CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1.3 PROBLEM SPECIFICATIONS

1.4 SUMMARY OF PROJECT WORK

1.5 BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW

1
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The human brain has many thoughts and emotional states which are represented as
pattern of interactions between neurons present in mind. Interaction of neurons doesnt
create enough electrical discharge which can be measured from outside the noddle. But
hundreds of thousands such discharges combine into waves which can be measured.

Different brain states have different patterns of neuron interaction which create a wave.
For example, beta waves (12-30 Hz) are associated with concentration and alpha waves
(8-12 Hz) are associated with relaxation. This Brainwaves can be measured using
Electroencephalography(EEG) Technique. These measured brainwaves are transferred
into computer via wireless communication. This system is known as brain computer
interface (BCI) or Mind Machine Interface(MMI). BCI translates brain activity signals
into control commands defined by user.

Here we are trying to control devices using three basic mind states. They are Attention or
Concentration (measure of Alpha mind waves), Meditation or Relaxation (measure of
Beta mind waves) and Eye Blinking.

FIGURE 1.1 BASIC CONCEPT

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE:

To control any devices wirelessly using Brainwaves. We can use brain states like
Attention, Mediation and Eye-blinking to control devices like Robots, Computer, Home
Appliances, Robotic-Arm, Quadcopter, etc.

2
1.3 PROBLEM SPECIFICATIONS:

Conventionally, to control any wired or wireless devices we use any remote, direct
computer interface or IOT. In advancement of controlling devices we will make some
interface between mind and device which had to be controlled using EEG headset.

1.4 SUMMARY OF PROJECT WORK:

From above product description, we can conclude that the brain controlled device based
on brain computer interfaces system can provide direct communication and control
between the human brain and physical devices by translating different signals of brain
activity into commands in real time. This generated commands of the brain can be
controlled by EEG headset, which uses the attention, meditation and eye blinking of
handicap person. This commands are helps to control the robotic device by Brain
Computer System interfacing. So, finally the device getting controlled by physically
challenged peoples mind wave. Basically, the main intention of this product is to develop
a device that can assist the disabled people in their life to do some work independent on
others.

1.5 LITERATURE REVIEW:

1] International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software
Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com
Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2015 ISSN: 2277 128X
Home Appliances Control Using Brain Wave Sensor by EEG
Kimmi Aswini1, Y. Aruna Suhasini2, K. Rama Rao3,1Student, M.Tech, 2Associate
Professor, M.Tech, 3Assistant Professor, M.Tech 1, 2, 3 Dept of ECE, CMR College of
Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India
Abstract - This paper presents a brain controlled home appliance based on Brain
computer interface (BCI). Today even though technology is helping some of the
handicapped people to perform their tasks, but some of them are completely paralysed
while their brain is still working. This paper presents a brain wave analysis technology
that helps physically paralysed but mentally active people to operate external device, by
using their brain power and their eye blinking mechanism. BCIs are systems that can
transfer the information from brain to computer by interfacing through muscles and brain

3
waves movement by the collecting electrodes placed on scalp of brain. These waves are
intercepted by dry electrodes in brain wave sensor. For analysis of brain waves alpha and
beta waves of EEG output are used to control the home appliances operation through
ARM controller by transferring serial data from brain waves through serial
communication.
Keywords ARM, EEG, BCI, Serial Communication, MATLAB

