Comparison Of Different Curing Methods On Concrete Strength
Chapter-1
Introduction
1.1. Introduction
This report is a short description of my one month internship carried out as a compulsory
component of my PG Programme. This internship was carried out 1 months at S. S. Patane &
Associates Consulting Engineer, Pune, Maharashtra (India) during the period of 1 July 2017 to
22 July 2017, Since I have always been interested in Civil Structural Designing, my most of the
work was concentrated on Steel and Concrete Designing Projects, which had always been very
fascinating for me to learn and hence apply.
At the beginning of the internship I formulated several learning goals, which I wanted to
achieve:
To understand the working and the organizational structure of the Civil Engineering Firms
To understand the demand of the Structural Designing Industry
To see if the profession of structural designer can be opted as my future career
To apply what I have learnt in engineering so far
To evolve myself into a true structural engineer by learning structural designing skills
To get experience of working in teams on a single project
To build my network of worthy people
To enhance my communication skills
To build up confidence in my structural designing skills
Understanding of difference between practical and theoretical work
Understanding the basics and keys of Building Design and Detailing
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This internship report contains description of my activities that have contributed to achieve a
number of my stated goals. In the following chapters, a description of the organization i.e. (S. S.
Patane & Associates Consulting Engineer) and the activities undertaken during the internship is
provided. In these sections, a reflection on my working, the unexpected circumstances and the
learning goals achieved during the internship are described.
Finally I have given a conclusion on the internship experience in accordance with my learning
goals.
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Chapter-2
Organizations Description
Vision
SSPA has an expert team of civil & structural engineers having experience on working complex
projects globally, supported by young & enthusiastic engineers with a vision of top management
for sustainable engineering.
Mission
SSPA is civil engineering consultancy dedicated to perfection in providing the most economical
and efficient designs with practical solutions. We are working for major civil engineering project
range includes, Residential buildings, Commercial complexes, Hotels, Hospitals, Electrical
substation, Industrial projects like ware-houses, operation plants, food industry, Fire Heaters &
many Complex &challenging projects. We also do design review and proof checking for the
client.
The firm is associated as a structural consultant with Developer, Architects, Contractor,
Government Departments & Engineering colleges.
Design Philosophy
Our team, designs the structure which fulfills the owner requirements, respects Architectural
planning & designs, Reduces or Eliminates contractors difficulties.
We suggest value engineering & cost effective alternatives by analyzing each project as different
one. we are always commited to provide sound structural concept in the Design phase so that to
avoid problems in construction phase.
We believe in providing detailed & complete drawing which is self explanatory to supervisors,
engineers at site. We strongly believe in implementation of our design- drawing at site. Our
engineers are committed for regular site visits, meetings, quality checks. Also they are busy in
educating site supervisors to minimize wastage of materials & the errors while doing execution.
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We indigenize the latest global technologies to local conditions and terrain to extract maximum
results, Ensuring that everything that we do has a positive impact on the Environment.
Our Mentors
Mr. S.S. Patane
Director, S. S. Patane & Associates
Consulting Engineer
Civil Engineer with Structural Engineering
Post Graduation from SCOE Pune.
He is in the relevant business since last 14 Years.
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Chapter-3
INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES
INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES
My internship was focused mainly on the learning the skill of structural Modeling and
Designing. It was planned to work on the live projects of the company and hence get hands on
experience of structural designing. During the period of one months in Pune, I got the chance to
work on live project. I got hands on experience of the various structural engineering softwares
like [Link], AutoCAD, etc.
I have categorized my full internship experience starting from my excitement during the
application process to my daily experience and achievements. After that, a timeline of the
projects I have worked on is enclosed followed by individual project descriptions below.
At the end of the second semester, it is mandatory to do 15 days small duration internship,
according to the curriculum of Savitribai Phule Pune University. Prof. J.P. Bhusari, coordinator,
inspired me to do internship in a multinational firm and work on live project. After several
consultations with my colleagues, who were also interested with same vigor, I decided to do
internship at S. S. Patane & Associates Consulting Engineer, Pune.
Then the paper-warfare began I had to arrange various documents like a letter of application,
curriculum vitae, etc. All this was mailed to the firm. I also meet with Mr. [Link], Director
SSPA about my appointment at the firm. Internship was confirmed by Director way before July
2017.
The very first day I was mainly focused on learning and adopting myself to the organizational
setting. In the first week, no live project was allotted to me even after several requests to my
supervisors. I was given a task of brushing my previous concepts.
First week were only involved in understanding what is structural engineering and what kind of
projects are undertaken by the company. I understood how the projects were taken by the
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companys management team and how were they moved to the structural engineering team.
There were more teams like Detailing team, Drawing team in addition to management and
Structure designing teams.
During this time I studied IS 456-2000, IS 875- Part I, II, III, IV. This was a time of great
learning for me about the various concepts of civil engineering and how they are applied.
Illustrated Design of Concrete Structures; by Shah Karve proved to be of great help for me.
