AN ABSTRACT OF

THE HISTORY OF MADISON COLLEGE

BY

WILLIAM CRUZAN SANDBORN.

MASTER OF ARTS

GEORGE PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

SUM/JETTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

DOCTOR OF EDUCATION

IN THE

DEPARTHENT OF EDUCATION

OF THE

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

GEORGE PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

AUGUST 1953

APPROVED:

MAJOR PROFESSOR: 14.. H. Vaughan

SECOND READER: Harold Benjamin

'PV1_11 n, Robb
DEAN OF INSTRUCTION

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 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This history is written for the purpose of revealing

an underlying philosophy of education that is rarely

practiced and little understood. Few men and women through

the ages have been willing to make the personal sacrifices

necessary for the realization of the type of educational

opportunity offered by Madison College. The majority of

people are steeped in the traditional types and methods of

education, Very few people realize that such a school as

Madison College exists. The number is far smaller that knows

and understands the spirit of self-sacrifice and the principles

of self-support that are the foundation stones of the Madison

institution. This history is written for those who do not

know and understand those fundamental principles. It is also

written to demonstrate how a small movement set in motion can

grow until its influence is far-reaching& Attention is merited,

if for no other reason, for the great influence exerted upon

the people of the southeastern part of the United States in

bringing about better rural living, especially from the stand-

point of their health, education, and general economy.

A period of forty-nine years is covered by this history,

beginning with the founding of the College in 1904 and ending

with the activities of the year 1953. The history is general

in nature, with an effort made to give attention to every

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phase of the College and its accomplishments.

No one has ever written a history of the College. More

people are entitled to know and understand Madison College

and its contributions to the development of the South.

Madison is a unique college in many ways. In 1938

Robert Ripley called it the only self-supporting college in

the United States. With its industries, 816 acres Of land,

and its 200-bed hospital, it is entirely self-sustaining, and

has been throughout its entire history. It lives and operates

from the earnings of the institution. It has no subsidies

and has only one endowment of 50,000, left by a former patient

of the hospital.

Many sources of valuable data were available to the writer

of this history.. Two of the original founders are living at

the present time. Their personal contributions were valuable

in that they were able to fill in gaps not mentioned in any

writings; also they were able to enlarge upon and explain

things that had been written. Files of board and committee

meetings were also good sources of information. The many

pamphlets published through the years, along with the

Madison Survey, proved to be invaluable sources. Many news-

paper and magazine articles on the College were also avail-

able. The College bulletins through the years gave a good

picture of the course offerings.

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 4.

The history contains seven chapters with an appendix.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The first chapter is entitled "From Battle Creek to

Madison." We are introduced to Professor Sutherland (who

later founded Madison) while he was president of Battle

Creek College. The influence of Dr. John Harvey Kellogg)

president of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, is shown as it

affected the life of Professor Sutherland in matters of health

reform. The influence of Mrs. Ellen G. White, the recognized

prophet of the Seventh-day Adventist Church)is also shown as

it affected the life of Professor Sutherland. The moving of

the College from the city of Battle Creek to Berrien Springsj

Michigan, out in the country, indicates a new trend in

Adventist education.

Professors E. A. Sutherland and P. T. Magan are shown

turning their eyes Southward)longing to do something for the

people of the hill country. The opportunity for them to fulfill

their longing came in the spring of 1904 with their resignation

from Emmanuel Missionary College at Berrien Springs, Michigan.

The story of the search for a site for a school is very vividly

portrayed. The two men with Mrs. White and others took a

trip up the Cumberland River on the steaMboat Morning Star.

While on the trip Mrs. White saw the farm that later became the

Madison school farm. She stated that she was impressed by

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Divine power that a school was to be established on that farm.

After much searching and investigation they secured the farm.

The purchase price was $12,723.

The farm was run-down, full of gullies, covered with

brush, with much rock cropping out on the surface. The

prospect was everything but pleasing. The first of the group

to settle on the place was Elmer Brink, who came in the early

summer of 1904 to look after the livestock. The others came

in the fill, and classwork began in October.

Some attention is given, in the chapter, to the corpora-

tion set-up with its attendant boards and constituencies.

The second chapter is entitled "Years of Faith, Work,

and Frugality:" This chapter explains the purposes for which

the school was founded. The early hardships are portrayed in

order to give a picture of the character and selfless spirit

of the founders. The responsibilities of everyone are outlined,

showing how the teachers and students worked side by side for

long hours, in order to assure the success of the school. The

president and the dean, along with others, had their manual

responsibilities to perform. Everyone worked, for their very

existence depended upon making the institution self-supporting

from the very beginning.

The cottage plan of construction was adopted for the

early buildings, being copied after Thomas Jefferson's early

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 6
University of Virginia. The cottage plan developed within

the students valuable lessons in Self-government, whereas

the privilege of working for their education developed

valuable lessons in self-support.

The school expenses in 1910 of $10.50 each month are

contrasted with the school expenses in 1952 of $78.00 each

month. The fact is borne out that a student can still earn

his school expenses at Madison by work. It is interesting

to note that the teachers, in 1908, received only $13 each

month. Many instances are related shaving the sacrificing

spirit of the early teachers.

For the first ten years of the schoolts history, keeping

the accounts of the institution had been a personal matter

with Mrs. Nellie Druillard. The books had never been audited.

