0% found this document useful (0 votes)

426 views135 pages

1StateofNature PDF

Uploaded by

sdiaman

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

426 views135 pages

1StateofNature PDF

Uploaded by

sdiaman

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STATE OF NATURE REPORT

2006 - 2007
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
AND SPATIAL PLANNING

KOSOVO
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY

AKMM
137

Kosovo EnvironmEntal ProtEction agEncy

Kosovo Institute for Nature Protection

Kosovo EnvironmEntal ProtEction agEncy

Kosovo Institute for Nature Protection

state of Nature rePort

2006 - 2007

STATE OF NATURE REPORT

2006 - 2007

Prishtin 2008

Dear reader,
Nature benevolent...

uman kind and nature have cohabited harmonically

since the prehistory, by being always integrated
parts of the same entirety. Many generations of
human kind have survived by using the nature goods and
by using them properly and rationally. Forests, pastures,
water resources, animals and plants have played important
role in economic, social and welfare development of human
society.
Unfortunately, the nowadays generations, more then
ever before are impacting the nature ecological balance
in our planet. Deforestation, habitats fragmentation and uncontrolled use of
natural resources are some of activities with long-term consequences which are
evident and cause irreparable damages to nature. Like never before, the number
of disappeared species and threatened species is becoming alarming indicator.
Decrease of water resources, global warming and debacle of polar glacier are
some of trends we are feeling in every part of the globe.
Besides the fact that nowadays generations have to meet their needs, it is a moral
obligation for us to let to our descendants as rich nature and biodiversity as we
received by our predecessors
It is up to us to think about the perspective of coming generations and it is in our
hand to decide about the fate of many threatened species. Therefore, we have to
have in our mind, it is the deadline to orient our activities toward nature protection
in order to secure the future of our planet.
Even though the biodiversity conservation is considered to be one of greatest
challenges we are facing out today, we have to bear in our mind, every living specie
has its importance and its right to exists as much as human kind has.
Kosovo, even though a small country in the global map, it is characterized with
rich nature, landscapes and biodiversity. As elsewhere in the world, our natural
heritage is under the permanent pressure from unplanned and uncontrolled use
of natural resources.
In order to prevent future nature degradation our intention is to intensify our
efforts for conservation of our natural heritage values. By making effective policies
on nature protection, by increasing the number of protected areas, by improving
the management of protected areas, by protecting rare animal and plant species,
by protecting forests we fulfill our obligation to secure a sustainable environment
and life for current and future generations.
Ilir Morina,
Executive Chief of KEPA
3

Introduction
This report is prepared by Kosovo Institute for Nature Protection aiming to inform
Kosovos public and institutions with the state of nature.
During the postwar period, the Kosovo Institute for Nature protection has
continuously monitored the state of nature, in particular protected areas and
biodiversity. Reports have shown problems in the field and measures to overtake
this situation are proposed.
One of major activities was to recognize and evident new areas with potential
to be protected and proceeding to put them under legal protection. Recognition
of new nature values is completed for 16 Kosovo municipalities and over 200
potential areas for protection are evidenced.
During years 2006/2007, about 24 new nature areas are added to the register of
protected areas, by increasing the number of protected areas in 75 (46 437 ha),
which represents 4.25 % of Kosovo territory.
Development of many different activities in the nature as: enlargement of
settlements, development of mountainous tourism, installing industrial and
hotelier establishments, forests cutting and other activities very often are made
without respecting sustainability criteria and threatened the protected areas and
biodiversity. The habitats fragmentation, ecosystems degradation, threatening
species etc, were also some of major concerns evident in protected areas as: the
only national park in Kosovo Mali Sharr, Bjeshkt e Nemuna, Mirusha park,
Grmia park etc.
Except activities on nature protection made by national institutions, international
initiatives for nature protection were present in Kosovo during this period as well.
The project for identifying the potential areas for the network Natura 2000
and projects for cross borders protected areas are some of initiatives which are
supported by MESP.
This report contains over 100 pictures, 17 tables, 13 maps, 5 graphs, which intend
to present the real state of nature and trends which show the increasing impact of
human activities in the nature.
Also this report contains recommendations for overcoming the evidenced
problems.
5

Index of Abbreviations
EEA
EAR
KTA
KEPA
KFA
EU
KCB
CITES
KSA
FAO
GIS
KINP
KHMI
NIPH
IUCN
KOG
KK
KFOR
MESP
MBPZHR
MTI
NGO
GMO
KEAP
NP
KES
KPC
UNDP
UNESCO
EIA
SEA

European Environmental Agency

European Agency for reconstruction
Kosovo Trust Agency
Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency
Kosovo Forestry Agency
European Union
Kosovo Consolidated Budget
Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species
Kosovo Statistical Agency
Food and Agriculture Organization
(Geographical Information System
Kosovo Institute for Nature protection
Kosovo Hydro Meteorological Institute
National Institute of Public Health
International Union of Nature Conservation
Kosovo Official gazette
Municipal Assembly
NATO Mission in Kosovo
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning
Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Rural Development
Ministry of Trade and Industry
Non Governmental Organization
Genetically Modified Organisms
Kosovo Environmental Action Plan
National Park
Kosovo Environmental Strategy
Kosovo Protection Corps
United Nations Development Program
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
Environmental Impact Assessment
Strategic Environmental Assessment

Brief Background of Nature Protection

First steps for nature and environment protection in Kosovo are recorded since the
end of 60es, even though initiatives for putting certain nature values under legal
protection were undertaken much time earlier. In 1968 is established the Unit for
Nature Protection within Kosovo Authority for Protection of Culture Monuments.
In 1974 is taken a decision for separating the unit of nature protection from the
Authority for Protection of Cultural Monuments and the Authority for nature
Protection is established1. This authority continued functioning with the same
name according to the law for establishing the Kosovo Authority for Nature
Protection2.
In 1988, the Kosovo Assembly adopted the law for nature values protection and
development3, where the article 78 paragraph 2 of this law describes the activities
of this authority. One year later, the Kosovo Assembly adopts the law for Kosovo
Authority for Nature and Environment Protection4.
After the war in Kosovo new political circumstances were created, where all
legislative and executive power is passed to UNMIK (regulation 1999/1). In the
year 2000, the ex authority for Nature and Environment Protection is registered in
Interim Administration of United Nations in Kosovo by the name Kosovo Institute
for Nature and Environment Protection with its headquarters in Prishtina.5
In May 2000, the Department for Environment Protection is established, and
within it following institutions are subordinated: Kosovo Institute fort Nature and
Environment Protection, Kosovo Hydro-meteorological Institute and the authority
of National Park Mali Sharr.
After the national election (2001) and establishment of governmental institutions
of Kosovo, the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning is created6. The
Ministry is responsible for making policies, laws and monitoring of them as well
as other activities related to the environment, including management of water
resources, land use and biodiversity. Currently the KINP functions within Kosovo
Environmental Protection Agency.

1 Decision for establishment of Section for Nature protection (GZK. 42/74)

2 Law for establishment of Regional Authority for Nature Protection (GZK. 15/81)
3 Law for Protection and Development of Natural Values (GZK 39/88)
4 Law for Kosovo Authority for Nature and Environment Protection (GZKnr. 38/89)
5 Number of register of 80156359, date 14.08.00) with the name Kosovo Institute for
Nature and Environment Protection
6 Establishment of MESP (Reg. 2001/19 and 2002/5).

Goals of Nature Conservation

The nature conservation, sustainable use of natural resources and goals of nature
protection are based mainly in the law of nature protection. They are described
as follows:

Protection,Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources and

renewable resources of nature
Revitalization of damaged areas of nature or its parts and compensation for
damages
Preservation and restoration of ecological balance of nature
Setting up the planning, management, inventory, monitory, information and
financing systems for nature protection
Achieving the goals that are set up in nature protection policies
Promoting the sustainable use of nature resources and decreasing the threat
toward flora and fauna species in particular for important species as rare and
threatened species and their habitats
Providing the public with information and ensuring the public participation
in the field of nature protection
Enabling the citizens a healthy environment , safe areas for recreation and
tourist and scientific purposes
Ensure the biodiversity conservation through protecting natural habitats of
important flora and fauna species
Setting up national standards for nature protection which are compatible
with EU standards.

I.
Protected Areas
9

1. Classification of protected areas

Classification of protected areas is made by the law for nature protection (Reg.
2006/22)
A protected area of nature is an area designated with the aim to protecting the
biodiversity, landscapes, natural characteristics and cultural heritage; and for
offering the effective management through juridical means and others.
According to this law protected areas are:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.

Strict nature reserve a protected area mainly designed for scientific

purposes.
National Park a protected area mainly designed for ecosystem
protection and for recreation purposes.
Natural Monument mainly designed for conservation of specific
natural characteristics
Area of managed habitats or protected species - a designed area aiming
to protect a habitat or a specie
Protected landscape an area designed for protecting landscapes
Protected area of natural resources a designated area aiming to prohibit
unsustainable use of natural resources in natural ecosystems.

The categorization of protected areas in the law for nature protection is made
according to the IUCN7 (The World Conservation Union).

2. Nature Protected areas

The nature protection through protected areas is an important legal tool that
enables protecting the values of natural heritage and biodiversity. The national
network of protected areas is consisted by 75 nature areas with the total surface
46 437 ha (4.25 % of Kosovo territory). The largest surface of protected areas has
the national park Mali Sharr. The main protected areas are: 11 Nature reserves
(Bifurcation in Nerodime river, Arnenit reserve, Maja e Ropsit, Rusenica,
etc.), 1 National park (Mali Sharr), 59 Natural Monuments (The spring of Drinit
i Bardh, Cave in Gadime, Rugova Canyon, Fshajts Bridge, Old Trees, etc.),
2 Nature Regional Parks (Grmia and Mirusha) and 2 Forestry parks (Pishat e
Deanit and Rahavani). (tab.1& 2).
Proposed areas for protection are 195, including Bjeshkt e Nemuna proposed
to be declared a national park.
7 IUCN(The World Conservation Union)

Table 1. Nature Protected areas

Name

Nr. Of areas

Surface /ha

11
7
2
2
1
59
4
10
5
36
3
1
2
2
75

847

Nature reserves
Plants
Animals
Special
National Park
Nature monument
Speleological
Hydrologic
Geomorphologic
Botanic
Memorial
Museum of crystals in Stantrg
Regional Park
Forestry Park
Total

2
3

4
5

39.000
4.874

1. 681
35
46.437

Figura 1. Kronologjia e shpalljes s zonave t mbrojtura

13
12

11
10

9
8

3
2

1
0

2
1
0

1953 1955 1957 1959 1960 1961 1963 1968 1969 1970 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1982 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1999 2006 2007

Instituti i Kosovs pr Mbrojtjen e Natyrs

Table 2. List of Protected areas

Description

1. Maja e Ropsit

Dean

1955

Plant reserve of molika, fir-tree, pine, and

beech

2. Gubavci

Pej

1959

Plant reserve of endemic-relict specie

Forsythia europeae

3. Maja e arnenit

Prizren

1960

Plant reserve of Bosnian pine (Pinus

heldreichii).

4. Gazimestan

Prishtin

1953

Plant reserve of Scarlet Paeony (Paeonia

decora Anders )

5. Kozhnjeri

Dean

150

1955

Animal reserve of wild goat (Rupicapra

rupicapra L.)

6. Oshljaku

Prizren

1960

Plant reserve of endemic-relict specie

Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii).

7. Malet e Prelepit

Dean

0.92

1963

8. Rusenica

Therand

300

1955

Animal reserve Lynx lynx L.

9. Bifurcation in
Nerodime river

Ferizaj

1979

Special nature reserve. A unique phenomena

in Europe. High educative, scientific and
tourist values

10. Pisha e madhe

Prizren

1960

Plant reserve of endemic-relict specie

Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii).

11. Kamilja

A l b a n i k
-Leposaviq

228

1988

Special nature reserve Calcareous hill

kamiljawith paleontological features

Prizren,
Suharek,
Kaanik,
Shtrpc

values.

Therand -

10. 03, 35
1983

III

Hydrological, geo-morphological and

landscape values

6. Water flow of river

Mirusha 1

Klin

1. 93, 94

7. The spring of mineral

water Dresnik

11. Spring in Shakovic

Podujev

1. 40,54

1988

III

Nature monument with hydrological values

12. Canyon on river Klina

Klin

1.204,94,49

1985

III

13. Rugova canyon

Pej

4. 301,05,49

1985

14. Canyon of Drinit

iBardh river nex to
Fshajts bridge

Gjakov,

73.86,47

Rahovec

A complex nature monument with geomorphological, hydrological and botanic

values.
Geological, hydrological, landscape,
speleological and botanic values

1986

III

Nature monument with hydrological, geomorphological values

1959

III

Nature monument with botanic , educative

scientific and culture values

1957

III

Nature monument with botanic values

124.6,09

15. Oriental Plane

(Platanus orientalis)

Prizren

16. Mulberry (Morus sp.)

Pej

values

3, ari

00.02.11

24. Oak tree in Zllakuan

(Quercus cerris)
25. Turkish oak tree in
Potr i ult (Quercus
sp.)
26. Elm tree in abiq
(Ulmus minor Muller)
[Link] oak in Brkov
(Quercus sp)
28. Turkish oak in
Dumnic e Poshtme
(Quercus cerris)
29. Turkish oak in Polat
(Quercus cerris)
30. Aspen tree in Orllan
(Populus tremula)
31. Turkish oak tree in
Dobratin (Quercus
cerris)
32. Maja e zez (Black
peak

Klin

1985

III

Nature monument with botanic and tourist

values

Klin

1985

III

Nature monument with botanic values

Klin

1985

III

Nature monument with botanic values

Klin

1985

III

1988

III

35. Minerals crystals

Stantrg,
Mitrovic

1970

III

Conserved minerals and crystals in the

museum of Stan- trg.

36. Common oak trees

(Nekovc)

Drenas

5. ari

2006

III

Nature monument with geo-morphologic

values

42. Spring of mineral

water (Poklek)

Drenas

5. ari

2006

III

Nature monument with hydrologic values

43. Oak trees, six trees

(Likoshan)

46. Guri I Plakes (eng.

Rock of old women)
(Dobroshevc)
47. Pubescent oak tree
(Quercus pubercens
willd.) Aqarev

Drenas

5. ari

2006

III

Skenderaj

5. ari

2007

III

Nature monument with botanic values

50. Spring of thermal

water in Baj
51. Oak tree (Quercus sp.)
in Prellovc
52. complex of oak tres
(Quercus sp.) Rrezall
53. Complex of pubescent
oak trees (Quercus
pubescens willd.) n
Klladernic
54. Turkish oak tree
(Quercus cerris L.) in
Kotorr
55. Turkish oak tree
(Quercus cerris L.) in
Padalisht
56. Pubescent oak tree
(Quercus pubescens
Willd.) in itak
57. Turkish oak tree
(Quercus cerris L.) in
Runik
58. spring of salty water
in Leqin
59. Oak tree in Lubovec

REGIONAL PARK (Protected landscape)

1. Regional park of
nature2
2. Regional park Grmia

Klin, Rahovec

357.01,72
198.77,98

Prishtin

1.126, 01,
00

1982,
1983
1987

A rare nature phenomena with series of

waterfalls, specific landscapes with scientific,
culture and tourist values
Nature monument with scientific,
educative culture and tourist values

Forestry Park
1. Pishat e Deanit

Dean

1968

A pure content of Black Pine next to the

Dean Monastery

2. Rahavane

Therand

20.25,83

1980

A complex of trees

2.1.

Nature reserves

Nature reserves are original (or almost pristine) areas of nature with characteristic
forms of plants, animals and their associations, as integral part of ecosystems
designed mostly for conservation of genetic stock. This kind of areas might be with
botanic importance, where species and plant associations are conserved in situ,
or with fauna importance due to conservation of animal species and their original
nature habitats. Also, nature reserves may be areas where one or more specific
nature values are indicated and which values should be protected.
A strictly protected nature reserve is a terrestrial or aquatic area characterized
with distinguished ecosystems with geological features and species. These areas
are designated mostly for scientific and environmental monitoring purposes8.
The goals of protecting the strict nature reserves are: protecting habitats, species
and ecosystems from the stress and disturbing, to pay attention to dynamic and
evolutional genetic resources, taking care for ecological processes, conserving
the structural, landscape and geological features, saving samples of nature for
scientific purposes, education, environmental monitoring, reducing the stress and
impact to the nature through appropriate planning, researches etc.
The strict nature reserves are protected according to the first class of protection
and decision for their protection is made by the government.
From total surface of protected areas, nature reserves represent 847 ha. In
Kosovo there are three types of nature reserves so far: Plant reserves (7), animal
reserves (2) and special reserves (2)

8 Article 18 in the law for nature protection (reg. Nr. 2006/22)

Description
category

Year of protection

Municipality

Name of nature
reserve

Surface in ha

Table 3. Nature reserves

1. Maja e Ropsit

Dean

1955

Plant reserve of molika, firtree, pine, and beech

2. Gubavci

Pej

1959

Plant reserve of endemicrelict (Forsythia europeae)

3. Maja e arnenit

Prizren

1960

Plant reserve of Bosnian

pine (Pinus heldreichii).

4. Gazimestan

Prishtin

1953

Plant reserve of Scarlet

paeony (Paenonia decora
Anders )

5. Kozhnjeri

Dean

150

1955

Animal reserve of wild goat

(Rupicapra rupicapra L.)

Plant reserve of
endemic-relict specie
Bosnian pine (Pinus
heldreichii).

6. Oshljaku

Prizren

1960

7. Malet e Prelepit

Dean

0.92

1963

8. usenica

Therand

300

1955

Animal reserve Lynx lynx L

Special nature reserve.

A unique phenomena in
Europe. High educative,
scientific and tourist values

Plant reserve of
endemic-relict specie
Bosnian pine (Pinus
heldreichii).

Special nature reserve

Calrareous hill kamilja
with paleontological
features

9. Bifurcation in
Nerodime river

Ferizaj

10. Pisha e madhe

Prizren

11. Kamilja

Albanik
-Leposaviq

228

1979

1960

1988

Plant reserve of Balkan

maple (Acer heildreichii)

Figure 3. Map of Nature Reserves

The state of nature reserve Maja e Arnenit: (Prevall)

The surface of the area is 30 ha. It is declared a protected area as a plant
reserve in 1960. it is an area with high botanic importance due to the presence
of the specie Bosnian pine (Pinus heildreichi). Also it has ornito-faunistic values
due to the presence of Black cock ( Tetrao urogallus). The area is distinguished
by recreational and medical values.

