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6. LAKE SUPERIOR

6.1 DEER LAKE AOC, MARQUETTE COUNTY, MI

The Deer Lake AOC includes the Carp River watershed, which is composed of Deer Lake, Carp
Creek, and the Carp River downstream about 20 miles to Lake Superior in Marquette (see AOC
map in the appendix). Deer Lake was polluted with mercury from industrial activities
(processing of gold ore in the 1880s and assaying test conducted on ore samples from another
facility), leading to very high levels of mercury in the fish.

6.1.1 Hazardous Waste Sites Relevant to the Deer Lake AOC

ATSDR has evaluated the data for hazardous waste sites in Marquette County, MI, and reached
conclusions regarding the public health threat posed by these sites. These conclusions, along
with information regarding the type and location of the site, and the date and type of assessment
document, are summarized in Table 6.1-A, for the site that had a public health hazard category of
1-3 at some time during its assessment history.

Table 6.1-A Hazardous Waste Sites in Marquette County, MI

Public Health
Site Name Hazard Category EPA NPL Status Site ID City
Cliff/Dow Dump 3 (1988 HA) Deleted Post SARA MID980608970 Marquette
3 = Indeterminate Public Health Hazard
HA = Public Health Assessment

For this hazardous waste sites the number of contaminant records in HazDat that exceeded health
based-screening values was 30, as shown in Table 6.1-B. Most of the records were for the soil
and water media groups. None of the contaminants were IJC Great Lakes critical pollutants.

Further evaluation of the data for this site was conducted by ATSDR in the public health
assessment document listed in the table. This evaluation is discussed in the following
subsection.

6.1.1.1 Cliff/Dow Dump

The 2-acre Cliff/Dow Dump, located in the city of Marquette, Marquette County MI, received
wastes from the Cliffs-Dow Chemical Company, which manufactured charcoal at a facility 2
miles from the site. Information regarding this site is taken from the 1988 ATSDR public health
assessment and the 2003 EPA NPL fact sheet for the site.

Category of Public Health Hazard: This site was categorized as an Indeterminate Public
Health Hazard (Category 3) by ATSDR because the site had not been characterized adequately
to determine if offsite exposure to contaminants had occurred, particularly to contaminants in
groundwater, and because contaminants were present at levels of health concern.

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Contaminants of Concern in Completed Exposure Pathways: None. Contaminants of

concern in groundwater were VOCs, and naphthalenes and phenanthrene. No IJC critical
pollutants were discussed. Since the time of ATSDR’s assessment, the site has been remediated
by removal of waste and fill, replacement with clean fill, and vegetating the fill. Natural
attenuation of the groundwater contamination resulted in acceptable levels by 1997. The site
was deleted from the NPL in 2000 and deed restrictions on the use of the site and groundwater
have been removed.

Demographics: Demographic profile, from the 2000 U.S. Census, for vulnerable populations
living within one mile of this site:

Children 6 years and younger 137

Females aged 15-44 808
Adults 65 and older 157

Public Health Outcome Data: Not reported.

Conclusions: ATSDR’s assessment of this site occurred in 1988; site data were not complete,
but did not identify IJC critical pollutants as contaminants of concern. The site has been
completely remediated since that time.

6.1.2 TRI Data for the Deer Lake AOC

The TRI onsite chemical releases for Marquette County, MI, are summarized in Table 6.1-C.
Total onsite releases in 2001 were 1,000,114 pounds, the majority of which were released to air,
followed by releases to land.

IJC critical pollutants accounted for 3,214 pounds (0.3 %) of the total onsite releases. The IJC
critical pollutants released were PCDDs and PCDFs (to air), lead and lead compounds (primarily
to land) and mercury compounds (primarily to air and land). The facilities that released these
pollutants are listed in Table 6.1-D.

The largest release (400,000 pounds) of non-IJC chemicals was of hydrochloric acid aerosols to
air. The next largest releases (150,000-299,999 pounds) were of barium compounds (primarily
to land) and hydrogen fluoride (to air).

6.1.3 NPDES Data for the Deer Lake AOC

The NPDES permitted discharges for Marquette County, MI are summarized in Table 6.1-E.
The total average annual permitted discharges in 2004 were 360,104 pounds, the majority of
which was ammonia nitrogen.

The IJC critical pollutant mercury (0.66 pounds) was permitted to be discharged. The facilities
permitted to release this pollutant are listed in Table 6.1-F.

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6.1.4 County Demographics and Health Status Data for the Deer Lake AOC

The demographic profiles, from the 2000 U.S. Census, for vulnerable populations living in
Marquette County, MI, are as follows:

Children 6 years and younger 4,705

Females aged 15-44 14,166
Adults 65 years and older 8,739

According to the 2000 HRSA community health status reports, Marquette County health status
indicators that compared unfavorably with those of the U.S. and also with the median of the peer
counties were as follows (indicators that were above the upper limit of the peer county range are
bolded):

Infant mortality (per 1000 births)

• neonatal infant mortality
Birth measures (as percent)
• none
Death measures (per 100,000 population)
• breast cancer (female)
• coronary heart disease
• stroke

6.1.5 Summary and Conclusions for the Deer Lake AOC

6.1.5.1 Hazardous Waste Sites

The only hazardous waste site categorized by ATSDR in public health hazard categories 1-3 did
not appear to be associated with IJC critical pollutants and has been completely remediated.

At present, contamination of fish with mercury and problems with sewage are of concern at this
site as reported by EPA (June 2004).

6.1.5.2 TRI Data

The TRI onsite chemical releases for Marquette County, MI, in 2001 were 1,000,114 pounds, the
majority of which were released to air, followed by releases to land.

IJC critical pollutants accounted for 3,214 pounds (0.3 %) of the total onsite releases. The IJC
critical pollutants released were PCDDs and PCDFs (to air), lead and lead compounds (primarily
to land) and mercury compounds (primarily to air and land).

The largest release (400,000 pounds) of non-IJC chemicals was of hydrochloric acid aerosols to
air. The next largest releases (150,000-299,999 pounds) were of barium compounds (primarily
to land) and hydrogen fluoride (to air).

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6.1.5.3 NPDES Data

The NPDES permitted discharges for Marquette County, MI are summarized in Table 6.1-E.
The total average annual permitted discharges in 2004 were 360,104 pounds, the majority of
which was ammonia nitrogen.

The IJC critical pollutant mercury (0.66 pounds) was permitted to be discharged. The facilities
permitted to release this pollutant are listed in Table 6.1-F.

6.1.5.4 County Demographics and Health Status Indicators

Vulnerable populations in Marquette County, MI, totaled 27,610. A few Marquette County
health status indicators compared unfavorably with both U.S. indicators and with the median of
peer county indicators. These health status indicators were neonatal infant mortality, and deaths
from breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Indicators that exceeded the peer county
range are bolded.