The first audit was rendered by Mr. E. H. Rees, the conference

auditor, in 1914.
This chapter delineates the philanthropic work of

Mrs. Lida Scott and Mrs. Josephine Gotzian, two of the most

liberal givers to the Madison school.

Mention is also made of the prominent newspaper and

magazine articles that were instrumental in bringing a great

influx of students between 1938 and 1940.

Part of the chapter deals with such adversities as the

"Depression," the "Love Lawsuit," and floods.

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The chapter closes with a description of the fiftieth

wedding anniversary of Dr. and Mrs. E. A. Sutherland.

Chapter three is entitled "The School Program." This

chapter deals with the school program by ten-year periods,

with the exception of the first period from 1904 to 1912.

The development of the curriculum is traced from period to

period showing the changes as they took place. The curriculum

started out with remedial courses for those who were weak in

the common branches. Such essential literary courses as

English, history, mathematics, science, and literature were

offered in addition to an approximately equal number of

practical courses such as cabinet-making, blacksmithing,

baking, butter-making and many others. Health and nursing

played an important part in the curriculum from the beginning

in 1904 up to the present.

The nurses! course was lengthened from one year to two

years in 1915.

One cannot think of Madison in its earlier years as a

college, neither can one think of it as a high school. It was

a special school organized for the purpose of training self-

supporting missionary teachers and workers. The only entrance

requirements were a mature mind and an intense interest in

self-supporting missionary endeavor. Entrance examinations

determined whether or not one needed to brush up in the common

branches.

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The school was accredited as a high school in 1927 and as

a junior college in 1928. Steps were taken as early as 1929 to

make the school into a senior college. The first senior college

class was graduated in 1933. Efforts were continued until 1940

to have the school fully accredited as a senior college. The

school is recognized by the University of Tennessee and the

State Department of Education, but has never been accredited

as a senior college by the Southern Association of Colleges and

Secondary Schools. At the present time the program is being

planned with the idea of achieving full accreditation.

The chapter gives some attention to the present curriculum,

outlining the major and minor fields. Some attention is also

given to the tenure of office of the five presidents showing

the trends and accomplishments during their terms of office.

Chapter four is entitled "Schools for Men of the Mountains."

This chapter illustrates how the objectives of Madison were

achieved in the earlier days of its work. Within two years

from the founding of the school, some of the students set forth

to find locations to establish small schools of their own.

Some went as far away as Cuba, while others settled within a

few miles of Madison. One of the earlier schools in Tennessee

was the Oak Grove Garden School, founded by C. F. Alden and

B. N. Mulford, near Ridgetop, Tennessee, about fifteen miles

northwest of Madison. This school performed a magnificent

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work in that area. The people were taught better methods in

agriculture and better methods of living, including better

practices in health. A school was established, free to both

children and parents. These men were responsible for intro-

ducing sub-soil plowing, alfalfa, and strawberries into the

ridge country northwest of Madison. Today the Portland,

Tennessee, area is outstanding for the growth of strawberries.

This chapter also describes the work of other institutions

established under similar circumstances by Madison students.

The work is widespread. A list of nearly fifty small outpost

schools and sanitariums that were in operation in 1940 is

given in the chapter.

'This type of extension work was greatly enhanced with the

founding of the Layman Foundation in 1924. Mrs. Lida Scott,

whose father was the founder of the Funk and Wagnalls Publishing

Company, was the founder of the Layman Foundation. She gave

many hundreds of thousands of dollars of her money, not only

to Madison for buildings, but to help found the small units

scattered throughout the southeastern part of the United States.

The amount of good accomplished by these units can never be

measured.

Chapter five is entitled "The Gospel of Healthful Living."

This chapter tells the story of the founding of the Sanitarium,

the Food Factory, the Vegetarian Cafeteria, and the city

Treatment Rooms.

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 10

The first patient of the Sanitarium came before any

facilities were ready. Upon his much pleading, he was

allowed to stay and sleep on a screened porch. He was

given treatments and a special diet and before long went

away singing praises for the good that had been done for

him. The Sanitarium work grew from simple quarters heated

with coal stoves and lighted with kerosene lamps, step by step,

until, today, two hundred patients can be accommodated in

modern rooms with modern equipment.

There are eight doctors and two residents on the inside

staff and seventy-five nurses in training.

The Food Factory was purchased in 1917 and moved from

near Amqui, a nearby community, to its present location. The

principal foods manufactured are protein foods, made from

gluten, soy beans, and peanuts. These serve as substitutes

for meat in the diet of vegetarians. Both the College and

the Sanitarium hold to a vegetarian diet,,,no meat being served

on the campus. This is a health principle and not a religious

principle as many are apt to think.

This chapter tells something of the vegetarian cafeteria

work in Nashville and the hydropathic treatment rooms also

in Nashville.

Chapter six is entitled "The A-B-C of Education." This

title comes from a reference made by Mrs. Ellen G. White, in

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her writings, to the subject of agriculture. She believed and

instructed that agriculture should be basic to all other

studies. In harmony with this instruction, Madison was

founded away from the city on a large farm. The courses in

agriculture have always found a place in the curriculum. The

two outstanding features of the farm are the dairy and the

Ridgetop fruit farm with over three thousand apple and peach

trees. Poultry is also a dominant agricultural industry.

