INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

ISO
13984
First edition
1999-03-15

Hydrogne liquide Interface des systmes de remplissage pour

vhicules terrestres

A
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Liquid hydrogen Land vehicle fuelling

system interface

Reference number
ISO 13984:1999(E)
Not for Resale

ISO 13984:1999(E)

Contents
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Normative references .............................................................................................................................................. 1
3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................................................................. 2
4 Requirements ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.1 Applicability........................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Refuelling system ................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.3 Installation of piping and hoses.......................................................................................................................... 9
4.4 Equipment assembly ............................................................................................................................................ 9
4.5 Transfer method.................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 Examination requirements................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Acceptance criteria ............................................................................................................................................. 10
5.3 Examination types .............................................................................................................................................. 10
5.4 Examination procedures .................................................................................................................................... 10
5.5 Pressure testing.................................................................................................................................................. 11
5.6 Leak test .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
6 Qualification of personnel..................................................................................................................................... 11
7 Security and safety ................................................................................................................................................ 12
7.1 Work area requirements..................................................................................................................................... 12
7.2 Warning signs ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
8 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................................... 13

ISO 1999
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5 Testing and inspection methods............................................................................................................................ 9

ISO

ISO 13984:1999(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

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International Standard ISO 13984 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies.

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ISO 13984:1999(E)

ISO

Introduction
The fuelling system interface described in this International Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with fuel
tanks constructed in accordance with ISO 13985.
NOTE
Pursuant to the agreement reached during the sixth plenary meeting of ISO/TC 197, the basic allowable stresses
shown in Table 1 of this International Standard have been changed.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO 13984:1999(E)

ISO

Liquid hydrogen Land vehicle fuelling system interface

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of liquid hydrogen refuelling and dispensing systems on land
vehicles of all types in order to reduce the risk of fire and explosion during the refuelling procedure and thus to provide
a reasonable level of protection from loss of life and property.
This International Standard is applicable to the design and installation of liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuelling and dispensing
systems. It describes the system intended for the dispensing of liquid hydrogen to a vehicle, including that portion of the
system that handles cold gaseous hydrogen coming from the vehicle tank, that is, the system located between the land
vehicle and the storage tank.

2 Normative references

ISO 1106-3:1984, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints Part 3: Fusion
welded circumferential joints in steel pipes of up to 50 mm wall thickness.
ISO 1182:1), Reaction to fire tests for building products Non-combustibility test.
ISO 9303:1989, Seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for pressure purposes Full
peripheral ultrasonic testing for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.
ISO 10286:1996, Gas cylinders Terminology.
ISO 11484:1994, Steel tubes for pressure purposes Qualification and certification of non-destructive testing (NDT)
personnel.
ISO 12095:1994, Seamless and welded steel tubes for pressure purposes Liquid penetrant testing.
ISO 13663:1995, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes Ultrasonic testing of the area adjacent to the weld seam
for the detection of laminar imperfections.
ISO 13664:1997, Seamless and welded steel tubes for pressure purposes Magnetic particle inspection of the tube
ends for the detection of laminar imperfections.
ISO 13665:1997, Seamless and welded steel tubes for pressure purposes Magnetic particle inspection of the tube
body for the detection of surface imperfections.

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 1182:1990)

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The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 13984:1999(E)

ISO

ASTM A240/A240M-97a, Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for
Pressure Vessels.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10286 and the following
apply.
3.1
design pressure
pressure used in the formula for the calculation of the minimum wall thickness for each component in the piping
system
NOTE
The design pressure should be not less than the pressure at the most severe condition of coincident internal or
external pressure and temperature (minimum or maximum) expected during service.

3.2
fuel tank
liquid hydrogen reservoir, installed on a vehicle, with appurtenances for connecting to a refuelling station
3.3
inspector
qualified person employed by a recognized independent national or international agency
3.4
liquid hydrogen
LH2
hydrogen that has been liquefied, i.e. brought to a liquid state
NOTE

Liquefaction may be achieved by chilling and compression or other means, such as the magnetocaloric effect.