6.1.5.5 Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs)

Of the three health-related BUIs, restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption was the only BUI
listed as impaired at this AOC site. Further information is available at the EPA web site
(http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/).

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Table 6.1-B Waste Site Contaminants that Exceeded Health-Based Screening Values
Deer Lake AOC

Number of Records
IJC
Tracking Human Other
CAS No. Chemical Name Number Air Biota Material Media Soil Water Total
Total IJC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000105-67-9 2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL 1 1 2
000091-57-6 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE 1 1 2
000208-96-8 ACENAPHTHYLENE 1 1
000071-43-2 BENZENE 1 1 2
000095-48-7 CRESOL, ORTHO- 1 1 2
000106-44-5 CRESOL, PARA- 1 1 2
000100-41-4 ETHYLBENZENE 1 1 2
000086-73-7 FLUORENE 1 1
000091-20-3 NAPHTHALENE 1 1 2
000085-01-8 PHENANTHRENE 1 1
000108-95-2 PHENOL 1 1
000127-18-4 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE 1 1
000108-88-3 TOLUENE 1 1 2
001330-20-7 XYLENES, TOTAL 1 1 2
000132-64-9 DIBENZOFURAN 1 1 2
MEDEXP-00-0 1 1 1 2 5
Total Non-
IJC 1 0 0 1 14 14 30
Total 1 0 0 1 14 14 30

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Table 6.1-C TRI Releases (in pounds, 2001) for the Deer Lake AOC

IJC Surface Under- Total On-

Tracking Total Air Water ground Releases to Total Onsite Total Offsite and Offsite
Chemical Number Emissions Discharges Injection Land Releases Releases Releases
DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-
LIKE COMPOUNDS 2 0.00200214 No data 0 0 0.00200214 0 0.00200214
(PCDDs and PCDFs) 3
LEAD 8 5.6 No data 0 0 5.6 0 5.6
LEAD COMPOUNDS 8 36.6 0 0 3012 3048.6 1084.3 4132.9
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 9 115.98 0.006 0 44.1 160.086 16.8 176.886
Total IJC 158.1820021 0.006 0 3056.1 3214.288002 1101.1 4315.388002
BARIUM 0 No data 0 0 0 117000 117000
BARIUM COMPOUNDS 3000 30 0 260000 263030 0 263030
BENZO(G,H,I)PERYLENE 0 11 0 1.3 12.3 0 12.3
HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND
AFTER 'ACID AEROSOLS' ONLY) 400000 No data 0 0 400000 0 400000
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 190000 No data 0 0 190000 0 190000
MANGANESE
COMPOUNDS 223 720 0 19000 19943 0 19943
NICKEL COMPOUNDS 130 0 0 8500 8630 0 8630
NITRATE COMPOUNDS 1000 No data 0 0 1000 0 1000
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
COMPOUNDS 1.48 No data 0 7.546 9.026 0 9.026
SULFURIC ACID (1994 AND AFTER
'ACID AEROSOLS' ONLY) 62000 No data 0 0 62000 0 62000
VANADIUM
COMPOUNDS 460 No data 0 44000 44460 0 44460
ZINC COMPOUNDS 86 230 0 7500 7816 118 7934
Total
Non-IJC 656900.48 991 0 339008.846 996900.326 117118 1114018.326
Total 657058.662 991.006 0 342064.946 1000114.614 118219.1 1118333.714

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Table 6.1-D TRI Facilities Releasing IJC Critical Pollutants Onsite for the Deer Lake AOC

Number of
IJC Critical Pollutant Facilities Facility Name TRIF ID City
Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds
(PCDDs and PCDFs) 1
Marquette County, MI 1 PRESQUE ISLE POWER PLANT 49855PRSQS2701L MARQUETTE
Lead and lead compounds 2
Marquette County, MI 2 L-P GWINN STUDMILL 49841LPGWN650AA GWINN
PRESQUE ISLE POWER PLANT 49855PRSQS2701L MARQUETTE
Mercury and mercury compounds 2
Marquette County, MI 2 MARQUETTE BD OF LIGHT & POWER 49855MRQTTEHAMP MARQUETTE
PRESQUE ISLE POWER PLANT 49855PRSQS2701L MARQUETTE

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Table 6.1-E NPDES Permitted Average Annual Discharges (in pounds, 2004) to Surface Water,
Deer Lake AOC

Chemical IJC Tracking Number Discharge

MERCURY, TOTAL (AS HG) 9 0.66
Total IJC 0.66
BERYLLIUM, TOTAL (AS BE) 12.78
NITROGEN, AMMONIA TOTAL (AS N) 332971.25
PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL (AS P) 26937
SELENIUM, TOTAL (AS SE) 73
VANADIUM, TOTAL (AS V) 109.50
Total Non-IJC 360103.53
Total 360104.19

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Table 6.1-F NPDES Facilities Permitted to Discharge IJC Critical Pollutants, Deer Lake AOC

Number of
IJC Critical Pollutant Facilities Facility Name NPDES City
Mercury 2
Marquette County, MI 2 MARQUETTE WWTP MI0023531 MARQUETTE
NEGAUNEE WWTP MI0021296 NEGAUNEE

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6.2 TORCH LAKE AOC, HOUGHTON COUNTY, MI

The Torch Lake AOC and its immediate environs, located on the Keweenaw Peninsula
(Michigan’s upper peninsula), includes the Keweenaw Waterway (North Entry Harbor of
Refuge, Portage Lake, and Torch Lake), its watershed, portions of two other watersheds (Trout
River and the Eagle River Complex), and several miles of western Lake Superior shoreline. The
contaminant problem shared by these areas is copper mining waste materials. The largest and
only waste site within the AOC is the western shore of Torch Lake. Information regarding this
site is taken from the 1989 ATSDR public health assessment, the 1998 ATSDR health
consultation, and the 2003 EPA NPL fact sheet for the site.

6.2.1 Hazardous Waste Sites Relevant to the Torch Lake AOC

ATSDR has evaluated the data for hazardous waste sites in Houghton County, MI, and reached
conclusions regarding the public health threat posed by these sites. These conclusions, along
with information regarding the type and location of the site, and the date and type of assessment
document, are summarized in Table 6.2-A, for the site that had a public health hazard category of
1-3 at some time during its assessment history.

Table 6.2-A Hazardous Waste Sites in Houghton County, MI

Public Health
Site Name Hazard Category EPA NPL Status Site ID City
3 (1989 HA)
Torch Lake 2 (1998 HC) Final MID980901946 Houghton County
3 = Indeterminate Public Health Hazard
2= Public Health Hazard
HA = Public Health Assessment
HC= Health Consultation

For this hazardous waste site, the number of contaminant records in HazDat that exceeded health
based-screening values was 124, as shown in Table 6.2-B. Most of the records were for the soil
media group.