Chapter seven is entitled "The Institutional Plant."

This chapter shows the enlargement of the farm from the

original four hundred twelve acres to the eight hundred

sixteen acres of today. The chapter also shows the development

of the building program. From the original cottage plan the

institution has advanced step by step until today there are

two large dormitories in addition to four large school buildings.

There is a large food factory building and a large sanitarium

composed of many buildings connected by covered passage rays.

The Sanitarium, which is of Spanish architecture, is finished

in rough white stucco. Madison is a place that is continually

building. Because the institution has had to depend upon

friends fbr funds with which to build, there has been a lack

of an overall plan, and the place has grown like "Topsy."

In spite of this fact, one marvels as he stands and gazes

upon that which has been wrought upon the Madison campus.

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Following the seven chapters is an Appendix which

contains a copy of the Charter; a chronology of events; a

list of the faculty members through the years; and a list

of all of the graduates of the institution.

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 THE HISTORY OF MADISON COLTRGE

BY

WILLIAM CRUZAN SANDBORN

MASTER. OF ARTS

GEORGE PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

SUBMITTFn IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

DOCTOR OF EDUCATION

IN THE

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

OF THE

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

GEORGE PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

AUGUST 1953

APPROVED:

MAJOR PROFESSOR: W. H. Vaughan

SECOND READER: Harold Benjamin

Felj C. Robb
DEAN OF INSTRUCTION

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was made possible through the generous

cooperation and contributions of two of the living founders

of Madison College: Edward A. Sutherland, M. D., founder

and first president, and Miss M. Bessie DeGraw, co-founder

and Professor Emeritus of Education. Grateful acknowledgement

is accorded also to the many faculty members, workers, and

former students who through the years have had a definite part

in shaping the history and destiny of the college.

The deepest appreciation is extended to Dr. W. H. Vaughan,

under whose direction this study was developed. His kind

and considerate manner, his understanding attitude, and his

helpful suggestions were a great source of encouragement.

Much credit is due to the writer's wife, Helen Deal Sandborn,

and to his children, Billy and Mary Lou, for their enduring

patience and their ever-present words of encouragement.

14 C. S.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page

I. FROM BATTLE CREEK TO MADISON ..... . it 1

II. YEARS OF FAITH, WORK., AND FRUGALITY. .... 26

III. THE SCHOOL PROGRAM IP .. * . IP 0 49

IV. SCHOOLS FOR MEN OF THE MOUNTAINS .. 88

V. THE GOSPEL OF HEALTHFUL LIVING 107
VI. THE A.B.C. OF EDUCATION. . . 128

VII. THE INSTITUTIONAL PLANT 142

APPENDIX 162
Charter 163
Chronology 168
List of Graduates. P . 0 . 184
BIBLIOGRAPHY 197

iii

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 CHAPTER 1

FROM BATTLE CREEK TO MADISON

Every great achievement in life is the result of much

forethought and a great deal of planning and hard work. Also,

we might add that many men attribute much of their success to

lives of prayer and faith. Many great structures and many

outstanding institutions stand today as monuments to men who

believed in prayer and who exercised faith along with hard

work and foresight.

Edward A. Sutherland M. D., eightyeight years "young,'t

stands today as a stalwart example of how one man can set in

motion a great educational movement that knows no bounds.

Professor Sutherland, as he was known in the late nineties,

became the president of Battle Creek College (Michigan) in

February, 1897. 'While in Battle Creek he became acquainted

with the late Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, the founder and operator

of the famous Battle Creek Sanitarium. From Dr. Kellogg he

learned some outstanding and basic principles of healthful

living, yet these were not the only principles that

Professor Sutherland learned. He also learned from experience

that the older and classical schools were not preparing people

both to live and to earn a liviing. He believed that students

must be taught to be selfsupporting. He arrived at these

conclusions from observation, from assiduously studying the .

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history of Oberlin College, and from a deep inner conviction.

Professor Sutherland found that he could not carry out

these new and cherished principles with Battle Creek College

located in the midst of a thickly populated city. So, the

only thing to do was to move the college out into the country.

A beautiful site was selected on the banks of old St. Joe

River in Berrien County, Michigan. The movable assets of

Battle Creek College were loaded into sixteen box cars, and .

the college was literally moved to its new location where it

Was given the new name of Emmanuel Missionary College. Tents

were pitched, and classes were held in the open under the

trees and in the old county jail until permanent buildings

could be erected, The students and faculty joined hand in

hand to build a new college from the ground up. Summer school
1
opened in July, 1901 with an enrollment of two hundred.

It was during this time that Professor Sutherland chanced

one day to be walking with his friend Dr. David Paulson on

the campmeeting ground in Michigan. Professor Sutherland

later related this experience:

With my friend, Dr. David Paulson, I was visit-

ing a meeting attended by a large number of young
people who desired to enter college. In the course
of the day we had met, among others, many who could
not finance a college course. These were bright young .

l. Verified by Miss DeGraw, a member of the faculty.

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 people with promising futures, but because of
circumstances over which they had no control,
they were denied the longed-for privilege of
an education.