2] International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Dec-2015 www.irjet.net
EEG BASED BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR CONTROLLING HOME
APPLIANCES
B. SUJATHA1, G. AMBICA2, 1 Associate Professor, Department of ECE, LINGAYAS
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY, INDIA ,2M.Tech, Department of
ECE LINGAYAS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY/INDIA
ABSTRACT: This project discussed about a brain controlled home appliances based on
Braincomputer interfaces (BCI). BCIs are systems that can bypass conventional
channels of communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to provide direct communication
and control between the human brain and physical devices by translating different
patterns of brain activity into commands in real time. With these commands a home
appliances can be controlled. Here, we are analyzing the brain wave signals. Human brain
consists of millions of interconnected neurons. The patterns of interaction between these
neurons are represented as thoughts and emotional states. According to the human
thoughts, this pattern will be changing which in turn produce different electrical waves. A
muscle contraction will also generate a unique electrical signal. All these electrical waves
will be sensed by the brain wave sensor and it will convert the data into packets and
transmit through Bluetooth medium. Level analyser unit (LAU) will receive the brain
wave raw data and it will extract and process the signal using Mat lab platform. Then the
instructions will be sending to the home section to operate the modules (bulb, fan). The
project operated with human brain assumption and the on-off condition of home
appliance is based on changing the muscle movement with blinking.
KEY WORDS BCI, Neurons, brain wave sensor, brain wave raw, data Level analyser
unit (LAU).

4
3] United States Patent
Patent N0.: US 6,171,239 B1
Date of Patent: Jan. 9, 2001
SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR CONTROLLING EXTERNAL
DEVICES BY SIGNALS DERIVED DIRECTLY FROM THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
A system and method control prostheses and other devices with signals received by
sensors implanted directly in the brain or other parts of the nervous system of a
subject/patient and transmitted to an external receiver. Included in the system are sensors
in the form of bundles of small, insulated, flexible Wires, configured in a parallel or
twisted array, which are used to receive multicellular signals from small clusters of
neurons. A new calibration/adaptation system is developed, in Which the neural signals
are cross correlated with the parameters of a set of standardized or model movements as
the subject/patient attempts to emulate the model movements, and on the basis of the
correlations the neural signals that are best suited for control of the corresponding
movement or movement parameter of the external device are selected. Periodic use of this
calibration system compensates for or adapts to uncontrolled changes in neural signal
parameters over time, and therefore results in re-selection of the optimal neural channels
for better device control. Artificial neural nets are used for mapping the selected neural
signals onto appropriate movements or control parameters of the external device.

4] IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

e-ISSN: 2278-2834, p- ISSN: 2278-8735. PP 36-44
www.iosrjournals.org
Mind Controlled Robotic Arm
Devashish Salvekar1, Amrita Nair2, Dany Bright3, Prof.S.A.Bhisikar4 ,1,2,3 UG Student
Department of E&TC, R.S.C.O.E, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India) 4 ( Faculty
Department of E&TC, R.S.C.O.E, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India)
Abstract: Electro Encephalo Gram based Brain-Computer Interface robotic arm can help
as a powerful support for severely disabled people in their regular activities, especially to
aid them to move their arm voluntarily. This paper proposes and implements a brain
signal (mind) controlled robotic arm to yield different movements in robotic arm. The
scheme uses a single electrode pair acquisition scheme, microcontroller based robotic arm
module. The key lies in the mapping of the EEG signal to the robotic arm to achieve the

5
objective. In this project we are developing a cost effective BCI robotic arm that will help
the physically challenged to lead an independent life with the help of their brain signals
using non-invasive techniques.
Keywords: Brain Computer Interface (BCI), Brainwaves, EEG sensor, Neurosky
Mindwave Headset, Robotic arm.

5]International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,Electronics and

Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2014 10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0308072
Copyright to IJAREEIE www.ijareeie.com 11572
Brainwave Controlled Robot Using Bluetooth
Siliveru Ramesh1, K.Harikrishna2 J.Krishna Chaitanya3
PG Student,Department of ECE, Vardhaman College of Enggineering, Hyderabad, India1
Professor, Department of ECE, Vardhaman College of Enggineering, Hyderabad, India2
Associate professor, Department of ECE, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad,
India3
ABSTRACT: This paper describes about a brain controlled robot based on Brain
computer interfaces (BCI). BCIs are systems that can bypass conventional channels of
communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to provide direct communication and control
between the human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of brain
activity into commands in real time. With these commands a mobile robot can be
controlled. Here the robot is self-controlled with the ultrasonic sensor. The intention of
the project work is to develop a robot that can assist the disabled people in their daily life
to do some work independent on others. Here, we are analysing the brain wave signals.
Human
brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons.
KEYWORDS: EEG Sensor, Relay Driver, Embedded platform, communication module,
image acquisition module, BCI-Brain computer interface.