The IJC Great Lakes critical pollutants accounted for 6 (5 %) of these records, all for the soil
media group. The IJC critical pollutants that have been found at Houghton County hazardous
waste sites at concentrations exceeding health-based screening values are: B(a)P, lead, and
mercury. Details are provided in Table 6.2-C.

Further evaluation of the data for this site was conducted by ATSDR in the documents listed in
the table. These evaluations are discussed in the following subsection.

6.2.1.1 Torch Lake

Torch Lake, a 2,700 acre lake located in the Keweenaw Waterway, was heavily polluted by
copper mining activities from the 1890s until 1969. These activities resulted in mill tailings
(stamp sands) being dumped into the lake and on the shoreline. The tailings were then dredged
up and processed with flotation chemicals (creosotes and xanthates) to reclaim the copper, after

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which the wastes were returned to the lake and the shoreline. Fish in the lake had a high
incidence of tumors. The causative agent has not been identified. Information regarding this site
is taken from the 1989 ATSDR public health assessment, the 1998 ATSDR health consultation,
and the 2003 EPA NPL fact sheet for the site.

Category of Public Health Hazard: This site was categorized as an Indeterminate Public
Health Hazard (Category 3) in 1989 by ATSDR because the site was of potential public health
concern because of the risk that could result from the possible exposure to unknown etiologic
agents (for cancer) at levels that may result in adverse health effects over time. In 1998, ATSDR
concluded that some of the Torch Lake Area Brownfield properties posed a Public Health
Hazard (Category 2) under long-term exposure from the metals in the soil. By this time, the
incidence of tumors in Torch Lake fish had declined to normal. EPA reported (2006) that the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources has not received any reports of fish tumors since
1993. In addition, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality is currently in the process
of removing the fish tumor BUI from their current list of BUIs.

Contaminants of Concern in Completed Exposure Pathways: None in 1989. In 1998,

ATSDR concluded that levels of arsenic and the IJC critical pollutant lead in soil of some of the
Brownfield properties were of health concern for long-term exposure from incidental ingestion
(arsenic), or pica behavior (lead) on the properties being considered for residential development.
Remediation of the area has included removal of drums buried in piles of tailings on the shore
and in the lake, as well as contaminated soil beneath the drums. About 800 acres of tailings and
slag piles are being covered with soil and vegetation. This process was to be completed in 2004.
Long-term monitoring of Torch Lake is in place, and indicates that contamination levels are
within safety standards.

EPA reported (2006) that the Superfund program remedy consisted of covering almost 800 acres
of tailings and slag piles with clean soil and vegetation to stabilize the soil. In September 2005,
the Superfund program declared the site construction complete. Remediation of the
approximately 480 acres of the Superfund site that were within the AOC was completed in 2002.
This means that all planned remedial activities under the Superfund program have been
completed.

Demographics: Demographic profile, from the 2000 U.S. Census, for vulnerable populations
living within one mile of this site:

Children 6 years and younger 259

Females aged 15-44 516
Adults 65 and older 559

Public Health Outcome Data: The 1989 health assessment mentioned that the incidence of
cancer deaths from 1970 to 1981 indicated that all but stomach cancer were at or below the state
average for age-adjusted cancer mortality. ATSDR suggested that stomach cancer in this locale
may be higher because of the predominantly Scandinavian descent of the population.
Scandinavians have a high intake of salt and salted foods. Consumption of high levels of salt
and salted foods is a risk factor for stomach cancer. Further details were not provided.

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Conclusions: The more recent assessment by ATSDR was focused on Brownfield properties near the
lake, and concluded that arsenic and possibly lead would be present in completed exposure pathways at
levels of concern if some of the properties were to be developed residentially. Torch Lake, in the past,
was directly impacted by the dumping of tailings into the lake and around the shoreline. EPA reported
(2006) that all remedial activities under the Superfund program have been completed and that monitoring
has indicated that contamination levels were within safe standards.

6.2.2 TRI Data for the Torch Lake AOC

The TRI onsite chemical releases for Houghton County, MI, are summarized in Table 6.2-C.
Total onsite releases in 2001 were 487,148 pounds, all of which were released to air.

IJC critical pollutants accounted for only 0.332 pounds of the total onsite releases. The IJC
critical pollutants released were lead and lead compounds (to air). The facilities that released
these pollutants are listed in Table 6.2-D.

The largest release (408,000 pounds) of non-IJC chemicals was of ammonia (to air). No other
chemicals release in quantities at least as large as 150,000.

6.2.3 NPDES Data for the Torch Lake AOC

The NPDES permitted discharges for Houghton County, MI are summarized in Table 6.2-E.
The total average annual permitted discharges in 2004 were 9,490 pounds, all of which was
phosphorus. No IJC critical pollutants were the subject of permitted (quantity average limit)
discharge amounts.

6.2.4 County Demographics and Health Status Data for the Torch Lake AOC

The demographic profiles, from the 2000 U.S. Census, for vulnerable populations living in
Houghton County, MI, are as follows:

Children 6 years and younger 2,719

Females aged 15-44 6,865
Adults 65 years and older 5,579

According to the 2000 HRSA community health status reports, Houghton County health status
indicators that compared unfavorably with those of the U.S. and also with the median of the peer
counties were as follows (indicators that were above the upper limit of the peer county range are
bolded):

Infant mortality (per 1,000 births)

• none
Birth measures (as percent)
• older mothers (40+)
Death measures (per 100,000 population)
• coronary heart disease
• stroke

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6.2.5 Summary and Conclusions for the Torch Lake AOC

6.2.5.1 Hazardous Waste Sites

The only hazardous waste site assessed in the public health hazard categories 1-3 by ATSDR
was Torch Lake. The more recent assessment by ATSDR was focused on Brownfields
properties near the lake, and concluded that arsenic and possibly the IJC critical pollutant lead
would be present in completed exposure pathways at levels of concern if some of the properties
were to be developed residentially. Many of the Brownfield sites have been remediated and no
longer pose a threat as reported by EPA (June 2004).

Torch Lake, in the past, was directly impacted by the dumping of tailings into the lake and
around the shoreline. The older ATSDR assessment noted that fish had high incidences of
tumors in the past, and the etiologic agent was not known. Tumor incidences in fish have
returned to normal.

Remediation has been conducted, and monitoring indicates that contamination levels are within
safety standards. EPA reported (2004) that exposure of residents to contaminants at this site
(e.g., pica ingestion by children) no longer existed. EPA reported (2006) that, since 1999 when
Superfund remediation began, almost 800 acres of the Torch Lake Superfund site have been
remediated. However, only a small portion of the 800 acres (approximately 480 acres) is located
within the boundaries of the Torch Lake AOC.

6.2.5.2 TRI Data

The TRI onsite chemical releases for Houghton County, MI in 2001 were 487,148 pounds, all of
which were released to air.