Perplexed by the situation, Dr. Paulson and

I retired to a secluded spot for counsel and
prayer. Finally he spoke. TIf I were in your
place I would establish a school whose doors
would swing open to any young man or woman of
worthy character who is willing to work for his
expenses. I would never turn away one who had the
loVe of an education and the courage to work for
it. You ought to have a large tract of land and
provide facilities for student self-support.2

Other influences were beginning to play upon

Professor Sutherland. Both Battle Creek College and its

successor, Emmanuel Missionary College, were owned and opera-

ted by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The Church had rec-

ognized a "prophet" in the person of Ellen G. Vhite since the

middle of the nineteenth century. She reported she had had

visions from God shortly after the great religious awakening

led by William Miller in 1844.3 Her writings had been a

directing influence in the lives of all Seventh-day Adventists

since the founding of the Church. She was a frail girl with

a limited education, yet she instituted reforms in health

and education in the Seventh-day Adventist Church which appear

to have been years in advance of the general thinking of

that time. Hrs. White had a great molding influence upon

2.., Madison Survey, May 9, 1934)p. 53.

3. Ellen G. White, Early Writings (Washington, D. C..:
Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1941), pp. 13-20.

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the life and:wrk of Professor Sutherland.

Closely associated with Professor Sutherland in his

work at Emmanuel Missionary College was Professor Percy T. Magan.

Both of these men had a deep interest in and a concern for

the people of the hill country of the South. Both looked

forward to the day when they might do something for these

people. Professor Magan wrote concerning their interest:

The stirring testimonies on the needs of the

work in the South, that came about 1894 and 1895,
created in the hearts of many of Godvs people a
desire to assist in the development of this line
of work. In 1897 some of us at the Battle Creek
College were permitted to cooperate in a small
way with a few of the Southern workers who had
responded to these appeals and gone to that field
in person. As we came more and more in contact
with the needs of this field)our interest grew;
and when, in 1904, the way opened for us to devote
our entire time and strength to the work ii the
South, we gladly accepted the opportunity.

Edson White, the son of Mrs. E. G. White, was also

greatly concerned for the poorer people in the South,

especially the colored race. He was already actively

engaged in mission work among the colored and in a small

way was carrying on a publishing work in Nashville, Tennessee)

When Professors Sutherland and Magan decided to come South.

Edson White had built a boat in Allegan, Michigan, and had

named it the Morning Star. He sailed it down the Kalamazoo

4. Percy T. Magan, "Inception and Development)" The

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute (Mountain View)
California: Pacific Press Publishing Company, 1908),,p. 7.

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River to Lake Michigan, across to Chicago, and then through

the Chicago Canal to the Illinois River. He continued down

the Mississippi, up the Ohio and Cumberland Rivers to

Nashville. He had been arrested in Mississippi for not

having a pilot's license but was let off by the Judge when

the nature of his work became known. As soon as he became

acquainted with the rivers he was granted a pilot's license.

He accomplished a great work among the colored race:

especially in Mississippi, and as a consequence approximately

fifty schools for the colored were. established. He published

the simplest kinds of books that the colored people could

buy and read. Many a colored preacher took his sermons from the

Gospel Primer because he could not read the Bible. This

publishing work was the forerunner of the Southern Publishing

Association.
5
Professors Magan and Sutherland had made numerous visits

South to see and help Edson White in his work. These visits

added greatly to their desire to come South and to establish

a small school somewhere back in the hills. Their intention

was to work directly with the people in the hills; however:

fate seems to have dictated otherwise. Time has proved

that their real mission was to train teachers and prepare

5. Lecture by Dr. Floyd Bralliar to the Madison College

Orientation Class, January 21, 1945

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to send them out to work in many places among the hill

people.

Professors Sutherland and Magan came South early in June

of 1904 with the intention of looking for a suitable location

in either East Tennessee or the Carolinas. Mrs. E. G. White,

who was in Nashville at the time visiting her son Edson, sent

for Sutherland and Magan to come to discuss their plans with

her. Mrs. White, the "Prophetl". spoke thus concerning their

plans

In connection with the work in Nashville, I wish

to speak of the school work that Brethren Sutherland
and Maganare planning to dp. I was surprised when,
in speaking of the work they wished to do in the
South, they spoke of establishing a school in some
place a long way from Nashville. From the light
given me, I knew that this would not be the right
thing to do, and I told them so. The work that
these brethren can do, becpuse of the experience
gained at Berrien Springs is to be carried on
within easy access of Nashville; for Nashville has
not yet been worked as it should be. And it will
be a great blessing to the workers in the school
to be near enough to Nashville to be able to counsel
with the workers here.?

As a consequence of the advice given by Mrs. White, the

two men spent about six weeks driving in all directions from

Nashville, looking for a suitable location for a school.

They searched everywhere and finally they did not know where

6. Berrien Springs, Michigan, was the location of

Emmanuel Missionary College.
7. Ellen G. White, "The Purchase of a Property," The
Madison School, (Mountain View, California; Pacific Press
Publishing Company, 1908), p. 8

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to turn next. They had to find a location where they could

make a living and the place had to be cheap, for they had

no money. When they would go fifteen or twenty miles from

Nashville, Mrs. White would tell them that they were not to

go that far. In the meantime Edson White had reconditioned

his boat, the Morning Star, and it seemed to be in better

running shape than it had ever been. He persuaded his

mother to accompany him on a trip up the Cumberland River

so that she could see firsthand some of the conditions of

poverty and hardship that she had been writing about. She

invited Sutherland and Magan to accompany her, with the

idea in mind that perhaps they would find a suitable

8
location for their school.

