Aklan State University

School of Arts and Sciences

Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Banga, Aklan

Name: Lourenz S. Bontia Date: January

31, 2016

Assignment in Pharmacology

A. Aminoglycosides

1. Amikacin
Definition: Amikacin is an antibiotic used to treat serious gram-negative
bacterial infections.
Dosage: 15 mg/kg daily in equal doses at equally spaced intervals (7.5 mg/kg
every 12 hr or 5 mg/kg every 8 hr) for 7 to 10 days.
Route: IV
2. Gentamicin
Definition: To treat serious bacterial infections caused by aerobic gram-negative
organisms and some gram-positive organisms, including Citrobacter species,
Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia species, Staphylococcus aureus, and many
strains of Streptococcus species.
Dosage: 1 to 1.7 mg/kg every 8 hr or 4-7 mg/kg every 24 hours.
Route: IV
B. Carbapenems
1. Doripenem
Definition: To treat complicated intra-abdominal infections caused by
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides
caccae, B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, B. vulgatus, Streptococcus
intermedius, S. constellatus, and Peptostreptococcus micros and complicated
UTIs, including pyelonephritis caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis,
P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii
Dosage: 500 mg infused over 1 hr every 8 hr for 5 to 14 days.
Route: IV
2. Ertapenem
Definition: To treat moderate to severe infections, such as complicated intra-
abdominal infections due to Escherichia coli, Clostridium clostridioforme,
Eubacterium lentum, Peptostreptococcus species, Bacteroides fragilis,
[Link], [Link], B. thetaiotaomicron, or [Link]; complicated skin and
skin-structure infections due to staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible
strains only), Streptococcus pyogenes, [Link], or Peptostreptococcus species;
community-acquired pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae
(penicillinsusceptible strains only, including cases with concurrent
bacteremia),Haemophilus influenzae (betalactamase negative strains only), or

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 moraxella catarrhalis; complicated UTI (including pyelonephritis) due to
[Link](including cases with concurrent bacteremia) or Klebsiella pneumoniae; and
acute pelvic infections (including postpartum endomyometritis, septic abortion,
and postsurgical gynecologic infections) due to Streptococcus agalactiae, [Link],
[Link], Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus.
Dosage: 1 g daily, infused over 30 min, for up to 14 days.
Route: IV

C. Cephalosporins
1. Cefadroxil
Definition: To treat UTI caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, or Proteus
mirabilis
Dosage: 1 to 2 g daily or in divided doses every 12 hr.
Route: Oral
2. Cefazolin
Definition: To treat respiratory tract infections caused by group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus,
and Streptococcus pneumoniae; skin and soft-tissue infections caused by S.
aureus, group A betahemolytic and other strains of streptococci; biliary tract
infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis, S.
aureus, and various strains of streptococci; bone and joint infections caused by S.
aureus; genital infections, such as epididymitis and prostatitis, caused by E. coli,
Klebsiella species, P. mirabilis, and some strains of enterococci; septicemia
caused by E. coli, Klebsiella species, P. mirabilis, S. aureus, and S. pneumonia and
endocarditis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. aureus
Dosage: 250 to 500 mg every 8 hr
Route: IV
D. Fluoroquinolones
1. Ciprofloxacin
Definition: To prevent inhalation anthrax after exposure or to treat inhalation
anthrax
Dosage: 500 mg every 12 hr for 60 days.
Route: Oral
2. Gemifloxacin
Definition: To treat acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, or
Moraxella catarrhalis
Dosage: 320 mg daily for 5 days.
Route: Oral

E. Pennicillins and Penicillinase-resistant antibiotics

1. penicillin G benzathine
Definition: To treat systemic infections caused by gram-positive organisms
(including Bacillus anthracis, uorynebacterium diphtheriae, enterococci, Listeria
monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,and S. epidermidis), gramnegative
organisms (including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, Pasteurella
multocida, and Streptobacillus moniliformis [rat-bite fever]), and gram-positive
anaerobes (including Actinomyces israelii [actinomycosis], Clostridium
perfringens, C. tetani, Peptococcus species, Peptostreptococcusspecies, and
spirochetes, especially Treponemacarateum [pinta], T. pallidum, and u. pertenue
[yaws])
Dosage: 200,000 to 800,000 units (125 to 500 mg) every 6 to 8 hr.
Rote: Oral

2. Nafcillin

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 Definition: To treat infections caused by penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus
aureus`
Dosage: 250 to 1,000 mg every 4 to 6 hr
Route: Oral

F. Sulfonamides
1. Sulfadiazine
Definition: To treat asymptomatic carriers of meningitis
Dosage: 1 g every 12 hr for 2 days
Route: Oral
2. Sulfisoxazole
Definition: To treat inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and
to maintain or prolong remission
Dosage: 4 to 8 g daily in divided doses every 4 to 6 hr.
Route: Oral

G. Tetracyclines
1. Doxycycline
Definition: To treat cutaneous, GI, or inhalation anthrax
Dosage: 100 mg (base) every 12 hr for 60 days.
Route: Oral

2. Tetracycline
Definition: To treat actinomycosis caused by susceptible organisms
Dosage: 250 to 500 mg every 6 hr
Route: Oral

H. Antimycobacterials
1. Streptomycin
Definition: To treat gram-negative bacillary bacteremia, meningeal infections,
pneumonia, systemic infections, and UTI caused by susceptible strains of
Aerobacter aerogenes, Brucella, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis,
Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus ducreyi, H. influenzae,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus
Dosage: 1 to 2 g daily in divided doses every 6 to 12 hr.
Route: Parenteral

2. Ethambutol hydrochloride
Definition: As adjunct to treat tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Dosage: 15 mg/kg daily
Route: Oral

I. Other antibiotics
1. Lincomycin
Definition: To treat serious respiratory, skin, and soft-tissue infections caused by
susceptible strains of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci
Dosage: 500 mg every 6 to 8 hr.
Route: Oral

2. Clindamycin
Definition: To treat serious respiratory tract infections caused by anaerobes such
as occur with anaerobic pneumonitis, empyema, and lung abscess and those
caused by pneumococci, staphylococci, and streptococci; serious skin and
softtissue infections caused by anaerobes, staphylococci, and streptococci;
septicemia caused by anaerobes; intra-abdominal infections caused by anaerobes
such as occur with intra-abdominal abscess and peritonitis; infections of the
female pelvis and genital tract caused by anaerobes such as occur with

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 endometritis, nongonococcal tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic cellulitis, and
postsurgical vaginal cuff infection; bone and joint infections caused by
Staphylococcus aureus; as adjunct therapy in chronic bone and joint infections
Dosage: 150 to 300 mg every 6 hr
Route: Oral
J. New Classes of Antibiotics and Adjuncts
1. Linezolid
Definition: To treat vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections,
including bacteremia
Dosage: 600 mg every 12 hr for 14 to 28 days.
Route: Oral
2. Daptomycin
Definition: To treat complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by
Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant isolates), Streptococcus
pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies
Equisimilis, and Enterococcus faecalis (vancomycinsusceptible isolates only)
Dosage: 6 mg/kg I.V. every 24 hr.
Route: IV

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