6
 CHAPTER 2
DESIGN ANALYSIS, DESIGN METHODOLOGY
AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

2.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

2.1.1 AEIOU Canvas

2.1.2 Empathy Canvas

2.1.3 Ideation Canvas

2.1.4 Product Development Canvas

7
2.1 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
2.1.1 AEIOU Canvas

FIGURE 2.1 AEIOU CANVAS

AEIOU Canvas Description

This canvas tells about the activity (functions) of our product. It also describes about the
environment in which our product can be used and the users that can directly or indirectly
use our product. It also describes in brief about the objects used in the product.

ACTIVITY: Here we have to write down every segment of people do. For example, we
are using wireless transmission of signal via Bluetooth. User are not required to do
manual controlling via remote or all etc. It can be easily used for physically disable
people by giving some simple training for using headset.

ENVIRONMENT: Here we have to write down general impression/observations like

style, materials and atmosphere. We also include elements, features and special notes. In
our project the environment can be medical research, industries, robotics and automation
era.

8
INTERACTION: Here we have to write down observations like who is interacting with
whom and what, how the interaction is being done. In our project the interaction elements
are physically challenged people who wants to control robotic arm have to first take some
training related to the handset operation.

OBJECTS: Here we have to write down about what components are involved, how they
are involved and inventory of key objects. Our project compromises objects like
brainwave headset, brain computer interface, wireless controlling and controller chip.

USERS: we can write down distinct people we are interested to solve problems. We can
segment them into various groups based on their profession. For example, physically
challenged people, medical researchers, automation industrialist etc.

9
2.1.2 Empathy Canvas

FIGURE 2.2 EMPATHY CANVAS

Empathy Canvas Description

The objective is to adopt systematic approach based on design thinking and articulate the
insights derived from empathization process including observation, interaction etc.

USERS: Different types of users which can use this system are Handicap people and
industries like Robotic and Automation.

10
STAKEHOLDERS: In any design methodology, it is essential part to know that how
many stakeholders are interested in your system. Different types of stockholders related to
this system are Neurologist, Researchers, Industrial people and Scientists etc.

ACTIVITIES: Here we have to write down every segment of people do. For example,
we are using wireless transmission of signal via Bluetooth. User are not required to do
manual controlling via remote or all etc. It can be easily used for physically disable
people by giving some simple training for using headset.

STORY BOARDING: Here we have to write couple of examples of happy and sad
moments with respect to our system. For example, User of given system can control
device with brainwaves only with wireless transmission. EEG headset can easily wear
and use at any time any place. These are happy story for me. User have to wear the
headset all the time during the operation. Also, the current neurosky technology is
somewhat costly for normal people. These are sad story for me.

11
2.1.3 Ideation Canvas

FIGURE 2.3 IDEATION CANVAS

Ideation Canvas Description

The object of this canvas is to adopt a systematic design thinking approach to ideate and
approach towards solving the defined challenge.

PEOPLE: we can write down distinct people we are interested to solve problems. We can
segment them into various groups based on their profession. For example, physically
challenged people, medical researchers, automation industrialist etc.

ACTIVITIES: Here we have to write down every segment of each people do for. For
example, here brain computer interface is used in the system. Also, we are controlling
device with mind states like attention, meditation and eye-blinking.

SITUATION/CONTEXT/LOCATION: Every above-mentioned activity can be done in

a different situation, location or context. For example, physically challenged people can
easily get the robotic arm with help of that they can easily perform some basic tasks.
Also, this wireless technology of controlling can also be used in the industry for less man
work.