At 2800 p.m. on a beautiful day in the early part of

June, 1904, the Morning Star lifted its anchor and slowly

eased from its moorings as its prow swung upstream. Professor

Sutherland probably never would have undertaken the journey

had he know what was in store for him. The boat broke

down and came to anchor at the head of an island on Neely's

Bend, at Larkin Springs, just above what is now the Madison

College farm. The boat was towed over to the bank of the

mainland so that repairs could be made. It appeared that the

8. Bralliarl op. cit.

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repairs would not take long; so Mrs. White and W. Palmer

went ashore to look around. They saw a farm overgrown with

brush, full of gullies, and in general pretty well rundawn.

After looking over the farm, Mrs. White returned to the boat,

and said to Sutherland and Magan nThis looks like a place I

have seen in vision:' She then advised the men to establish

their school on that farm. They found it hard to accept this

advice for everytning that they saw was displeasing. The next

day she called the men to her cabin and told them that the

Lord had again shown her that He would have a school on that

farm. Again dismay and disbelief covered the countenances of

the two men. A third time Mrs. White conveyed the same

instruction to the two men. The following statements made

by Mrs. White in 1908 and 1909 bear out the authenticity of

the foregoing statements which have been repeated publicly

on many occasions by Dr. E. A. Sutherland, who was present

at the time:9

It is in harmony with the leadings of Godts

Spirit that Brethren Sutherland and Magan and their
associates have begun a work at Madison. The Lord
guided them in the selection of a location for the
school. Had a small sanitarium been established
in connection with the school, this would have been
in the order of God; and these two institutions would
have been a mutual help. This has not yet been done,
but our brethren in Madison need not be discouraged. 10

9. Related to the writer by Dr. E. A. Sutherland.

10. Letter to the Southern Union Conference Committee
from Ellen G. White, Sanitarium, California, February 2L, 1907.

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When I first visited Madison, about five

years ago, and looked over this school property,
I told those who were with me, that in appearance
it was similar to one of the places that had been
presented before me in vision during the night
season.11

The name Morning Star was indeed a fitting term for the

boat upon which these educational pioneers had embarked, for

these educational leaders became "morning stars" of an educa-

tional reform in the Seventh-day Adventist Denomination.

While on this river journey Mrs. white wrote the following

letter:

We are returning from our trip up the river

to look for land suitable for school work. We
went from Nashville to Carthage, a distance of
about one-hundred and seventy miles by the river
and seventy-eight miles by rail. We looked at
several places; but the fertile land up the
river is altogether too high in price for us to
think of purchasing for school purposes.

Tomorrow morning we shall reach Edgefield

Junction, which is only twelve miles from Nashville.
Ye shall stay there for the rest of the day; for
we wish to visit a farm which is for sale at
Madison, about nine miles from Nashville, and
two and a half miles from the railway. It is
said that this farm contains nearly one hundred
acres of good bottom land, more than one hundred
acres of second quality agricultural land suitable
for grain and fruit, and about two hundred acres
of pasture land. We think that it can be purm'
chased for about twelve thousand dollars. It is
said that there is on it over two thousand dollars'
worth of stock and farm implements. I desire to

il. A talk by Mrs. E. G. White to faculty and students

of Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, Madison, Tennessee,
April 26, 1909, published in pamphlet form "Words of Encouragement
to Self-Supporting Worker.m p. 11.

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 10

look at this farm, and if it be the will of

the Lord, I shall do so to-morrow afternoon.
The farm has a roomy house, barns, and other
buildings, and two and a half miles of good
stone fence. Considering its advantages, its
price is less than anythin else we have seen
in this part of Tennessee.-2

Mrs. White hired a carriage and drove over the farm.

Still very much impressed with its possibilities, she invited

the Conference brethren out, and several parties tramped over

the place inspecting every part of the farm. The more they

looked over it the more she declared that it was a beautiful

place and the spot where the institution should be founded,

and the more Professors Sutherland and Magan became down-

hearted. There was a large pile of rocks near where the

Scott house is located today. Loads of rocks had been piled

up there through the years. "The nBoysI n as they were often

endearingly spoken of by some close to them but older and

wiser in years, had to make a decision. Here they stood

by the rock pile, discouraged, for they were just as sure

that this was not the place as Mrs. White was sure that it

was the right place. Torn between their own personal feelings

and the instruction of Mrs. White, they sat down on the pile

of rocks to think the situation through. Finally Professor

Sutherland said to Professor Magan, ItPercy, you know that we

12. Letter to A. G. Daniells, Washington, D. C., from

Mrs. E. G. White, written on board Morning Star on the
Cumberland River, June 13, 1904.

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 11

have claimed that we believe in the 'Spirit of Prophecy' and

we have always believed in what Sister White has said. We

must either accept this place or we might just as well give

up being Seventh-day Adventists and refuse the propheCies.