IJC critical pollutants accounted for only 0.332 pounds of the total onsite releases. The IJC
critical pollutants released were lead and lead compounds (to air).

The largest release (408,000 pounds) of non-IJC chemicals was of ammonia (to air). No other
chemicals were released in quantities as large as 150,000.

6.2.5.3 NPDES Data

The NPDES permitted discharges for Houghton County, MI are summarized in Table 6.2-E.
The total average annual permitted discharges in 2004 were 9,490 pounds, all of which was
phosphorus. No IJC critical pollutants were the subject of permitted (quantity average limit)
discharge amounts.

6.2.5.4 County Demographics and Health Status Indicators

Vulnerable populations in Houghton County, MI, totaled 15,163. A few Houghton County
health status indicators compared unfavorably with both U.S. indicators and with the median of

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peer county indicators. These health status indicators were older mothers, and deaths from
coronary heart disease and stroke. Indicators that exceeded the peer county range are bolded.

6.2.5.5 Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs)

Of the three health-related BUIs, restriction on fish and wildlife consumption is the only
beneficial use impaired at this AOC site. Further information is available at the EPA web site
(http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/)

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Table 6.2-B Waste Site Contaminants that Exceeded Health-Based Screening Values
Torch Lake AOC

Number of Records
IJC
Tracking Human Other
CAS No. Chemical Name Number Air Biota Material Media Soil Water Total
000050-32-8 BENZO(A)PYRENE 4 2 2
007439-92-1 LEAD 8 2 2
007439-97-6 MERCURY 9 2 2
Total IJC 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
000106-46-7 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE 2 2
000083-32-9 ACENAPHTHENE 2 2
000067-64-1 ACETONE 2 2
007429-90-5 ALUMINUM 2 2
000120-12-7 ANTHRACENE 4 4
007440-38-2 ARSENIC 2 2
007440-39-3 BARIUM 2 2
000056-55-3 BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE 2 2
000205-99-2 BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE 2 2
000191-24-2 BENZO(GHI)PERYLENE 2 2
000207-08-9 BENZO(K)FLUORANTHENE 2 2
007440-41-7 BERYLLIUM 2 2
007440-43-9 CADMIUM 2 2
007440-70-2 CALCIUM 2 2
000074-87-3 CHLOROMETHANE 2 2
007440-47-3 CHROMIUM 2 2
000218-01-9 CHRYSENE 2 2
007440-48-4 COBALT 2 2
007440-50-8 COPPER 6 6
000117-81-7 DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE 2 2
000053-70-3 DIBENZO(A,H)ANTHRACENE 2 2
000084-66-2 DIETHYL PHTHALATE 2 2
000084-74-2 DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE 2 2
000206-44-0 FLUORANTHENE 4 4
000193-39-5 INDENO(1,2,3-CD)PYRENE 2 2
007439-89-6 IRON 2 2 4
007439-93-2 LITHIUM 2 2
007439-95-4 MAGNESIUM 2 2
007439-96-5 MANGANESE 2 2 4
HZ0900-01-T METALS N.O.S. 2 2
000075-09-2 METHYLENE CHLORIDE 2 2
007439-98-7 MOLYBDENUM 2 2
000091-20-3 NAPHTHALENE 2 2
007440-02-0 NICKEL 2 2
000085-01-8 PHENANTHRENE 4 4
130498-29-2 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 4 2 6
000129-00-0 PYRENE 4 4
007782-49-2 SELENIUM 2 2
007440-22-4 SILVER 2 2
007440-24-6 STRONTIUM 2 2
007440-32-6 TITANIUM 2 2 4
007440-62-2 VANADIUM 2 2
007440-66-6 ZINC 2 2
MEDEXP-00-0 2 4 4 10
Total
Non-IJC 10 2 0 6 84 16 118

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Number of Records
IJC
Tracking Human Other
CAS No. Chemical Name Number Air Biota Material Media Soil Water Total
Total 10 2 0 6 90 16 124

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Table 6.2-C TRI Releases (in pounds, 2001) for the Torch Lake AOC

IJC Surface Under- Total On- and

Tracking Total Air Water ground Releases to Total Onsite Total Offsite Offsite
Chemical Number Emissions Discharges Injection Land Releases Releases Releases
LEAD 8 0.3 No data 0 0 0.3 0 0.3
LEAD COMPOUNDS 8 0.032 No data 0 0 0.032 5.52 5.552
Total IJC 0.332 No data 0 0 0.332 5.52 5.852
AMMONIA 408109 No data 0 0 408109 0 408109
COPPER COMPOUNDS 500 No data 0 0 500 59011 59511
METHYL METHACRYLATE 1398 No data 0 0 1398 0 1398
STYRENE 77141 No data 0 0 77141 0 77141
Total Non-
IJC 487148 No data 0 0 487148 59011 546159
Total 487148.332 No data 0 0 487148.332 59016.52 546164.852

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Table 6.2-D TRI Facilities Releasing IJC Critical Pollutants Onsite for the Torch Lake AOC

Number of
IJC Critical Pollutant Facilities Facility Name TRIF ID City
Lead and lead compounds 2
Houghton County, MI 2 CALUMET ELECTRONICS CORP. 49913CLMTL25830 CALUMET
PENINSULA COPPER INDS. INC. 49934PNNSL1700D HUBBELL

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Table 6.2-E NPDES Permitted Average Annual Discharges (in pounds, 2004) to Surface Water,
Torch Lake AOC

Chemical IJC Tracking Number Discharge

Total IJC 0
PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL (AS P) 9490
Total Non-IJC 9490
Total 9490

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6.3 ST. LOUIS RIVER AND BAY AOC, ST. LOUIS AND CARLTON COUNTIES,
MN AND DOUGLAS COUNTY, WI

The St. Louis River and Bay AOC is the 39 miles of the St. Louis River below Cloquet, MN.

6.3.1 Hazardous Waste Sites Relevant to the St. Louis River and Bay AOC

ATSDR has evaluated the data for hazardous waste sites in the counties relevant to this AOC,
and reached conclusions regarding the public health threat posed by these sites. These
conclusions, along with information regarding the type and location of the site, and the date and
type of assessment document, are summarized in Table 6.3-A, for sites that had public health
hazard categories of 1-3 at some point during their assessment history. (No waste sites in
Carlton County, MN, were assessed by ATSDR.)

Table 6.3-A Hazardous Waste Sites in St. Louis and Carlton Counties, MN, and Douglas County,
WI

Public Health
Site Name, County Hazard Category EPA NPL Status Site ID City
3 (1986 HA)
Arrowhead Refinery Co., St Louis 2 (1993 HA) Final MND980823975 Hermantown
3 (1989 HA)
St. Louis River site, St. Louis 2 (2001 HC) Final MND039045430 St. Louis County
Koppers Co. Superior Plant, 2 (2001 HC)
Douglas 3 (2003 HC) Non NPL WID006179493 Superior
2 = Public Health Hazard, 3 = Indeterminate Public Health Hazard
HA = Public Health Assessment, HC = Health Consultation

For hazardous waste sites relevant to this AOC that at any time had Public Health Hazard
Categories of 1-3, the number of contaminant records in HazDat that exceeded health based-
screening values was 737, as shown in Table 6.3-B. Most of the records were for the soil and
water media groups.