12
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS/PROPS: Here we have to write down the objects, technology
or solutions which may be possible outcomes to our idea. Some of possible solutions are
low power, user friendly, compactable, wireless communication, portable etc.

13
2.1.4 Product Development Canvas

FIGURE 2.4 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

Product Development Canvas Description

The objectives of this exercise are meant for giving strategic orientation to the project.
This exercise is more about developing strategy for the proposed product/solution design.

PEOPLE: Here we have to write down the kind of people we have in our mind while
developing the product and also the people for whom we are resolving the problem. For
example, physically challenged people, medical researchers, automation industrialist etc.

PURPOSE: In this section, we have to write down the broad purpose of our project. The
purpose of this system is to develop a system interface where we can control devices via
brainwave signals only.

PRODUCT EXPERIENCE: Here we have to mention every kind of experience we

would want to our user feel freely. They are comfort, low power, easy to use, indication,
generation, low cost etc.

14
PRODUCT FUNCTIONS: Product functions deliver the product experience. Convert
the product experience into functions for our product/service. Different product functions
are controlling device via brain signals like concentration and relaxations with Bluetooth
transmission etc.

PRODUCT FEATURES: Features power the product functions. Find product features
that will deliver the product functions we have identified. The key features in our project
are easy to wearable device, light weight, dry EEG sensor, wireless control, compact size,
low cost, low power consumption etc.

COMPONENTS: The key components used in our system are EEG headset, computer
interface, power supply, controllers like Arduino or AVR or ARM, servo motors,
Prototype of robotic arm, PCB, etc.

CUSTOMER REVALIDATION: Check to see if the functions and features we have

built solve customers problem or not. In our system, no radiation outcomes, not affect to
health, user feel safe etc.

RETAIN, REDESIGN, AND REJECT: Retain what users like, reject what they dont
want & redesign what can be improved to meet the user challenges. In our project design
user required to wear headset all the time he wants to control devices or robotic arm.
Also, headset is costly and the headset gives the limited control signals.

15
 CHAPTER 3

IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 BRIEF ABOUT PROJECT

3.2 BRAINWAVES

3.3 WHY TO ANALYSE BRAINWAVE

3.4 TYPES OF BRAINWAVES

3.5 ADVANCEMENT IN EEG TECHNOLOGY

3.6 BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE(BCI)

3.7 ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT

3.8 USEFULNESS

3.9 HEADSET SPECIFICATIONS

16
3.1 BRIEF ABOUT PROJECT:

Invention: We are trying to control the device with the help of Brainwaves.

Components: EEG Headset, Computer Interface, Controller Board, Device to be

Controlled.

Role of Components: we are using basically EEG sensor headset for detecting
Brainwaves. The computer interface is used for converting the electrical wave signals into
controlling commands. Controller board is used for sending the commands to device to be
controlled.

3.2 BRAINWAVES:

Our brain is made up of billions of brain cells called neurons, which use electricity to
communicate with each other. At the root of all our thoughts, emotions and behaviours is
the communication between neurons within our brains. Brainwaves are produced by
synchronised electrical pulses from masses of neurons communicating with each other.
Brainwaves can be detected using sensitive medical equipment (such as an EEG),
measuring electricity levels over areas of the scalp. Our brainwaves change according to
what were doing and feeling.

3.3 WHY TO ANALYSE BRAINWAVE:

Our brains ability to become flexible and/or transition through various brain wave
frequencies plays a large role in how successful we are at managing stress, focusing on
tasks, and getting a good nights sleep. If one of the five types of brain waves are either
overproduced and/or under produced in our brain, it can cause problems. For this reason,
it is important to understand that there is no single brain wave that is better or more
optimal than the others.

Each serves a purpose to help us cope with various situations whether it is to help us
process and learn new information or help us calm down after a long stressful day.