We have come to the parting of the ways. Things have got to

be settled.". They talked over some other incidents wherein

others had refused to accept her word, and they knew the con-

sequences that had followed. They could not refuse; so they

stood up and shook hands en the matter and settled it that they

were going ahead with the help of God and do what He told them

to do. They told Mrs. White of their decision and she was

much pleased.13

After counseling together and with. Mrs. white, the men

decided to go to see about purchasing the place. The farm,

known as the Nelson Place, and at that time owned by a

Mr. Ferguson, was located ten miles from Nashville and approxi-

mately two and one-half miles from the village of Madison in

a bend of the Cumberland River known as Neely's Bend.

Mr. Ferguson looked the prospective purchasers over and

decided, that being Yankees, he would set a good stiff price

and make them take all the stock and equipment too. An agree-

ment was finally reached and a small amount of money deposited

13. Bralliar, op. cit. The conversation was verified

by Dr. B. A. Sutherland.

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 12

to hold the property for a short period of time until the

down payment could be made. This deposit took just about

all the cash that Magan Sutherland, and one or two others

had. Dr. Bralliar quotes Mrs. White as saying to Magan and

Sutherland:

Now I want you to know that I have been

shown how this school should be organised. It
is not to be organized like our older schools,
neither owned or controlled like them. I want
you, Professor Magan, to 'go with me, and we will
get hold of an attorney and we till get him to
draw up the papers and take it to the state
authorities and get the institution incorporated,
and I will stay here until we get that done and
then I will go to California.

I want you, Professor Sutherland, to go

North and see if you can get enough money to
make the first payment on this place (about $1,000)
and we will attend to the organization down here.

Dr. Sutherland went North to Berrien Springs

and worked for about a week without any success.
He then went to his aunt, Nellie Druillard, and
told her that Mrs. White had sent him to see her.
He described the place they had found and asked
her for the money to make the first payment.
She reminded him that she had agreed to pay,
provided they find some cheap mountain land. They
had bought more expensive land, she told them, and
now they could get themselves out of the situation.

Professor Sutherland made other contacts but

without success. After about ten days without
success he hardly knew there to turn next, for,
if he did not raise the money quickly, they would
lose all of the money that they had deposited.
He went back to see Mrs. Druillard, who finally
consented to return to Tennessee with him to
look over the farm.

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 13

Mrs. Druillard, who had been one of

Mrs. White's secretaries and had lived in her
home for a number of years, was an outstanding
financier and had some funds of her own. When
"Mother D," as Mrs. Druillard was affedtionately
called, arrived, Mrs. White told her of the
farm which the "Boys" did not have enough money
to buy, and said that she wanted her to come down
to Tennessee and lend a hand in helping to get
things started. Mother D objected strenuously,
saying that she was an old woman who had just
buried her husband and that her work was done.

Mrs. White said to Mrs. Druillard, 'The

Lord has shown me that if you uill come down
to Madison and take hold of that work as I have
asked you to, He will renew your youth and you
will live to see the school a success.'

Naturally she could do nothing but respond

favorably. Mrs. Druillard gave :.5,000 to
Professor Sutherland to pay on the property.
She joined the work at the age of sixty years
and the Lord blessed her with thirty-one more
years of life, of which thirty years were given
to faithful service.l)t

Mrs. Druillard was asked in 1920 to give her first im-

pression of Madison. Her first impression substantiates

some of the foregoing statements:

My first sight of Madison was on a very

warm day in June, 1904. While the trees, the
hills, and the sky were pleasing to the eye,
the whole farm reminded me of the wilderness
or a desert. Nothing could I see but stones
and buck brush. Hogs, ducks, chickens, and
calves had taken the grass from the dooryard,
roots and all. The rain had washed large or
small gulleys here and there, in places leaving

14. Related by Dr. E. A. Sutherland to the writer.

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twenty feet of bare stone, reflecting the

sun's rays and increasing the temperature.
The ground looked hard and dry like broken
bats. There were no flowers, no garden, no
fit buildings, and as the darky said, No
nothin.! An old log barn stood near the
entrance, from which arose a peculiar odor
and swarms of flies.

I asked Professor Magan if, for one

minute, he thought we should locate in such
a place. He smiled, but with tears in his
eyes said, !I donIt know. Ask Ed.' my whole
being rebelled, and I did not fail to tell
both Ed and Percy that I thought neither of
them had any gumption. Nor did I change my
mind until I was told that, if I would give
my time, my talent, and my means to help
establish a school in this place and on this
farm, God would give me the privilege of doing
so, and that I should live to see the work a
success.15

During the absence of Professor Sutherland the Fergusons

had a change of heart. It seems that Mrs. Ferguson had not

been consulted on the earlier deal and she would not consent

to selling unless the price was increased by `;j,000. When

Sutherland returned he was met by Magan who said, "Ed the

jig is up, and the old lady wants a thousand dollars more." When

Mrs. White and Mother D were told, the response of Mother D

was, "Now we don't have to buy the old worn-out farm." Mrs.

White was quick to reply that they should buy it.16

15. Madison Survey, March 2)4, 1920, p. 2.

16. The conversation was verified by Dr. E. A. Sutherland

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 15

The farm was purchased for 312,723, and the purchasers

asked Elder and Mrs. S. N. Haskell to act as trustees until

a corporation could be perfected. The type of organization

was decided upon and incorporated under the "General Welfare

Act" of the State of Tennessee. Elder and Mrs. S. N. Haskell

turned the trusteeship over to the new corporation in the

fall of 1904.17
The group returned to Berrien Springs to lay their plans

to occupy the place at a later date. Although purchased in

June, full occupancy was not gained until October.