Figure 4. Bosnian pine nature reserve (Pinus heildreichii), Prevall

The state of endemic-relict forests of Bosnian pine (Pinetum heldreichii), which

are situated in the southern exposition of Oshlak Mountain is unfavorable as
the result of fire of the yer 2000, as well as from the damages caused by insects
(Blastophagus sp.). Due to negative impact of these factors (fire and insects) as
well as other biotic and non biotic (climate factors) factors considerable parts
of this forest are degraded. Most of the trees of Bosnian pine are affected by
the fire and insects and their biological survival has come to the question.
Another threat to this forest is made by the construction of a tourist village
Prevalla which is being developed by an urban plan of Prizren municipality.
From other development aspect in these forests we emphasize:
Intensity of damages in this year is lower than in previous years, but it doesnt
warranty it will happen a natural revitalization and for sustainable development
of these forests. The evidences show that there are not signals for natural
revitalization and the herbal plants are increasingly developing in the area. In
particular is evidence development of specie Ephilobium angustifolium and Salix
capre).
21

Figure 5. Bosnian pine (Pinus heildreichii)

Figure 6. Forest of Bosnian pine (Pinetum heldreichii) after the fire in 2000 in Prevall

Figure 7. Damages caused by insect Blastophagus sp. After the fire in the forest

The state of beech forests which are located in the northern exposition of Sharr
Mountain is relatively good and sustainable. In forests groups with high density
corolla (0.9-1) it is evident lack of natural revitalization, whilst in forests with
the density of corolla les than 0.6-0.8, is evident a significant development of
seedlings of different ages. From biotic and non biotic factors with impact in the
beech forests are identified:
Mushroom of decay Fomes fomentarius which appears in old and
damaged trees of beech (Fagus moesiaca),
The mushroom Nectria ditissima, which causes the tumor and
deformation of trees cortex which are with low immunity
Impact of snow winds which caused damages of trees branches and
extraction of trees in hilly terrains
Impact of anthropogenic factor through trees cutting and fires.
In the area of Prevalle, currently are under development two Plans (projects) by
Municipality of Prizren: the Urban Regulative Plan Prevalla in the left side of
the road Prizren shtrpce, where is planned constructing a tourist village with
over 360 buildings in a surface of 17 ha; and Regulative Camping Plan in the are
where basements of summer camping houses made by ex Bankos still exist.
In the area bordered with strictly protected nature reserve Maja e Arnenit
are opened four roads which are based in the Urban Regulative Plan made
23

by Municipality of Prizren and which coused many damages in ecosystems of

herbal, shrubs, beech and Bosnian pine species. During the road construction
are cut exemplars of Bosnian pine with diameter from 14 to 54 cm. it is done
without respecting existing procedures that are described in the law on forests nr
2003/6 (article) and without respecting the professional opinion of National Park
Authority Sharr Mountains. Based in the projects for road construction except
herbal and shrubs ecosystem, it is planed to be destroyed about 5 hectares of
endemic-relict forest ecosystems where species listed below are evidenced to
be present: Pinus heldreichii, Pinus peuce, Fagus moesaicae, Fraxinus ornus,
Acer pseudoplatanus, Pinus nigra, Picea excelsa, Lonicera xilosteum, Juniperus
communis, J. nana, Daphne mezereum, Rosa canina, Rhamnus cathartica, Salix
caprea, Salix arenaria, Sobus aucuparia, S. austriaca, Betulla pubescens, Alnus
glutinosa, as well as other herbal species

Figure 8. Opening a road very close to Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii)

Researches in the area of Prevalle have shown that this part of National Park
has extraordinary natural and scientific values. The rich biodiversity of the area
is characterized with endemic plant species: steno endemic specie Vrbascum
scardicolum (which can be found only in the area of Prevalle and no else in the planet),
Pinus heldreichii (endemic-relict), Pinus peuce (Balkan endemic)), Gentianella
bulgarica var. albanica, Dianthus cartusonarum, Dianthus integer, Lazerpitium
siler, Campanula albanica, Thymus albanus,Campanula foliosa, Verbascum nikolai,
Stachys scardica, Viola zoisii, Viola grisebachii, Ephilobium anagallidifolium,
Buplenium subthorpianum, Phytenua pseudoverbiculare, Trifolium velenovskyi
(Balkan endemic), Carex leavis, Anthemis carpatica, Onobrychis scardica, Anthyllis
24

aurea, Doronicum orphanidis, Campanula spatulata, Campanula epigea, Scabioza

dubia, Potentilla speciosa, Cynanchum huteri etc.

Figura 9, 10. Llojet bimore endemike n Prevall

Campanula foliosa (endemike e Ballkanit)

Trifolium velenovskyi (lloj endemik i Ballkanit),

Figura 9, 10. Llojet bimore endemike n Prevall

Figure 9, 10. Endemic plant species in Prevalle

i cili parasheh ndrtimin e fshatit turistik n siprfaqe prej rreth 17 ha,

17 ha

gura 11. Plani Rregullativ

n Prevall
Figure 11. Urban
Urban Regulatory
plan in Prevall

Figura 12. Peizazh nga Prevalla

Figure 12. A landscape view from Prevall

Bifurcation in Nerodime River

The Bifurcation in Nerodime
River represents a unique case in
Europe, where a river discharges
in two seas.
The River spring is in Jezerc
Mountains and in the village
Nerodime it irreversibly divides in
two branches, which discharges in
two different seas. The northern
branch (left one) discharges in
Sitinice River and continues its
path to the rivers Iber, Morave and
26

Figure 13. Map of bifurcation location

through Danube it reaches the Black Sea. The southern branch (right one) through
rivers Lepenc and Vardar reaches the Aegean Sea. This nature phenomenon is
attractive for many researchers and visitors and has high educative scientific
and tourist values. Since the year 1979 it is taken under the law protection as a
special nature reserve. The protected surface is 12. 78. 71 ha

The state of Bifurcation

During the frequently monitoring
visits made to the Bifurcation,
it is noticed that as the result of
many concrete barriers in the river
bottom, mostly in the left branch,
the bifurcation is not functional.
The left branch is totally empty
from the water flow. In the other
side, the right branch which takes
water to an old existing mill is
damaged due to often changing
the direction of water flow, made
Figura 14. Bifurkacioni i Nerodimes dikur
by local inhabitants.
Figure 14. The bifurcation in Nerodime, long time
Another factor disturbing the area ago
is the Restaurant Ujevara, who created an artificial waterfall for its commercial
interest, thus influencing the water flow.
In 2005, the Municipality of Ferizaj in cooperation with KPC, initiated an action
to re-open and to clean up the left side of the river branch. Unfortunately, this
project is not completed. Initiatives to improve the water flow in both branches are
undertaken many times, but unfortunately with no sustainable positive results
In order to enable the normal functioning of the bifurcation it is a need to
undertake a series of measurements for avoiding management and concrete
technical problems. Some recommendations made to the decision makers were:

The area should be taken under the administration of Government

directly, as it is described in the law on nature protection
A management authority should be established for the area
Developing a serious and appropriate project in order to reopen (clean up)
the left branch of the river and to make the bifurcation functional.
Creating normal conditions (rehabilitate the area) and undertake
preventive measurement in order to protect the area.
Developing a management plan
Developing urban and tourist plan
Putting informative signs and other facilitations.
27

majt e cila i shkarkon ujrat n lumin Sitnica e m tutje pr n Detin e Zi, sht
shterur
Figura
16. Pamje e degs s majt e cila sht shterur trsisht.

Figure 15. The empty left branch of

the bifurcation nowadays

Figure 16. Left branch of the

bifurcation, empty and not
functional

Figure 17. The waterfall next to the restaurant, on of factors interrupting the normal flow of
the river

The nature reserve of Lynx in Rusenic

According to the body size lynx is the third carnivore in Europe, after the bear
and wolf. It is member of cats family (Felidae) and it isspread in Euro-Asia from
European Alps to eastern Siberia.
In Kosovo it inhabits mainly mountainous areas in Sharr Mountains. Its permanent
presence is recorded since 1912. Afterward it is noticed in Nerodime Mountains,
Jezerc, Pashtrik, Koritnik, Bjeshket e Nemuna etc. It prefers high and virgin forests.
It has characteristic body, with shrunken body, long legs and broad foots. It has
orbicular head, large ears and short tail. It is about 80 130 cm long, and about
65 cm high body. It weights between 12-35 kg. Its usual food is mostly deer, wild
cat, rabbits, fox and any forestry birds. It is a typical eremite animal, it meets other
lynxes only during the copulation period, it occupies large territories (up to 2000
km 2) and it is active mainly during night time. During one night it can travel up to
45 km. The lynx lives up to 17 years.
The protected area of Lynx as a rare and threatened specie of our fauna is in
Rusenice in the territory of Suhareke Municipality. Its habitat is protected as
protected nature reserve in 1955 and includes an area of 300 ha.
The preliminary assessment on native population of lynx in south east Europe,
shows that this is the most dangerous area for lynx in the entire world. The
situation becomes more alarming if we take into the consideration that lynx is
becoming sub-specie Lynx lynx martinoi. Its real state is not well known, but it is
considered the number of lynx individuals is under 100, and mainly concentrated
in South west Balkans (Albania, Macedonia and partially Kosovo).9
Data on the Lynx in Kosovo are rather old, since 1990. Those data showed about
the presence of lynx in Sharr and Bjeshk t Nemuna. In Sharr Mountains are
evidenced 10 individuals of lynx and those in Popovo prase, Oshlak, Koxhaballkan
and Ostrovic. Meantime in Bjeshkt e Nemuna are evidenced 12 individuals of
this specie.
From the most recent information and evidences about the state of Lynx in Sharr
Mountain, concretely in the nature reserve of Rusenice, the situation is alarming.
This is taking into account that in area are operating illegal quarries, which not
only damage the ecosystem, but also decrease the size of the nature reserve and
disturb the protected specie. This becomes more terrifying when we take into the
consideration that Lynx is very sensitive on the presence of anthropogenic factors.
9 [Link]

Also, another negative factor is uncontrolled hunting which disturb not only lynx
directly, but also other species which serves as a prey for lynx.
It can be comcluded that the state of the lynx is the best representator of the wild
fauna state in Kosovo.

Figure 18. (Lynx lynx) in Albania (. [Link]

2.2. National park Mali Sharr

The Sharr Mountains are located in the region of Kosovo and Macedonia and
includes an area of 1600 km2. The northern part of Sharr Mountains belong to
Kosovo and includes an area of 1100 km2, what approximately represent 1/10
part of total Kosovo territory. In 1986, part of Sharr Mountains was declared as
a National Park by Kosovo Assembly. The area of national Park includes 39 000
ha, and it includes territories of four municipalities: Prizren (19.500 ha), Shtrpc
(15.210 ha), Therand (2730 ha) and Kaanik (1560 ha).
The Sharr Mountains are distinguished by botanical, fauna, ecological, tourist,
recreational, sportive, educative and cultural values. 25 lakes in the altitude 1900
m above sea level, represent rare nature values of this mountainous massive. The
largest lake is Lake of Livadhi (2173 m). From the floristic point of view, these
mountains belong to most rich areas with biodiversity not only in Kosovo but in
Balkans Peninsula and they represent a treasure of plant species with a number of
endemic, relict, rare and threatened species.

Figure 19. National Park Mali Sharr

So far are evidenced about 2000 plant species and 68 plant associations. Within
forestry vegetation there are different species of shrubs, beech, pines, endemic
and relict pine of high mountains: Bosnian pine (Pinus heildreichii), Pinus peuce,
Common yev (Taxus baccata), Mountain pine (Pinus mugo), Rhododendron
ferrugineum, etc.10
Among these species, 86 of them are declared to be important for national interest,
26 species are included in European Red List of threatened plant and animal
species, and 32 species are listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened species

Figure 20. Animal Species from national park Mali Sharr

The territory of Sharr is very rich with different biotopes an animal species. There
are present specific species of animals, which are exclusively connected to these
habitats. It means they have small area and they are endemic species. Meantime,
other species that can be found in different biotopes have a broad area. The fauna
of Sharr, and in general fauna of Kosovo is not researched sufficiently, but based
in the data from the existing literature it may be concluded that fauna of Sharr is
represented by: 7 fish species, 9 amphibian species ,10 reptile species, 154 bird
species and 30 mammal species.

10 Feasibility study on declaring the Sharr Mountain a National Park (Prishtin 1982)

Figure 21. Map of nature reserves and other areas with special values with national park Mali
Sharr

Within territory of national Park Mali Sharr exists following areas with status
of Protected nature reserve: Koxhaballkani (Large pine), Oshlaku, Maja e Arnenit
(Prevalla) and Rusenica.
1. Maja e Arnenit (Popovo prase)- is consisted by pure forests of Bosnian pine
(Pinus heldreichii). It is located in Prevalle (eastern part of Oshlak) with a surface of
30 ha. It is taken under legal protection in 1960. In this locality is spread the forest
of endemic and relict specie of robullit (Pinus heldreichii).
2. Oshlak It is rich with pure forest of Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii). The Oshlak
area is rich with many endemic plant species. A distinguished symbol of this area
is the steno-endemic specie Achillea alexandri - regis that is located mainly in high
mountainous terrains. Other important floristic aspect in this area is the plant
associations: Achilleo Pinetum mugo (Pinetum mugo calcicolum) and Achilleo
alexandri regis. From fauna species in this area is evidenced wild goat (Rupicapra
rupiapra), which inhabits the highest pastures of Oshlak. Other wild animals in the
area are: brown bear, wolf, deer, birds etc. This nature reserve covers an area of 20
ha and it is declared a protected area in 1960.
33

Figure 22. Nature reserve of Oshlak in Koxhaballkan

3. Large Pine (Pisha

e Madhe) it is a
nature reserve of pure
forests of Bosnian pine
(Pinus heildreichii). It
is located in south east
hills of Koxhaballkani,
where are located old
forests of Bosnian pine,
which creates the plant
association
Seslerio
autumnalis Pinetum
heldreichi, and which
represent the most
beautiful complex of
arneni forest in Balkans.
The area covers a
surface by 35 ha, and it
is declared a protected
area in 1960.
34

Figure 23. Large Pine (Pisha e madhe), nature reserve of Bosnian

pine (Pinus heildreichii)

4. Rusenica- is a habitat of Balkans lynx (Lynx Lynx balcanicus), which is a rare

and threatened specie. Rusenica covers an area of 300 ha. In order to protect
the habitat of lynx, tt is declared a protected area in 1955,. No detailed study for
this specie in Kosovo is made so far. This area is important also for floristic and
landscapes aspects, where is present the specie Balkan maple (Acer heldreichii).

Zonat me Vlera t Veanta

Within area of National Park Mali Sharr are identified some areas with special
nature values.
1. Pashallar (Ostrovica) a serpentine locality of high mountains (1600 2092
m), with pure forests of Bosnian pine and beech. This mountainous massive is
distinguished with serpentine geological fundaments, where are developed
rare and specific vegetation of high mountains. In northern and north-west hills
of Pashallare, starting from the altitude 1600m to the highest peak 2092m, are
located rare forest associations as: Junipero Pinetum heldreichii (Bruckenthalio
Pinetum heldreichii), Pinetum heldreichii serpentinicolum, Pinetum heldreichii
peucis scardicum, as well as beech associations in serpentine terrains. Higher
in the area is located specific vegetation as Pinetum mugo serpentinicum. An
additional value of these associations is the endemic specie Bornmuellera
dieckii. The forest of Bosnian pine in serpentine territory represents the
special structure of natural vegetation in the Balkans. The area is about 45 ha.
2. Koplica is a calcareous area of high mountains, with rare flora and fauna. The
calcareous massive is reach with rare calcifil and hezmofile species. Characteristic
specie of area is Hieraacium kabilicanum. The area surface is 12 ha.
3. Area of Lumbardh river spring it is a silicate glacier circle if high mountains
with two small lakes. This area is characterized with special ecological, geological,
biological and landscape values. In the area of this nature reserve is the upstream
of Lumbardhi River and two lakes with glacial features. The area is rich with
endemic plant species like: Pinguicla balcanica, Alysum scardicum, Crocus scardicus
and glacial relicts Anemone narcissiflora and Draba doerfleri. The area surface is
about 40 ha.
4. Luboteni- is the highest peak (2496 m), it is located in the east part of Sharr
Mountains. Its geological structure is mainly calcareous, what made it different
from other parts with silicate geological structure. The flora of the area is rich
with rare species. So far, are identified 649 species of vascular flora, grouped in 81
35

families. In the vegetation of Luboten so far are evidenced 21 plant associations.

The areas surface is 50 ha.

Figure 24. Forest of Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichi) in the nature reserve Pisha e
Madhe, burned in the year 2007

5. Livadhi i mbretit (the Jazhince lake) It is located in rocky area of Sharr

mountains in the Bistra peak, with an area of 50 ha. In this area are identified
following plant associations: Fagetum Montanum, Seslerio automnalis Pinetum
heldreichii, Ajugo pinetum peucis etc. In the highest parts of this area are identified
associations: Rhododendron Pinetum peucis, Juniperus sp., Ranunculetum
crenati scardicum, Potentillo doerfleri Juncetum trifidi.
Evidenced problems in National Park Mali Sharr:

Disharmony between existing laws (Law on National Park Mali

Sharr,1986; Law on forests, 2004; Law on nature protection, 2005);
Mixture of competences. (The national Park is being managed by
three subjects: Directorate of the Park with it headquarters in Prizren,
Directorate of the Park withit headquarters in Shtrpce And Kosovo
Forestry Agency;
Lack of spatial and management plan;
Un controlled use of natural resources, forests cutting and damaging;
Fires in the nature reserves: large pine, balkan pine and other parts of
the park

Damaging illnesses and insects;

Quarries operating in the area of the Park;
Illegal constructions and construction of the tourist village in Prevalle
Not yet well defined park borders (the outside border line is determined
only in the territories of Prizren and Suhareke Municipalities. Internal
zoning of the area isnt completed.

Nature Monuments
Natural monument is a territory, which contains one or more natural or cultural
specific characteristics with special or unique values, due to rarity, natural
characteristic, recreational and esthetic or special cultural values.11
Nature monuments may be with
character of:
a) Geological paleontological,
mineralogical, hydro-geological,
sediment)
b) Geo-morphologic (caves, abyss,
rocks );
c) Hydrologic (water flow,
waterfall, lakes, springs);
d) Botanic (rare exemplar of plant
species);
Nature monuments are declared
by local governments, except
those with special importance
for national interests which
proposed by KEPA are declared by
government as protected areas.
Goals for management of nature
monuments are:
Protection and conservation
of sustainable nature features,
that are to a special interest
and that have unique values

Figure 25. The waterfall in Drini i Bardhe River

11 The law on nature protection article 20 (2006/22)

Providing with opportunities for research, educative and evaluation values

Preventing activities that may damage are may make significant changes in
the monument
Creating benefits for local population that live in the area.