During the Internship I got a good grasping on the following topics:
1. Distribution of loads in the structures
a. Distribution of loads in One way slab
b. Distribution of loads in Two way slabs
c. Distribution of loads in continuous slabs
2. Spacing of main and transverse reinforcement in various structural elements
3. Grouping of columns based on the axial loads coming on them
4. Factors of safetys and other safety measures taken
5. Effect of Orientation of columns in structure
6. Structural design in AutoCAD and grasping various commands of AutoCAD
7. Understanding the concepts of Finite Element Modeling
8. Understanding the various results produced by the modeling softwares based on the
following factors like Displacements and Forces involved in structure i.e. reactions,
internal forces, Moment Diagrams, etc.
9. I was introduced to the concepts of Stiffness of structures, Mode-shifts, etc.
In short, I understood what is structural analysis i.e. structural analysis is the process of
predicting the response (in terms of forces and displacements) of the given structure (Existing or
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proposed) subjected to specified loads. The major aspects of the structural analysis are (in
accordance with their priority are):
Stability
Strength
Stiffness
Economy
Aesthetics
First three are the safety related issues. There is always a tradeoff between economy and safety.
During this time, I have been educated about the importance and necessity of Analysis prior to
designing. I also tried to develop my AutoCAD and [Link] Expertise. Hence I realised that,
I was rightly oriented towards my goal i.e. evolving myself as Structural Design Engineer.
Further I aspired to develop full command over the software namely AutoCAD and [Link]
etc. so that I can prove myself to be fruitful for the organization.
The Process Approach for Structural Engineers is
LOAD STRUCTURE RESPONSE
Fig.1 Process Approach for Structural Engineering
During my first week I shifted my focus to software modeling of the structures. I started
modeling previously completed projects of the firm on [Link]. and learned various
concepts of modeling.
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During this practice I understood the following concepts:
I learned importing a model from AutoCAD in [Link] understanding results of
vibration analysis and mode-shapes, short keys of softwares etc.
I learned to the Earthquake load calculations.
The overall conclusion of the second month was that I had developed my command over various
structural engineering softwares and have understood the application of the results produced by
them. The understanding of proper modeling of the structures and application of various loads on
them was a major achievement.
In later half I focused on the advanced load applications like Earthquake (Seismic) loads. I learnt
how to calculate them based on IS 1893:2016 (Part 1). I have also prepared notes for
remembering these calculations during this period.
CALCULATIONS (Earthquake Loads):
Now the following steps may be taken:
(a) Estimate fundamental time period Ta using empirical expressions given in the Code IS:
1893- 2016.
Ta= 0.075 H0.75,
IS: 1893 Cl.7.6.1 for bare frame along each axis
Tax= 0.09h/d along x-axis IS: 1893 Cl.7.6.2
Taz = 0.09h/b, along z-axis, IS: 1893 Cl.7.6.2
where h is the height of the building and d and b are the base dimensions of the building along x
and z axis respectively.
(b) Calculate the design horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah
Now compute the fundamental time periods Tx and Tz for the bare frame along the two axes by
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dynamic analysis. These are generally found to be higher than Tax and Taz respectively.
The design horizontal coefficient Ah is given by
Ah= (Z/2). (I/R). (Sa/g)
The second week was marked by a project of Concrete Structural Analysis and Designing. It was
a G+40 Residential Project. I started it from beginning i.e. Column Orientation followed by
modeling it on [Link], Designing of Beams, Columns, Slabs. Since this was my first
project it took me about 2 weeks to complete it. During this project I learnt various concepts of
and short tricks and advance concepts from my supervisors like
1. Column size estimation
2. Curtailment of bars in beams
3. Application of earthquake loads
4. Application of mode shapes of structures
The whole internship of 1 months was a great experience for me, which helped me and promoted
me to do continuous learning and do mature thinking. The organization is very supportive to the
interns and allows them to learn in a comfortable environment. Organization has a vision for the
interns and looks at them as an asset to the organization.
Organization always promoted me to learn hardwork and goal accomplishment habits by
allowing me to work on live projects and always taking interest in allotting work aimed at
achieving organizational objectives. I worked with dignity at the organization. I was given same
respect as that of my supervisors, by other employees of the organization. The overall learning
experience at SSPA had been great and invaluable.
Weekly Progress Report
Month Week Task/Project Status
July 2017
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Study of IS Codes IS 875, IS
Week 1 456-2000, IS 800. Done
Study of Standard Drawings
of SSPA.
Modelling and Design of
G+40 Residential Building
Week 2 Done
Project
Learned Seismic Load
Calculations
Apply Seismic Load on
Week 3 Done
structure.
Analyze the structure.
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Chapter-4
MODELLING & ANALYSIS
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Chapter-5
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
It had been a great internship of 1 month. In short, it paved a way for the career of my choice of
transforming my-selves into a structural engineer. The most important thing to learn for a
structural engineer is to understand the behavior of your structure; during its live span and
during earthquake. For quicker delivery of work one needs to be prepared with all the tools and
thumb rules which one should adopt only by experience without compromising accuracy.
There is no single way to make structural design as designs vary slightly from engineer to
engineer. Whats more important is accuracy of calculations and accuracy of understanding its
behavior. I wish, this internship would contribute significantly to the career of my choice.
Also I wish to study subjects related to structural designing like Plastic Analysis, FEM,
understand non-linear behavior of the concrete and structure as a whole, Time History Functions,
etc which would enhance my knowledge of structural behavior and hence help to make more
advanced and correct designing of my future structure.
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