17
3.4 TYPES OF BRAINWAVES:

Each brain wave has a purpose and helps serve us in optimal mental functioning. It is
important to know that all humans display five different types of electrical patterns or
brain waves across the cortex.

FIGURE 3.1 BRAINWAVE TYPES AND THEIR FREQUENCY BANDS

18
Here is a table showing the known brainwave types and their associated mental states:

Wave Frequency Associated mental state

Gamma is associated with the formation of ideas, language

and memory processing, and various types of learning.
Gamma 27Hz and up Gamma waves have been shown to disappear during deep
sleep induced by anaesthesia, but return with the transition
back to a wakeful state.

Wide awake. This is generally the mental state most people

are in during the day and most of their waking lives.
Usually, this state in itself is uneventful, but don't
underestimate its importance. Many people lack sufficient
beta activity, which can cause mental or emotional disorders
Beta 12Hz - 27Hz
such as depression and ADD and insomnia. And low SMR
production (a sub-range of beta at 12-15Hz) may be related
to insomnia. Stimulating beta activity can improve
emotional stability, energy levels, attentiveness and
concentration.

Awake but relaxed and not processing much information.

When you get up in the morning and just before sleep, you
are naturally in this state. When you close your eyes your
brain automatically starts producing more alpha waves.

Alpha 8Hz - 12Hz Many studies monitoring the EEG activity of experienced
meditators have revealed strong increases in alpha
activity. alpha activity has also been connected to the ability
to recall memories, lessened discomfort and pain, and
reductions in stress and anxiety.

Light sleep or extreme relaxation.

Theta 3Hz - 8Hz Theta is also a very receptive mental state that has proven
useful for hypnotherapy, as well as self-hypnosis using
recorded affirmations and suggestions.

19
 Deep, dreamless sleep. Delta is the slowest band of
brainwaves. When your dominant brainwave is delta, your
Delta 0.2Hz - 3Hz
body is healing itself and "resetting" its internal clocks. you
do not dream in this state and are completely unconscious.

Table 3.1 Brainwave Types

3.5 ADVANCEMENT IN EEG TECHNOLOGY:

The brain waves can be observed with an EEG (or an electroencephalograph) a tool
that allows researchers to note brain wave patterns.

All electrical activity produces these waves (even light bulbs), thus all electrical devices
create some level of ambient noise; this noise interferes with the waves emanating
from the brain, this is why most EEG devices will pick up readings even if they are not on
a persons head. Measuring mental activity through these waves is like trying to
eavesdrop on a conversation at a loud concert. In the past, EEG devices circumvented this
problem by measuring these signals in environments where electrical activity is strictly
controlled and increasing the signal strength of the data coming from the brain through
the application of a conductive solution. However, most people dont have rooms in their
house devoid of electronic devices nor do they want to apply a conductive liquid to their
head every time they use a BCI device.

20
 FIGURE 3.2 EEG MODULE

Morden technology allows for low-cost EEG-linked research and products by using
inexpensive dry sensors whereas older EEGs require the application of a conductive gel
between the sensors and the head. The system also includes built-in electrical noise
reduction software/hardware, and utilize embedded (chip level) solution for signal
processing and output.

FIGURE 3.3 WORK FLOW OF THE SYSTEM

EEG headset uses Non-Contact EEG sensor with Dry Electrodes that can measure
brainwaves millimetres from the scalp and thus can easily be worn over hair. The
electrode collect electrical signal (not actual thoughts) to translate brain activity into
actions.

21
Scientists use Mathematical models such as Fast Fourier Transforms to Extract the band
information from the overall EEG waveform.

It delivers brain wave information as a input to the games, toys, and device running health
and wellness, educational and research applications.

3.6 BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE(BCI):

BCI often called mind machine interface(MMI). It is a direct communication pathway

between the brain and the external device. It often directed at assisting, augmenting or
repairing human cognitive or sensory motor functions.