3.5
maximum permissible operating pressure
MPOP
maximum effective gauge pressure allowable in the piping system in its operating condition
3.6
noncombustible material
material that does not ignite, burn, support combustion or release flammable vapours when subjected to fire or heat
in accordance with ISO 1182
3.7
operating pressure
gauge pressure at which the piping system operates
NOTE

Operating pressure should not exceed the maximum permissible operating pressure.

3.8
service temperature range
temperature ranging from that of liquid hydrogen ( 253 C) to an assumed ambient temperature of 54 C
3.9
storage tank
liquid hydrogen reservoir, located at the refuelling station, to supply the land vehicle with liquid hydrogen

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ISO 13984:1999(E)

4 Requirements
4.1 Applicability
The provisions of this clause apply only to system components which handle liquid hydrogen and cold gaseous
hydrogen.

4.2 Refuelling system

4.2.1 Compatibility with hydrogen and cold temperatures
All components of the refuelling system which come in contact with liquid hydrogen and cold gaseous hydrogen
shall be compatible with and suitable for liquid hydrogen service and cold gas flows such as those associated with
the handling of cold gaseous hydrogen returning from the vehicle fuel tank.
Consideration shall be given to the thermal expansion and contraction of piping systems when exposed to the
temperature fluctuations over the service temperature range. Consideration shall be given to the possible
condensation of air.
4.2.2 Material specifications
Material used in the manufacture of piping for liquid hydrogen service shall be austenitic stainless steel, or any other
material provided it is proven to be equivalent in performance.
4.2.3 Piping
[Link] Design
Piping, valves, fittings, gaskets and sealants shall be suitable for hydrogen service at the temperatures and pressures
involved.

The bursting strength of all pipes, valves, fittings and hoses shall be at least four times the design pressure of the
storage tank and not less than four times the pressure to which they shall be subjected in normal service by the action
of a pump or other device, the action of which shall subject portions of the piping to pressures greater than the storage
tank's design pressure.
Each valve shall be designed and constructed for a rated pressure and service temperature not less than those used
as the design values for the storage tank or the section of piping containing the valve, whichever set of values is higher.
Each valve shall be compatible with liquid hydrogen or cold hydrogen gas service.
Means shall be provided to minimize exposure of personnel to piping and to prevent air condensate from contacting
piping, structural members and surfaces not suitable for oxygen enrichment or cryogenic temperatures. During an
emergency when exposed to fire, heat, cold or water as applicable, insulation shall maintain any system properties that
are required by design. It shall be designed to have a vapour-tight seal in the outer covering to prevent the
condensation of air and subsequent oxygen enrichment within the insulation. The insulation material and outer covering
shall also be of adequate design to prevent attrition of the insulation due to normal operating conditions.
[Link] Thickness requirements
The required thickness of straight sections of pipe shall be determined in accordance with equation (1):
tm = t + c

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(1)

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Permanent joints in piping shall be made by welding or brazing; flanged, threaded or screwed joints shall not be used.
Compression fittings may be used only to connect instrumentation and pressure-relief devices to the gas lines. The
materials used in valves and fittings shall be suitable for liquid hydrogen service over the service temperature range.
Bayonet joints shall be used for transfer operations of liquid hydrogen.

ISO 13984:1999(E)

ISO

where
tm

is the nominal thickness, including mechanical, corrosion and erosion allowances, in millimetres;

is the pressure design thickness, as calculated from equation (2), in millimetres;

is the sum of the mechanical allowances (thread or groove depth) plus corrosion and erosion allowances,
in millimetres.