Elmer E. Brink was the first of the school group to

settle on the place. He left Berrien Springs in midsummer

and came down with two students to look after the dairy herd

and other interests until school opened in the fall. The

owner did not offer them a place in the house; so they slept

upstairs over the carriage house in what had formerly been

the servants' quarters. These quarters became the home of

many new students as they were introduced to Madison and were

later very appropriately christened "Probation Hall." 18

The Board of Trustees held their first meeting at

Berrien Springs, Michigan, on July 4, 1904, and the minutes

are quoted verbatim as follows:

17. Percy T. Magan, op. cit., pp. 9-10. Charter of

Incorporation listed in Appendix.
18. Madison Survey, November 1, 1922, p. 4.

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 16

MINUTES OF THE FIRST MEETING OF THE

INCORPORATORS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE

NASHVILLE AGRICULTURAL AND NORMAL SCHOOL

Held Monday, July 4, 1904, at 9:00 o'clock, in

the Correspondence Room, Study Hall, Emmanuel
Missionary College.

PRESENT: E. A. Sutherland, P. T. Magan

Mrs. Druillard, Miss M. Bessie De Graw. The
meeting was called to order by Professor Sutherland.
Miss De Graw was asked to act as secretary.

BOARD OF OWNERS. I. An incorporated Board

of Owners must be composed of at least five
members. These are as follows: E. A. Sutherland,
P. T. Magan, Mrs. Druillard, Miss DeGraw, Elder
S. N. Haskell. The members present proceeded
to organize, and it was VOTED that P. T. Magan
act as President, Mrs. Druillard, Treasurer,
and Miss De Graw, Secretary.

BOARD OF MANAGERS: II. The Board of

Managers, known as the second Board, should be
composed of Seventh-day Adventists. Sister White
had been asked to become a member of this Board.
Sister Druillard was asked to write Sister White,
and the names of the following individuals were
suggested as members of this Board: The members
of the Board of Owners, Elder George I. Butler,
N. W. Allen, Mrs. Haskell, C. F. Alden, George Alcorn,
J. E. White, Mrs. E. G. White, if she will consent to
act.

SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY. BOARD III.

As the nucleus for the educational society which shall
be interested in the schools which may be started
in the South, the following suggestions were made:
S. N. Haskell, President, J. E. Tenney, the
members of Board No. I, the members of Board
No. II, the officers of the Southern Union Conference,
and all educators in the Southern Union Conference.

OBJECT. The object of this society shall

be to study educational questions, and to propogate

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 17

these principles of Christian education especially

in the South. It is the idea that in case Board
No. I should disintegrate all Board property
shall fall into the hands of the Southern
Educational Society,

OWNERSHIP. It was thought by all present

that property should be divided into shares
which would regulate the number of votes.
WITHDRAW, Any owner will be allowed to with-
draw what he has put into the institution only
with the consent of all the other members.

BUILDING. It will be necessary to erect

buildings to be occupied by teachers and workers,
and the plan suggested was that all buildings
should be owned by the school. Money put into
the buildings by the owners will be a donation
to the plant. When the money for building is
raised by the owners, interest will be paid by
the institution, and an amount equivalent to
this interest will be charged as rent.

FACULTY AND WORKERS, As a nucleus for

beginning the work the following names were
suggested: E. A. Sutherland, P. T. Magan,
Mrs. Druillard, Miss De Graw, G. F. Alden,
0. A. Wolcott, C, D. Kinsman, E. E. Brink,
A. M. Watson, Olive Siemann, Mable Noggle,
Louise Abbegg, R. O. Dickson and wife,
Laura Ashton, Cora Shaw, Terry Beeler,
Reent Bruns, George Alcorn, Isaac Alcorn,
Jennie Persons.

BOARD. All members of the school shall, to

begin with at least, board in a common dining-
room. It was thought best to serve meals at
first on the American plan, and to depend as
largely as possible upon the farm for supplies..

WORK, The work in the institution shall be

done by teachers and students. It will be im-
possible to pay salaries in cash at least during
the first year except as money may be made by
the institution, All connected with the institution
must get board, room, and laundry. TUITION. The
discussion of the tuition question led to a VOTE
that the school should offer free tuition to all

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 18

who are considered capable of entering the

school. The free tuition includes all sub-
jects, no distinction being made between
intellectual subjects and the industries -
music, etc. Students should be taught that
they are everlastingly in debt to the insti-
tution which gives them free tuition.

TWO HOUR LABOR. There was considerable

discussion on the question of two hour labor.
It was finally thought best to begin on this
plan, believing that matters will adjust them-
selves as the situation is met. Concerning
the wages for students the idea was advanced
that the rate would be somewhat lower than
at Emmanuel Missionary College. Students should
be paid about what would be paid workmen who
could be obtained from the surrounding country.

LIBRARY. Those Who at first connect with

the school will be expected to allow the school
to use their books, furniture, etc. An estimate-
will be placed upon their value, and credit
given for the same on the school books.

CALENDAR. It was thought that the school

should open in the fall. Professor Sutherland
and Miss De Graw were asked to get out a simple
calendar which should describe briefly the work
of the institution and its plan of operation.
This was to be printed by the Advocate Publishing
Company.