By reading the electrical signals and brainwaves directly from the cranium, the major
drawback of expensive myoelectric prostheses can be avoided entirely. However, reading
of electrical signals directly from the brain requires multiple unwieldy electrodes to be
placed on or in the brain. Thats where BCI comes into picture. The basic idea of BCI is
to translate user produced patterns of brain activity into corresponding commands.

FIGURE 3.4 BCI CONCEPT

Specific features are extracted and associated with different states of patient brain activity,
and further with commands for developed applications. Using EEG one more drawback
can be eliminated (i.e. dangerous surgery can be avoided for invasive method where
electrodes are placed inside of brain called implants). The electrical waves will be sensed
by the brain wave sensor (EEG headset) and it will convert the data into packets and
transmit through Bluetooth medium. PC/Laptop will receive the brain wave raw data and

22
it will extract and process the signal using Matlab platform. Then the control commands
will be transmitted to the robotic arm to process and perform the actions.

3.7 ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT:

The product is supposed to be for the physically challenged people and to perform the
tasks which are not performed by human being but having the same accuracy as the
human brain has.so that this product has some specific advantages over the other
controlling system. Some of the advantages are listed below:

1. Cross-platform support: Offers operating support for the most known and
commercial operating systems.
2. Help Section: The help section provides user in order to make proper decisions
about making the right connections, proper utilization of system, etc.
3. User Privacy: The users are allowed to create their own account at front end in
order to access the system by themselves only.
4. Efficiency: The basic need about this project that it should work efficiently and
the product release will be having several versions in order to provide maximum
efficiency.
5. Dependencies: The product is highly depended upon the human brain activities
which are considered as neurons. The product is also depended on the interface
between the hardware which is the EEG headband and the computer system.

The product can help bring mobility back to people with devastating neuromuscular
disorders and thus improve their quality of life. So, this is the main advantage of the
product which gives the batter life to the physically challenged people.

3.8 USEFULNESS:

23
1. Use in Day to Day life: People who are physically challenged having various
physical illness are the main focus behind developing the project. They can make
use of the robot arm in order to take control over various actions which are
impossible for handicapped people.
2. Medical & Healthcare: This project also aims to provide a helping hand for
handling various hazardous chemicals in medical industry or to provide more
accuracy for performing any healthcare based actions.
3. Military use: The robot arms are very useful in military bases in order to handle
heavy loads and to handle dangerous weapons and to perform transportation from
one place to another.
4. Industrial use: This project includes the industrial use in order to perform
accurate tasks which human beings lacks in some tasks but by using their brains as
the brain activities have the accuracy which will provided to robots.

24
3.9 HEADSET SPECIFICATIONS:

FIGURE 3.5 HEADSET FEATURES

The device consists of a headset, an ear-clip and a sensor arm. The headsets reference
and ground electrodes are on the ear clip and EEG electrode is on sensor arm resting on
forehead above the eye (FP1 Position).

Head set is inexpensive, simple to operate, and unobtrusive.

FIGURE 3.6 HOW HEADSET WORKS

25
Technical Specifications:

Uses the TGMA Module

Bluetooth V2.1 Class 2 (10-meter range)
Automatic wireless paring for Bluetooth transmission
Unique static headset id (for pairing purpose)
Direct connect to dry electrode
One EEG channel + Reference + Ground
Extremely low-level signal detection
Advanced filter with high noise immunity
RAW EEG at 512Hz
UART baud rate: 57,600 baud
Single AAA battery with 8-hour runtime
Supports all 4 platforms (Windows, Mac OS, IOS and Android)
Easy Interfacing possible with Arduino, Rasberry Pi

Software support:

Brainwave visualizer
Neurosky lab

Development Tools:

MATLAB
Arduino IDE

26
 CHAPTER 4

TEST SETUP & RESULTS

4.1 PROCEDURE OF CONTROLLING
4.2 MEASUREMENT OUTLINES
4.3 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
4.4 TEST SETUP