The nature monuments cover 4.874 hectares of total protected areas surface.
Total number of nature monuments is 59. 35 of them are with botanic character,
10 hydrologic, and 10 of them are with geo-morphologic character.
Most important protected monuments of nature are: The marble cave in Gadime.
Rugova Canyon, Spring of Drini I Bardhe River together with cave and waterfall
in Radavc, The canyon of Klina River, Fshats Bridge area, Oriental plane tree in
Marash and many other old trees, thermal and mineral water springs, caves etc.

The state of nature Monuments

GADIMES CAVE
It is located in vicinity of Lipjan (next to the road Prishtin Ferizaj), in the Murturi
hill of Gadime village. The altitude of the location is 580 m. it is known also as
Marble cave, because it is consisted by marble rocks that made it one of most
beautiful in Balkans and wider.
In Gadimes cave appear all types of ornaments characteristic for caves. The most
frequent crystals are stalagmites and stalactites which are spread in all parts of
the cave and are to different shapes and size. Particularly in this cave are attractive
aragonite ornaments which are in a huge number ant with different shapes like
nowhere in the world. The aragonite channel in north gallery is a unique case. Its
bottom is covered with a mosaic of shapes, white and blue colored, which look like
a dense net of spides. Some of crystals are oriented in different directions, with
broken lines with length up to 30 cm.
The Caves age is millions of years. It is discovered in 1969. It is taken under law
protection by 29 July 1969. In 1982 is revised its statute and it is protected as a
geo-monument with rare nature values. The protected surface is 56.52,02 ha.

Figure 26. Cave in Gadime

For the assessment of the Caves state is taken into the consideration the inside
and outside area. In the Murmuri hill, where the cave is located, in north-west
part of the cave are evidenced erodes of rocky material of the cave. In this area is
constructed a water storage as a part of water supply system for local population.
Also it is evident, many constructions and wells opening are happening in the
western parts of the area.
In the southern part of the area are operating 8 quarries which exploit the
calcareous rocks in an intensive manner. It is considered that explosive used for
mining in quarries is damaging the cave ornaments and it creates non secure state
of the cave.
Also there are evident other activities in the flow of Klysyr River, which may affect
the state of the cave. In the close vicinity of the cave are constructed different
objects which are not in the function of caves management.

Figure 27. A view fro Murtur Hill, where the cave is located

Inside the cave are identified problems

as follow:
In some parts of the cave are identified
large damages as in tectonic area
in entrance of tears channel. It is
permanent risk of erosion and dropping
down the caves rocks in the areas that
are visited by visitors.
Due to hydrological and hydro-geological
impacts in channels, in the roof and lateral
parts the argyle masses have moved
There are evident hydrological changes,
resulted with decrease of water quantity. It
is concluded that except changes resulted
by hydrological cycle, the intensive use
of water from the well opened in the
vicinity of the cave has affected the caves
hydrological state.
In the cave is appeared moss and the
ornaments are colored in yellow, which
may impact the sustainability of the cave.
40

Figure 28. Operations in Murtur Hill

Figure 29. The Klysyr River close to the cave is

almost closed

It is concluded this situation is

created due to the improper
lightening and airing of the
cave.
In the cave are evident physical
damages (broken crystals)
In the cave entirely are evident
graphite and inscription.
Lightening is not adequate
and the power supply network
is damaged.
In the cave are taking place
illegal activities and researches Figure 30. Quarry operating in Gadime
without previous permission
from competent institutions.
The management of cave is not done appropriately.

Figure 31

Figure 32. Electric lightening network, a

permanent risk for the cave.

Figure 33

Figure 34. Moss and mushrooms

developed in the cave

Figure 35. Soil erosion in the cave

Figure 36. Broken crystals

Figure 37. Inscription in the cave

THE CAVE AND THE SPRING OF DRINI I BARDHE RIVER IN RADAVC

Figure 38. The waterfall of Drini i Bardh in Radavc

Figure 39. Entrance of the Cave in Radavc

The cave and the spring of Drini

I Bardhe River are taken under
legal protection in 1983, as nature
monument. The surface of protected
area is 89.94 ha and they are located
in Radavc village, about 11 km away
from Peja town, aside from the road
(Pej-Rozhaj).
These two nature rarities of nature
heritage are located in the northeast part of Bjeshket e Nemuna
Mountains (Albanian Alps).
The cave in Radavc is a typical spring
cave. Its creation is linked with
erosion and chemical reaction of
ground water in Drini I Bardhe.
The total length of researched
channels is is about 1420 m, whilst
horizontal channels have a total
length by 680 m. The entrance of
the cave is in the altitude from about
578 m, which is an opened entrance
with irregular triangle shape. The
main gallery, consist by three parts:
Entry channel, central gallery and
the channel of tubs.
In most galleries and channels of
the cave are evident proves of
bats presence. A concern for the
cave is that cave is visited by many
unauthorized people who very
often make inscriptions in the cave
channels and walls. In the area of
Drini i Bardhe spring and waterfall
are noticed garbage.

Figura 40. Ndotja e kristaleve nga numri i madhe i lakuriqve

Figura 40. Crystals are polluted by bats

Figure 41. A landscape in Rugova Canyon

Rugova Canyon
The Rugova Canyon as a nature monument is one of the areas with very special
morphological, geo-morphological, geological, hydrological, biodiversity tourist
and recreational values..
In this area are identified some problems. The road along the gorge is damaged
and it is a risk for visitors safety. Construction of tourist complexes, restaurants,
drinking water factory, etc, affects the nature landscape of the area.

Figure 42. Soil erosion in the road in Rugova Canyon

Figure 43. The drinking water plant

Figure 45. Canyon of Drinit i Bardh River next to Fshajts bridge

Canyon of Drinit i Bardh River next to

Fshajts bridge

Figure 46. Beton production and sand separation

installations in protected area

The Canyon of Drinit i Bardh River next to

Fshajts bridge is a nature monument with
hydrologic character and it is taken under
legal protection in 1986. The protected
area surface is 199 ha and it belongs to the
municipalities Rahovec12 and Gjakov13.
During a long geo-morphological process
the Drini I Bardhe River opened a canyon
between two calcareous rocks, by creating
a very attractive and interesting canyon for
researchers and visitors. In the protected
area are evident constructions and other
impacts that damage the landscape of this
area.

Figure 47. An hotelier object in protected area

12 Decision 01 nr. 352-13 dt. 9.04.1986 Rahovec
13 Decision 01 nr. 011-10 dt. 05 March 1986 Gjakov

The state of BIO-MONUMENTS

Tress and trees complexes belong to the category of nature monument with
botanic character14. In the list of protected areas are listed 35 nature monuments
with botanic values and most of them are trees or trees complexes.
During the period 2005/2007 are organized many field visits in order to monitoring
the protected nature monuments. According to the collected data it is concluded
that some of protected trees are not in a good state, whilst some of them because
they are damaged significantly, are in the procedure of rejecting their protection
statute.

bio-monument in
good state
damaged
bio-monument
bio-monument with
irreparable damages

bio-monument in
good state

damaged
bio-monument

bio-monument with
irreparable damages

Figure 48. Current state of bio-monuments

14 LNP 2006/22, article 24.2 , d) nature monument with botanic character (rare

exemplars of plant species)

Table 4. Current state of bio-monuments

Nr.

Bio-monuments in good
state

Nr.

Damaged bio-monuments

Nr.

Bio-monuments with
irreparable damages

Oriental plane (Platanus

orientalis) in Marash

Plepit Tree(Populus tremula)

in Bajqin,

Balkan oak tree in

Nerodime e Eprme

Trungu i Qarrit ( Quercus

cerris ) n Dobratin

Oak tree (Quercus sp) in

Dumnic e Ult

Lime tree in Lukinaj

Oak tree ( Quercus

cerris) in Pollat

Oak tree (Quercus cerris) in

Zllakuqan

Elm tree (Ulmus minor

Miller) in Qabi

Oak trees in Llazic

Oak tree in Potrq

Mulberry tree ( Morus

sp.) in Pej

Aspen tree(Populus
tremula) in Orllan

Lime Tree ( Tilia

argentea) in Isniq

Lime tree(Tilia argentea)

in Strellc

Six oak trees (Likoshan)

Oak tree in Brkov

Oak trees (Terstenik)

Bungut tree in Lubovec

Oak tree (Likoshan)

Complex of trees in
Ramjan

10
11
12
13
14

Pubescent oak tree

(Quercus pubercens
illd.) Aqarev
Oak trees (Quercus sp.)
Polac
Oak tree (Quercus sp.)
in Likovc
Oak tree (Quercus sp.) in
Prellovc
Complex of oak trees i
(Quercus sp.) Rrezall
Complex Pubescent
oak of trees (Quercus
pubescens illd.)
Klladernic
Oak tree (Quercus cerris
L.) Kotorr

Oak tree (Quercus cerris

L.) Padalisht

Pubescnet oak tree

(Quercus pubescens
illd.) itak
47

19
20
21
22
23

Oak tree (Quercus cerris

L.) Runik
Lime trees ( Tilia
argentea) n Isniq
Complex of Common
oak trees (Negroc)
Shpardhit tree (Negroc)
Oak tree (Krajkov)

Figura 49. Rrapi (Platanus orientalis) n Marash, monument botanik

Figure 49. Oriental plane tree (Platanus orientalis) in Marash, botanic monument

Figura 50. Kompleksi i gjasht lisave n Likoshan, monument i natyrs me rndsi botanike dhe historike
Figure 50. Complex of six trees in Likoshan, nature monument with historical values

Figure 51. Aspen tree

(populus tremula) in Bajqine,
damaged bio-monument

2.4. REGIONAL PARKS

Among protected areas in Kosovo, Regional Parks cover the surface about 1.
681 ha. There are two regional parks in Kosovo, Mirusha park with 555. 80.70
ha and Grmia park with 1126 ha.

Figure 52. Map of regional parks

Mirusha
The canyon of Mirusha is one of most interesting nature areas in Kosovo. The
downstream of Mirusha Rivers passes through a gorge which is known as Canoyn
of Mirusha River. In this part of the canyon are located 16 exciting waterfalls with
lakes that make the most attractive part of the canyon.
The nature Park of Mirusha is located in both sides of Mirusha River, from the
beginning of canyon up to the discharge in the Drini i Bardhe River. The surface
of protected area is 555.80.70 ha, and it belongs to three municipalities: Klin15,
Malishev and Rahovec16.
15 GZK Nr. 3/76 and 41/81 24 May 1982.
16 GZK Nr.21/76 date 15 February 1983

Figure 53. Waterfalls in Mirusha

Flora, vegetation and fauna- The area is quite rich with species and associations. The
largest part of the area is covered by the association of bungut (Ass. Querrcetum
farnetto - cerris scardicum Krasniqi 1968), which is one of most spread association
sin Kosovo. In the territory of Mirusha Park are identified 330 species of vascular
flora, without taking into account species of Mosses and tallophyta. From
Tallophyta are identified 44 species of high fungus (macromycete) where in the
wide area of Mirusha are identified 838 taxones, represented with 590 species of
vascular flora. A specific of the Mirusha territory flora, is the presence of 14 plant
associations, and 5 of them are to endemic character, whilst the total number of
endemic species is 21. Among them the specie Aristolochia merxmuelleri, which
is a steno-endemic specie and so far it is not found elsewhere in the world, except
in Mirusha.
Fauna In Mirusha area are identified following animal species: boar (Sus scrofa),
badger (Meles meles), rabbit (Lepus europaeus), squirrel (Scirius vulgaris), wolf
51

(Canis lupus), wild cat ( Felis silvestris), (Martes Martes), maus (Ondatra zibethica),
mountainous mous (Apodemus flaviocollis), hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor L.),
terrestrial turtle (Testudo sp.). rocky poisonous snake (Vipera amodytes). etc. In
the Mirusha river also exists good condition for amphibian and fish species.
Constructions and intervention in Mirusha river embankment as well as other
vegetation damages that affect directly the biodiversity are most evident in the
area. Lack of a management body for the Mirusha park is also one of the problems
for area management.
In the entrancy of the area, next
to the road which sends to the
waterfalls, two installations are
constructed. Construction of
these installations has direct
impact to the Mirusha river flow.
In the right side of the river are
evident interventions that caused
damages to the association
(ass. Salicetum albae). In this
association are present species:
Salix alba, Fraxinus angustifola,
Populus nigra., Cornus mas, Acer
campestre and Carpinus betulus.
Figura 54. Ndrtimet
n area
Zonn e Mirushs
in Mirusha
Most of abovementioned trees Figure 54. Construction
are in very bad conditions due
to the beton and other concrete
materials put next to them. Also
from the surface layer erode
of grassland areas, is totally
damaged the association: SalvioScorzoreneretum villosae.

Figura 55. Ndrhyrja n shtratin e lumit Mirusha

Figure 55. Intervention
in Mirusha river
embankment

NATURE PARK GRMIA

It is located in north-east of Kosovo (Prishtina) and it covers an area of 62 km2. The
border of Germia passes starting from the Hill of Vineyard in the west, continues
through Mirditas Hill) up to the mining in Ajvalia and to the Graanica River. The
southern border passes along the Graanica River up to the place where the Busia
River is adjoining, continues to the villages Mramor and Butos up to the Prishtina
River which represents the northern border of this mountainous massive. The
highest peak of Germia is the Peak of Butos with the altitude 1050 m asl.

Figure 56. Vegetation in Grmia

The Geomorphology of the are a is structured by hills with different altitude, which
are divided by valleys, beck and rivers. In this area is distinguished the Vellusha
River Valley, whichs spring is in western side of Butosi hill and which represents the
most characteristic area of Mirusha with altitude above 1000 m and valley length
8 km. This area is located between the Prishtina River in the north and Badoc River
in the south, thus representing the hydrologic node of Rivers: Prishtina, Badoc and
Velloshe.
Otherwise in Germia exists other small water resources which during the summer
time get dry. Recently the water of these springs is linked in a network which ends
up in Germia swimming pool.
53

Flora, vegetation and Fauna of Grmia

Based on geographical position, geological features, and climate conditions the
mountainous massive of Germia is quite rich in regard to flora, vegetation and
fauna.
In researches made so far, 610 species of vascular flora are evidenced. These
species are grouped into 83 families, 83 fungi species, 5 endemic species and 12
medical plants.
The Forestry vegetation of Germia is consisted by 4 forest associations: the
association of Hungarian oak and Turkish oak (prej 600- 700 m), association oak
and hornbeam (800 m), association of oak (820- 870 m) and beech (1000 m).
The complexity of germia natural biotopes provides good conditions for a wide
number of animal species. According to the researches made so far, in Germia area
are identified: 5 amphibians specie, 7 reptile species, 19 mammal species of and
30 bird species. Also a huge number of insects is identified in area. Unfortunately,
the recent reports from the Germia are alarming for the disappearing of many
species.

Figure 57. Recreational area in Grmia Park

Figura
Grmia
Figure58.
[Link]
Map eofparkut
Grmia
Park

Figura
59. Pishinapool
n Parkun
e Grmis
Figure
59. Swimming
in Germia

In 1966 17 it is decided that one part of Germia mountainous massive to be

declared as Forest for Picnic. IN 1987 18, The municipal Assembly of Prishtina,
decided to take Germia under protection as a Regional Nature park of Germia.
By this decision is protected the area which covers the surface of [Link]
ha. Regarding to this decision The Park is managed by the Hortikultura, whilst
professional monitoring is made by Kosovo Institute for Nature Protection.
General state :

During 2007, in some localities of Germia, (next to antennas Germia

II, Restaurant Freskia, area Germia I) are caused fires which covered an
area of 12 ha. In the locality to the pines Germia II, the fire covered
an area of 10 ha. The area covered by fire is afforested by white pine, and
also in the area are spread species like: Juniperus comunis and Juniperus
oxidentalis. All this area is covered by different herbal species. From the
fire are caused damages that impacted (disturbed) the habitats of fauna
species and species migration is evident.
Also due to the forest exploitation are appeared soil erosion and decrease
of water flows. Because the Germia represents an important and
interesting flora, fauna, tourist and recreational area, it is necessary to
undertake proper measures in order to prevent further degradation.
The protocol and administrative center of Kosovo Assembly is constructed
(2005) as well as other construction took place in the area
The forests are damaged by insects (Blastofagus sp.);
Garbage are thrown away in inadequate areas
Damaged trees are evidenced in the areas bombed by NATO during the
war time.

17 GZK nr. 32/66

18 GZK nr. 43/87.

Mined areas;
Zoning and information signs. etc.

Figure 60. Forest damaged by the fire

Figure 61.
Construction in
Germia Park
Figure 62.

Construction of administrative and protocol center

3. AREAS PROPOSED FOR PROTECTION

During the period 2002-2006, the Kosovo Institute for Nature Protection has
recognized and evidenced the new nature values in 16 Kosovo municipalities
(Gjakov, Skenderaj, Drenas, Burim, Rahovec, Kastriot, Vushtrri, Gjilan, Malishev,
Mitrovic, Klin, Podujev, Fush Kosov, Therand, Lipjan dhe Viti). During this
process about 200 new areas are proposed to be taken under law protection. The
proposed areas are to different categories and with botanic, hydrologic and geomorphologic character.
In 2003 is developed the initiative to put the Bjeshket e Nemuna Mountains under
the law protection. The KINP in cooperation with Prishtina University and other
institutions has prepared the feasibility study. The declaration of Bjeshket e Nemuna
a National Park, with the surface about 60 000 ha, is expecting the approval by the
Kosovo Assembly. Since the Bjeshket e Nemuna will be declared a National Park,
the total protected are will represent 10% of total Kosovo territory.
From the total number of proposed areas, during the period 2006-2007, 24 of
them are proceeded ant approved to be protected (11 in the territory of Drenas
Municipality and 13 in the territory of Skenderaj Municipality).

Figure 63. Number of areas proposed for protection according to the municipalities

Figure 64. Map of areas proposed for protection

BJESHKT E NEMUNA
According to the geological, geo-morphological, flora and fauna values the Bjeshkt e
Nemuna represents the most important mountainous massive in Balkans peninsula.
The wildlife (flora and fauna) is very rich in species and with high biodiversity
values.
Flora, vegetation and Fauna
Due to characteristic geographical position, geological structure and hydrological
values the area is distinguished by a very interesting biological and landscape
diversity. It offers good conditions for protecting (conserving) important species
and their habitats.
59

According to the researches and studies, in the territory of Bjeshket e Nemuna

are identified about 1500 plant species. Most of them are relict species as: Acer
heildreichii, Asyneuma trichocalicinum, Campanula lingulata, Cardamine glauca,
Castane sativa, Cotinus coggigria, Edrianthus graminifolius, Edrianthus tenuis
etc. 19 protected species as: Pinus peuce, Pinus mugho, Pinus heildreichi, Taxus
baccata, Alnus viridis, Quercus trojana, Spirea canea, Acer heildreichii, Acer
intermedium, Daphne laureola, Forsythia europea, Gentiana lutea, Wulfenia
carinthiaca, Ramonda serbica, Succisa pratensis, Leontopodium alpinum, Lilium
martagon, Dactylorhiza cordigera and Dactylorhiza majalis. Among endemic
and other species, 4 of them are listed in European Red List: Viola elegantula,
Sempervivum macedonicum, Ramonda serbica, Narthecium scardicum.
According to the researches the Fauna of Bjeshkt e Nemuna is consisted among
others by :8 fish species, 13 amphibian species, 10 reptile species, 148 bird species,
36 mammal species (with out counting here bats), 129 butterfly species of the order
Lepidoptera.

