Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
1. Introduction
Rational use of drugs requires access to objective drug information.
Health professionals need a good understanding of the therapeutic
action, the possible hazards and the cost of drugs they prescribe; the
publics need to know the do's and don'ts of self-medication and the
general principles of drug use and storage. Drug information is
disseminated among others through bulletins, posters and brochures.
Considering the need for disseminating drug information, the Drug
Administration and Control Authority (DACA) has been providing
objective, unbiased, and up-to-date drug information through bulletin,
posters, brochures and radio. The bulletins were prepared in Amharic
and English language, under the Title "DRUG INFORMATION
BULLETIN" and " ZENA MEDHANIT". These were prepared and
distributed to health professionals quarterly. Posters and brochures were
prepared & distributed and information on the use of drugs was
delivered to the public through radio.
However, the above activities were not carried out in an organized way
through well-established Drug Information Center. And the absence of
task-oriented guideline has added to this problem. This was why some
of the activities were lacking continuity.
Because of this it has been shown from field experience that, the gap of
information exchange between the health professionals and the
Authority, among health professionals and between the public are far
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
from being narrowed. Certain activities, like the preparation and
distribution of essential drug formulary for health stations, health
centers & district hospitals and STG for different level of health
facilities, the preparation of posters and brochures on the rational use of
narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, conducting of training on
drug selection and quantification on essential drugs formulary, seminars
on rational drug use, delivery of information on rational drug use
through radio in Amharic and Oromifa language, among others, were
used to narrow the gap.
Recognizing the significance of providing such drug information to the
public and health professionals in an organized way for promoting
rational drug use, it is planned to strengthen those activities and also
provide new services.
In order to organize these activities strengthening the national Drug
Information Center and establishing satellite centers is imperative. This
guideline is prepared on this background.
2. Objective of the guideline
2.1 General Objective
This guideline intends:
To establish and operate drug information center
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
2.2 Specific Objectives
To define the minimum requirements for establishing Drug
Information Center (DIC) at different levels.
To guide in recognizing the importance of monitoring and
evaluation in maintaining the quality of drug information
disseminated.
To serve as a guide for the centers in accomplishing the task they
are entrusted in
3. Scope
This guideline focuses on the establishment and operation of DIC at
national, regional, hospital and health center level.
4. Definitions
Drug: means any substance or mixture of substances or medical
equipments or supplies, used for human and animal health care (i.e.
diagnosis, treatment mitigation or preventions of diseases or
symptoms) including poisons, narcotics & psychotropic substance,
chemicals, blood and blood products, vaccines, sera, radio-active
pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical cosmetics and sanitary products.
Drug Information Center: - A unit designed for receiving,
collecting, analyzing, and providing unbiased, accurate and up-todate information about drugs and their use.
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
Drug information Service: The activities, function and projects
through which centers achieve their objectives and which constitute
their programs of work.
Health Institution: means a Hospital or Health center
5. Purpose of Drug Information Center
To provide comprehensive, objective and evaluated information
on drugs with a view to enhancing the rational use of drugs.
To disseminate technical, scientific & objective information to
health care providers.
To disseminate appropriate drug information to the general
public
To generate, collect, analyze and maintain drug information
data
To design produce and distribute drug information materials
To give appropriate information on toxicology and poisoning
6. Establishment
Drug Information Centers will be established at national level in
DACA, at regions in Regional Health Bureaus and at Hospitals and
Health centers.
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
7. Organization
A National DIC will be organized under the planning and drug
information establishment and distribution department of DACA.
Regional DIC will be organized under the appropriate pharmacy related
department based on structural organization of the RHB .
And a health institution DIC will be organized under the pharmacy
Department of the Health Institution.
7.1. Personnel
At National Level
Staff members of the planning and drug information establishment and
distribution department of DACA will run the national DIC. The staff
members shall comprise pharmacists with formal training on clinical
use of drugs or clinical based experience and a physician.
At Regional Level
The regional DIC will be managed by a group/committee, which
comprises a pharmacist, physician and IEC officer or a focal person.
The pharmacist will be the chairperson of the group/committee.
At Health Institution Level
The health institution DIC will be coordinated by the pharmacy
department.
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
The drug information officers (trained physician and pharmacist)
will closely work with the Drugs and Therapeutics Committee
(DTC) and in consultation with specialists.
7.2. Facilities
The Drug information Center:
Shall have its own office with adequate size and furniture.
Shall have a direct telephone line and Internet access.
Shall be equipped with computer, the required software and
necessary reference materials.
8. Tasks
8.1 The National DIC shall accomplish the following
tasks:
A) Developing
and
distribution
of
Educational
and
informational materials:
It shall prepare, publish and distribute quarterly drug
information bulletins targeting the general public and health
professionals.
It shall prepare publish and distribute newsletter, brochures, and
posters as needed which is appropriate to the target.
It shall prepare, publish and distribute formularies, textbooks
and other reference materials.
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
B) Education and Training:
It shall provide education on drugs to the target audience
(health professionals and consumers) using/through mass media
and educational materials.