27
4.1 PROCEDURE OF CONTROLLING:

For controlling the device user have to wear the EEG brainwave headset. This headset
detects the mind wave which are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Theta. Depending on
this waves commands are given to the controlling device through the Brain Computer
Interfacing(BCI) system. which include the interfacing of controller board like
Arduino, Arm, AVR, etc. and the computer. The main task of BCI system is to convert
the mind wave into electrical signals. BCI translate the EEG signals into motion
commands for device to be controlled. This conversion is done based on the
equipotential of brain waves. The difference between the equipotential value generate
the electrical signal. This signals are used for interfacing of computer and device to be
controlled.

Flowchart:

28
4.2 MEASUREMENT OUTLINES:

1) Capturing Raw Data:

Brain sense uses Non-Contact EEG sensor with Dry Electrodes that can measure
brainwaves millimetres from the scalp and thus can easily be worn over hair.
When an electrode capture neuron activity, it also captures activity taking place in
its proximity. This is known as Raw EEG data.
2) Filtered EEG:
An EEG with all artefacts and extraneous information removed is called filtered
EEG.
3) EEG band Frequencies:
EEG frequency bands, which can basically be described as a fixed range of wave
frequencies and amplitudes over a time scale. These bands are components of the
overall EEG waveform captured at an electrode. Different brain states are the
result of different patterns of neural interaction. This pattern leads to wave

29
 characterized by different amplitudes and frequencies. Your job as a wave
collector is to separate out and classify these individual waves.
4) Esesnse meter for attention and mediation:
determine how effectively the user is engaged in attention(Concentration) or
mediation(relaxation) by decoding the electrical signal and applying algorithm to
provide readings on a scale of 0-100.
VALUE DESCRIPTION
1-20 strongly lowered levels
20-40 reduced levels
40-60 neutral / baseline levels
60-80 slightly elevated/ higher than normal levels
80-100 elevated / heightened levels
Table 4.1 Esense Values Scale
Attention:
It is a measure of how single minded you are in the moment.
Meditation:
It is a measure of how calm and clear minded you are in the moment.
Blink:
It measures When you blink intentionally.

4.3 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM:

FIGURE 4.1 TRANSMITTING SIDE

30
FIGURE 4.2 RECEIVING SIDE

31
4.4 TEST SETUP:

The device is worn on the head and consist of a headband, an ear clip, and a sensor arm
containing the EEG electrode which rest on a forehead above the eye(FP1) position.

sensor detects faint brain wave signal safely and passively.

Neurosky technology interprets meaning of brain signals.
brain wave signal cause various effect in application.

32
33
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK

34
5.1 CONSLUSION:

Till now many systems available which control the device based on some human bodys
parameters. This parameter are gestures, postures of human body, motion of body, weight
of body, voice etc. But in our project, we are trying to develop a system in which robotic
device is controlled by human brain wave. This is the unique feature of our project. For
this we are using the BCI system.

5.2 SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK:

Brain computer interface is a direct connection between computer and human

body. It is ultimate in development of human computer interface or (HCI).
Recently advanced have been made with brain machine interfaces(BMI).
The cost of EEG headset is high so that Currently research is being conducted the
fields of neuroscience and neuro engineering regarding BCI and BMI to reduce
the cost of sensor.
If we consider peoples daily life, the future task oriented BCI based on advances
in sensor technologies, analysis algorithms, artificial intelligence, multiaspect
sensing of brain, and computing algorithms will be capable of collecting and
analysing brain data for extended time period and are expected to become
prevalent and more accurate.

35
REFERENCES

36
 APPENDIX
Periodic Progress Reports (PPR)
PPR 1
PPR 2
PPR 3
PPR 4
Patent Search & Analysis Report (PSAR)
PSAR 1
PSAR 2
PSAR 3
PSAR 4
PSAR 5

37