Initiative for Declaring the Bjeshkt Nemuna a National Park

The Iniciative for Declaring the Bjeshket e Nemuna a national park, is started since
1970 by the Ent for Culture Monuments Protection. It is continued in 1985 by the
Ent for Nature Protection. According to the initiative, the National Park Bjeshket
e Nemuna would include parts of territories of Peja and Decan municipalities.
The Decan municipality disagreed with the proposal, therefore only part of Peja
municipality to be declared a protected area and a feasibility study on declaring
the Bjeshket e Nemuna Peja territory a National Park, is prepared.
In 2002, the KINP reinitiated the process for declaring the Bjeshket e Nemuna a
National Park. According to this initiative it is planned the National park to include
territories of: Peja, Istog, Decan and Gjakova municipalities. In 2003, the study
for declaring the Bjeshket e Nemuna a National Park is prepared and also the
project law for Bjeshket e Nemuna is drafted.
The initiative is supported by Kosovo Government and Kosovo Assembly. Also the
respective municipalities gave positive consent to this initiative.

The state of Bjeshk e Nemuna

One of major problems in the territory of Bjeshkt eNemuna, is the wood cutting.
Actually, the Kosovo Forestry Agency is managing with the forest in Bjeshket e
Nemuna. The illegal wood cutting is taking place almost in all municipalities that
have access to Bjeshket e Nemuna (Gjakov, Dean, Pej and Istog).
Uncontrolled cutting of forests have irreparable effects that except wood losing,
directly affect the ecosystem balance, disturbing animal species, landscape
damages, erosion etc.
60

Another actual problem is illegal construction of buildings, mostly hotels and

restaurants. Due to the lack of urban, spatial and development plans of the area
the constructions are developed without respecting any standard or criteria. The
construction activities included erosion, landscape damage, and biodiversity loss.
Constructions are concentrated in the areas with high tourist potential as Rugova
Canyon, Boge, Leqinat etc

Figura 65. Kompleksi i vikendshtpizave, Leqinat

Figure 65. Complex of houses in Leqinat
Figura 65. Kompleksi i vikendshtpizave, Leqinat

Figure 66. Forest

cutting in Junik
Mountains

Figure 67. Forest cutting in Rugova Canyon

Figura 67. Prerja e pyjeve n Gryk t Rugovs

Figure 68. Erosion as a result of tree cutting

Cave Gryka e Madhe in Rugova Canyon

The cave Gryka e Madhe is located in the 8th kilometer of Rugova Canyon, in the
left side, about 60 m above the LumBardhi I pejes River, in the altitude 637 m.
Researches in this cave have started since 1993, by some Slovak speleologists,
who randomly were traveling to Macedonia through Rugova canyon, even though
this cave was known for local inhabitants since long time ago. The researches in
the cave continued in the period 1966 2007, with a break time 1998 2001.
During the last expedition research it is identified that corridors are to oval
profile, homogenous and to different dimensions, which have the character of a
continuously underground canyon with high walls. The highest levels of the cave
do not have sediments, but they are riffraff of the sand, whilst the lower levels
are characteristic for large and circle shape rocks. Five levels are researched so
far in the cave. The first is river level, which is quite active. This level is high up to
66m starting from the entrance. It has a dynamic escalation and in some places
to dangerous. Through some small channels in the tube shapes, from this level
can be passed to the river. In this area is identified sediment or riffraff of different
colors.
Due to the terrain configuration and the high risk to enter inside, the cave is
saved by the anthropologic impact and it is in good state. Recently are taking
place researches from different teams of experts by Slovakia, Bulgaria, the NGO
Aragoniti and KEPA

Figure 69. The

entrance of the
cave Gryka e
Madhe

Figure 70. Crystals in the cave Gryka e Madhe

Figura 70. Kristalet n shpelln Gryka e Madhe

Figure 71. Gallery in the cave Gryka e Madhe

Table 5. List of areas proposed for protection 2002-2007

Nr.

Emrtimi i zons

Komuna

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

Gurbadh Turkish oak tree

Burim - Ash tree
Turjak - Turkish oak tree
Panorc Shpella e Flladit cave
Drenovc -Trees
Drenovc Bozhuri Cave
Bubavec - Mali i Vakafit - tree
Vermic - Lagj.e Limanajev
Balinc - Mali i Vakafit - tree
Marali - Guri i Maralis - rock
Marali - Turkish oak tree
Pagarush - Turkish oak tree
Gurisht water spring
Pidiq thermal-mineral water spring
Nasal mineral water spring
Gumnisht - mineral water spring
Llashtic - Turkish oak tree
Lipovic Pear tree
Buric - Oak trees
Uglar thermal water spring
Lovc -Trungu i Bungut
Lugina e Llapushing river valley
Kmetovc - thermal-mineral water spring
Brisallc - Cave
Perplenic Perplnica lake
Parku Regjional Pashtriku
Park Pyjor Maja e Gllavs
Complex of black pine Shkukz
Herreq - Turkish oak tree
Stubull - Lime tree
Berijah - Lime trees
Dobrosh - Oak tree
Rracaj lime and Turkish oak trees
Vogov Turkish oak tree
Mulliq water spring
Gurra e Demjanit
Kusar water spring
Potok water spring
Shpella e Qiriut - cave
Shpella e Kusarit- cave
The association of Tamarisk
Locations of Macedonian oak and Yams

Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Malishev
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjilan
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
65

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86

Location of lule Bozhures inPashtrik

Common yew tree
Association of Forsythia and chestnut
Shqiponj - Zabeli i Gojanit -forest
Greqin - Turkish oak tree
Molliq oak trees
Madanaj - Turkish oak tree
Bec Oak tree
Zhabel - oak trees
Gergoc - oak trees
Potok (2) water spring
Ujmir - Oak tree
Deiq - Oak tree
Nagllavk Turkish oak tree
Gllarev - Oak tree
Dresnik - Banja e Dresnikut water spring
Sibovc - Oak tree
Sibovc - Lime tree
Mazgit - Trungu i Manit -tree
Grabovc - mineral water spring
Grabovc oak trees complex
Breznic - complex of water springs
Cerrc Mulberry trees
Lubozhd Lime tree
Vrell water spring
Istog i Poshtm Lime tree
Shushic e Eprme - Lime tree
Istog water spring
Zhakov - Oak tree
U - oak tree
Crkolez complex of oak trees
Kaliqan - Lime tree
Baic Lime tree
Banj Thermal-mineral water spring
Lubov - Lime tree
Zallq -Oak tree
Zabllaq - oak tree
Turbuhovc - Oak tree
Saradran - Oak tree
Gjelbisht mineral water spring
Baj - Oak tree
Baj thermal water spring
Baj thermal water spring ( Q. e zotnis ) 2
Karaq - water spring

Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Gjakov
Klin
Klin
Klin
Klin
Klin
Kastriot
Kastriot
Kastriot
Kastriot
Kastriot
Kastriot
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Istog
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri

87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130

Skrom water spring

Koderflamur beech trees complex
Shtruer oak tree
Ashlan oak tree
Cecel oak tree
Lumkuq - Parku i Ketrit (nature park)
Krasniqe e mesme Turkish oak tree
Galic complex of oak trees
Brusnik - oak tree
Rreznik oak trees
Druar oak trees
Trimor oak tree
Lugina dhe qafa e Kaqanollit - river valley
Popov - Ushton Reka- river phenomena
Orllan Batllava lake
Dobratin water spring and oak trees
Murgull Aspen tree
Llapashtic e Eprme - Trungjet e Dushkut (varreza)
Dyz oak tree
Orllan -Aspen tree
Grdoc - Aspen tree
Braboniq mineral water spring
Mazhiq mineral water spring
Braboniq Turkish oak tree
Zasell Chestnut tree
Zabergj -Oak tree
Vllahi Oak tree
Bare beech trees
Rahov - Kroni i Akullit - water spring
Vidimiriq - Vojss tree
Rahov Chestnut tree
Lugu i Bares water spring
Melinic - Ujvara e Trepqalive - waterfall
Vinarc i Eprm Maple tree
Ovqar beech tree and water spring
Bistric e Shals Aspen tree
Boletin Chestnut tree
Kelmend - Guri i Gjat dhe Guri i Mpreht (rocks)
Viti oak tree
Kllokot thermal water spring
Zhiti oak tree
Ballanc complex of trees
Zhiti - Burimi i Ujit Mineral
Binq oak trees complex

Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Vushtrri
Podujev
Podujev
Podujev
Podujev
Podujev
Podujev
Podujev
Podujev
Podujev
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Mitrovic
Albanik
Zvean
Zvean
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti

131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174

Samakov water spring

Samakov hydrologic monument
Debeldeh nature landscape
Grmov Turkish oak tree
Sllatin e Eprme - landscape
Sllatin e poshtme trees complex
Vrnekolle - Reka e Vernezit
Ballanc - Burimi i Ujit Mineral - river
Gjylekar - Guri i Blinave - rock
Breshanc oak trees
Savrov complex of oak trees
Delloc pine tree (Pinus sp.)
Grikoc oak trees (Quercus sp.)
Rean - Aspen tree(Populus sp.)
Muhlan - oak trees complex
Biraq - Lokaliteti i Bujgerit - landscape
Rean water spring
Papaz trees complex
Budakov - whitebeam Tree
Luzhnic complec of trees
Bllac - Oak trees
Bllac - Oak trees
Vraniq - Turkish oak tree
Nagavc - Turkish oak tree
Drenovc oak trees
Vranjak Elm tree
Koznik Turkish oak trees
Dabidol Turkish oak trees
Potoqan i ult Turkish oak trees
Brestuvc - oak tree (Lisi i Bajraktarit)
Petrov - Vrella e Zez water spring
Devetak Turkish oak trees
Mollopolc Turkish oak trees
Godanc i Eprm - oak tree
Godanc i Poshtm Turkish oak tree (Taravillaz)
Rashinc Turkish oak tree
Karaqic complex of trees
Karaqic - Guri i Xhamis - rock
Pjetreshtic - cave
Shtime complex of pines
Sllovi - Turkish oak tree
Sllovi complex of trees
Smallush three Turkish oak trees Smallush Turkish oak trees

Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Viti
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Therand
Rahovec
Rahovec
Rahovec
Rahovec
Rahovec
Rahovec
Rahovec
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Shtime
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan

175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195

Bregu I Zi Turkish oak forest

Poturovc Turkish oak tree
Dobraj e Madhe - oak tree
Baic water spring
Baic Turkish oak tree next to the school
Baic Turkish oak trees
Baic therma water spring
Krojmir - Guri te Kroi - rock
Shal- Guri i Shpuar - rock
Shal Turkish oak tree
Vrell water spring
Vershec - oak trees
Kompleksi i Blinajs - forest
Qylag - oak tree ( to the school)
Torin oak forest
Bregu i Zi - oak tree
Bujan - oak tree
Gadime Marble cave
Gadime - Pylli n Kodrn mbi Xhami - forest
Gadime e Eprme oak tree
Golesh - habitat of Fotsythia europea

Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Lipjan
Fush Kosov

Figura 72. Kompleksi i Liqenit t Batllavs i propozuar pr mbrojtje

Figure 72. Batllava Lake proposed for Protection

Figura 72. Kompleksi i Liqenit t Batllavs i propozuar pr mbrojtje

Figure 73. Complex of trees proposed for protection in Sllatin of Vitia

Figura 75. Burimi termomineral n Banj t Istogut, i propozuar pr mbrojtje

Figure 75. Thermal-mineral
water spring in Banja e Istogut,
proposed for protection

Figure 74. Cave in Ponorc, nature

monument proposed for protection

Figure 76. The Valley of Llapushnik River, Gjilan

Figura 77. Lugina e lumit Selac, Shal e Bajgors, e propozuar pr mbrojtje

Figure 77. The valley of Selac River Shal e Bajgors, proposed area for protection

Figura 78. Kroi i akullit , Shal e Bajgores, i propozuar pr mbrojtje

Figure 78. Kroi i akullit water spring, Shal e Bajgores, proposed for protection

Management of protected areas

The aim of protected areas management is:

Scientific researches;
Conservation of wild species, habitats and ecosystems
Conservation of genetic diversity and species biodiversity
improving environmental state;
conservation of specific nature and cultural values
tourism and recreation
education, public awareness and acces to the information
sustainable use of natural resources
conservation of cultural and heritage values
The status of nature protected areas is defined with bylaws in accordance with
laws which established the category of protection and management guidelines.
For each protected are is ascertained the level of protection.19
The decision on declaring a protected area establishes the goals of management
and specific measures and techniques for protecting the values of the area. After
the decision for protection is developed the management plan which is produced
by the management body of the area and approved by the Ministry20 .
Managementif National park Mali Sharr I smade by the Park Directorate, which
has the headquarters in Prizren. The regional park of Nature Germia is managed
by public enterprise Horticultura. The Marble Cave in Gadime is managed
by a body who is not under the responsibility of the Government, whilst nature
reserves Maja e Ropsit, Gubavci, Gazimestani, Kozhnjeri,Malet e Prilepit,
Bifurcation in Nerodime River,Kamilja, as well as regional park of Nature
Mirusha have not management bodies. Other nature monuments are managed
by respective local authorities
The harmonization of protected areas categories with the law on nature protection
is not done yet, therefore we often meet different of areas names. The central
register of protected areas is in the process to be completed and mean time the
areas that are devaluated will be removed from the register.
The nature values of protected areas often are threatened by different factors as
settlements, mountainous tourism development, wood cutting, quarries etc. the
improper use of nature resources is attacking the ecosystems and biodiversity,
19 Article 30 LNP
20 Article 36

and under the impact of such developments unfortunately are as well as: National
Park Mali Sharr, Regional park of nature Mirusha, Cave in Gadime, Germnia
park etc.

Table 6. Interventions in protected areas

Protected area

intervention

Grmia /
Regional Park of Nature / GZK. Nr.43/87

Construction of protocol
administrative center

Canyon of Drini i Bardh River next to

the Fshajts bridge/
Nature monument/
Nr. 352-13 / 9.04.1986 Rahovec

Hotelier object constructed

Kanioni i Drinit t Bardh te Ura e

Fshajt/
Monument i Natyrs/
Nr. 011-10 / 5 mars 1986 Gjakov

Recreational -sportive center

Mirusha/
Regional Park of Nature / 1982, 1983

Fuel station

Mirusha/
Regional Park of Nature / 1982, 1983

restaurant

Prevalla/
National Park/ GZK Nr.11/86

Tourist village

Rugova Canyon/
Nature Monument/ GZK Nr. 25, 1988.

Water production plant

Kozhnjeri/
Nature reserve/ 1955

Fish farming

Figure 79. Map of interventions in protected areas

5. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL AREAS FOR NATURA 2000

Natura 2000 is an integrated system of protected areas within EU. It includes
protected areas according to the directive on habitats (92/ 43/EEC), as well as
protected areas according to the directive on birds 79/409/EEC). The areas of
Natura 2000 represent a joint interest of EU and they are proposed by member
states. The habitat directive and bird directive represent an important legal tool
for species and their habitat conservation and contributes to meet the principles
of biodiversity convention (CBD Rio 1992) for conservation of species diversity and
their habitats
The bases for identification of areas for Natura 2000 network are such like Article
3; Paragraph 1 of the directive 92/43 on habitats conservation. This directive has
established the concept of the network Natura 2000 which should be integrating
special protected areas (SPA) as described in habitats directive and special areas of
conservation (SAC) as described in bird directive. Also in the network of Natura
2000 should be included existing protected areas which meet the criteria, KORINE
locations, important bird areas (IBA)
Kosovo is not an EU member state and it is not obliged to follow the Natura
2000. But, the process of EU integration that Kosovo is oriented on, among other
criteria and standards, environment and nature protection have an important
role. Therefore, being aware that meeting these standards requires a long time,
initiating to identify the potential areas for Natura 2000 should be a priority.
The process for identifying the areas potential for Natura 2000 is initiated within
the project on Sustainable Forest Management which is implemented by Project
Management Group in consortium with Green Belt and Project Management
International Services Group SRL financed by EU. In this process working groups
consisted by experts fro Prishtina University, Governmental institutions and NGOs
is created.
The project is in the phase of identification of: legal and institutional needs for
Natura 2000; Important flora and fauna areas; National Network of Protected
Areas; Potential biosphere reserves (MAB); World heritage areas UNSECO; Green
Belt initiatives; butterfly important areas ; Emerald network; wetlands (Ramsar);
Important Bird Areas (IBA); red list of IUCN; endemic and relict species etc.