The IJC Great Lakes critical pollutants accounted for 80 (11%) of these records, with the
majority for the soil media group. The IJC critical pollutants that have been found at these
hazardous waste sites at concentrations exceeding health-based screening values are: PCBs,
PCDDs, PCDFs, B(a)P, DDT and metabolites, lead, mercury, methyl mercury, and
hexachlorobenzene. Details are provided in Table 6.3-C.

Further evaluation of the data for the sites with Public Health Hazard Categories of 1-3 was
conducted by ATSDR in the public health assessments and other health-related documents listed
in the table. These evaluations are discussed in the following subsections.

6.3.1.1 Arrowhead Refinery Company

The 10-acre Arrowhead Refinery site is located about 8 miles northwest of Duluth in
Hermantown, St. Louis County, MN. Prior to 1945, the facility re-tinned milk cans. From 1945
to 1977, Arrowhead Refinery recycled waste oil. In 1977, it was ordered to stop onsite dumping

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of a waste sludge from the oil refining process. Information regarding this site was taken from
the 1993 ATSDR public health assessment, HazDat, and the 2003 EPA NPL fact sheet for the
site.

Category of Public Health Hazard: This site was categorized as an Indeterminate Public
Health Hazard (Category 3) by ATSDR in a 1986 health assessment. In 1993, ATSDR
concluded that the site is a Public Health Hazard (Category 2) because of the potential for health
effects from future exposures if the site is not cleaned up.

Contaminants of Concern in Completed Exposure Pathways: None at the time of the 1993
assessment. The site is securely fenced. Contaminants of concern onsite included groundwater
plumes of chlorinated and aromatic organic compounds. Sludge onsite was very corrosive and
acidic, with high concentrations of metals as well as toxic and carcinogenic organic compounds.
Odor from the sludge is noticeable onsite and offsite, and described as heavy and acidic. Onsite
investigators have attributed headaches and nausea to the site’s air quality. No air monitoring
has been performed. Groundwater onsite and downgradient of the site contains manganese at
levels above health-based screening values. ATSDR concluded that processes resulting from the
onsite contamination have provided a mechanism for the mobilization and transport of
manganese by groundwater at the site. In the past, residents with down-gradient private wells
may have been exposed to manganese at levels of health concern, but municipal water has been
extended to downgradient residents near the site. The IJC critical pollutant B(a)P has been found
in subsurface soil at very high concentration, but not in a completed exposure pathway. Since
the 1993 health assessment, the site has been fully remediated, including the excavation and
treatment of sludge, excavation and offsite disposal of soils and sediments, and installation of
groundwater extraction and treatment.

Demographics: Demographic profile, from the 2000 U.S. Census, for vulnerable populations
living within one mile of this site:

Children 6 years and younger 33

Females aged 15-44 82
Adults 65 and older 56

Public Health Outcome Data: Not reported.

Conclusions: This heavily contaminated site has been remediated. No contaminants were found
in completed exposure pathways at levels of health concern at the time of ATSDR’s 1993 health
assessment. Migration of contaminants offsite did not seem to have occurred.

6.3.1.2 St. Louis River Site

This site actually comprises two sites: the 255-acre St. Louis River/Interlake/Duluth Tar site and
the 640-acre U.S. Steel site, located in western Duluth on the St. Louis River. The U.S. Steel site
operated an integrated steel mill from about 1915 to 1979. There is extensive contamination of
soil, surface water, and groundwater with coke and tar products, which contain high
concentrations of PAHs. The Interlake Duluth Tar site was used by several companies for iron,

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steel, and tar manufacturing from the late 1800s until about 1960. This site also is extensively
contaminated with PAHs. Information regarding this site is taken from the 1989 ATSDR public
health assessment, HazDat, and the 2003 EPA NPL fact sheet for this site.

Category of Public Health Hazard: This site was categorized as an Indeterminate Public
Health Hazard (Category 3) in the 1989 ATSDR public health assessment because of the risk to
human health from possible exposure to hazardous substances through dermal contact, ingestion,
or inhalation of contaminated soil or sediments. In the 2001 health consultation, ATSDR
concluded that the site is a Public Health Hazard because of the possibility of exposure.

Contaminants of Concern in Completed Exposure Pathways: None identified by the 1989

ATSDR health assessment. For both sites, PAHs are the primary contaminants of concern. Data
for individual PAHs were not reported, but it is likely that the IJC critical pollutant B(a)P was
present at levels of concern. Soil, surface water, groundwater, and sediments are contaminated
with a variety of hazardous substances including PAHs, SVOCs, heavy metals, and VOCs.
According to the NPL fact sheet for this site, remediation activities have included removal of tar
seeps, contaminated soil, and sediments; and solidification of some wastes in-place, with
capping. Additional sediment requires remediation, and groundwater, which discharges into the
river, is being evaluated.

Demographics: Demographic profile, from the 2000 U.S. Census, for vulnerable populations
living within one mile of this site:

Children 6 years and younger 417

Females aged 15-44 934
Adults 65 and older 756

Public Health Outcome Data: Not reported.

Conclusions: This site appears to have contributed to the contaminant burden of the St. Louis
River, particularly with regard to PAHs, and probably including IJC critical pollutant B(a)P.
HazDat documentation for 2001 shows dioxin, furans, mercury, PCB, and PAHs contaminating
sediment onsite. Offsite, methylmercury has contaminated fish. ATSDR recommended the
cleanup of sediments and other remedial actions (e.g., dredging contaminated sediments) and
evaluating human health risks for these remedial actions. Remedial actions have included the
removal of sediments at this site.

6.3.1.3 Koppers Company Superior Plant

The Koppers facility in the Town of Superior, Douglas County, WI, contaminated the Crawford
Creek basin soils and sediments with chemicals related to wood treatment processes.
Information regarding this site is taken from the 2003 ATSDR health consultation for the site.

Category of Public Health Hazard: ATSDR concluded that the contaminated soils and
sediments are a public health hazard in its 2001 health consultation. This site was categorized by

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ATSDR as an Indeterminate Public Health Hazard (Category 3) for PCDD and PCDF
contamination of fish in its 2003 health consultation.