It shall provide education on how to improve rational
prescribing and dispensing practices and the use of individual
drugs of categories of drugs.
It
shall
organize
trainings
and
continuing
education
programmers on drug information, to health professionals.
It shall train drug information officers to work in the other
levels.
C) Conduct Research and/or participate in drug utilization
studies:
It shall conduct on its own or in collaboration with others in
carrying out drug utilization studies.
It shall periodically assess the needs in drug information and
the design and value of drug information materials.
D) Supporting and Supervising:
It shall support other DICs through provision of bulletins, CDs,
references and printed materials.
It shall conduct supportive monitoring and evaluation on other
DICs.
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
e. Qualit
y
Assur
ance
The center should maintain and provide a high standard quality
of drug information services.
The center shall adhere, in quality assurance program, to the
following:
o
Assessment and identification of problems
Implementation of solution
Monitoring and evaluation of solutions
Documentation and dissemination of results
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
f.
Selecti
on of
Drug
infor
matio
n and
Drug
infor
matio
n
Sourc
e:
The center shall develop and maintain an effective and efficient
system for handling the different sources of information, such
as textbooks, journals, magazines, bulletins, and abstracts.
The center shall evaluate data and commercial claims and
abstract as well as present the information effectively.
The center shall select drug information which are:
o
Understandable by the users
Relevant to the target audience
Independent and unbiased
Not having motive for promotion
Complete, objective and based on scientific grounds
only.
Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
g. Ethica
l
Provis
ion of
Drug
infor
matio
n:
The information provided should not be conflicting between the
needs of the audience and legal or public health consideration.
The information provided should not violate the relationship
between the Prescriber/Dispenser and the patient. Rather it
should strengthen the relationship between the two.
The center shall not give information on chemical entities
whose therapeutic merits are not yet provide and not released to
the market for public consumption.
Shall provide drug information for medico-legal cases.
The center shall provide independent information and without
having in advertising a particular product for commercial
purposes, in the provision of drug information.
The center shall provide reliable, accurate, up-to-date
information in sustainable manner, which should be supported
by references/literatures.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
H) Collaboration with regional, institutional and international
centers
The national DIC shall coordinate information resources and
cooperate with regional and health institution DICs to avoid
unnecessary duplication and to provide extensive coverage of
the literature.
The national DIC shall make all the necessary efforts to keep
contacts between regional, health institution DICs and potential
international centers to receive drug information bulletins and
other publications.
The national DIC shall make efforts and request to exchange
experiences on the provision of drug information between
regional, health institution DICs and international centers.
I) Answering enquires
The center shall answer drug related enquiries coming from
health professionals and general public from any part of the
country.
Answers given to public enquiries should be handled in
conjunction with treating physician and results should be
followed up by the center
J) Monitoring and evaluation
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
It shall monitor and evaluate the status of drug information
services of the centers at RHBs & federal health institution
level.
8.2. Tasks of the Regional Drug Information Center
i. Developing
and
distribution
of
Educational
and
Informational
materials
It shall distribute the bulletins, posters and brochures received
from the national DIC.
It shall prepare, publish and distribute a newsletter, brochures,
posters and other educational materials as needed, in the
language appropriate to the target.
ii. Education
and
Training
It shall provide education on drugs to the target audience
through local mass media and educational materials.
It shall give education on how to improve rational prescribing
and dispensing practices and the use of drugs for professionals
working in the region.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
It shall organize trainings and continuing education programs
on drug information to health professionals.
It shall train drug information officers to work in the other
level.
It shall make available reference materials in health institutions
iii. Conduct
Research
and/or participate in
Drug
utilization
studies
It shall coordinate and/or conduct research on drug utilization.
It shall conduct research on drug information needs and design
and value of drug information materials.
iv. Selection
of
information
Drug
Drug
and
information
Sources
The center shall develop and maintain an effective and efficient
system for handling the different sources of information, such
as textbooks, journals, magazines, bulletins, and abstracts.
The center shall evaluate data and abstract as well as present the
information effectively.
The center shall select drug information which
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
Understandable by the users
Relevant to the target audience
Independent and unbiased
Not having motive for promotion
Complete, objective and based on scientific
grounds only.
v. Quality Assurance
The center should maintain and provide a high standard quality
of drug information services.
The center shall adhere, in quality assurance program, to the
following:
o
Assessment and identification of problems
Implementation of solution
Monitoring and evaluation of solutions
Documentation and dissemination of results
vi. Ethical Provision of
Drug information
The information provided should not be conflicting
between the needs of the audience and legal or public
health consideration.
The
information
provided
should
not
violate
the
relationship between the prescriber/Dispenser and the
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
patient. Rather it should strengthen the relationship between
the two.
The center shall not give information on chemical entities
whose therapeutic merits are not yet provide and not
released to the market for public consumption.
The center shall provide independent information and
without having in advertising a particular product for
commercial purposes, in the provision of drug information.
The center shall provide reliable, accurate, up-to-date
information in sustainable manner, which should be
supported by references/literatures.