Figure 80. Potential areas for Natura 2000

6. Initiative Bjeshkt e Nemuna a cross border protected

area, Kosovo-Albania-Montenegro
The trans-boundary protected areas are nature protected areas which include two
or more countries, equally protected from the each side of the border. In transboundary areas, each side (country) benefits without harming territorial aspects
of each other. According to the IUCN, transboundary protected areas (Parks) are
defined as transboundary protected areas, which are formally dedicated to the
biological diversity protection, nature and culture heritage values protection and
promoting peace and cooperation.
The political (state) borders are often unfair toward nations but also toward
ecosystems, flora and fauna. Taking into account the obstacles occurring by political
borders, many countries in the world raised the idea to create transboundary
protected areas. Recently in the world exists over 600 transboundary protected
areas. The first international transboundary park is Morokulia wich is located
in cross border between Sweden and Norway. Other famous cross border
international Parks are: Waterton Glacier (USA/Canada), Parque La Amistad (Costa
Rica/Panama), Cordillera del Kondor (Peru/Ecuador), Limpopo (South Africa/
Mozambique) etc.
The initiative for creating the transboundary protected areas in the triangle
Albania-Kosovo-Montenegro is raised by civil society and NGOs AquilaPej
Kosovo, NGO Intelektualt e Rinj Shpres, Shkodr-Albania, NGO Hali
Rozhaj Montenegro, who made first steps and found support from a number
of activists from Colgate University (USA) and Bradford University (UK). Among the
activities for establishing the BPP (Balkan Peace Park) is the activity for empowering
the environmental NGOs from the three sides of the border which created the
coalition known as Coalition for Balkans Peace Park which is established in the
meeting which took place in Rugova (August 2006), supported by the Ministry
of Culture Youth and Sports of Kosovo and SOROS. The coalition is consisted by
six NGOS from Kosovo, Montenegro and Albania. These NGOs are dedicated to
open the debate and to ask for support from all stakeholders, aiming to create a
comprehensive action between three countries.
In order to contribute to the development of the initiative for establishing the
transboundary protected area, a number of activities are realized so far: workshops,
conferences, individual and group study visits, presentations, meetings with
national and local authorities from the three countries, exhibitions with motives
from the area made in Balkans, USA, Canada, UK etc.
Kosovo national Institutions as MESP, MCYS as well as local Institutions with access
to the area, have supported the initiative. Also, International Organizations as
78

UNEP, REC, IUCN and others showed interest and supported the development of
Transboundary protected area.
In order to promote the vision of the project on establishing the transboundary
protected area in November 2006 is organized the conference: Transboundary
Park in Balkans: strategic cooperation among civil society, local authorities
and International Institutions. The conference aim was to awareness raising,
promoting the benefits, to involve important stakeholders and to get support
by local communities, donors and other actors in order to push forward the
implementation of the transboundary protected area in Bjeshket e Nemuna.
Activities are continued in March 2008 in a workshop held in Shkoder, with all
involved actors. The workshop produced the program for integrated development
of area proposed for protection.
The area proposed to be a transboundary (International) Park, is characterized
with high geological and biological diversity, objects of cultural heritage etc,
which are attracting for visitors.
One of the greatest concerns in the area is the depopulation, therefore establishing
the transboundary protected area would help local population to develop their
welfare and through eco-tourism and other benefits to motivate them to continue
living in the area.
Strategic objectives of this project are:

conservation of nature and culture diversity in the transboundary area in

three sides of the border Kosovo-Albania-Montenegro
To promote peace and development, free movement and perspective in
the area
To help local sustainable development, based in family organized ecotourism, agriculture, organic production, traditional handicraft productions,
human resources development, etc

7. Tourism
Tourism represents one of main development fields for a country. Its development
impacts the nature, in particular if sustainable development principles are not
respected. The virgin nature values of Kosovo as well as historical and culture
monuments diversity in Kosovo, offers good opportunities for tourism development.
Tourism resources are identified in almost all parts of Kosovo territory. Malet e
Sharrit and Bjeshket e Nemuna (both of them mountainous areas) are the most
important tourist areas in Kosovo
According to the existing data, the Kosovo tourism realizes 8 10 %of National
GDP21.
After the year 2000, the tourism sector in Kosovo is characterized with spontaneous
uncontrolled and intensive development, which affected the environmental
balance. Assessing from the tourism point of view, Kosovo belong to the developing
countries.
Actually the tourism sector in Kosovo is lacking the tourist offer, which left Kosovo
behind other countries. This sector needs to define its position, to grow the incomes
and at the same time to save the nature resources. The tourist demands in Kosovo
are directly connected with international and local tourists. Data on structure and
countries where tourist come are missing. Tourism in Kosovo is regulated with
the law on tourism which is approved by Kosovo assembly. A strategy on Tourism
development is in process of drawing.

Tourism in Protected Areas

According to the data, tourists in Kosovo prefer mostly mountainous tourism, which
is represented by Tourist area of Bjeshket e Nemuna and tourist area of SHarri.
Other tourist products in Kosovo, but less preferred are: winter - recreational
tourism, culture tourism, adventurous tourism, transit tourism, health tourism
and speleological - tourism.22
Except Malet e Sharrit and Bjeshkt e Nemuna, other protected areas visited
by tourists are: Canyon and waterfall in Mirusha, Rugova Canyon, Spring of Drini I
Bardhe Rive, Bifurcation in Nerodime River, Marble Cave in Gadime etc. Protected
areas in Kosovo do not have tourist information centers or tourist development
plans and or strategies; therefore the number of visitors is rather low.

Tourism in Sharr Mountains (Malet e Sharrit)

The Sharr mountainous massive, offers good conditions for tourism development,
and different kind of tourism activities are developed in the area as: mountainous
21 ISP 2004 Sector report on spatial planning for tourism sector.
22 ISP 2004 - Sector report on spatial planning for tourism sector.

tourism, winter, summer, rural, hunting, fishing. walking, health, alpine and
excursion tourism.
The Sharr tourist region, includes the most attractive complex of Kosovo, good
skiing terrains, the number shape and length of skiing lanes, represent high tourist
values of the area.
Brezovica is the locality of Sharr where the tourism terrain is mostly developed.
Also the experts from OSCE, evaluated the Prevalla as the area with highest tourist
values in Sharr. Brezovica, disposes with 1112 beds, 690 of them belongs to the
A and B categories, which have access to the skiing lanes, telpher, elevator and
other facilitations.23
In the past, this tourist center is visited by a huge number of tourists, but nowadays
it is visited by tourist only for a day time or weekends

Figure 81. Skiing lanes in Brezovic

As another locality with high tourist potential is Prevalla. Part of Prevalla belongs
to Prizren municipality and it is within Sharr National Park area. Types of tourism
activities that develop in Prevalla are: mountainous tourism, health tourism,
excursion tourism etc.
Prevalla is a location, frequently visited by local tourists, organized tourist groups
and these activities take place during the year time entirely.
The tourist infrastructure is not well developed in Prevalla and everything is
improvised and created to be used temporarily (weekend houses, restaurants,
motels). The hotelier services are not to a high class services, there is not an
organized tourism development, lack of management plans and tourist strategies
are evident.
23 MTI (2001) Brief information on Kosovo tourist resources, Prishtin,

Figure 82. Prevalla in winter season

An emergency need in the area is to take under control the developments and to
develop proper urban, tourist and development plans of the area

Figure 83. Tourist map of Kosovo.

Tourist region of Bjeshkt e Nemuna

The tourism region of Bjeshkt e Nemuna includes 2340 km2, with 51500
inhabitants where are included municipalities: Peja, Gjakova, Dean, Burim, Klina,
Rahovec and Junik pilot municipality. This region has good connection capacities
with other centers in Kosovo; also it has good conditions for development of
transboundary tourism with Albania and Montenegro.
The area is characterized with: high snowfalls, good skiing terrains, many high peaks
(Gjeravica 2656 m), water flaws, high forest, rich fauna, and exciting landscapes,
thus offering good conditions for sustainable tourism development.
The tourism region of Bjeshkt e Nemuna, represents a capital area of nature
heritage for tourism development. Based on characteristic nature specifics,
geographical and biological diversity, water resources and landscapes the Albanian
Alps represents the most unique area in Balkans.
Studies made by OECD, show that in this tourist region may be built 10 centers for
development of winter-sportive tourism.
Table 7. Main centers for development of winter-sportive tourism in Bjeshkt e Nemuna 24

Main centers
Maja e Rusolis
Maja e Kurvals
Bjeshkt e Belegut
Koprivniku
Rrasa Zogut
Starzc
Maja e Strellcit
Hala
Maja e Leqinatit
Maja e Mokns
Gjithsej

Nr. Skiers
19.250
11.250
7.550
6.620
5.150
4.150
3.855
3.780
2.760
2.030
65.393

Total capacity of
centers
40.000
22.000
15.000
11.000
10.000
8.000
7.000
7.000
5.000
4.000
129.000

This region is quite rich with monuments of culture heritage and represents a rich
f ethnic-culture treasure of different ages. These monuments are featured with a
diversity of types, qualities, values and historical events.
The tourist region of Bjeshkt e Nemuna is risch with lakes, which enriches the
tourist offer. The most famous lakes are: Radoniqi, Mokna, in Rugov Leqinati
lake, Large lake, small lake in Gjeravica mountain etc.
Among the rare tourist potential of this region are caves as caves in: Radavc,
24 MTI, Department of Tourism, Tourist region of Bjeshkt e Nemuna, 2007

Rugova, Zatriq etc. Thermal water springs in the region are in: Istog, Studenic,
Dean etc.
Geographical position, climate conditions and hydrographic components of the
area offer good condition for development of rich flora and fauna.
As most impressive geomorphologic occurrence with apparent aesthetic attributes
which provocate the curiosity of visitors are also: Rugova Canyon, Drini I Bardhe
River Spring, Cave in Radavc, Cave in Rugova Canyon, Cave in Zatriq, Therma
water spring in Istog, rocky hills etc.

II.
Biodiversity
85

BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity is defined as differences between organisms that live in terrestrial,
maritime and other water ecosystems and ecological complexes in which they
belong; includes diversity among species, between species and ecosystems25.
Biodiversity is a complex notion that means the entirety of species and ecosystems,
or differently said biodiversity means diversity of living species in the planet.
Biodiversity also includes recreational, culture and aesthetic values.
The rapidly consumption growth by the society in one side, population growth in
the other side result with lose of biodiversity and decrease the capability of nature
systems to meet with all human needs demands.
Human activities have increased the rate of lose parallel with economic
development. Unfortunately this process is continuing and the earth is facing
with the high destruction activities in its billion year history. Based on simple
accountings, almost two from three bird species are threatened with decrease of
their populations; one in eight plant species threatened to be disappeared; one of
four mammals, one of four amphibians and one of five reptiles threatened.
Also in a threatened situation are forest ecosystems, which represent essential
biological ecosystems. According to the data of World Institute for resources, only
one of five parts of original plant coverage has survived as unfragmented, whilst
still the deforestation is continuing rapidly.
Kosovo even a small country, it is distinguished with rich biodiversity. Its
geographical position, geological factors, hydrology and climate are some of
factors that enabled Kosovo to have rich biological diversity, rich flora, fauna and
vegetation as well as presence relict, endemic and other important species.

Flora and Vegetation

Based on researches made so far, in Kosovo are inventoried about 1800 species of
vascular flora, but it is supposed this number is much higher and reaches about
2500 species. It means the Kosovo species inventory is not completed yet.
Kosovo vegetation is represented by 139 plant associations grouped in 63 alliances,
35 orders and 20 classes. Sharr Mountains and Bjeshket e nemuna Mountains are
considered to be centers of biodiversity in Kosovo.
In the territory of National park Malet e Sharrit are identified over 2000 species
of vascular flora, that represents 25 % of Balkan flora and about 18% of European
Flora. Based on existing data, about 29%of these species are to endemic character.
From total number of identified species in mallet e Sharrit, 86 species are
declared to be internationally important, 26 species included in European Red
List, and according to the IUCN 32 species of Sharr Mountains are evidenced in
25 Rio Convention 1992 Rio de Janeiro

the red list of threatened species. Only in sub alpine and alpine area of Bjeshket
e Nemuna mountains are evidenced 797 species of vascular flora, where 128 of
them are with endemic character.

Number of
intenrationally
important species

Number of species inc

luded in the list of IUCN

Number of species
included in the European
red list

Figure 84. Floristic specter of species in Sharr Mountains with international protection status

Also the fact that a number of relict, endemic and sub-endemic species makes
the Flora of Kosovo, to be very important and interesting for researches from the
world wide..
During the period 2005-2007, teams of KINP have visited most of endemic species
localities and made the assessment of the state.

FAMILY / Specie

Biotope

location
in Kosovo

Endemic specie of

Nr.

Flowering/ Fruits

Table 8. Some plant species with endemic character

state

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

Aristolochia
merxmuelleri Greuter
et Mayer 1985.

IV/
V-VI

Rocky sand terrains,

near by shrubs,
serpentine substrate

Mirusha
region

Kosovo

Well developed
population in
limited areas

Sharr
mountains
(Oshlak).

Kosovo
Stenoendemic

Well developed
population in
limited areas

Dev
Golesh.

Kosovo
Stenoendemic

Threatened
population

ASTERACEAE

Achillea alexandri
Regis Bornm. et Rud.
1934.

VII/
VIII

Grassy areas and

in etinaku forest
(Achilleo Pinetum
mugi) in alpine areas.

Centaurea albertii
Rexhepi 1980.

VIVII
/
VIII-IX

In rocky, grassy, hilly

areas up to 1000 m
asl. Only in serpentine
substrates.

IV-VI/
VI

Rocky-calcareous
terrains

Pashtrik
(Gorozhup).

Kosovo

VIVII/
VIII

Rocky serpentine
terrains in
mountainous subalpine areas

Ostrovic
(1500 1900
m. lasl.

Kosovo

Rare

VIVII/
VIII

Rocky, grassy terrains

in sub-alpine and
alpine areas

Sharr
Mountains
(Luboten,
Prevallc).

Kosovo

Threatened
population

VIVII/
VIII

Rocky, grassy terrains

in hilly serpentine
terrains

Goranc (Hani
i Elezit).

Kosovo

rare (stenoendemic should

be protected by
the law)

VIVII/
VIII

In rocky calcareous
terrains in sub-alpine
areas

Sharr
Mountain
(Luboten),
Oshlak).

Kosovo

Rare

VII
VIII /
IX

In rocky calcareous
terrains in sub-alpine
and alpine areas

Albanian Alps

Kosovo

Should be
protected by
the law

BORAGINACEAE
4

Cynoglossum
krasniqii 1986.
BRASSICACEAE

Bornmuellera dieckii
Deg. 1900.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Dianthus scardicus
Wettst. 1892.

CONVOLVULACEAE
7

Convolvulus
cochlearis Griseb.
1844.
CRASSULACEAE

Sedum flexuosum
ettst. 1892.

Sempervivum
kosaninii Praeger
1930.
DIPSACACEAE

Cephalaria
pastricensis Dorfl. et
Hayek. 1921.

VIVII/
VIII

In grassy terrains, with

shrubs, mountainous
and alpine forests

Pashtrik,
Albanian Alps
(Lumbardhi
Mountains,
Zhleb).

Kosovo

Threatened
populations
(Should be
protected by the
law)

Kosovo

Threatened
populations
(Should be
protected by the
law)

FABACEAE
Albanian Alps
(Lumbardhi
Mountains,

Astragalus fialae
Degen 1900.

VII/
VIII

In rocky alpine areas

Trifolium wettsteinii
Dorf. et Hayek 1921.

VII
VIII/
VIII-IX

In alpine and subalpine pastures

Pashtrik.

Balkan

Rare (Should be
protected by the
law)

VII
VIII/
VIIIIX

Rocky calcareous
terrains in hillymountainous areas

Lumbardhit
gorge Prizrenit.

Kosovo

Rare (Should be
protected by the
law)

Thymus albanus H.
Braun 1892.

VVI/
VIIIIX

Dry areas, shrubs,

pastures, alpine and
sub-alpine forests,
mostly in calcareous
substrates.

Oshlak,
Koritnik,
Albanian Alps.

Balkan

Should be
protected by
the law

Thymus doerfleri
Ronn. 1924.

VIVII/
VIIIIX

Dry areas, rare forests

of sub-alpine e
mountains

Koritnik.

Kosovo

Rare (Should be
protected by the
law)

Thymus rochlenae Vel.

1903.

VI/ VII

Pastures, grasslands,
in mountainous and
sub-alpine areas

Oshlak,
Deanit.

Kosovo

Threatened
populations
(Should be
protected by the
law)

VIVII/
VII

In fresh rocky terrains

of mountainous subalpine areas

Sharr
Mountains,
Albanian Alps.

Kosovo

Should be
protected by
the law

VVI/
VII

Pastures, serpentines

Koznik,
Mirusha,
Godanc,
Gllanasell

Kosovo

Should be
protected by
the law

VII /
VIII

Shrubby, grassy areas

in mountainous sobalpine areas

Albanian Alps
(Zhleb, Rusoli).

Kosovo

Rare populations
(Should be
protected by the
law)

VII
VIII /
VIII

In Acidic rocks to
volcano origin in
altitude 2000 m.

Sharr
Mountains
(Guri i Zi
(Restelic
Kosov).

VI
VII /
VII

In alpine areas
pastures

Sharr
Mountains

Kosovo

Small or large
groups

Sharr
Mountains
(Bistra, Maja e
Zez).

VII
VIII/
IX

Rocky, grassy terrains

of alpine areas

Shrubby serpentine
areas

Gubavc (Pej)..

Saxifrage scardica
Griseb. 1843.

VI
VIII/
VIII X

Rocky terrains of
alpine areas

Koritnik,
Albanian Alps
(Leqinak,
Koprivnik etj).

Verbascum
scardicolum Bornm.
1922.

VII
VIII/
VIII

Wulfenia blecicii Lak.

1971.

Rubus ipecensis rech.

1935.

SAXIFRAGACEAE

VIOLACEAE
Viola gracilis Sib. Et
Smith. 1806.

Figure 85. Achilleo Aleksandri Regis

Figura 85. Achilleo Aleksandri Regis

Fig. 86. Aconitum pentheri

Figure 87. Stipas mayer

Figura 88. Potentilla dorfleri

Figure 88. Potentilla dorfleri

Figure 89. Micromeria albanica

Figure 90. Convolvulus cochlearis

91. Harta
e lokaliteteve
te llojeve
t rndsishme endemike
Figure 91. MapFigura
of localities
of important
endemic
species

Flora of Kosovo is characterized with some species that have small areal and which
are recognized as rare and threatened species. Follow is prepared a short list of
rare and threatened plant species . Kosovo still do no thavethe national red list.

Table 9. Some plants species, considered to be rare and threatened species in Kosovo

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

Taxus baccata L.
Quercus trojana ebb.
Ulmus campestris L.
Acer heldreichii Orph.
Forsythia europea Deg. Et Bald.
ulfenia carinthiaca Jack.
Tulipa scardica Bornm.
Trollius europeus L.
Lilium albanicum Gris.
Dianthus scardicus etst.
Fritillaria graeca Boiss. Et Sprun.
Narcissus poeticus L.
Rumex balcanicus Roth.
Ilex aquilifolium L.
Dphne blagayana Freyer.
Ramonda serbica Pan.
Paeonia decera Anders.
Paeonia corallina Retz.
aldesteinia geoides illd.
Polugala dorfleri Hayek.
Moltkea doerfleri ettst.
Dioscorea balcanica Koshan.
Rhododendron ferrugineum L.
Gentiana lutea L.

Figura 92 Forsythia europea

Figure 92 Forsythia europea

Figura 93. Quercus trojana

Figure 93. Quercus trojana

Figura 94. Moltkea doerfleri

Figure 94. Moltkea doerfleri

Figura
95.
Figura
95. Paeonia
decora
Figure 95. Paeonia decora

Medical Plants
Particular roles in the flora of Kosovo have medical and aromatic species. It is
evidenced that these species are threatened by uncontrolled collection. The most
significant problem is that these species are collected in the time of flowering, by
interrupting their reproduction process.

Tab. 10. List of medical plants which have economical potential.