Contaminants of Concern in Completed Exposure Pathways: According to the summary in

the 2003 health consultation, the 2001 health consultation concluded that creosote wastes and
PAHs in the soils and sediments of lower Crawford Creek are a human health concern. PCDDs
and PCDFs were also present in these media, but the contamination was not well characterized
and apparently was not at levels of health concern. Further monitoring, including of fish and
wildlife, was needed. The 2003 health consultation evaluated the adequacy of modeled fish
concentrations as a basis for assessing health risk. ATSDR concluded that it could not, on the
basis of that information, confidently conclude that fish from Crawford Creek and the Nemadji
River basis do not contain unsafe levels of PCDDs and PCDFs, and that fish in those areas
therefore pose an indeterminate health risk.

Demographics: Not reported.

Public Health Outcome Data: Not reported.

Conclusions: The Koppers facility has contaminated the Crawford Creek basin with PAHs,
probably including the IJC critical pollutant B(a)P, and other creosote-related chemicals at levels
of public health concern. Whether PCDDs and PCDFs have accumulated in fish to levels of
concern could not be determined.

6.3.2 TRI Data for the St. Louis River and Bay AOC

The TRI onsite chemical releases for St. Louis and Carlton Counties, MN, and Douglas County,
WI, are summarized in Table 6.3-C. Total onsite releases in 2001 were 1,253,524 pounds, the
majority of which were released to air, followed by releases to land. St. Louis County accounted
for 37%, Carlton County accounted for 46%, and Douglas County accounted for 17% of the total
onsite releases.

IJC critical pollutants accounted for 4,417 pounds (0.4 %) of the total onsite releases. The IJC
critical pollutants released were PCDDs and PCDFs (to air and land), lead and lead compounds
(to air and land), and mercury compounds (primarily to air). The facilities that released these
pollutants are listed in Table 6.3-D.

The largest onsite release (300,000-499,999 pounds) of non-IJC chemicals was of methanol (to
air). The next largest release category (150,000-299,999 pounds) also had only one chemical,
barium compounds (primarily to land).

6.3.3 NPDES Data for the St. Louis River and Bay AOC

The NPDES permitted discharges for St. Louis and Carlton Counties, MN and Douglas County,
WI are summarized in Table 6.3-E. The total average annual permitted discharges in 2004 were
3,468 pounds, the majority of which was phosphorus. No IJC critical pollutants were the subject
of permitted (quantity average limit) discharge amounts.

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6.3.4 County Demographics and Health Status Data for the St. Louis River and Bay AOC

The demographic profile, from the 2000 U.S. Census, for vulnerable populations living in the
three counties of this AOC is shown in Table 6.3-F.

Table 6.3-F County Demographic Profiles for the St. Louis River and Bay AOC

St. Louis County, Carlton County, Douglas County,

Vulnerable population MN MN WI Total for AOC
Children 6 years and younger 14,995 2,631 1,288 18,914
Females aged 15-44 41,312 6,140 3,047 50,499
Adults 65 years and older 32,274 4,784 3,903 40,961

According to the 2000 HRSA community health status reports, health status indicators that
compared unfavorably with those of the U.S. and also with the median of the peer counties for
the two counties relevant to this AOC were as follows:

St. Louis County, MN

Infant mortality (per 1,000 births)
• none
Birth measures (as percent)
• none
Death measures (per 100,000 population)
• stroke

Carlton County, MN
Infant mortality (per 1,000 births)
• none
Birth measures (as percent)
• none
Death measures (per 100,000 population)
• stroke

Douglas County, WI
Infant mortality (per 1,000 births)
• infant mortality
• post-neonatal infant mortality
Birth measures (as percent)
• none
Death measures (per 100,000 population)
• breast cancer (female)
• colon cancer
• coronary health disease
• stroke

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6.3.5 Summary and Conclusions for the St. Louis River and Bay AOC

6.3.5.1 Hazardous Waste Sites

Three hazardous waste sites relevant to this AOC were evaluated by ATSDR as public health
hazard categories 1-3. The IJC critical pollutant B(a)P [or total PAHs, probably including
B(a)P], was a contaminant of concern at all three sites, and in a completed exposure pathway
(form soil and sediment) at one site. EPA reported (2006) that sediment evaluation projects had
been undertaken at this AOC under the Great Lakes Legacy Act. Information for the other two
sites was not provided so as to determine completed exposure pathways, but one of those sites
has been completely remediated and the other partially remediated.

Issues for Follow-Up

St. Louis River site: Information regarding completed exposure pathways may be available in
the 2001 ATSDR health consultation. This site (comprising two sites on the river) has not been
completely remediated, and appears to have contributed significantly to the river’s burden of
contaminants, including B(a)P.

Koppers Co. Superior Plant: ATSDR was concerned that the levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in
sediment of the nearby creek may bioaccumulate into fish at levels of concern. None of the site-
related contaminants in the creek soil and sediments had been cleaned up as of the 2003 ATSDR
health consultation.

6.3.5.2 TRI Data

The TRI onsite chemical releases for St. Louis and Carlton Counties, MN, and Douglas County,
WI, in 2001 were 1,253,524 pounds, the majority of which were released to air, followed by
releases to land. St. Louis County accounted for 37%, Carlton County accounted for 46%, and
Douglas County accounted for 17% of the total onsite releases.

IJC critical pollutants accounted for 4,417 pounds (0.4 %) of the total onsite releases. The IJC
critical pollutants released were PCDDs and PCDFs (to air and land), lead and lead compounds
(to air and land), and mercury compounds (primarily to air).

The largest release (300,000-499,999 pounds) of non-IJC chemicals was of methanol (to air).
The next largest release category (150,000-299,999 pounds) also had only one chemical, barium
compounds (primarily to land).

6.3.5.3 NPDES Data

The NPDES permitted discharges for St. Louis and Carlton Counties, MN and Douglas County,
WI are summarized in Table 6.3-E. The total average annual permitted discharges in 2004 were
3,468 pounds, the majority of which was phosphorus. No IJC critical pollutants were the subject
of permitted (quantity average limit) discharge amounts.

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6.3.5.4 County Demographics and Health Status Indicators

Total vulnerable populations were 88,581 for St. Louis County, MN, 13,555 for Carlton County,
MN, and 8,238 for Douglas County, WI. St. Louis and Carlton Counties each had only one
health status indicator (deaths from stroke) that compared unfavorably with both the U.S. and the
median of the peer counties. Douglas County, however, had several that compared unfavorably:
two infant mortality indicators and four death measures (breast cancer, colon cancer, coronary
heart disease, and stroke).

6.3.5.5 Beneficial Use Impairments (BUIs)

Of the three health-related BUIs, restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption and beach
closings were the two BUIs listed as impaired at this AOC site. Further information is available
at the EPA web site (http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/).