Shall provide drug information for medico-legal cases
vii. Collaboration
with
national, institutional
and
international
centers
The regional DICs shall coordinates information resources
and cooperate with each other and national center to avoid
unnecessary duplication and to provide extensive coverage
of the literature.
The regional DICs shall make all the necessary efforts to
keep contacts between them, national center and potential
international centers to receive drug information bulletins
and other publications.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
The centers shall make efforts and request to exchange
experiences on the provision of drug information between
them, national and international centers.
viii. Answering enquires
The center shall answer drug related enquiries coming from
health professionals and general public from any part of the
country.
ix. Monitoring
and
evaluation
It shall monitor and evaluate the status of drug information
service of the centers at institutional level.
8.3. Tasks of the Health institution Drug Information
Center
A) Developing
and
distribution
of
educational
and
informational materials
It shall distribute the bulletins, posters and brochures received
from the national and /or regional drug information center.
It shall prepare, publish and distribute a newsletter, brochures
and posters as needed in the language appropriate to the target.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
B) Education and training
It shall organize educational and training program in
consultation with the Drug and therapeutics committee,
regional and national DIC and other supportive organizations
aiming at improving rational prescribing and dispensing
practices and the use of drugs.
It shall make available reference materials in the health
institutions.
C) Conduct research and /or participate in drug utilization
studies
It shall conduct on its own and/or collaborates with the regional
or national DIC on drug utilization studies.
Shall conduct research on drug information needs and design
and value of drug information materials.
D) Selection of Drug information and Drug information Source
The center shall develop and maintain an effective and efficient
system for handling the different sources of information, such
as textbooks, journals, magazines, bulletins, and abstracts.
The center shall evaluate data and abstract as well as present the
information effectively.
The center shall select drug information which
Understandable by the users
Relevant to the target audience
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
Independent and unbiased
Not having motive for promotion
Complete, objective and based on scientific
grounds only.
E) Quality Assurance
The center should maintain and provide a high standard quality
of drug information services.
The center shall adhere, in quality assurance program, to the
following:
o
Assessment and identification of problems
Implementation of solution
Monitoring and evaluation of solutions
Documentation and dissemination of results
F) Ethical provision of drug information
The information provided should not be conflicting between the
needs of the audience and legal or public health consideration.
The information provided should not violate the relationship
between the Prescriber/Dispenser and the patient. Rather it
should strengthen the relationship between the two.
The center shall not give information on chemical entities
whose therapeutic merits are not yet provide and not released to
the market for public consumption.
Shall provide drug information for medico-legal cases.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
The center shall provide independent information and without
having in advertising a particular product for commercial
purposes, in the provision of drug information.
The center shall provide reliable, accurate, up-to-date
information in sustainable manner, which should be supported
by references/literatures.
vii. Collaboration with
national,
and
regional
international
centers
The health institution DICs shall coordinates information
resources and cooperate with each other, regional and
national center to avoid unnecessary duplication and to
provide extensive coverage of the literature.
The regional DICs shall make all the necessary efforts to
keep contacts between them, regional, national center and
potential international centers to receive drug information
bulletins and other publications.
The centers shall make efforts and request to exchange
experiences on the provision of drug information between
them, regional, national and international centers.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
H) Answering enquiries
The center shall answer drug related enquires coming from
health professionals in the health institution and the general
public.
I) Monitoring and evaluation
It shall monitor and evaluate the status of drug information
service of its center.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
Annex I: Drug Information Services &
Clients Category
The drug information request received from clients or drug information
provided to audience is categorized as follows: i.e. by drug information
clients and/or category of the drug information classification:
Drug Information clients by category
Health professionals
Researcher
Regulatory body
General public
Drug Information Category
General product information
Therapeutic efficacy
Pharmaceutical Information
Indication
Side effects/Adverse effects
Contraindication
Drug interaction
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
Toxicology
Drug dosing (both adult, child)
Special precautions
Drug use in childhood, pregnancy, lactation, old age, and
disease conditions
Rational drug use
Drug supply management
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
Annex 2: General Information Sources
USP DI, Vol. I for health professionals and Vol. 2 for Patients
Martindale, The extra Pharmacopoeia
Pharmacotherapy- A pathophysiology approach
Drug Facts & Comparisons, sewester, U.S.A
Drug Interaction, stockly, Cambridge
Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation, Briggs U.S.A
Current Therapeutics, Herfinder
The Merck Manual
Oxford Textbook of medicine vol. 1 & 2
Harrisons Principle of Internal Medicine Vol. 1 & 2 and
others.
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
Annex3: National, International &
Independent Journals and Bulletins:
Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal
Ethiopian Medical Journal
Ethiopian Journal of Health Development
American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy or American Journal of
Health System Pharmacy
British Medical Journal
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal of American Pharmaceutical Association
Journal of American Medical Association
New England Journal of Medicine
Lancet
Australian Prescriber
The British National Formulary
East African Medical Journal
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Guideline For The Establishment and Operation Of A DIC
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