Answers to sample problems.

1. Integrate by parts.
Z
Z
x sin x dx = x cos x + cos x dx = x cos x + sin x + c
2. Integrate by parts twice.
Z
Z
Z
2 x
2 x
x
2 x
x
x e dx = x e 2 x e dx = x e 2x e + 2 ex dx = x2 ex 2x ex + 2 ex + c
3. Sustitute x = sin y.
Z
Z
Z p
1
y 1
2
1 x dx = cos y cos y dy =
(1 + cos 2y) dy = + sin 2y + c
2
2 4
p
1
1
= x 1 x2 + sin y + c
2
2
4. Substitute. y = log x.
Z
Z
log log x
dx = log y dy = y log y y + c = log log x log x + c
x
5. Substitute u = cos x. It becomes
Z
u7
u8
(cos x)7
(cos x)9
(1 u2 )u6 du =

+c=

+c
7
8
7
9
6. sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x.
Z
Z
1
x
1
1
2
sin 2x dx =
(1 cos 4x) dx =
sin 4x + c
4
8
8 32
7 Substitute y = sin x.
Z

ey dy = ey + c = esin x + c

8. Substitute x = 3y
1
3

1
1
1
x
dy = arctan y + c = arctan + c
2
1+y
3
3
3

1
1
9. Partial Fractions x219 = 16 [ x3
x+3
]
Z
1
1
1
1

]dx = [log(x 3) log(x + 3)] + c

[
6
x3 x+3
6

10. Integrate by parts.

Z
Z
x arctan x dx = x arctan x

x
1
dx = x arctan x log(1 + x2 ) + c
2
1+x
2
1

1. Substitute x = sin2 y
Z

dx

=
x x2

p
=
x(1 x)

dx

2 sin y cos y
dy =
sin y cos y

2 dy =
0

2. Substitute. x = y 2 .
Z
Z
2ydy
dy

= [2 arctan y]
=2
]=
1 = 2[
2
2
y(1 + y )
1+y
2
4
2
1
1
3. Integrate by parts twice and get the answer 2.
4. Partial fractions.
[log

x1
1
]2 = log 1 log = log 3
x+1
3

5. Same, but now

[log

x1
] = log 1 log 0 =
x+1 1

Diverges.
6. sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
1
2
7.

Z
0

1
1
sin 2x dx = [ cos 2x]02 =
4
2

tan x dx = log cos x|02 = log 0 =

0

8. The function is odd. That is f (x) = f (x). So the integrals from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1
R1
cancel each other. 1 (sin x)33 dx = 0
9. Substitute u = x8 + 2x + 9 du = (8x7 + 2)dx
Z
0

4x7 + 1
1
=
8
x + 2x + 9
2

2
9

du
1
= (log 12 log 9)
u
2

10. Integrate by parts twice.

Z
Z
x
x

e cos x dx = [e sin x]0 + ex sin xdx

0
Z
Z
x

x
= 0 [e cos x]0 e cos x dx = 1 ex cos x dx
Therefore

R
0

ex cos x dx =

1
2

1. Trouble at 0. sin

x is like

3.

1
1x3

sin x
x

x. p =

2. Trouble at 0.

x
x

is like

1 .
x

1
2

< 1. Converges.

Same as question 1. p =

= (1 x)(1 + x + x2 ) is like 3(1 x) at x = 1. This is like

1
2
1
x

< 1 converges.
near 0. p = 1 diverges.

4. Trouble at 0. log x is much better than any negative power of x. (log x)7 is not bad.
Trouble at 1. log x = log(1 + x 1) is like x 1 near x = 1. Can overcome the problem
of (1 x)3 so there is really no trouble at 1. Converges.
5. sin x1 is a bounded function. So there is no trouble. The integral converges absolutely.
1

6. ex 8 << x2 . Converges.
x

x
7. log eex 1
+1 dx has trouble at 0 and at . At 0 it is from log(e 1) which is like log x for
small x. No problem. At

ex 1
1 ex
= log(1 ex ) log(1 + ex )
log x
= log
x
e +1
1+e
is like 2ex . Converges.
8. Trouble only at . Like the previous problem
log

x+2
2
1
2
1
1
= log(1 + ) log(1 + ) ' =
x+1
x
x
x x
x

Bad news. p = 1. Diverges.

9. If x 11, x2 11x and x2 10x x.
Z

10xx2

dx

11

ex dx <

11

converges.
10. I am not sure what i meant here. A typo. Either sin x or sin2 x. In either case
the function is not small near and so the integral does not converge. It is a periodic
function. There is no chance to converge.

1.

1
n

decreases to 0 monotonically. It is alternating. So is convergent.

2. The n-th term does not go to 0. Can not converge.

3. Ratio test.

an+1
an

0. Converges.

4. Ratio test.
n+1 n n
1
n
(n + 1)n+1 n!
=[
]
= (1 + )n
e>1
n
n (n + 1)!
n
n+1
n n+1
Diverges.
5. log

n+2
n+1

is just like problem 8 in the previous set. It is like

6. Ratio Test.

1
n

and so diverges.

an+1
2
=
0<1
an
2n + 1

Converges.
7. Ratio Test.
an+1
(n + 1)!(n + 1)!(2n)!
(n + 1)2
1
=
=
<1
an
n!n!(2n + 2)!
(2n + 1)(2n + 2)
4
Converges.
8. It is like

1
n2 .Converges.

9. (2 cos n) 1 always. Can not converge.

10. cos n = (1)n . Alternating.

1
1

n 3 0

monotonically. Converges (conditionally).

1. e6 . Take logs. 2n log(1 + n3 . n = x1 . limx0

2 log(1+3x)
.
x

Use LHospitals rule.

2. 1
3.
4. x =

1
n

0.
r

1
= n[ (1 + ) 1] =
n

1+x1
1

x
2

by LHospitals rule.
5 LHospital gives cos = 1.
6. LHospital gives limx0 2 sin 2x = 0.
7. LHospital gives
2 sin 2x
4 cos 2x
= lim
=2
x0
x0
2x
2
lim

8. LHospital gives
lim x 0
9.

ex
=1
cos x

1
|x sin | |x| 0
x

10. sin x1 oscillates between 1. No limit.

1. Area of the circle is 4. Center is (5, 4). Around x axis the circumference is 2 4 = 8.
The volume is 32 2 . Around y axis 40 2 .
2. 1 x 2 and 2 x 3 are to be handled separately. The three sides of the triangle
have equations that are
y = x, y = 3x 2, y = 6 x
Around x axis. Washer method.
2

[(6 x)2 x2 ]dx

[(3x 2) x ]dx +

V =

2
3

1
2

[8x2 6x + 4]dx +

[36 12x]
2

= [28 9 + 4 36 + 30] = 27
Around y axis. Shell method.
2

Z
[x(2x 2)]dx + 2

V =2
1

[x(6 2x)]dx
2

[2x 2x]dx +

=
1

[6x 2x2 ]

14
38
= [ 3 + 15 ] = 4
3
3
3.
1
2
4.
1
2

Z
0

Z
0

1
sin 4d =
4
2

(1 cos 8)d =
0

9
9(1 + cos ) d =
2
2

9
=
4
27
=
4
Z
0

(1 + 2 cos + cos2 )d

5.

16

(3 + 4 cos + cos 2)d

0

4x2
dx
1 + 4x2
0
Z 1
Z 1
p
1 + 4x2
1
1
2

= x 1 + 4x |0
dx +
dx
1 + 4x2
1 + 4x2
0
0
Z 1p
Z 1
p
1
1
2
2

= x 1 + 4x |0
1 + 4x dx +
dx
1 + 4x2
0
0

1 + 4x2 dx = x

1 + 4x2

Substitute y = 2x
1

1+

4x2 dx

=
=
=
6.

Z
0

5
2

5
2

5
2
5
2

1
dx
1 + 4x2
0
Z
1
1 1
p

dy
4 0
1 + y2
p
1
log[y + 1 + y 2 ]|10
4

1
log(1 + 2)
4
1

ex ex
2
1+
dx =
2

ex + ex
e e1
dx =
2
2

7. ey dy = ex dx. ey = ex + c. y = log(c + ex )
8.

x2

x2
d(ye 2 )
= x3 e 2
dx

ye

x2
2

Z
=

x3 e

x2
2

= x2 e

x2
2

y = x2 2 + ce
9.

101 =

100 + 1 = 10 +

2e

x2
2

+c

x2
2

1 1
1 111 2
1
1
10 2
1000 2 2 2

10.
sin

= sin( ) = sin cos

sin ( )2 = 1 ( )2
10
2
20
2
2 20 2
2 20
2 20