Marking criteria for Test 2
Question 1
Differential head comprising of suction and discharge calculations 10
marks (5 each)
Differential head (10%) 5 marks
NPSH 15 marks
HP 5 marks
BHP 5
Any fundamental errors in calculations including unit conversion
mistakes 30% penalty
Question 2
Correction to pressure 5 marks
Design stress in appropriate units 5 marks
Thickness 1 5
Thickness 2 5
Head thickness 1 5 marks
Head thickness 2 5 marks
Any unit conversion errors including calculation mistakes 30%
penalty
Question 1 (40 marks)
Liquid propane, at its bubble point, is to be pumped from a reflux drum to a depropanizer. The
maximum flow rate is expected to be 82 m3/h. The pressures in the vessels are 1380 and 1520 kPa (abs)
respectively. The relative density of propane and vapour pressure at the pumping temperature (38C) is
0.485 and 1380 kPa respectively. The elevations and estimated frictional pressure losses for discharge
and suction sections are shown in the following Figure. The pump nozzles elevations are zero and the
velocity head at nozzles is negligible. Determine the required differential head (with 10% safety factor),
available Net Positive Suction head (NPSH), hydraulic power ( Flow rate Head Relative density ) and
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Brake horsepower (10.67 x Hydraulic power/pump efficiency). Assume a pump efficiency of around 62%
at the rated capacity and NPSHR to be 3 m.
1 Pa = kg/m.s
g = 9.807 m/s2
Question 2 (30 marks)
The geometry and design data of a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel are specified in Figure 1
with cylinder dimensions shown are inside diameters. Cost estimates are being prepared for this
vessel. You are asked to estimate the required component thicknesses using the given design
information and formulae. Both heads are seamless with shell being double welded and spot
radiographed.
i.
What are the minimum required thicknesses (in mm) for the two cylindrical sections?
ii.
For the same vessel, what are the minimum required thicknesses (in mm) for the top and
bottom heads?
Operating Pressure = 264.5 psia
Corrosion Allowance = 3.175 mm
Shell and Head Material is SA-515 Gr. 60 (Design stress @371C, S = 14,400 psi)
1 bar = 0.1 N/m2
Cylindrical shell
1 atmosphere = 14.7 psi
e=
Hemispherical head
Pi d i
(2 ES Pi )
e=
1 psi = 0.068948 bar
Elliptical head
e=
Pi d i
(2 ES 0.2 Pi )
Pi ri
(2 ES 0.2 Pi )
where : e is thcikness, Pi is pressure, d i is diameter , E is jo int efficiency, S is design stress
Figure 1 Geometry of pressure vessel
Table 1 Minimum allowable joint
Type of Joint
Degree of radiography
100 percent
spot
none
Double-welded butt or equivalent
1.0
0.85
0.7
Single-weld butt joint with bonding strips
0.9
0.80
0.65
Absolute
Gauge
Operating Press
Design Press, Pi
Diameter 1
Diameter 2
Design stress
Heads, E
Shell, spot welded
0.068948
300
285.3
19.67086
1.967086
2.163795
1.83
1.22
14500
999.746
99.9746
1
1 psi = 0.06848
bar
psi
psi
bar
N/mm2
10%
1bar = .1 N/mm2
psi
bar
N/mm2
e = Pid/(2*E*S-Pi)
0.85
Cylindrical shell 1
(thickness of wall)
Corrosion allowance
with corrsion allowance
21.3286
mm
3.5
24.8286
mm
mm
Cylindrical shell 2
(thickness of wall)
with corrsion allowance
14.21907
mm
17.71907
mm
For hemispherical
9.923355
13.09836
mm
mm
For elliptical head
19.84671
mm
Cylindrical
Elliptical head
Question 3
I.
As a design engineer you are entrusted with the responsibility of selecting valves for the
following materials. Indicate the type of valve (for on/off service) you propose in the
following table corresponding to the nature of fluid. (9 marks)
Nature of fluid
Type of proposed valve
Abrasive powder
Gate, rotary ball, Plug, diaphragm,
butterfly or plug gate
Neutral (Air or Steam)
Gate, globe, rotary ball, Plug, diaphragm
Corrosive (Acid vapors, chlorine)
Butterfly, rotary ball, diaphragm, plug
Slurry
Rotary ball, butterfly, diaphragm, Plug,
pinch or squeeze
Fibrous suspensions
Gate, diaphragm, pinch or squeeze
Lubricating powder
Pinch, gate, spiral sock, squeeze
Hygienic (Food, beverages drugs)
Gate, rotary ball, Plug, diaphragm,
butterfly or plug gate
Neutral (Water, Oil)
Diaphragm, butterfly
Vacuum
Gate, globe, rotary ball, butterfly
II.
List the 5 point criteria for the proper selection of valve type and size for a given process
application. (5 marks)
1. Whether the valve will be used for on-off service or for controlling fluid flow rates (criteria
1)
2. Allowable valve pressure drop that can occur at the desired flow rates (criteria 2)
3. Process geometry: size limitations, pipe configuration, and fluid flow direction (criteria 3)
4. Chemical and physical nature of the fluid (corrosive, slurry, viscous, etc.) (criteria 4)
5. Cost and economic considerations (criteria 5)
III.
List any five influencing factors for the selection of a pump for a typical process
application. (5 marks)
Quantity of liquid to be handled
Head against which the liquid is to be pumped.
Nature of the liquid to be pumped
Nature of power supply.
Whether the pump is used only intermittently
IV.
Fill in the five blanks in the following characteristic diagram for a typical pump between
total dynamic head and flow rate. (5 marks)
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V.
Select two appropriate pumps with explanation for the two cases using the following
pump curve:
Case 1: Pump that produces 125 feet of head while pumping 100 GPM
Case 2: Pump that produces 70 feet of head while pumping 80 GPM
(6 marks)
Start at 125 ft. hd. on the left of the pump curve. Now move straight across the curve to the right
until you reach the line that goes down to 100 GPM on the bottom of the curve. From the point
where the two lines intersect move up the chart to see what horsepower pump will be needed. In
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this case a 5 HP will be needed as the next horsepower line above our intersection point is the 5
HP line. Likewise, the impeller curve must also be higher in the chart than our line intersection,
so a 6.00 IN. DIA. impeller will work.
For 70 ft. hd. and 80 GPM. Make a mark at the point where the horizontal 70 ft. hd. line
intersects the vertical 80 GPM line. This point is just above the 2 HP line, so a 2 HP pump will
NOT work. We will need to use a 3 HP motor. The next higher impeller size is 5.00 IN. DIA. so
we could use that impeller.
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