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Table 6.3-B Waste Site Contaminants that Exceeded Health-Based Screening Values
St. Louis River and Bay AOC

Number of Records
IJC
Tracking Human Other
CAS No. Chemical Name Number Air Biota Material Media Soil Water Total
001336-36-3 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 1 6 2 8
001746-01-6 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN 2 2 2
HZ0400-02-T POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS 2 2 2
051207-31-9 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZOFURAN 3 2 2
HZ0500-02-T POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS 3 2 2
000050-32-8 BENZO(A)PYRENE 4 7 7
HZ1500-50-T BENZO(A)PYRENE EQUIVALENTS 4 1 1
HZ1500-02-T PAHS (CARCINOGENIC) 4 6 2 8
000072-54-8 DDD, P,P'- 5 2 2
000050-29-3 DDT, P,P'- 5 2 2
007439-92-1 LEAD 8 4 14 6 24
007439-97-6 MERCURY 9 2 10 2 14
022967-92-6 METHYLMERCURY 9 2 2
000118-74-1 HEXACHLOROBENZENE 11 2 2 4
Total IJC 0 2 0 22 46 10 80
000071-55-6 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE 2 6 2 10
000079-34-5 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 2 2
000079-00-5 1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE 2 2
000075-35-4 1,1-DICHLOROETHENE 2 2 4
000107-06-2 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE 4 2 6
000156-60-5 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, TRANS- 4 4
000541-73-1 1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE 2 2
000090-12-0 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE 2 2 4
000105-67-9 2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL 2 2
000121-14-2 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE 2 2
000606-20-2 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE 2 2
000078-93-3 2-BUTANONE 2 2 2 6
000091-57-6 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE 2 4 2 8
000083-32-9 ACENAPHTHENE 2 2
000208-96-8 ACENAPHTHYLENE 2 2 4
000067-64-1 ACETONE 2 2
012587-46-1 ALPHA RADIATION 2 2
007429-90-5 ALUMINUM 2 4 6 12
000120-12-7 ANTHRACENE 2 2 4
007440-36-0 ANTIMONY 2 2 4
007440-38-2 ARSENIC 4 2 6
007440-39-3 BARIUM 2 2
000071-43-2 BENZENE 4 8 2 14
000092-87-5 BENZIDINE 2 2
000056-55-3 BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE 7 7
000203-33-8 BENZO(A)FLUORANTHENE 1 1
000205-99-2 BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE 4 4
000192-97-2 BENZO(E)PYRENE 2 2
000191-24-2 BENZO(GHI)PERYLENE 4 4
000207-08-9 BENZO(K)FLUORANTHENE 5 5
000065-85-0 BENZOIC ACID 2 2
000100-51-6 BENZYL ALCOHOL 4 4
007440-41-7 BERYLLIUM 2 4 6 12
000111-44-4 BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER 2 2
007440-42-8 BORON 2 2

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Number of Records
IJC
Tracking Human Other
CAS No. Chemical Name Number Air Biota Material Media Soil Water Total
000075-27-4 BROMODICHLOROMETHANE 2 2
000075-25-2 BROMOFORM 2 2
000085-68-7 BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE 4 2 6
007440-43-9 CADMIUM 4 2 6
007440-70-2 CALCIUM 2 2
000075-15-0 CARBON DISULFIDE 2 2
000056-23-5 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 6 6
000124-48-1 CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE 2 2
000075-00-3 CHLOROETHANE 2 2
000067-66-3 CHLOROFORM 2 2 4
007440-47-3 CHROMIUM 8 8 16
000218-01-9 CHRYSENE 7 7
007440-48-4 COBALT 2 4 4 10
007440-50-8 COPPER 8 2 10
HZ1600-59-T CREOSOTE WASTES 4 4
000095-48-7 CRESOL, ORTHO- 2 2
000106-44-5 CRESOL, PARA- 2 2 4
000057-12-5 CYANIDE 2 2 2 6
000117-81-7 DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE 2 2 2 6
000053-70-3 DIBENZO(A,H)ANTHRACENE 5 5
000131-11-3 DIMETHYL PHTHALATE 2 2 2 6
000084-74-2 DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE 2 2
000117-84-0 DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE 2 2
000100-41-4 ETHYLBENZENE 2 2 4
000206-44-0 FLUORANTHENE 2 2
000086-73-7 FLUORENE 4 2 6
HZ0600-47-T FUEL RELATED ORGANICS 1 1
HZ0900-02-T HEAVY METALS, UNSPECIFIED 2 2 2 6
HZ1000-01-T HYDROCARBONS, UNSPECIFIED 3 3
000193-39-5 INDENO(1,2,3-CD)PYRENE 3 3
007439-89-6 IRON 2 2 4
007439-93-2 LITHIUM 2 2 4
007439-95-4 MAGNESIUM 2 6 6 14
007439-96-5 MANGANESE 2 10 12
HZ0900-01-T METALS N.O.S. 2 2 4
000108-10-1 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 4 2 6
000075-09-2 METHYLENE CHLORIDE 4 4 4 12
000091-20-3 NAPHTHALENE 6 2 8
007440-02-0 NICKEL 2 10 6 18
000086-30-6 N-NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE 2 2
HZ2000-06-T NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS (NAPL) 2 2
029082-74-4 OCTACHLOROSTYRENE 2 2
HZ0600-01-T OIL/GREASE, UNSPECIFIED 2 2
HZ0700-01-T ORGANOCHLORINES, UNSPECIFIED 2 2 4
HZ1500-03-T PAHS (NON-CARCINOGENIC) 2 2 4
000087-86-5 PENTACHLOROPHENOL 2 2
000198-55-0 PERYLENE 2 2
000085-01-8 PHENANTHRENE 2 6 2 10
000108-95-2 PHENOL 2 2 4
064743-03-9 PHENOLICS 2 2 4
HZ1400-01-T PHTHALATES, UNSPECIFIED 2 2
130498-29-2 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 2 6 37 8 53
007440-09-7 POTASSIUM 2 4 6 12
000129-00-0 PYRENE 4 2 6

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Number of Records
IJC
Tracking Human Other
CAS No. Chemical Name Number Air Biota Material Media Soil Water Total
007440-22-4 SILVER 2 2
007440-23-5 SODIUM 4 4
007440-24-6 STRONTIUM 2 2
HZ1000-29-T STYRENE/O-XYLENE 2 2
HZ1600-51-T TAR SLUDGE 4 4
HZ0400-03-T TCDD EQUIVALENTS 3 3
000127-18-4 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE 2 2 4 8
007440-28-0 THALLIUM 2 2
007440-31-5 TIN 4 4
000108-88-3 TOLUENE 2 2 4
HZ1000-15-T TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS 2 2
000079-01-6 TRICHLOROETHYLENE 2 6 6 14
007440-62-2 VANADIUM 2 4 6 12
000075-01-4 VINYL CHLORIDE 2 6 8
HZ1900-01-T VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS N.O.S. 4 2 6
001330-20-7 XYLENES, TOTAL 2 2 4
007440-66-6 ZINC 2 12 6 20
000132-64-9 DIBENZOFURAN 2 2
MEDEXP-00-0 4 4 4 12 14 38
PENDING FLUFFY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL 2 2
2 4 3 14 6 29
Total Non-
IJC 6 10 0 73 328 240 657
Total 6 12 0 95 374 250 737