Name in English

Type of
plant

Dellinja e zeze

common juniper

Tree

Juniperus oxycedrus

Dellinja e kuqe

juniper

Tree

Equisetum arvense

Keputja e ares

horsetail

Herb

Pinus nigra

Pisha e zeze

Austrian pine

Tree

Pinus sylvestris

Pisha e bardhe
Tuja perendimore

scotch pine

Tree

cedar

Tree

calamus

Herb

Family

Scientific name

Name in Albanian

Cupressaceae

Juniperus communis

Non flowering plants

Equisetaceae
Pinaceae

Thuja occidentalis

Flowering plants
Kashtefryza

Acoraceae

Acorus calamus

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium

Barpezmi

common yarrow

Herb

Cichorium intybus

Bresa

chicory

Herb

Matricaria chamomilla

Kamomili

German chamomile

Herb

Taraxacum officinale

Lule shrudha mjekesore

common dandelion

Herb

Tussilago farfara

Thunder mushke

coltsfoot

Herb

Urtica dioica

Hithra

stinging nettle

Herb

Arctium lappa

Rrodhja

greater burrdock

Herb

Artemisia absinthium

Pelini

absinthium

Herb

Arnica montana

Arnika

mountain arnica

Herb

Calendula officinalis

Kalendula mjekesore

pot marigold

Herb

Betulaceae

Betula pendula

Meshtekna

European hite birch

Tree

Boraginaceae

Symphytum officinale

Kufelma mjekesore

common comfrey

Herb

Caprifoliaceae

Sambucus nigra

Shtogu

Eu. black elderberry

Tree

Caryophyllaceae

Saponaria officinalis

Saponika

bouncingbet

Herb

Cornaceae

Cornus mas
Capsella bursapastoris
Castanea sativa
Arctostaphylos uvaursi
Vaccinium myrtillus

Cornelian cherry

Tree

Mediculs-shtraper

shepherds purse

Herb

Geshtenja

European chestnut

Brassicaceae
Fagaceae
Ericaceae

Rrush arusha
Boronica

Bilberry

Herb

Sanza

yello gentian

herb

Lulja e ballsamit te shpuar

St. Johnswort

herb

Centaurium erythraea

Bar ethesh

Hypericaceae

Gentiana lutea
Hypericum
perforatum
Melissa officinalis

Fabaceae

Tree
Herb

Gentianaceae

Lamiaceae

common balm

herb

Rigoni i zakonshem

oregano

herb

Prunella vulgaris

Prunella

common selfheal

herb

Salvia officinalis

Sherbela

kitchen sage

herb

Teucrium chamaedrys
Thymus serphyllum
Thymus pulegioides
Satureja hortensis

Arresi dushkvogel
lemon thyme

herb

Thrumbisht

summer savory

herb

Stachys officinalis

Sarusha mjekesore

common hedgenettle

herb

Trfoja

alfalfa

herb

Medicago sativa

Melissa

herb

Origanum vulgare

Ononidis spinosa

Thana

Krasta

Therra e lepurit

Phaseolus vulgaris

Fasulja

kidney bean

herb

Galega officinalis

Qerbashi

professor-weed

herb

Liliaceae

Colchicum autumnale

Xherrokulli

autumn crocus

herb

Malvaceae

Malva sylvestris

Mellaga pyjore

high mallo

herb

Althaea officinalis

Mullanjadhja

common marshmallow

herb

Chelidonium majus

Latrapeci

celandine

herb

Papaver rhoeas

Lulkuqu

corn poppy

herb

Plantaginaceae

Plantago lanceolata

Gjethdelli heshtor

Narrow leaf plantain

herb

Primulaceae

Primula veris
Paeonia officinalis
Paeonia decorah
Paeonia carolina
Crateagus monogyna

Agulicja

cowslip primrose

herb

Bozhure mjekesore

common peony

herb

Murrizi njeberthamor

Rosa canina

Trendafili I eger

dog rose

herb

Agrimonia eupatoria

Agrimoni

churchsteeples

herb

Papaveraceae

Ranunculaceae
Rosaceae

Alchemilla vulgaris

Virak

Rubiaceae

Galium verum

Ngjitesja e vertete

Yellow Spring bedstra

herb

Rutaceae
Salicaceae =
Celastraceae
Sapindaceae

Dictamnus albus

Bari I uzos

gasplant

herb

Salix alba
Aesculus
hippocastanum
Verbascum sp.

Shelgu
Gshtenja e egr

Digitalis lanata

white willow

tree

horse chestnut

tree

Luletogeza leshtake

Grecian foxglove

Herb

Digitalis purpurea

Luletogezi I purepurte

purple foxglove

Herb

Atropa bella-donna

Helmarina

belladonna

Herb

Capsicum annuum

Speci

cayenne pepper

Herb

Malvaceae

Tilia cordata

Bliri gjethvogel

littleleaf linden

Tree

Apiaceae

Daucus carota

Karota

Queen Annes lace

Herb

Scrophulariaceae

Solanaceae

Pimpinella anisum

Anason

anise burnet saxifrage

Herb

Angelica archangelica

Angjelika

angelica

Herb

Foeniculum vulgare

Marac

sweet fennel

Herb

Valerianacae

Valeriana officinalis

Haraqina mjeksore

garden valerian

Herb

Verbenaceae

Verbena officinalis

Sporisi mjeksor

herb of the cross

Herb

Verbenaceae

Verbena officinalis

Figura 96. Cornus mas

Figure 96. Cornus mas

Sporisi mjeksor

herb of the cross

Herb

Figura 97. Crataegus monogyna

Figure 97. Crataegus monogyna

Forests
Forests are the most advanced nature ecosystems. They are very important due
to the rich biodiversity. Forests are climate regulatory, they save the water and
air quality, and they save the soil from the erosion. Also forests are the largest
accumulators of CO2 in the earth and largest suppliers to the atmosphere with
oxygen. Forests are renewable nature resources, and their products can be used
for industry and for other purposes. In forests develops huge number of animal
and plant species which are important for food and for medical purposes. Forests
serve as barrier for the winds and they offer relaxing conditions for human
beings. Even so, human impact in forests is increasing. By uncontrolled cutting,
we contribute to the environmental changes, climate changes, flooding etc. Also,
forests are sensitive in air pollution.
According to the national forest inventory made in 2003, it is estimated that total
forestry surface in Kosovo is 464 800 ha or 42% of total Kosovo territory. About
278 880 ha are forestry lands in public ownership, managed by Kosovo Forestry
Agency (KFA), which is organized in 6 geographical regions. The deciduous forests
represent 90 % of Kosovo forests and they are dominated by oak and beech, whilst
conifer forests covers about 7% of total forest area and they are dominated by
pines, spruce. 26

Figure 98. Map of forests in Kosovo

The total volume of live wood in public forestry lands is estimated to be 33.5 million
m3 and in private forests 19.5 million m3. The annual gross growth is approximately
26 KFA , 2007

100

1.3 million m3. Inventory of forests allowed quantity for annual cutting from about
900.000 m3 correspond with 77% of annual growth. About 700,000 m3 will be cut
in high forests and 200.000 m3 in law forests. The road infrastructure is not good
developed and not maintained during the last years. This resulted with wood
cutting mostly in the areas with easy access and most of forests with allowed
cutting volume are remained in remote areas, where access is nit easy. Currently
legal wood cutting quantity is about 200,000 m3 a year. Since after the war, most
of wood quantity is used for fire (hitting) as main resource for hitting. The demand
for dire wood is huge, and according to the estimations the national demand per
year is about 1 million m3.
The biggest part of Kosovo forests (aout 50%) belongs to the age between 0-20
years, whilst the smaller part (17%) belongs to the age 60-80 years.
Table 11. Age and ownership of forests in % (KFA 2006)
Age/Years

Public forests

Private forests

0-20

29 %

23 %

20-40

18 %

32 %

40-60

11 %

23 %

60-80

Approximately about 240 ha a year are afforested in Kosovo. It is an institute in Peja,

which produces about 700 000 young plants a year. Main species for afforesting
are Pinus Nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Pseudotsuga taxifolia. Each year the
KFA allocates about 10% of produced young plants for private sector. The biggest
success achieved so far is considered to be mixed afforesting. A study made in
2001 about the forestry, has concluded that the annual value of products and
forestry lands is between 50 70 million . So far, the contribute of forestry in
national GDP is calculated to be between 1.8 % and 2.6%.
Tabela 12. Forestation according to the specie and ownership (MAFRD 2003)
Type of forest

Public forest

Private

Unknown

Total

Temporarily without trees

21.200

7.600

3.400

32.200

Natural forestation

82.000

74.000

15.200

171.200

Artificial forestation

1.800

400

---

36.600

Mixed forestation

64.000

54.000

19.000

137.000

Forest inventory has estimated that about 40% of public forests and 29% of private
forest were subject of illegal cutting. The results of the inventory confirm the experts
opinion that low forests, particularly those in public ownership, are under the high
pressure of cutting and using them for fire wood. Results also show that many of
101

young and middle age forests needs urgent management interventions, starting
from pre commercial cleaning/rarefaction, up to the commercial rarefaction.
Forests are also source of non wood products, like mushrooms, blackberries,
fruit trees, hazelnut, chestnut etc; as well as their secondary products. No doubt,
hunting and tourism are great opportunity that forests offer.
Kosovo forests are divided in high forests, low forests, shrubs, and degraded
forests. The largest part of Kosovo forests is consisted by low forests (42%), and
the smallest part represents high forests (15%)
Table 13. Kosovo forests according to the type and ownership in ha and % (KFA)
Ownership
Type of forest

%
State

Private

Total

High forests

51000

15000

66000

Low forests

116000

63000

179000

Degraded forest

34000

48000

82000

Shrubs

67000

36000

103000

Total

268000

162000

430000

100

Over 50 000 ha of forests are included in protected areas. Largest part belongs
to tne National Park Mali Sharr (18.884 ha) and Grmia (885 ha). The surface
of protected forests is intended to be grown. Since 2003, it is proposed to be
declared as a National Park the Bjeshket e Nemuna Mountains, which have a
surface about 20 000 ha of forests.
According to the data presented in the published report by the commission for
evaluation of forests damaged by the fire, about 6 682 ha of Kosovo forests are
included in the fire during 2007. From this surface, 4 142 ha are public property
and 2 548 ha are private property. About 1439 ha of damaged surface is pasture.
The total lost volume in m3, expressed in Euro, it is estimated to be 29645, whilst
the lost volume of technical wood in m3 is 17 170. Total value of lost live wood is
2 942 338.
Forests are main resources for economical, social and environmental welfare of
Kosovo population. A large part of biodiversity is spread in forests, and forest
management in the future will be a key issue, in order to meet the criteria of
Nature 2000 network and EU directives on habitats and birds. The great benefits
from forests may be achieved only if they are managed properly and in accordance
with the principles of Sustainable Forest Management

102

Fig. 99. Spruce forest in Sharr Mountain

Fig. 99. Pyjet e hormoqit n Malet e Sharrit

Figure 100. Beech forest in Sharr Mountain

103

Figure 101. Forest cutting in Bjeshkt e Nemuna

104

FAUNA
Taking into account the geographical position, complex of ecological, historical
and other factors, Kosovo belongs to the richest fauna countries in Balkans.
The richest fauna territories are: Malet e Sharrit, Bjeshkt e Nemuna,
Kopaoniku, Mokna, and othes mountainous massifs as well as rivers and
lakes.
According go the researches made so far, in Kosovo are identified over 250 wild
vertebrate species as wellas a number of invertebrates (so far recognized 200
butterfly species, over 500 macrozoobentos species).
In the list of protected areas exist two strict nature reserves, where are protected
two animal species. Nature reserve of Rusenica in Suhareka municipality, where
is the habitat of lynx and Kozhnjari in Dean municipality, habitat of wild goat
(Rupicapra rupicapra).
Within fauna, an important role have birds where are identified 180 species.
The most rich areas with bird species are: Bjeshkt e Nemuna and Malet e
Sharrit.

Figura 102. Flutura fushore

Figure 102. Field butterfly

Figura103 erdhe e mllenjs (Turdus merulla)

Figure 103 Black bird nest (Turdus merulla)

The high forests and mountainous ecosystems offer good conditions for
important mammal populations as: brown bear (Ursus arctos), lynx, roe
(Capreolus capreolus), wild cat (Rupicapra rupicapra), then many preying and
singer birds important for Kosovo, Balkans and European Ornitofauna. The
mountainous Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) falcon (Falco naummani), health cocks
(Tetrao urogallus) are some of representative species which have international
protection status.

105

Fauna in Bjeshkt e Nemuna

The territory of Bjeshket e Nemuna is distinguished by exceptional rich
biological and landscape diversity. The geographical position, geologic structure
and climate characteristics, makes it to be a specific area which offers good living
conditions to a huge number of animal and plant species.
The Bjeshkt e Nemuna are characterized with a rich heterogenic, endemic and
interesting fauna. This fauna potential of Bjeshket e Nemuna in particular and of
Kosovo in general are product of Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian and Nordic- Alpine
impacts as well as by the many ecological changes in the past. In this area can be
found many mammal and bird species which are rare species for Balkans region.
Most of them are relic, endemic, threatened species, therefore they are listed in
European and international conventions as species to be protected
Based in researches made so far, the fauna of Bjeshket e Nemuna is consisted
by: 8 fish species, 13 amphibian species, 10 reptile species, 148 bird species (it is
assumed the number of bird species to be much higher), 37 mammal species and
127 butterfly species which belong to the order Lepidoptera.
The most representative species that inhabit the Bjeshket e Nemuna are: Lynx,
brown bear (Ursus arctos), roe(Capreolus capreolus), wild goat (Rupicapra
rupicapra), mountainous eagle(Aquila chrysaetos), falcon(Falco naummani),
Tetrao urogallu) etc.

fish

amphibians

reptile

Figure 104. Fauna structure in Bjeshkt e Nemuna

106

birds

mammals

Ihtiofauna
In the territory of Bjeshket e Nemuna is permeated by many water streams,
whilst the main water capacity represents the Lumebardhi River. According to the
ichtiologic characteristics, these waters belong to Salmonide type, which represents
a habitat of two trout populations (Salmo trutta m. fario L. and Salmo marmoratus
C.). These water streams are active in all seasons and resists to dry seasons. Due
to the terrain, the water stream is fast, and during the snowfalls water becomes
turbulent. The water temperatures in the area are relatively stable and the water is
not significantly affected by industrial pollution. In the water upstream, the trout is
dominant fish specie, whilst in the rest of the water stream are dominant species of
Ciprinide family.

Herpetofauna
Bjeshkt e Nemuna represents the most important area concerning to the
amphibians and reptiles in Balkan Peninsula. Researches made so far have
evidenced: 13 amphibian species and 10 reptile species.
Amphibians: The biggest number of amphibians is connected to the water
environment in the period of reproduction, whilst the rest of the time they pass
in wet areas as: under the roots, fallen leafs, and other wet areas. Amphibians of
Bjeshket e Nemuna are represented by two orders, urodella (one family, 2 genres
and 6 species).

Species of Anura order can be found in wetlands, forest or next to the water surfaces,
pyllit dhe e knetave, hardhucat dhe gjarprinjt.
whilst some species of frog live exclusively
in water environments. In this order are
included 5 families with 7 species.
Reptiles: In the group of reptiles that inhabit
the Bjeshkve t Nemuna territory are
identified 5 families with 10 species, like
forest turtle, lizards and snakes species

Figura
105. Breshka (Testudo sp.)
Figure 105. Turtle (Testudo sp.)
107

Ornitofauna
Natural habitats of Bjeshkve t Nemuna offer good hosting conditions for
many bird species. Most of the bird species are endemic and have an unfavorable
protecting status. So far are evidenced 148 bird species but it is assumed to be about
200 species. Their protection has international character; therefore the Bjeshkt
e Nemuna are evidenced in international list as IBA region (Important Bird Area).
Birds inhabit different parts of the area and they can not be found everywhere. A
small number of them is connected to small areal, in specific terrains like specie
heath cook (Tetrao urogallus). Other important bird species are: Aquila chrysaetos,
Aquila heliaca, Falco naumanni, Crex crex, Otis tarda, Alectoris graeca, etc. Among
them, 4 species have ths status of globally threatened species. .

Mammalofauna
In Bjeshkt e Nemuna inhabit all mammal species that can be found in other parts
of Kosovo as well as Balkan Peninsula. Some species are connected exclusively for
high mountainous areas, as: wild cat, brown bear. The most spread mammals are
gnawer species. The class of mammals is consisted by three insectivore species, 19
gnawer species, 11 carnivore species, 1 non ruminant specie, 3 ruminant species. In
the Bjeshkt e Nemuna are evidenced mammal species that are listed in the list
of internationally threatened species. Important populations of large mammals are
populations of species: brown bear (Ursus arctos), Lynx lynx, wild goatt (Rupicapra
rupicapra), roe (Capreolus capreolus), wolf (canis lupus), jackal (Canis aureus), etc.

