls ) = Vs
3
( Lb ) Vb
3
Ab :Area of bigger object
Vs: Volume of smaller
object
As
L
= s
Ab Lb
Vb: Volume of bigger
Vs
L
= s
3V
Lb
b
object
To convert Areas to
Volume and vice versa,
first convert to Length.
Direct Proportion
Inverse Proportion
y = kx
k
y=
x
Always find constant (k)
first. Then find x by
y = kx 2
y=
y=k x
substituting known values
of k and y Or find y by
substituting known values
k
x2
y=
of k and x.
k
x
Speed
=
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Distance Travelled is the Area
UNDER the speed /time graph
Page 2 of 9
E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Indices
a m bm =( a b )
x a xb =
x a +b
xa
= x a b
b
x
am a
=
bm b
Base same Power add
Power same Base multiply
Base same Power minus
Power same Base divide
(x )
= x ab Different from x a xb =
x a +b
x0 = 1
xa =
1
xa
1
= xa
a
x
a b
xa
yb
x a y b =
1
b
x
y
b
x=
(a + b)
1
b
=( a + b ) (a + b)
2
b
x=
x1
=a + 2ab + b
2
x = b xa
1
=
1
b
x
y
=
x
a
b
x = x
b
(a b)
=( a b ) (a b)
=a 2ab + b
2
1
=
a
b
x
xa
a 2 b 2 = (a + b)(a b)
Note (a b) 2 a 2 b 2
a 3 + b3
a 3 b3
=(a + b)(a 2 2ab + b 2 )
=(a b)(a 2 + 2ab + b 2 )
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E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Coordinate Geometry
Linear Graph
m= gradient
Y= m x + c
c= y-intercept (point on the graph that
intersects the y-axis)
Gradient(m) =
y2 y1
x2 x1
Mid-point of a line
= (
Distance between two points
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
,
)
2
2
( x2 x1 ) 2 + ( y2 y1 ) 2
Polygons
Sum of interior angles of an n-sided polygon.
Each interior angle of an n-sided polygon.
(n 2) 1800
(n 2) 180o
n
Sum of exterior angles of an n-sided polygon
= 360
Each exterior angle of an n-sided polygon
3600
=
n
Arc Length, Sector and Segment
Arc Length
(s) =
0
3600
2 r (Degree) Or S= r
(Radian)
Area of Sector
0
360
r 2 (Degree) Or
1 2
r (Radian)
2
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Page 4 of 9
E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Mensuration
Circles
Area = r 2 Circumference = 2 r or d
Trapezium
1
Perimeter = w + x + y + z Area= ( x + y ) h
2
Parallelogram
Perimeter = 2y+2z Area= y z
Cylinder
Total Surface Area = 2 r 2 + 2 r h
(close cylinder)
Total Surface Area = r 2 + 2 r h
(open cylinder)
Volume = r 2 h
Cone
Total Surface Area = r l + r 2
1
Volume = r 2 h
3
l=slant height
h=vertical height
Note the difference
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Page 5 of 9
E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Pyramid
Total Surface Area = Sum of 4 triangles + base
1
Volume = A h
3
A=base area
Sphere
Total Surface Area = 4 r
Volume =
4
r3
3
Hemisphere (half-sphere)
Total Surface Area = 2 r + r
2
Volume
2
r3
3
Properties of Circle
Angle at Centre =Twice
(c
Angle at Circumference
Angles in the Same
Segment
a=a
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Page 6 of 9
E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Angle in a Semi-circle =90
Angles in Opposite Segment
=180
a+c=180
b+d=180
Exterior angle of a cyclic
quadrilateral
b=p
Trigonometry
TanB =
OppSide( DE )
AdjSide( EB )
(TOA)
CosB =
AdjSide( EB )
HypSide( DB)
(CAH)
SinB =
OppSide( DE )
HypSide( DB )
(SOH)
Pythagoras Theorem 2 = 2 + 2
2 = 2 + 2
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Page 7 of 9
E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Area of Triangle =
1
a b SinC
2
a
b
c
Sine Rule = =
SinA SinB SinC
Cosine Rule c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab CosC
Matrix
a1
A1 + A2 =
c1
b1 a2
+
d1 c2
a + a
= 1 2
c1 + c2
b2
d2
a1
A1 A2 =
c1
b1 + b2
d1 + d 2
b1 a2
d1 c2
a a
= 1 2
c1 c2
b2
d2
b1 b2
d1 d 2
1 a b
A k = 1 1
k c1 d1
a b
kA=
k 1 1
c1 d1
a1
k
=
c1
k a1 k b1
=
k c1 k d1
b1
k
d1
Probability
Pr obability =
NumberOfSuccessfulOutcome
TotalNumberOfOutcomes
OR
Success
Success + Failure
If the probability of A AND B occurs , then P(A) X P(B)
If the probability of A OR B occurs , then P(A) + P(B)
If the probability of A AND B NOT occurring , then 1- ( P(A) X P(B))
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Page 8 of 9
E-Math Formula List-Math (4016)
Probabilty must be 0 P(X) 1.
If Probability (P) = 0, it means that there is NO CHANCE of success.
If Probability (P) = 1 it means that success is CERTAIN.
Statistics
Ungroup Data
Mean( X ) =
Group Data
SumOfAllDataValues
NumberOfData
Mean( X ) =
fx
f
Where f is the frequency of EACH GROUP and x is the MidValue of the Group.
=
Median = (
1
( + 1)
4
n is the Total Frequency.
n +1
)th Term
2
*The formula gives the term i.e. the
POSITION of the value and NOT the
3
( + 1)
4
actual value.
Ungroup Data - Standard Deviation ()
=
(x X )
f
or
x
n
X2
x is the value of data.
X is the mean
Group Data - Standard Deviation ()
f (x X )
f
or =
fx
f
fx
means the Total frequency
END
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