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Table 6.3-C TRI Releases (in pounds, 2001) for the St. Louis River and Bay AOC

IJC Surface Under- Total Total On-

Tracking Total Air Water ground Releases to Total Onsite Offsite and Offsite
Chemical Number Emissions Discharges Injection Land Releases Releases Releases
DIOXIN AND DIOXIN-
LIKE COMPOUNDS 2 0.002014709 0 0 0.001554525 0.003569234 0 0.003569234
(PCDDs and PCDFs) 3
LEAD 8 355.3 0 0 17 372.3 16.9 389.2
LEAD COMPOUNDS 8 224.21 0.1 0 3785 4009.31 3372.65 7381.96
MERCURY 9 1.59 0 0 0 1.59 0 1.59
MERCURY COMPOUNDS 9 28.6 0 0 5.1 33.7 9.6 43.3
Total IJC 609.7020147 0.1 0 3807.101555 4416.903569 3399.15 7816.053569
CHROMIUM 0 0 0 0 0 12189 12189
NICKEL COMPOUNDS 0 0 0 0 0 696 696
BENZO(G,H,I)PERYLENE 0.03 0 0 0.65 0.68 0.4 1.08
COPPER 1 0 0 0 1 21 22
CATECHOL 0 0 0 5 5 0 5
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 5 0 0 0 5 0 5
BARIUM 10 5 0 0 15 1850 1865
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS (EXCEPT
CHROMITE ORE MINED IN THE
TRANSVAAL REGION) 10 5 0 0 15 4104 4119
MOLYBDENUM
TRIOXIDE 10 5 0 0 15 100 115
NICKEL 10 5 0 0 15 150 165
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE 66 0 0 0 66 0 66
ETHYLENE 68 0 0 0 68 0 68
1,2,4-
TRIMETHYLBENZENE 140 0 0 0 140 0 140
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
COMPOUNDS 90.2 0.1 0 52 142.3 29.7 172
PHENOL 250 0 0 0 250 0 250
CYCLOHEXANE 267 0 0 0 267 0 267
CHLORINE 500 0 0 0 500 0 500
NAPHTHALENE 500 0 0 0 500 0 500
PROPYLENE OXIDE 500 0 0 0 500 0 500
CRESOL (MIXED
ISOMERS) 755 0 0 5 760 0 760
TRICHLOROETHYLENE 889 0 0 0 889 0 889
NITRATE COMPOUNDS 0 0 0 1072 1072 0 1072
CREOSOTE 1280 1 0 0 1281 320 1601
TOLUENE 1302 0 0 0 1302 0 1302
BENZENE 1303 0 0 0 1303 0 1303
PROPYLENE 2088 0 0 0 2088 0 2088
METHYL ETHYL KETONE 2346 0 0 5 2351 0 2351
N-HEXANE 2485 0 0 0 2485 0 2485
ACROLEIN 13700 0 0 0 13700 0 13700
CHLORINE DIOXIDE 17124 0 0 0 17124 0 17124
ETHYLBENZENE 26588 0 0 0 26588 0 26588
ACETALDEHYDE 44146 0 0 5 44151 0 44151
HYDROCHLORIC ACID (1995 AND
AFTER 'ACID AEROSOLS' ONLY) 47557 0 0 0 47557 0 47557
FORMALDEHYDE 49963 0 0 5 49968 0 49968
MANGANESE
COMPOUNDS 1461 15 0 89526 91002 41375 132377
XYLENE (MIXED
ISOMERS) 114886 0 0 0 114886 0 114886

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IJC Surface Under- Total Total On-

Tracking Total Air Water ground Releases to Total Onsite Offsite and Offsite
Chemical Number Emissions Discharges Injection Land Releases Releases Releases
AMMONIA 123042 0 0 259 123301 0 123301
BARIUM COMPOUNDS 9441 12000 0 243059 264500 24599 289099
METHANOL 440294 0 0 0 440294 2033 442327
Total Non-
IJC 903077.23 12036.1 0 333993.65 1249106.98 87467.1 1336574.08
Total 903686.932 12036.2 0 337800.7516 1253523.884 90866.25 1344390.134

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Table 6.3-D TRI Facilities Releasing IJC Critical Pollutants Onsite for the St. Louis
River and Bay AOC

Number of
IJC Critical Pollutant Facilities Facility Name TRIF ID City
Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds 1
(PCDDs and PCDFs)
Sappi Cloquet LLC
Carlton County, MN 1 (formerly POTLATCH CORP.) 55720PTLTCNORTH CLOQUET
Lead and lead compounds 11
Carlton County, MN 1 POTLATCH CORP. MN P & P DIV. 55720PTLTCNORTH CLOQUET
Douglas County, MN 2 CLM CORP. 54880CLMCRHILLA SUPERIOR
GEORGIA-PACIFIC CORP. 54880SPRRFNORTH SUPERIOR
St. Louis County, MN 8 GEORGIA-PACIFIC CORP. 55816SPRWD14THA DULUTH
HIBBING PUBLIC UTILITIES
COMMISSION 55749HBBNG1832S HIBBING
L & M RADIATOR INC. 55746LMRDT1414E HIBBING
LASKIN ENERGY CENTER 55705LSKNN5699C HOYT LAKES
ME GLOBAL INC. 55808MNTRN200EA DULUTH
NOBLE INDS. LTD. 55746HBBNG3430E HIBBING
NORTHERN CASTINGS CORP. 55746NRTHR555WE HIBBING
POTLATCH CORP. 55723PTLTCPOBOX COOK
Mercury and mercury compounds 5
Douglas County, MN 2 CLM CORP. 54880CLMCRHILLA SUPERIOR
MURPHY OIL USA INC. 54880MRPHY24THA SUPERIOR
HIBBING PUBLIC UTILITIES
St. Louis County, MN 3 COMMISSION 55749HBBNG1832S HIBBING
LASKIN ENERGY CENTER 55705LSKNN5699C HOYT LAKES
POTLATCH CORP. 55723PTLTCPOBOX COOK

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 Do Not Cite or Quote 380

Table 6.3-E NPDES Permitted Average Annual Discharges (in pounds, 2004) to Surface Water, St.
Louis River and Bay AOC

Chemical IJC Tracking Number Discharge

Total IJC 0
CHROMIUM, HEXAVALENT TOT RECOVERABLE 47.45
CHROMIUM, TRIVALENT (AS CR) 573.05
PHENOLS 489.10
PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL (AS P) 1770.62
SULFITE (AS S) 587.65
Total Non-IJC 3467.87
Total 3467.87

DRAFT – DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE