UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
What makes Business an alternative way of the most resulting to
Underemployment?
Researchers:
Rica Catangui
Kevin Salvadora
Cristine Mae Fraginal
Zairah Shane Barcela
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
INTRODUCTION
The choice of the profession or an occupation is one of the very important decisions
that one has to make during his lifetime, considering the fact that one spends a great
deal of his lifetime. It is essential to ones personal happiness and success. Others,
enroll in the post graduate to follow the footsteps of successful relatives and the
pathways of progressive men and women in the community. It may not guarantee
happiness but it may help achieve what one wants.
Have you been wandering all the time especially on centro? You probably go to big
shopping store such LCC when you have money to meet some of your high demands.
Most of the time affordable products can be met on small businesses people built on the
side not just the personal care products you are needing for but our everyday needs
namely food and clean detergents these needs or wants can be bought at cheap price
are mostly on sari-sari store, karenderya, tiangge which are considered as small
business run over by self-employed workers.
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
This research aims to present what makes business an alternative or choices of the
most resulting to underemployment particularly not referring to the big company rather
small alternate profitable work for unemployed or jobless people. Underemployment
involves people who are into work not related to their skills or career that they just
finished on college degree. It is now mostly present to countries with less job to offer
including our country, the Philippines, resulting to bar down of economic rate. It is part of
peoples way of thinking when it comes to decision making having an alternative work
before to continue the career and future responsibility they are dreaming of but for those
unemployed persons who didnt finish their study and not into work they prefer selling,
having business which turns out to be their permanent work and source of income at the
same time than working on with others such to an offered job.
Out of the graduate students no doubt that some arent able to work using the
course they just finished but rather being an employee to a branch of a small company.
To sharply observe small business are scattered on Centro and they are still growing.
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.) How business will help underemployed workers to meet their demands?
2.) What are the possible kind of business that underemployed can build?
3.) In what way an underemployed worker can turn small business to a complex
business as an alternative source of income?
4.) How does underemployed workers able to cope the challenges when it comes
to their own business?
5.) To what particular person of unemployed workers are engaged to business?
ASSUMPTIONS:
This study was anchored on the following assumptions:
1. The respondents varied profile as for being self-employed worker of the
respondents
2. The business performance of the respondents was determined
3. The attitude of the respondents toward business
4. Problems encountered by the respondents toward their business and ways to
cope.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The researchers believe that this study will become a valuable reservoir of
information with regards of underemployment in the field of business.
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
This research could also serve as a mirror on the societys problem regarding the
ways of jobless people having small business as an alternative source of income
resulting to one reasons of low economic rate.
The following are part of the society that can benefit by this this study:
STUDENTS: This research study will help students in dealing with their interests and
course
SELF-EMPLOYED WORKER: This research study will help self-employed workers
be determined of their expertise.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS: This study was also prepared for future researchers in
making another strategies if not making the undergraduate and self-employed
workers be determined of their expertise rather to strengthen them of being engaged
on business
RESEARCHERS THEMSELVES:
This study about Business being run over by the self-employed workers resulting
to underemployment is used by the students of Grade 11 from University of Saint
Anthony for the undergraduate and self-employed workers. Data was gathered
through researchers-made questionnaire and interviews conducted given to people
who run over small businesses at centro of Iriga. Questions content are merely
personal such their academic background regarding the course finished.
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT
1. PROFILE OF THE Analysis Of the Profile
RESPONDENTS of Respondents in Implication
a. Personal terms of personal,
b. Academic
c. Employment
academic and of the study
2. JOB STABILITY OF employment
THE The analysis of the job
RESPOPNDENTS stability of the
IN TERMS OF; respondents in terms
a. Employment
of: employment status,
status
b. Salaries salaries, job
c. Job performance performance
3. SIGNIFICANT
The analysis of the
RELATIONSHIP
significant relationship
EXIST BETWEEN
between profile and job
THE PROFIKE AND
JOB STABILITY stability
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
The conceptual framework presented above serves as the research guide for the
study. The researcher uses Input-Process-Output system.
Input. The input of this study includes the job stability of the respondents in
terms of: (a) employment status, (b) salaries and (c) job performance. It also
include the significant relationship that exist between personal profile and job
stability
Process. It includes the analysis of the profile of respondents in terms of
personal, employment and job stability under employment status, salaries and
job performance and the analysis of relationship that exist between the profile
and job stability.
Output. The result of this study determines its implication to the undergraduates,
graduates being self-employed on Iriga. The output is sent back to the input and
process as indicated by the feedback loop arrow. If the feedback loop indicates
needed changes then the system need to be adjusted for improvement.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
This chapter presents the related literature and studies that substantiated the
research inputs. All these provided the researcher with an extensive range of ideas and
insights that are relevant to the present taking.
FOREIGN LITERATURE
English majors might traditionally get a bad rap for job prospects, but it's the business
majors who are having a hard time finding work in their field of choice.
According to PayScale's "Underemployment In America" report released on Tuesday,
graduates who studied business management and administration were 8.2 times more
likely to be underemployed compared to their classmates.
This ratio of underemployment is almost twice as high as for English majors, who were
4.6 times more likely to be underemployed than their peers.
"Underemployment" rates measure the number of workers who are highly skilled, but in
low-paying jobs and not utilizing their expertise and experience, or who are working
part-time jobs but would prefer to be in a full-time position.
"The problem with business majors is that it's so common," Katie Bardaro, lead
economist at PayScale, tells us. "There's so many of them and not enough jobs to go
around."
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Without an MBA, undergraduate business majors have it pretty tough, says PayScale's
report, which identified the 10 most underemployed undergraduate majors based on an
analysis of 40 million career profiles on its site.
Other majors with high levels of underemployment were criminal justice (6.9
times more likely to be underemployed), drama and theater arts majors (6.9
times), anthropology (5.8 times), liberal arts (5.6 times), history (5.5 times), and
psychology (5 times), according to PayScale.
Of the different types of schools PayScale looked at, business schools also had the
highest relative ratio of underemployment (1.17 times the national average), whereas
engineering schools had the lowest (0.36 times the national average).
What does this mean for the bigger economy?
"Underemployment can have lasting effects on local economies," PayScale's report
said. "As fewer people are able to find the jobs that match their qualifications or desired
hours, less money cycles through the economy, and businesses continue to hold back
on hiring. It is a compounding cycle that can mean real trouble for the metros on our
list."
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
In short, education can help you better your skills and develop valuable relationships
with others, but it's up to individuals to think like innovators and disruptors and identify
trends that will set them apart in our rapidly evolving global workforce.
LOCAL LITERATURE
In 2013, the annual employment rate was estimated at 92.7 percent and the annual
unemployment rate, at 7.3 percent. Meanwhile, the underemployment rate was 19.8
percent. These annualized rates are based on the results of the quarterly Labor Force
Survey (LFS) conducted in 2013, that is, in January, April and July of year 2013.
The total employed persons reached approximately 38.0 million in 2013 (Table 1).
Employed persons are grouped into three major sectors, namely, agriculture, industry
and services sector. Workers in the services sector comprised the largest proportion of
the population who are employed, making up 53.4 percent of the total employed. Those
engaged in the wholesale and retail trade or in the repair of motor vehicles and
motorcycles accounted for 34.8 percent of the total employed in this sector or 18.6
percent of the total employed. Workers in the agriculture sector comprised the second
largest group (30.9%), followed by workers in the industry sector (15.7%).
Occupation-wise, the laborers remain the largest group making up 32.6 percent of the
total employed. Officials of the Government and special-interest organizations,
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Corporation executives, managers, managing proprietors and supervisors (16.2% of the
total employed) comprised the second largest occupation group, followed by farmers,
forestry workers and fishermen (13.0%), and service workers and shop/market sales
workers (12.3%). Employed persons fall into any of these classes of workers: wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers without any paid employee, employers in own
family-operated farm or business, and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers
comprised 58.6 percent of the total employed persons, numbering approximately 22.3
million. Among the wage and salary workers, the workers in private establishments
accounted for the largest percentage (45.0%), followed by workers in government and
government-controlled corporations (8.0%), workers in private households (5.2%) and
workers with pay in own family-operated farms or businesses (0.4%). Self-employed
workers without any paid employee accounted for 27.9 percent of the total employed,
whereas the unpaid family workers, 10.1 percent.
Employed persons are classified as either full-time workers or part-time workers.