The pressure design thickness t shall be calculated using equation (2):

t=

PDo
2 (S E + P Y )

(2)

where
P

is the internal design gauge pressure, plus vacuum, if vacuum-insulated, in megapascals;

Do is the outside diameter of pipe, in millimetres;

S

is the basic allowable stress value for material from Table 1, in megapascals;

is a coefficient equal to 0,4 for austenitic steels;

is the quality factor, which for stainless steel and seamless tubes is 1,0.
Table 1 Basic allowable stresses (S ) in tension for austenitic stainless steel tubes and pipes
Dimensions in megapascals
Designation

Specified minimum
tensile strength

Specified minimum yield

strength

Maximum basic allowable stress S

at minimum temperature
(2/3 of the yield strength)

ASTM A 240, type 304

517

207

138

ASTM A 240, type 304 L

482

172

115

ASTM A 240, type 316

517

207

138

ASTM A 240, type 316 L

482

172

115

[Link] Cyclic effects

[Link].1 Cyclic loadings
Piping and components shall be designed to accommodate the effects of metal fatigue resulting from the thermal
cycling to which the system will be subjected. Particular consideration shall be given where changes in wall thickness
occur between pipes, fittings, valves, components, and at areas of anchoring.
Cyclic design conditions shall include coincident pressure, temperature, imposed end-displacements and thermal
expansion of the joint itself, for cycles during operation. Cycles due to transient conditions (startup, shutdown and
abnormal operation) shall be stated separately.

[Link].2.1 Internal pressure stresses

Stresses due to internal pressure shall be considered safe when the wall thickness of the piping component, including
any reinforcements, meets the requirements of [Link].

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[Link].2 Limits of calculated stress due to sustained loads and displacement strains

ISO

ISO 13984:1999(E)

[Link].2.2 Longitudinal stresses SL

The sum of longitudinal stresses SL in any component in a piping system, due to pressure, weight and other sustained
loadings, shall not exceed Sh in equation (4).
The thickness t of the pipe used in calculating the stress value SL shall be the nominal thickness tm minus mechanical
corrosion and erosion allowance c [from equation (1)].
[Link].2.3 Computed displacement stress range SE
The computed displacement stress range SE in a piping system, given by equation (3), shall not exceed the allowable
displacement stress SA calculated by equation (4):
SE = Sb2 + 4 St 2

(3)

where
Sb

is the resultant bending stress, in megapascals;

St

is the torsional stress, in megapascals.

[Link].2.4 Allowable displacement stress range SA

SA = f (1,25 Sc + 0,25 Sh )

(4)

where
SA is the allowable displacement stress, in megapascals;
Sc

is the basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature expected during the displacement cycle under
analysis, in megapascals;

Sh

is the basic allowable stress at maximum metal temperature expected during the displacement cycle under
analysis, in megapascals.

When Sh is greater than SL, the difference between them may be added to the term 0,25 Sh in equation (4). In this case,
the allowable displacement stress is calculated by equation (5):
SA = f [1,25 ( Sc + Sh ) SL ]

(5)

where
SL

is the sum of longitudinal stresses in any component in the piping system due to pressure, weight and other
sustained loadings, in megapascals;

is the stress range reduction factor from Table 2 or calculated by equation (6):
f = 6,0 [ N ] 0,2 < 1

(6)

where
N

is the equivalent number of full displacement cycles during the expected service life of the piping system;

Sb

is the resultant bending stress, in megapascals;

St

is the torsional stress, in megapascals.

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ISO 13984:1999(E)

ISO

Table 2 Stress-range reduction factor f

Cycle N

Factor f

7 000 or less

1,0

over 7 000 to 14 000

0,9

over 14 000 to 22 000

0,8

over 22 000 to 45 000

0,7

over 45 000 to 100 000

0,6

over 100 000 to 200 000

0,5

over 200 000 to 700 000

0,4

over 700 000 to 2 000 000

0,3

N = NE +

( ri5 Ni )

for i = 1, 2, ... n

(7)

where
N

is the number of cycles of maximum computed displacement stress range, SE;

ri

is the ratio of Si to SE (Si /SE);

Si

is any computed displacement stress range smaller than SE;

Ni

is the number of cycles associated with displacement stress range Si .

[Link] Fixed piping

Exterior piping shall be installed above-ground and shall be well supported and protected against mechanical damage.
Piping shall be protected from corrosion in compliance with present recognized practices.
The refuelling system piping shall be suitably supported and anchored, and insulated for the liquid hydrogen service at
the design pressure.
Manifolds connecting the storage tank shall be fabricated to minimize vibration and shall be installed in protected
locations or shielded to prevent damage from unsecured objects.
Piping and fittings shall be clear and free from cutting burrs and scales, and the ends of all piping shall be reamed.
Any piping fabrication process shall not reduce its pressure rating below the design pressure.
A joint or connection shall be located in an accessible location.
Hydrogen shall only be vented to a safe point of discharge. A vent pipe shall be connected to a point at the top of the
storage tank to prevent any trace of hydrogen remaining, and shall have the open end suitably protected to prevent
entrance of rain, snow and solid material. Vertical vent pipes shall have provision for drainage.
[Link] Pipe supports
Pipe supports, including pipe-supporting insulation systems, shall be resistant to or protected against exposure to fire
or escaping cold liquid hydrogen, or both, if they are subject to such exposure.

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When the computed stress range varies, whether from thermal expansion or other conditions, SE is defined as the
greatest computed displacement stress range. The value of N in such cases can be calculated by equation (7):

ISO

ISO 13984:1999(E)

4.2.4 Refuelling hoses

Design of the refuelling hoses shall be met according to the state of the art and manufacturer's experience.
The refuelling hoses shall consist of vacuum or otherwise suitably insulated flexible hoses for the hydrogen to remain in
its liquid form. The hoses shall be suitably equipped for the ventilation of any gaseous hydrogen that may form.
The insulation shall maintain any properties that are required by design during an emergency when exposed to fire,
heat, cold or water as applicable.
Whenever a loss of vacuum is detected, or if condensation or frost appears on the external surface of the hose during
use, the hose shall be taken out of service until the vacuum has been restored.

Gasket materials suitable for service with liquid hydrogen and that are properly sized shall be used for this service.
Loose-fibre gasket material that can be readily fretted shall not be used, since the loose particles may contaminate the
system. O-rings and O-ring grooves shall be matched properly for the design service conditions of low temperature and
hydrogen exposure.
The maximum permissible operating pressure of the transfer equipment shall be rated equal to or greater than the
storage tank design pressure or the discharge pressure of pumps or other devices, whichever is higher. Where dual
hoses are used, provisions shall be made for gas recovery or venting.
Sharp bends and twists shall be avoided in the routing of flexible hose. A minimum of five times the outside diameter of
the hose is considered acceptable as a bend radius.
The use of hose in an installation shall be limited to:
a)

a vehicle fuelling hose;

b)

an inlet connection to compression equipment;

c)

a section of metallic hose not exceeding 1 m in length to provide flexibility where necessary. Each section shall
be installed so that it will be protected against mechanical damage and be readily visible for external inspection.
The manufacturer's identification shall be retained in each section.

4.2.5 Pressure-relief devices

The design, material and location of pressure-relief devices shall be suitable for the intended service.
When fittings and piping are used on the upstream and/or downstream sides of pressure-relief systems, the passages
shall be designed so that the flow capacity of the pressure relief systems will not be reduced below the capacity
required for the storage tank on which the pressure-relief systems are installed. The opening through all piping and
fittings shall have at least the same flow area as the inlet of the pressure-relief device to which it is connected. The
nominal size of the discharge piping shall be at least as large as that of the pressure-relief device outlet. Oversized
pressure-relief devices may be used without requiring all openings in their lines to have the same flow area, provided
the required flow capacity is assured through the system.
Each pressure-relief device shall be subjected to an air or gas pressure test to determine:
a)

that the start-to-discharge pressure setting is within tolerances of the set pressure marked on the valve as
required by an applicable standard;
CAUTION: In setting the valve, care shall be taken that evidence of start-to-discharge is due to opening
of the valve and not due to a defect.

b)

that after the start-to-discharge pressure test, the resealing pressure is not less than 90 % of the start-todischarge pressure. If the valve has adjustable blowdown, the resealing pressure shall not be less that 95 % of
the start-to-discharge pressure.

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Each coupling used on a hose to make connections shall be appropriately designed so that there will be no leakage
where it is connected.

ISO 13984:1999(E)

ISO

Pressure-relief devices shall be so arranged that the possibility of damage to piping or appurtenances is reduced to a
minimum. The means for adjusting pressure-relief-valve set pressure shall be sealed.
The discharge piping from pressure-relief devices shall be properly supported to withstand the reaction forces
generated during maximum rate of discharge.
Pressure relief valves shall be inspected and set point tested at least once every 30 months, with intervals not
exceeding 30 months, to ensure that each valve relieves at the proper setting.
A pressure-relief device shall be provided in the transfer system to prevent overpressure.
A pressure-relief valve shall be installed as required to prevent overpressure caused by thermal expansion in any
section of a liquid or cold-vapour pipeline that can be isolated by valves.
These pressure-relief valves shall be set to discharge at or below the design pressure of the section of the piping or
hose they protect.
Discharge from such pressure-relief valves shall be directed to minimize hazard to personnel and equipment.
4.2.6 Vehicle refuelling connections
A vehicle refuelling connection shall provide for the reliable and secure connection of the fuel tanks to a source of liquid
hydrogen only.
The transfer connections shall be keyed, sized or located so that they cannot be cross-connected, thereby minimizing
the possibility of connecting incompatible gaseous fluids or pressure levels. The connectors and fittings to be
disconnected during operations shall be provided with tethered end plates, caps, plugs or covers to protect the system
from contamination or damage when not in use. Pressure relief shall also be provided if cold fluid can remain trapped in
the lines. The fuelling connection shall prevent escape of hydrogen, in either its gaseous or liquefied form, when the
connector is not properly engaged or becomes separated.
The end of the liquid-hydrogen fuelling hose shall be equipped with a suitable male vacuum-jacketed coupling capable
of connecting to a vacuum-jacketed female coupling on the vehicle.
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Purging shall also be possible with the connector coupling mechanism or when coupled.
The dispensing device shall be protected from vehicle collision damage.
An emergency shutdown system (ESD) shall be provided that includes a shutoff valve for stopping liquid supply and
shutting down transfer equipment. An actuator, distinctly marked for easy recognition with a permanently affixed,
legible sign, shall be provided near the dispenser and also at a safe, remote location.
Hoses and arms shall be equipped with a shutoff valve at the free end and with devices to minimize release of liquid
and vapour in the event that a vehicle pulls away while the hoses remain connected.
A means shall be provided to supply the fuelling system operator with the level and pressure of liquid hydrogen in the
fuel tank to prevent from overfilling and overpressurising. The level and pressure devices shall be calibrated on a
periodic basis.
The fuelling connector either shall be equipped with an interlock device that prevents release while the line is open or
shall have self-closing ends that automatically close upon disconnection.
When not in use, hoses shall be secured and the fuelling connector provided with a storage bracket to protect it from
damage.
The fuelling connector shall be suspended by a tethering device that prevents it from coming in contact with the ground
at any position between its storage bracket and the vehicle female coupling.
A grounding connector and cable shall be provided from the refuelling station to a ground connector on the vehicle
being refuelled. Any tools used in the refuelling operation shall be non-sparking.

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ISO 13984:1999(E)

4.3 Installation of piping and hoses

4.3.1 Layout
Piping and hoses shall be run as directly as practical.
4.3.2 Welding
Qualified welding procedures shall be selected to minimize degradation of the low temperature properties of the pipe
material. Welds shall be inspected using radiographic or ultrasonic testing or other equivalent non-destructive testing
as described in clause 5.

4.4 Equipment assembly

Piping, valves, regulating equipment and other accessories shall be readily accessible and shall be protected against
physical damage and against tampering.
A remotely controlled shutoff valve shall be located in the liquid-hydrogen withdrawal piping as close to the storage tank
as practical. No connection, flange or other appurtenance except a welded manual shutoff valve shall be installed in the
piping between the remotely controlled shutoff valve and its connection to the storage tank.
An emergency device shall be provided whereby the operator of the refuelling interface can readily activate the shutoff
valve during refuelling.
After installation, all field-erected piping shall be tested and proved hydrogen gas-tight according to the leak testing
procedure described in 5.6.
Any material present underneath the transfer hoses shall be noncombustible.

4.5 Transfer method

4.5.1 Cleanliness and purges
All transfer hoses in liquid hydrogen service shall be purged with helium or hydrogen gas to remove other gases and
contaminants before insertion of liquid hydrogen into the line. Purges subsequent to hydrogen use, for shutdown or
maintenance purposes, shall be made with an inert gas such as helium.
If the fuelling system can be maintained by any means under continuous hydrogen pressure, purging need not be
performed.
4.5.2 Electrical grounding and bonding
All conductive sections in the fuelling system interface shall be bonded to the rest of the system or grounded.
Electrically isolated conductive sections shall not be used. Sufficient grounding connections shall be provided to
prevent any measurable static electricity charge from accumulating on any component.
The bonding connections shall be made before the final installation of the transfer system.
The resistance to ground shall be less than 10 W.

5 Testing and inspection methods

5.1 Examination requirements
Prior to initial operation, each piping installation, including components and workmanship, shall be examined as
described in 5.3.1, 5.3.2, 5.3.3 and 5.3.4. Joints not included in these examinations, or those for which the
manufacturer is not requiring examination, are accepted if they pass the leak test of 5.6.

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ISO 13984:1999(E)

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5.2 Acceptance criteria

Acceptance criteria shall be as guaranteed by the manufacturer.

5.3 Examination types

5.3.1 Extent of examination
Piping shall be examined to the extent specified in this International Standard or to any greater extent specified by the
manufacturer.
5.3.2 Visual examination
All the fabrication shall be visually inspected to ensure that it conforms to specifications and is free from defects. The
assemblies of all threaded, bolted and other joints shall be examined.

5.3.3 Other examination

Not less than 5 % of circumferential butt and mitre groove welds shall be examined fully by random radiography in
accordance with 5.4.2 or by random ultrasonic examination in accordance with 5.4.3. Socket welds and branch
connection welds which are not radiographed shall be examined by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods in
accordance with 5.4.4.
5.3.4 In-process examinations
In-process examination, supplemented by appropriate nondestructive examination, may be substituted for the
examination required in 5.3.2 on a weld-to-weld basis if specified by the manufacturer or specifically authorized by the
Inspector.
5.3.5 Certification and records
Certifications, records and other evidence that the materials and components are of the specified grades and that they
have received required heat treatment, examination, and testing shall be retained by the manufacturer.

5.4 Examination procedures

5.4.1 Qualification of personnel and written procedures
Required examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure that conforms to one of the methods
specified in the following subclauses of this International Standard. The personnel performing the testing shall be
qualified and certified in accordance with ISO 11484.
5.4.2 Radiographic examination
Radiography of welds and of components other than castings shall be performed in accordance with ISO 1106-3.
5.4.3 Ultrasonic examination
Ultrasonic examination of welds and of the area adjacent to the weld seam shall be performed in accordance with
ISO 9303 and ISO 13663.
5.4.4 Magnetic particle and liquid penetrant examination
Magnetic particle examination of welds shall be performed in accordance with ISO 13664 and ISO 13665.
Liquid penetrant examination of welds shall be performed in accordance with ISO 12095.

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All piping erection shall be examined to verify dimensions and alignment. Supports, guides and points of cold spring
shall be checked to ensure that movement of the piping under all conditions of startup, operation and shutdown will be
accommodated without binding or constraint.