Figure 106. Wild goat (Rupicapra rupicapra)

108

Order

Family

Specie

PODICIPEDIFORMES

CICONIIFORMES

ANSERIFORMES

FALCONIFORMES

GALLIFORMES

CHARADRIFORMES

COLUMBIFORMES

CUCULIFORMES

STRIGIFORMES

CAPRIMULGIFORMES

APODIFORMES

CORACIFORMES

PICIFORMES

PASSERIFORMES
Total : 14

ruminant
8%
nonruminant
3%

Table 14. Ornitofauna

of Bjeshkt e
Nemuna

148

insectivora
8%

carnivora
30 %
ganawer
51 %

Figure 107.
Mammalofauna of
Bjeshkt e Nemuna in
orders

109

Fauna in Sharr Mountains

Territory of Sharr Mountains with its different biotopes is very rich in terms of fauna
species. There are present species which are exclusively linked for specific biotopes,
that means they have small real. The fauna of Sharr Mountains is not researched
sufficiently, but from the existing data it is concluded that fauna of the area is
consisted by: 7 fish species, 9 amphibian species, 10 reptile species, 154 bird species
and 30 mammal species
Pisces
Territory of Sharr is characterized with small water streams and mountainous rivers
that belong to the Lepenc river basin, which discharges in Aegean Sea, and to the
Bistrica e Prizrenit River that discharges in Adriatic Sea. Based in existing data in
Sharr Mountains are identified following fish species: Salmo trutta [Link] L., Barbus
fluviatilis Ag., Anguilla vulgaris , Esox lucius, Cyprinus carpio, Perca fluviatilis.
Amphibians
Following species are evidenced: Salamandra maculosa, Salamandra atra, Triturus
vulgaris, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, (Hyla arborea, Rana temporaria, Rana dalmatina,
Rana graeca
Reptilia: Emys orbicularis, Testudo graeca, Lacerta viridis, Lacerta muralis, Lacerta
agilis, Natrix natrix, Natrix tesselata, Vipera ammodytes, Vipera berus, Anguis
fragilis

Figure 108.
Frog in Sharr
Mountain
(Rana sp)

110

Birds (Aves)
Birds are present in all Sharri biotopes, whilst, number of their populations overcomes
all other classes of fauna, with exception of insects. The biggest number of bird
species has a broad spread, therefore they can be found in all areas of the Sharr
Mountains. Due to the numbr of bird species, according to the provisions of IUCN,
Sharr Mountains should be protected as Ornito reserve
Table 15. Ornito-fauna of Sharr
Order

Family

Specie

FALCONIFORMES

GALLIFORMES

CHARADRIFORMES

COLUMBIFORMES

CUCULIFORMES

STRIGIFORMES

CAPRIMULGIFORMES

APODIFORMES

CORACIFORMES

PICIFORMES

PASSERIFORMES

Total: 11

154

Figure 109. The Eagle (Buteo buteo) in Sharr Mountains 2008

111

Figura 110. Lejleku i bardh (Ciconia ciconia), Shterpce 2008

Figure 110. White stork (Ciconia ciconia), Shterpce 2008

Mammals
The fauna of Sharr mammals is represented with all species that Inhabit
Kosovo, as well as with other species which are ecologically linked with their
habitats in high mountainous areas. Sharr is characterized with endemic
mammal species.
Some of mammal species of Sharr:
Insectivora): Erinaceus europeus, Talpa europae, Sorex araneus.
Rodentia: Lepus europaeus, Ondatra zibethica, Arvicola terrestris, Mus musculus,
Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus silvaticus, Glis glis, Muscardinus avellanarius,
Scirius vullgaris, Spalax monticola, Cricetus vulgaris, Cricetus cricetus, Castor
fiber .
carnivora: lynx, Ursus arctos, Canis lupus, Canis vulpes, Felis silvestris, Meles meles,
112

Martes martes, Martes foina, Lutra lutra, Mustela nivalis, Putorius putorius.
Non ruminant: Sus scrofa, r
Ruminant: Capreolus capreolus, Rupicapra rupicapra.
Chiroptera: no specific researches are made in Sharr area for bats.

Fig. 111. Shqiponja e maleve (Aquila chrysaetos ) Sharr, 2005

Fig. 111. Mountainous eagle (Aquila chrysaetos ) Sharr, 2005

113

Ex- situ animal management ( MINI -ZOO-s)

There are not Institutional practices in Kosovo for Ex situ species protection.
But, there are some private initiatives to carry few species of wild fauna in so
called Mini ZOOs. In this cases are carried
During the year 2005, KINP realized an activity for evidencing all tMini ZOOs,
respectively species they carry on. In this case are evidenced, species, number
of species and conditions where they are carried. A conclusion is that none of
these ZOOs meet the criteriato be a zoo.
Mostly these kind of Zoos are set up in different restaurants and they are
opened for visitors. In very improper cages they closed species which are
strictly protected by international conventions, like: Ursus arctos Linn., Cervus
elaphus Linn., Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus, Meles meles, Aquila chrysaetos, Gyps
fulvus, Buteo buteo L., Falco pelegrinus, Streptotelia decaocta, Falco pelegrinus
etc

Figura
112.
TreTre
arinjt
(para
ikjes
s 2s
prej
tyre)tyre)
Figura
112.
(para
ikjes
2 prej
Figure
[Link]
Three bears,
Restaurant
Freskia in Grmia

114

Figure 113. Fox in Restaurant Freskia

in Grmia

n Restorant Freskia n Grmi

Figura
i murrm
oborrin e
Figure114.
[Link]
Brown
bear in thengarden
of KBAgronomi in Gjinofc Suharek

Figura
116.116.
Shqiponja
e maleve
(Aquila
Figure
Eagle (Aquila
chrysaetos)
restaurant Shqiponja Prizren

Figura 118.
Ariu
i murrm
arctos)
Figure
118.
Brown bear(Ursus
(Ursus arctos)
restaurant Shqiponja Prizren

Figure 115. Deer (Cervus

elaphus),restaurant Ariu, Prishtin

Figure 117. Gyps fulvus, restaurant

Shqiponja Prizren

Figura 119. wolf (Canis lupus)

restaurant Shqiponja Prizren

115

Figure 120. Eagle (Buteo buteo L.)

restaurant Shqiponja Prizren

FiguraFigura
121.121.
Skifteri
i prhimt (Falco
Falcon (Falco
pelegrinus) restaurant Shqiponja
Prizren

There is lack of ZOO in Kosovo and it is well known that real Zoo serve for scientific,
educative culture and recreational purposes. Also Zoo contributes to the ex-situ
conservation of certain species.
Taking in to the account the conditions that a zoo should meet, like space,
environment, food, number of individuals and reproduction conditions, contact
with other species, natural living conditions etc, we may conclude that al of
this Mini ZOOs should be closed because they give a bad message to the new
generations concerning the living conditions we should offer for specific species.
Taking in to account the obligations derived bythe law on nature protection as well
as International Conventions in the field of wildlife protection (CITES convention,
Bern Convention etc) Minister of MESP has adopted the decision27 for protection
of certain rare and threatened mammal specie. Article 3 of this decision indicates:
In particular it is banned: every capture, isolation and trade of these species, as
well as article 5 Action s that violate the provisions of this decision will be punished
according to the applied provisions.
According to this decision as rarities, rare and threatened mammal species of
Kosovo are declared as strictly protected the following species:

Brown bear (Ursus arctos),

Lynx (Lynx lynx),
Wild goat (Rupicapra rupicapra),
Roe(Capreolus capreolus),
Wild cat (Felis sylvestris),
Deer(Cervus elaphus),

27 Decision nr.04/03 MESP, dt. 23 MAY 2003

116

Squirrel (Scirius vulgaris),

Golden marten (Martes martes),
White marten (Martes foina) and
Muscardinus avellanarius

Protection of threatened fauna species in situ is regulated in the way that special
areas are declared as nature reserves of protected species.
There is not any management plan that currently would ensure the sustainability
wildlife management.
According to the data collected in the field the state of high mammals is not good.
The fauna is impacted by the increasing human activities like enlargement of
settlements, tourism development, road infrastructure development, construction
of industrial and hotelier installations, uncontrolled forest cutting, uncontrolled
hunting, unsustainable use of nature resources. All the above mentioned
impacts have affected the ecosystem balance, have contributed to the habitat
fragmentation, and to the disappearance of certain species.

117

Fishery
There is only recreative fishing in Kosovo - (anglers in English) which means fishing by
fishhook for sport and recreation. There is no commercial fishing, because there are no
resources to carry out this kind fishing, which means fishing for profit-seeking. This fishing
activity has less chance to happen in the near future. There is no protected area by law for
fishing so far, regarding to the fishing. Sportive recreational fishery in a way is organized
through fishing which carries out inspection through 14 local fishing associations. It
is a concern illegal fishing .This activity of illegal anglers very often is in a period of fish
reproduction, having an impact in reduction of their fond, which is strictly unlawful by Law
for fishery and aquaculture. Currently, in Kosovo are produced about 500 to 600 tons of
fish of Californian trout (Oncorhnchus mykiss).
In total, there are 13 farms cultivating trout and carp. This means that approximately
600 tons of food with proteins (as contaminants of environment with N and P) in a trout
farms. Other contaminants are different medications as are: antibiotics, disinfectants and
antiparasitics. Fish in the farms is modified genetically; this may have an impact in a fish
living in free environment, there where is trout living in rivers.
Another potential problem may be transmission of disease from farm fish in a fish living in
a free environment. The disease can be transsmised from other countries, because of fish
and fish eggs are imported. Also, are produced about 40 tons of carp which is, a smaller
contaminant of the environment because of food stuffs used for their feeding (corns).
Animal fond
Animal fond in Kosovo has been increased evidently during these years .According to the
informations from Department of Livestock, within MAFRD, cattle and poultry are the
animals dominating, and in a less number there are horses and goats. According to the
data from the general registration of livestock population, made in
2004, only 2 % of the bovine belong to commercial farms, which mean that they mostly
are distributed in husbandries (small farms). The average number of cattle per husbandry
is 1.12 heads per husbandry, and 15 heads per large farms. The average number of dairy
cows per husbandry is 1.57 in small farms, respectively 8.5 in large farms.28.
Tabela 16: Animal fond 29
Animal Species
Cattle
Sheep
Goats
Swine
House
Poultry-Comnercial farms
Poultry-Backyard farms
Bee hives

Number heads
256.007
120.102
13.154
48.000
5.672
493.900
1.500.000
43.000

Farms in Kosovo are mainly small and half commercial .According to the registration,
made in 2005, in Kosovo there are 171.179 registered farms. About 80% of the farms
are smaller than 5 ha30. This means that development of agriculture is in a small
level.
28 ESK-Kosovo in digits 2005
29 MAFRD
30 ESK-Kosovo in 2005

118

Legal and
Institutional
Framework
119

Legal Framework
The basic law for protected areas and biodiversity is the Law on Nature protection
(2006/22) and all subsequent legal acts. Also, a number of activities in nature is
regulated by other laws.
Kosovo Assembly so far have approved the following Laws with regard to the
nature protection:
Law on nature protection (2006/22)
Law on environment ( 2003/9)
Law on water (2004/41)
Law on Spatial Planning ( 2003/30 )
Law on National Park Mali i Sharrit (1986 )
Law on forests (2003/6),(2004/40)
Law on hunting (2006/41)
Law on Fishery and Aquaculture (2006/58)
Important sub regulations:
Administrative Instruction on EIA (Nr.09/2004-MMPH)
Administrative Instruction on the central register of Nature Protected
Areas: (Nr.04/2006-MMPH, 2006 )
Administrative Instruction on signalization of Nature Protected Areas
(Nr.01/07-MMPH , 2006)
Administrative Instruction on Management Plans of Nature Protected
Areas Nr 11/07 02/11/2007
Administrative Instruction on Criteria and Procedures for the use of
Caves (in the procedure )
Administrative Instruction on Ecological License ( Nr.26/05-MMPH, date
07.11.2005)
Administrative Instruction on licensing individuals and companies for EIA
(Nr.03/2004-MMPH)
Administrative Instruction on criteria for establishing water protected
areas (Nr.13/07-MMPH)
Administrative Instruction on implementation of the law on Spatial
Planning and on the basic elements of special areas planning
(Nr.2005/42-MMPH, date 04.03.2005)
Decision on Protected areas (Total 75 decisions for declaring protected
areas)
Environmental Strategy and Environmental Action Plan
In June 2004, Kosovo Government adopted the Kosovo Environmental Strategy.
Long-term objectives set in the strategy are:
120

Decreasing the environmental pollution, degradation and environmental

damages; minimizing and preventing the pollution; controlling the
economic activities with impact in the environment
Biodiversity protection, saving the ecological balance in Kosovo
Rational and sustainable use of natural resources, nature and land
Protection of valuable nature landscapes, in particular those most
representative and important likeNational Parks, Nature Monuments
etc.

.
Based on the obligation resulted by the Law on Environment Protection, during
2006, is prepared Kosovo Environmental Action Plan 2006 2010.
Main objective of this plan concerning nature protection is: creating an effective
legal and institutional system for biodiversity and nature heritage conservation as
well as putting under legal protection about 10% of Kosovo territory.
To achieve this objective in the KEAP are prepared many projects. So far none of
projects are implemented
The Ministry of Agriculture, prepared a Strategy for Wildlife Management.

121

Table 17. Projects on nature protection in NEAP

Proposed
time for
project
initiation

Implementation
duration time

Proposed
budget
()

MESP
KINP

2007

18 months

53,800

Preparing the red list and

red book of Kosovo

MESP
KINP

2007

2 years

60,810

Preparing National
strategy for Biodiversity
protection

MESP
KINP

2007

15 months

106,000

MESP
KINP

2007

2 years

126,750

MESP
KINP

2006

2 years

126,750

Project title

Implementer

Digitalizing and updating

the list of protected area
(including existing and
future areas

Inventory of flora and

fauna in Bjeshkt e
Nemuna Mountains
Inventory of flora and
fauna in Sharr Mountains

Institucionet pr Mbrojtjen e Natyrs

Kosovos Assembly as highest legislative body in Kosovo ,consisted by 120
Parliamentarians ,Within the Assembly is established a functional commission for
Environment and Spatial Planning ,initially by 11 members, which in 2005 was
fusioned in to the other Commission for Agriculture, forestry and rural Development
with 15 members. The assembly adopt the law on nature protection, declares the
National Parks, approve the nature protection strategy etc.
The Government of Kosovo, consisted by 14 Ministries31, which the Ministry of
Environment and Spatial Planning is one of them.
Ministry of environment and Spatial Planning (MESP) it is responsible to create
policies, to implement laws, and to monitoring the activities on Environmental
Protection including nature resources, air, water and biodiversity.
Subordinated by the Ministry is functioning the National Park Mali Sharr
Authority, which manages the territory of National park.
31 Rreg.2001/19 & Rreg. 2002/5.

122

Monitoring of law implementation and other sub-regulations is made by the

Ministry, through inspectorate sector.

Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency

KEPA is established in 2003, by the approval of the law for Environmental
Protection32. Within Kepa are included Kosovo Institute for Nature protection
(KINP) and Kosovo Hydro-Meteorological Institute (KHMI). Responsibilities of
KEPA include: environmental monitoring, public information, environmental
information system (Database), environmental reporting as well as research
projects development and advisory tasks.

Kosovo Institute for Nature Protection

It is established in 1974 with the name Kosovo Ent for Nature Protection.
KINP, performs professional tasks in the field of nature protection. It functions
under KEPA33. Professional responsibilities of KINP include:
a. Nature data collection and elaboration;
b. Establishes professional bases for protection of certain plant and animal species,
habitats, ecosystems and landscapes.
c. Monitoring the biological and landscape biodiversity and proposing professional
measures for nature protection.
d. Accomplish statistical analyzes, result elaboration and preparing reports on
nature state;
e. Follow European and international trend on nature protection.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural development, makes policies for
agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing etc.
Kosovo Forestry Agency
It is responsible for forest management, administration of public and private forest
and forestry lands, management of forests in National Parks, etc.
Kosovo Museum- nature section is in charge for Kosovo natural heritage
Local authorities, in accordance with the law for nature protection, Environmental
Strategy, NEAP and other documents on spatial planning are obliged34 to:
ensure the protection of biological and landscape biodiversity in their territory,
to designate new protected areas, to provide good condition for management
of protected areas that are at their competency, to participate in the process of
developing management plans for protected areas, to inform the public about
the state of nature at their territories, to undertake measurements for nature
conservations, etc
32 Law on environment Protection 2003/9
33 Article 9.2. Law on nature protection Nr.2006/22
34 Article 10, LNP2006/22

123

Scientific Institutions
The Kosovo Academy of Sciences and University of Prishtina, accomplish scientific
researches and implement educational programs in the field o nature and
biodiversity conservation.

Environmental NGOs
According to the last assessments, made in 2006 in Kosovo are active 30
registered environmental NGO-s which is the duplicate number of, comparing to
first registration in 2001. The major number of active environmental NGO-s is in
Prishtina (6), Pej (5) and Mitrovica (3) etc. On the base of the details from this
research in a half Kosovo
Municipalities there are no environmental NGO-s, registered.
Event though a number of NGOs is registered with an Environmental Mission/
vision, none of NGOs, have nature or biodiversity their priority area of interest

124

Problems
And
Recommendations
125

Problems

126

Legal framework on nature protection not completed;

Lack of the law for National park;

Transposition of EU directives not completed;

Lack of strategy and action plan for nature and biodiversity protection;

Institutional responsibilities and competences not defined clearly;

Nature institutional framework not developed properly;
Local institutions concerning to the nature protection not developed
Lack of management bodies for protected areas
Lack of spatial plans for protected areas
Existing laws are not implemented sufficiently;
Not clear definition of management bodies competences
Uncontrolled use of nature resources
Illegal cutting of forests
Lack of initiatives and projects for the use of renewable resources
Ecosystem and habitat fragmentation as the result of settlement end
infrastructure enlargement
Intervention in protected areas
No development of projects for nature protection
Lack of full inventory for flora, fauna and habitats
Not sufficient researches on biodiversity are taking place
Low budget for nature protection
Lack of funds on nature protection
Lack of mechanisms for fundraising

Lack of programs for biodiversity monitoring

Lack of activities on awareness rising

Public is not sufficiently involved concerning to the nature developments

Lack of informative offices in protected areas
Lack of educative programs about the nature and biodiversity in Kosovo
educative institutions.