Full-time workers are those who work for 40 hours or more in a week, while part-time
workers work for less than 40 hours. Approximately 24.5 million persons or 64.5
percent of the total employed persons worked for 40 hours or longer in a week. Those
who worked for less than 40 hours were estimated at 13.1 million or 34.4 percent of the
total employed persons. The underemployed persons or those employed persons who
express the desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to have
additional job, or to
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
have a new job with longer working hours numbered approximately 7.5 million, resulting
in an underemployment rate of 19.8 percent (Tables 2 and 4).
The unemployment rate in 2013 was estimated at 7.3 percent, which translates to a
number of unemployed which is approximately 3.0 million. Of this number, 62.1 percent
were males. The largest number of the unemployed were in the age group 15 to 24
years (48.8%), followed by the age group 25 to 34 years (30.0%). By educational
attainment, one-fifth (20.0%) of the unemployed were college graduates, 13.8 percent
were college undergraduates, and 32.7 percent were high school graduates.
(Sgd.) CARMELITA N. ERICTA
Administrator
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Philippines 2013
Population 15 years and over (in '000) 64,093
Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 63.9
Employment Rate (%) 92.7
Unemployment Rate (%) 7.3
Underemployment Rate (%) 19.8
Note: These annual estimates were derived by taking the average of the
estimates of the three quarter-rounds (January, April and July) of 2013 LFS.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2013 Labor Force Surveys (LFS)
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Chapter 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is a discussion of the procedure used in this study, respondents, the
tools for data gathering, and statistical treatment of collecting data
Methods Used
The descriptive-correlational method was used mainly in this study
employing questionnaire and interview for gathering data. Documentary analysis and
survey were also used. The descriptive method was used for according to Calmorin, et
al., this technique tells what exists or what is about a certain educational phenomenon.
It involves collection of data in order to test hypotheses or to answer questions
concerning the current status of the subject study.
The correlational technique was used since this technique has been
designed to determine the extent to which different variables are related to each other in
the population of interest (Parkasa).
Respondents
The respondents of the study were self-employed workers including the
undergraduates who have been into business as their profitable work, the
underemployed workers.
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
The researchers then, has worked on with the data provided by the specified
respondents and their educational background such course they just finished and their
present work theyve been working on.
Data Gathering Tools
The main tool used in this study is the questionnaire. The questionnaire was
designed to come up with the personal, academic and employment profile.
To supplement the data needed, documentary analysis was also employed. To
gather sufficient information and to further validate the survey, the researcher made a
thorough but informal interview among the respondents.
Questionnaire
The questionnaire is a written instrument that contains series of questions or
items to collect information and provided answers on the queries about the research
study.
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Dear Respondents,
We, the researchers are currently conducting a research study entitled Reasons
Why Some Senior High School Students of University of Saint Anthony choose
ABM Instead of Other Strands.
Regarding this we would like to ask for your cooperation and approach as one of
our respondents. Please answer the questionnaire honestly. Rest assure your answer
would be regarded as strictly confidential. Thank you and God Bless!
-The Researchers
Name: ______________________________________________________________________
Gender: Male ____ Female _____ Age: _________________
Section:_____________________________________________________________________
Directions: Put a check(/) on your preferred answer.
5- Strongly Agree 4- Moderately Agree 3- Agree 2- Fair 1- Disagree
5 4 3 2 1
1 Are you satisfied with your
chosen strand, ABM?
3 Underemployed workers usually
find sari-sari store as an
alternative job.
4 Do you meet your needs and
demands for your family by
means of your business career
today?
5 Is It possible that your
knowledge about the career you
finished are enough to handle
any business related matters?
6 Course related work is much
better than being self-employed.
7 Are you satisfied of being self-
employed than working to
others?
DIRECTION: Encircle the letter which corresponds to your personal information being asked for.
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
1 How much income do you earn monthly in your business?
a Below Php 1000
b Php 1500-Php 5000
c Php 5500-Php 10000
d Php 10000 and above
2 What factors you are considering in setting up a business?
a Location, Capital and Entrepreneurial skils
b Products, labor and quality
c Demand, population and unique style
3 How will you rate your business on how its been innovated compared from the year
youve started to run it over?
a Below 30%
b 30-40%
c 50%
d 70% and above
4 What factors that affect the development of your business?
a Prices of the products
b Customers
c Competition
SUGESTION:
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Chapter 3
FINDINGS
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Chapter 4
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Chapter 5
RECOMMENDATION
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Chapter 6
REFERENCES
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Senior High School Department
City of Iriga
Chapter 7
APPENDIX