ISO

ISO 13984:1999(E)

5.5 Pressure testing

5.5.1 Applicability
Prior to initial operation, each piping system shall be tested to verify strength. The test shall be a hydrostatic test or a
pneumatic test as provided in 5.5.2 and 5.5.3 respectively.
5.5.2 Hydrostatic test
[Link] Procedure
During or prior to initial operation, the pressure shall be gradually increased in steps until 150 % of the design pressure
is reached, holding the pressure at each step long enough to equalize piping strains. A preliminary check shall be
made.
[Link] Records of test conditions
Records of pressure-test medium and ambient temperature shall be maintained for the duration of each test, and these
records shall be retained for the life of the facility or until such time as a retest is conducted.
5.5.3 Pneumatic test
[Link] Applicability
Where the owner considers a hydrostatic pressure test impracticable, either a pneumatic or a combined hydrostaticpneumatic test may be substituted.
[Link] Test fluid
The test fluid shall be helium or nitrogen.
[Link] Procedure
The test pressure shall be gradually increased in steps until at least 130 % of the design pressure is reached.
5.5.4 Alternative pressure test
All the circumferential, longitudinal and spiral groove welds shall be 100 % radiographed in accordance with 5.4.2. All
welds, including structural attachment welds not covered above, shall be examined using the liquid penetrant method
or, for magnetic materials, the magnetic particle method defined in 5.4.4.

5.6 Leak test

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Before insulating and jacketing, all joints and connections, except those previously tested in accordance with this
procedure, shall be examined for leaks at the maximum permissible operating pressure with gaseous helium using a
method that guarantees the detection of leaks having a leak rate greater than 1024 Pa m3 s21.
All pipe, valves, safety devices and fittings shall be proven free from hydrogen leaks at not less than the maximum
permissible operating pressure or 90 % of the design pressure, whichever is higher.

6 Qualification of personnel

In the interest of safety, each fuelling system interface shall be supervised by personnel who have been instructed in
the design and construction of the system and who are qualified or certified in proper practices for the use of the
system and all safety devices.
Personnel involved in the transfer operations of liquid hydrogen shall be trained in proper handling and operating duties
and procedures, which the employer shall document. Wherever required, personnel shall be certified.

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ISO

Training shall be conducted upon employment and on a biannual basis. Training shall include:
a)

information on the nature, properties and hazards of hydrogen in both the liquid and gaseous phases;

b)

specific instructions on the facility equipment to be used;

c)

information on materials that are compatible for use with liquid hydrogen;

d)

the use and care of protective equipment and clothing;

e)

standard first aid and self-aid instruction;

f)

response to emergency situations such as fires, leaks and spills;

g)

good housekeeping practices;

h)

Emergency Response Plan prepared to cover the potential emergency conditions that can develop and which
should include without being limited to:
1)

the use of an emergency shutdown system to isolate various portions of the equipment and other
applicable measures to ensure that the escape of liquid or gas is cut off promptly or reduced as much as
possible;

2)

the use of fire protection systems;

3)

the notification of public authorities and neighboring properties;

4)

first aid;

5)

duties of personnel;

6)

an evacuation plan, including evacuation and fire drills.

7 Security and safety

7.1 Work area requirements
The liquid hydrogen fuelling system facility shall provide protection to minimize unauthorized access and damage to the
facility. Safety procedures shall be posted in readily visible areas near the fuelling facility.
Suitable clothing, faceshield/goggles and gloves shall be provided for all operators dispensing and handling liquid
hydrogen, except where equipment is demonstrated to operate without release of liquid hydrogen or cold gaseous
hydrogen.

7.2 Warning signs

For all liquid hydrogen fuelling facilities, the following signs shall be displayed in bright red letters on a white
background, with bold, easily read letters not less than 15 cm high:
NO SMOKING or No smoking within 8 m;

b)

Stop motor before refuelling;

c)

No open flames permitted at any time;

d)

Cryogenic flammable liquid;

e)

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a)

Flammable gas.

12

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ISO

ISO 13984:1999(E)

8 Maintenance
Each component in service and its support system, including the refuelling hose, shall be maintained in a condition that
is compatible with its operation or safety purpose by repair, replacement or other means.

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A preventive maintenance programme shall be in place that shall include a schedule of written procedures for regular
test and inspection of each component and the complete system.

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ISO 13984:1999(E)

ISO

ICS 43.060.40
Descriptors: land vehicles, refuelling, liquefied gases, hydrogen, servicing points, interfaces, specifications, safety requirements, tests,
physical tests, inspection methods.
Price based on 13 pages
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No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Not for Resale