Recommendations

Implementation of the Law for Nature Protection

Transposition of EU Directives in the national legislation for nature
protection
Research and inventory of species and habitats
National red list of flora and fauna
Inventory and digitalization of protected areas
Establish the control system for trade of the species
Declare the Bjeshket e Nemuna a National Park
Support projects on transboundary protected areas
Prepare spatial plans and management plans for protected areas
Kosovo Government to take under Control the marble cave in Gadime
and to support researches in other caves
Implement project on improving the state of bifurcation in Nerodime
River, The area should be undertaken under direct management by the
Government and establishing a management body
Develop and implement projects on awareness raising for nature
protection
Establish an office, to be responsible for coordinating, ratifying and
implementing the international convention and other international
agreements on nature protection
Clarify the role and responsibility of institutions concerning protected
areas, in particular concerning National parks.
Establish management authorities for important areas
Harmonize and categorize the protected areas in accordance with the
Law on Nature Protection

127

References
1. KINP Archives ( -2004): Reports, documents and decision for protected
areas,
2. KINP,(2003) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Klin,
3. KINP,(2003) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Gjilanit;
4. KINP,(2003) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Malishevs
5. KINP,(2003) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Gjakovs,
6. KINP,(2003) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Skenderajt
7. KINP,(2003) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Rahovecit
8. KINP,(2004) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Drenasit,
9. KINP,(2004) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Istogut,
10. KINP,(2004) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Podujevs
11. KINP,(2004) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Mitrovics
12. KINP,(2005) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Obiliqit
13. KINP,(2005) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Vushtrris,
14. KINP,(2005) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of s Vitis
15. KINP,(2006) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Fush Kosovs
16. KINP, (2006) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Lipjanit,
17. KINP, (2007) Report from recognizing and evidencing of nature values in
territory of Shtimes
18. KINP, (2005) Study on nature values of specific areas with potential to be
declared as protected areas in the territory of Istogut,
19. KINP, (2005) Study on nature values of specific areas with potential to be
declared as protected areas in the territory of Drenasit,
20. KINP, (2005) Study on nature values of specific areas with potential to be
declared as protected areas in the territory of Malishevs,
21. KINP, (2006) Study on nature values of specific areas with potential to be
declared as protected areas in the territory of Podujevs,
128

22. KINP, (2006) Study on nature values of specific areas with potential to be
declared as protected areas in the territory of Obiliqit,
23. KINP, (2006) Study on nature values of specific areas with potential to be
declared as protected areas in the territory of Skenderajt,
24. KINP, (2006) Study on nature values of specific areas with potential to be
declared as protected areas in the territory of Klins ,
25. EKMN (1982): Social study on declaring part of Sharr Mountains as
national park, Prishtine
26. KINP (1985): Study on declaring part of Bjeshket e Nemuna Mountains
as National Park, Prishtin.
27. KINP (1975): Kosovo Nature, Publication for Bjeshket e Nemuna
28. Grup autorsh (1995): Gjeografia e Kosovs 8, Enti i Teksteve dhe I
Mjeteve Msimore i Kosovs, Prishtin,
29. KINP (2005), Kosovo nature heritage values ,
30. MTI. Tourist region of Bjeshkt e Nemuna, 2007, Prishtin, Brochure
31. Veselaj, Z., Sherifi, Y. (2001): Rare Plant and Animal Species of Kosovo,
publication Ekoklina &KINP, Prishtin,
32. Blecic, V., Krasniqi, F. (1971): Zajednica endemicnog sibljaka forzicije i
krtusca (Polygalo Forsythietum europaea) u Jugozapadnoj Srbiji. Glas.
Repub. Zav. Zas. Prir. Muz., Titograd.
33. Blecic, V., Tatic, B., Krasniqi, F. (1969): Tri endemicne Zajednice na
serpentinskoj podlozi u Srbiji. ActaBot. Croat. XXVIII: 43 47, Zagreb.
34. Hundozi, B. (1987): Salvio Scorsoneretum villosae. Bul. Pun. Sh. I
FSHMN, Prishtin.
35. Krasniqi, E. (2003): Vascular flora of Mirusha region, Master Thesis, UP,
FSHMN, Prishtin.
36. Millaku, F. (1999): Sub Alpine and Alpine flora of Albanian Alps (Kosov),
Doctorate dissertation UP- FSHMN, Prishtin
37. Mustafa,B., Hoxha, E. Biodiversity and Protected Areas University of
Prishtina, Prishtin 2003.
38. Rexhepi, F. & Krasniqi, E. (2004): Real Condition of stenoendemic species
Aristolochia merxmuelleri Greuter et E. Mayer 1985 after NATO bombing
in Kosovo ar of 1999, Hacquetia 3/1, Ljubljana
39. Rexhepi, F. (1983): Subalpska I alpska flora, vegetacija Osljaka I problemi
njene zastite, Novi Sad.
40. Rexhepi, F. (1985/86): Flora e Lubotenit (Malet e Sharrit Kosov),
Natyra e Kosovs, Prishtin.
41. Rexhepi, F. (1986): Flora e Maleve t larta t Kosovs, ETMMK, Prishtin.
42. Rexhepi, F. (1994): Vegjetacioni I Kosovs (1), UP, FSHMN, Prishtin.
43. [Link], Karakteristikat Hidroklimatike t shpells s Gadimes dhe
mundsia e lidhjeve hidrogjeologjike me lumin Gadime, Natyra e Kosovs,
Prishtin 1981
44. Sherifi, Y., Mustafa,B. (2002):Disa veori t fauns s Malit Sharr,
Studime Gjeografike, Nr. 14. Akademia e shkencave dhe Arteve t

129

Shqipris,
45. R. Pllana, G. Gashi, F. Bajraktari, S. Behrami, Hidrologig Heritage in the
System of Natural Values and its Protection in Kosova, Ballvois, Ohr,
2006
46. Shoqata e Ekologve t Kosovs (2002): Biodiversiteti i Grmis, vlerat
dhe rreziqet q e krcnojn, publikim, Prishtin
47. Sherifi, Y., Mustafa,B. (2004): Vshtrim i shkurtr i fauns s Bjeshkve
t Nemuna (Alpeve Lindore shqiptare), Studime Gjeografike, Nr. 15.
Akademia e shkencave dhe Arteve t Shqipris
48. Ligji pr mbrojtjen e natyrs (2005/02-L18) Rreg. nr. 2006/22 t dats
24.04.2006
49. Ligji pr Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit, Rreg. 2003/9 (2003):
50. Vendimi per ndarjen e seksionit pr mbrojtjen e natyres (GZK. 42/74)
51. Ligji pr themelimin e Entit Krahinor pr Mbrojtjen e Natyrs (GZK.
15/81)
52. Ligji per ligjin pr Mbrojtjen dhe zhvillimin e vlerave natyrore dhe t
vlerave t krijuara me pun t ambientit t njeriut (GZK 39/88)
53. Ligjin pr Entin e Kosovs pr Mbrojtjen e Natyrs dhe Mjedisit (GZKnr.
38/89)
Ligji pr Parkun Nacional Mali Sharr GZK. 11/86, Kuvendi i Kosovs, Prishtin

130

131

State of Nature rePort

2006- 2007
editor:
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning
Kosovo Environmental Protection Agency
Kosovo Institute for Nature Protection

report prepared by:

Ylber Sherifi, Chief of Sector for Nature Protection
Afrim Berisha, Chief of Sector for Environmental Reports and Programmes
Qenan Maxhuni, Official for Biodiversity
Fadil Bajraktari, Official for Protected areas
editor team:
Ylber Sherifi,
Sabit Restelica,
Rizah Hajdari,
Tomor Qela

Design:
Design house

Cover page:
Ylber Sherifi
Pictures from first and last pages by National Park Mali Sharr
Printed by:
Design house

132

Katalogimi n botim- (CIP)

Biblioteka Kombtare dhe Universitare e Kosovs

(Footnotes)
1
Malisheva is created as a municipality later on.
2
The Park includes also territory of Malisheva, but it is created as a
municipality after the decision for the area is made.

133

138

Sustainable Management in Kosovo Parks
No ratings yet
Sustainable Management in Kosovo Parks
8 pages
Bosnia and Herzegovina Biodiversity Assessment
No ratings yet
Bosnia and Herzegovina Biodiversity Assessment
74 pages
Kosovo Environmental and Climate Analysis
No ratings yet
Kosovo Environmental and Climate Analysis
17 pages
Serbia's Biodiversity Report 2010
No ratings yet
Serbia's Biodiversity Report 2010
64 pages
Barn Swallow Conservation in AJK
No ratings yet
Barn Swallow Conservation in AJK
62 pages
Green Infrastructure in the Western Balkans
No ratings yet
Green Infrastructure in the Western Balkans
11 pages
Communities in Transition - Protected Nature Amd Local People in Esatern and Central Europe
No ratings yet
Communities in Transition - Protected Nature Amd Local People in Esatern and Central Europe
206 pages
Biodiversity Area Karaburun
No ratings yet
Biodiversity Area Karaburun
35 pages
Romania's Biodiversity Protection Strategies
No ratings yet
Romania's Biodiversity Protection Strategies
20 pages
Incendios Forestales y Áreas Protegidas en Bolivia
No ratings yet
Incendios Forestales y Áreas Protegidas en Bolivia
13 pages
Kenya Environment Report 2019-2021
No ratings yet
Kenya Environment Report 2019-2021
36 pages
Managing Midas: Executive Summary
No ratings yet
Managing Midas: Executive Summary
11 pages
Balkan Green Belt Biodiversity Conservation
No ratings yet
Balkan Green Belt Biodiversity Conservation
23 pages
Save the Vjosa River from Dams
No ratings yet
Save the Vjosa River from Dams
3 pages
Protected Area Gap Analysis Report
100% (1)
Protected Area Gap Analysis Report
327 pages
Protected Areas For The 21 Century: Lessons From UNDP/GEF's Portfolio
No ratings yet
Protected Areas For The 21 Century: Lessons From UNDP/GEF's Portfolio
132 pages
Arguments For Protected Areas - Multiple Benefits For Conservation and Use
No ratings yet
Arguments For Protected Areas - Multiple Benefits For Conservation and Use
297 pages
Biodiversity Analysis in Bosnia 2020
No ratings yet
Biodiversity Analysis in Bosnia 2020
73 pages
Benefits of Protected Areas for Conservation
No ratings yet
Benefits of Protected Areas for Conservation
55 pages
Ljubljana's Urban Green Infrastructure Study
No ratings yet
Ljubljana's Urban Green Infrastructure Study
15 pages
Environmental and Natural Resourc Governance in Kenya: (Document Subtitle)
No ratings yet
Environmental and Natural Resourc Governance in Kenya: (Document Subtitle)
267 pages
Geo 420 part 6
No ratings yet
Geo 420 part 6
3 pages
Albanian Alps Management Plan Overview
No ratings yet
Albanian Alps Management Plan Overview
196 pages
Protected Planet Report 2018
No ratings yet
Protected Planet Report 2018
70 pages
Sustainable Development in Albania's Ecology
No ratings yet
Sustainable Development in Albania's Ecology
13 pages
Protected Natural Areas in Peru
No ratings yet
Protected Natural Areas in Peru
4 pages
Plant Conservation and SDG Integration
No ratings yet
Plant Conservation and SDG Integration
11 pages
The Future of Territorial Planning in Kosovo: Symposium Report: 2021
No ratings yet
The Future of Territorial Planning in Kosovo: Symposium Report: 2021
28 pages
Moronica Nature Park Environmental Study
No ratings yet
Moronica Nature Park Environmental Study
54 pages
Global Urbanization and Protected Areas: Ted Trzyna
No ratings yet
Global Urbanization and Protected Areas: Ted Trzyna
51 pages
Overview of Protected Areas Management
No ratings yet
Overview of Protected Areas Management
28 pages
Decolonizing Nature Strategies For Conservation in A Postcolonial Era1
No ratings yet
Decolonizing Nature Strategies For Conservation in A Postcolonial Era1
318 pages
Montenegro Forestry and Nature Protection Study
No ratings yet
Montenegro Forestry and Nature Protection Study
38 pages
Appiko Movement: Karnataka's Eco-Revolt
No ratings yet
Appiko Movement: Karnataka's Eco-Revolt
16 pages
Transboundary Protected Area Study: Durmitor-Sutjeska
No ratings yet
Transboundary Protected Area Study: Durmitor-Sutjeska
97 pages
Clean & Green Sindh Tree Plantation Campaign
No ratings yet
Clean & Green Sindh Tree Plantation Campaign
23 pages
Eco-Tourism Growth in Costa Rica
No ratings yet
Eco-Tourism Growth in Costa Rica
16 pages
Handbook On Visioning
100% (1)
Handbook On Visioning
88 pages
Slovenia's Forest Conservation Strategies
100% (1)
Slovenia's Forest Conservation Strategies
11 pages
Brochure - Eng 0309 PDF
No ratings yet
Brochure - Eng 0309 PDF
16 pages
Sixth National Report To The Convention On Biological Diversity (2015-2018)
No ratings yet
Sixth National Report To The Convention On Biological Diversity (2015-2018)
16 pages
Environmental Quality Decline in Malaysia
No ratings yet
Environmental Quality Decline in Malaysia
12 pages
South Africa's Biodiversity and Conservation Efforts
No ratings yet
South Africa's Biodiversity and Conservation Efforts
12 pages
Palestine's 6th National Biodiversity Report
No ratings yet
Palestine's 6th National Biodiversity Report
161 pages
Conservation vs. Development in Tourism
No ratings yet
Conservation vs. Development in Tourism
47 pages
Plant Conservation and SDGs Policy Insights
No ratings yet
Plant Conservation and SDGs Policy Insights
20 pages
China's Position on Urbanization and Tourism
No ratings yet
China's Position on Urbanization and Tourism
3 pages
Friends of the Forest Association Overview
No ratings yet
Friends of the Forest Association Overview
3 pages
Doc. Tecnico No. 15 Dela CDB, Biodiversidad y Áreas Protegidas
No ratings yet
Doc. Tecnico No. 15 Dela CDB, Biodiversidad y Áreas Protegidas
165 pages
Science 2 - CH 4 - One Shot
No ratings yet
Science 2 - CH 4 - One Shot
39 pages
Kenya State of Environment Report 2019-2021 Final-Min
No ratings yet
Kenya State of Environment Report 2019-2021 Final-Min
250 pages
Socioeconomic and Ecological Status of Alatish
100% (4)
Socioeconomic and Ecological Status of Alatish
181 pages
Biodiversity Conservation Efforts in Malaysia
No ratings yet
Biodiversity Conservation Efforts in Malaysia
5 pages
Urban Forest Restoration in Bukavu
No ratings yet
Urban Forest Restoration in Bukavu
20 pages
Central Asia Mountains Biodiversity Report
No ratings yet
Central Asia Mountains Biodiversity Report
37 pages
Desert KUBIQI
100% (1)
Desert KUBIQI
108 pages
Review of Kunz's Conservation Insights
No ratings yet
Review of Kunz's Conservation Insights
1 page
South Africa's National Biodiversity Assessments
No ratings yet
South Africa's National Biodiversity Assessments
17 pages
Ecological Restoration For Protected Areas Principles, Guidelines and Best Practices
100% (1)
Ecological Restoration For Protected Areas Principles, Guidelines and Best Practices
133 pages
Air Pollution Control Systems Methods For Boilers UFC PDF
100% (1)
Air Pollution Control Systems Methods For Boilers UFC PDF
123 pages
Hybrid SNCR and SCR NOx Control Systems
No ratings yet
Hybrid SNCR and SCR NOx Control Systems
8 pages
01 Ind-02 Butterlin
No ratings yet
01 Ind-02 Butterlin
7 pages
Boiler Engineering Automation Overview
100% (2)
Boiler Engineering Automation Overview
61 pages
Wet FGD Types and Fundamentals 8-08
No ratings yet
Wet FGD Types and Fundamentals 8-08
42 pages
Properties of FGD Gypsum in Construction
No ratings yet
Properties of FGD Gypsum in Construction
4 pages
Southern Gas Corridor's Impact on Europe
100% (1)
Southern Gas Corridor's Impact on Europe
262 pages
Foreign Material Exclusion Program Overview
No ratings yet
Foreign Material Exclusion Program Overview
22 pages
LCP Directive Overview and Compliance Issues
No ratings yet
LCP Directive Overview and Compliance Issues
37 pages
Clna17669enc 001 PDF
No ratings yet
Clna17669enc 001 PDF
372 pages
Sivacon S4
No ratings yet
Sivacon S4
50 pages
Purvil Khakharia PHD Dissertation 2015 PDF
No ratings yet
Purvil Khakharia PHD Dissertation 2015 PDF
170 pages
Waste Treatment in Power Plants
100% (1)
Waste Treatment in Power Plants
52 pages
CWW Bref 0203
No ratings yet
CWW Bref 0203
472 pages
Enhancing Operator Effectiveness in Plants
No ratings yet
Enhancing Operator Effectiveness in Plants
39 pages
Interim Narrative Report Template
100% (1)
Interim Narrative Report Template
3 pages
Expenditure Verification Terms of Reference
No ratings yet
Expenditure Verification Terms of Reference
22 pages
EU Grant Procurement Guidelines
No ratings yet
EU Grant Procurement Guidelines
6 pages
EU Grant Contract General Conditions
No ratings yet
EU Grant Contract General Conditions
19 pages
Annex X Data Protection Consent Form
No ratings yet
Annex X Data Protection Consent Form
1 page
EU Grant Payment Request Template
No ratings yet
EU Grant Payment Request Template
2 pages
Financial Reporting Guidelines and Budget
No ratings yet
Financial Reporting Guidelines and Budget
6 pages
Wildlife Conservation and Ecosystem Health
No ratings yet
Wildlife Conservation and Ecosystem Health
5 pages
Phases of Economic Development Explained
100% (2)
Phases of Economic Development Explained
16 pages
Camouflage and Connection: Nature's Lessons
No ratings yet
Camouflage and Connection: Nature's Lessons
2 pages
TravelMate: Find Your Perfect Travel Buddy
No ratings yet
TravelMate: Find Your Perfect Travel Buddy
46 pages
Environmental Awareness and Action
No ratings yet
Environmental Awareness and Action
3 pages
Leach Garden News: Autumn 2018 Update
No ratings yet
Leach Garden News: Autumn 2018 Update
8 pages
The Sen Project Overview and Details
No ratings yet
The Sen Project Overview and Details
48 pages
Essential Tour Guiding Techniques
No ratings yet
Essential Tour Guiding Techniques
12 pages
Forest Classification and Conservation Efforts
No ratings yet
Forest Classification and Conservation Efforts
2 pages
Silent Spring Chapter 1 Summary
No ratings yet
Silent Spring Chapter 1 Summary
4 pages
Is.9759.1981.Pdf - Permeability in Soil
No ratings yet
Is.9759.1981.Pdf - Permeability in Soil
43 pages
Latex in Plant Defense Mechanisms
No ratings yet
Latex in Plant Defense Mechanisms
50 pages
Understanding Drainage Patterns in Geography
100% (2)
Understanding Drainage Patterns in Geography
53 pages
Why Do Birds Sing? Comprehension Guide
No ratings yet
Why Do Birds Sing? Comprehension Guide
1 page
Principles of Precambrian Geology - 1996 Goodwin PDF
No ratings yet
Principles of Precambrian Geology - 1996 Goodwin PDF
339 pages
Class V English Exam: Wildlife Focus
No ratings yet
Class V English Exam: Wildlife Focus
9 pages
Anion Exchange Membrane for Electrolysis
No ratings yet
Anion Exchange Membrane for Electrolysis
10 pages
Descriptive Writing: A Park's Beauty
No ratings yet
Descriptive Writing: A Park's Beauty
1 page
Miocene Reef Reservoirs in the Philippines
No ratings yet
Miocene Reef Reservoirs in the Philippines
20 pages
Psychology of Warm Colors
No ratings yet
Psychology of Warm Colors
6 pages
Reproduction and Growth Quiz Questions
No ratings yet
Reproduction and Growth Quiz Questions
5 pages
Light, Shade & Shadow in Architecture
No ratings yet
Light, Shade & Shadow in Architecture
5 pages
Manek Chowk Final Report
No ratings yet
Manek Chowk Final Report
112 pages
Overmolding Guidelines
No ratings yet
Overmolding Guidelines
18 pages
JMT Journal 62 Spring 2017 WEB Original Original
No ratings yet
JMT Journal 62 Spring 2017 WEB Original Original
36 pages
Etosha National Park Overview and Map
No ratings yet
Etosha National Park Overview and Map
6 pages
Integrative Management of Urban Protected Areas
No ratings yet
Integrative Management of Urban Protected Areas
17 pages
Population Genetics Lab: Hardy-Weinberg Analysis
100% (3)
Population Genetics Lab: Hardy-Weinberg Analysis
5 pages
Sustainable Interior Design Guide
No ratings yet
Sustainable Interior Design Guide
23 pages
World Green Building Council Report
No ratings yet
World Green Building Council Report
27 pages