CHARTER. The charter should make mention

of the following facts: The school is for white
students of both sexes, controlled by Seventh-day
Adventists in harmony with the educational reform
taught by the Spirit of Prophecy.

NAME. It was thought that the name of the

institution should be the Nashville Agricultural
and Normal School.

FURNISHING. It was suggested that a request

be made to the Executive Board of Emmanuel Missionary
College for one microscope, for such tables as they

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 19

can spare, for a few blankets, and that Mr. Alcorn

be asked to can a quantity of fruit for the new
school; only the actual charge of canning being made.

ADJOURNED

P. T. Magan, Chairman.

M. Bessie De Graw Secretary.19

One should understand the relationship of the two Boards

and their supporting organizations in order to understand

better the functions of the two. The Board of Trustees often

referred to as the Board of Owners was elected by a constitu-

ency that was set up with the organization. This Board was

the legal officer of the corporation whose duty was to guard

the interests of the property. It did no other business than

that required by law and turned over to the Board of Managers

the responsibility of operating the institution. The patrons

elected the Board of Managers. The patrons were those who had

paid 025.00 or more into the corporation as a donation and

who asked for membership and were accorded that membership

by vote of the constituency. 20

This sturdy band of pioneers was made up of Professor

Sutherland and Mrs. Sutherland with baby Joe, Professor Magan,

Mrs. Druillard, Miss M. B. De Graw, Elmer Brink, and eleven

students.

19. Minutes of the first meeting of the Incorporators of

the Board of Trustees, July 4, 1904
20. PresidentTs report to the Constituency of the Nashville
Agricultural and Normal Institute, December 6, 1916.

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 20.

When we think of a college today we are prone to think

of a large campus with many large brick and stone edifices

with marble corridors. Not so, however, with the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute. It was on a farm, ten

miles from a city. Life was very simple at first, use being

made of the old log plantation house for living quarters and

for classes until other buildings could be constructed.

These pioneers in this educational project were not backed

by any organization or any endowment. They worked with their

hands, using what funds were given by friends, and built

their first buildings, humble two-room and four-room cottages

for student homes. Teachers worked side by side with students

in building, farming, and whatever else needed to be done.

Professor Magan was the farm manager, and Professor Sutherland

was the president and general manager of the school. One

of the official responsibilities of President Sutherland was

to churn the cream and prepare the butter for market. Miss De Graw

would don her white gloves and drive the old mule to town,

carrying the butter and eggs to market. One can imagine her

consternation on one occasion when she discovered to her dismay

that some of the college boys had not only greased the buggy,

but the reins of the harness as well. Life was simple in

those days; they used planks for tables and dry goods boxes

for chairs. They had no steam heat, no electricity, no

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 21

expensive equipment, and no fancy foods. Thus we get a pic-

ture of the setting where these sturdy pioneers received

their preparation for the great work before them.

At the annual dinner held in November, 1934)Professor

Arthur W. Spalding recited the following verses that aptly

describe the spirit and experiences of the founders. They

were happy in their enterprise and rejoiced in their privations.

Why came they here, this little band?

What sought they in this clime?
Were they so greedy of the land?
Or hoped they jewels to mine?

No; they with faith and hope were filled;

They saw a kingdom great
Of minds and souls that should be built
Upon their low estate.

One thrilling call alone they heard,

One mission could afford;
They knew one faith: the Master's word,
"Not greater than your Lordl"

They came to minister His grace,

To serve, and not be served,
And in the vision of His face
Receive all they deserved.

They were content to serve with hands

Where service most must be,
And by that service bind the bands
Of human destiny.

We who came after speak their praise,

But better by our deeds,
If we their monument shall raise
By serving others' needs.

Full thirty cycling suns have set

Upon this growing tree:
Now in its pride let none forget
What made that growth to be.

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 22

Lowly in greatness let us be,

As were our pioneers,
And with their vision that can see
Down through the growing years.21

Two factors must be borne in mind when thinking of the

material that has been presented concerning the early experiences

in the founding of the Madison School. The first factor

is that the material written is not for the purpose of

eulogizing the founders. We must recognize that they were

men subject to like mistakes as we are today. Recorded

accounts have the tendency to give us more information on

the good side of the ledger, and these good accounts tend

to overshadow the mistakes. These two men had their faults

and make their mistakes.

One of the greatest evidences of this is the fact that

they were not in too good a standing with the officials of

the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists when they

left Emmanuel Missionary College and came South. Before that

time Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, the head of the Battle Creek

Sanitarium, had written a book containing information con-

trary to the teachings of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

The book was rejected by the denomination and Dr. Kellogg

later withdrew from the denomination. Professor Sutherland

had been a very close friend of Dr. Kellogg and was looked

21. Madison Survey, November 28, 193)4, p. 162

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 23

upon with suspicion by the leaders of the denomination.22

Professor Sutherland was also a reformer in certain

respects concerning education and health. He had the tendency

to push his reforms too rapidly and too independently and thus

incurred the ill will of some denominational brethren.23

Three experiences might be considered examples of this. One

was the instituting of a vegetarian diet in Rattle Creek

College, and another was the ploughing up of the Battle Creek

Athletic field and planting it to vegetables. The third and

probably the most important was the moving of Battle Creek

College out of the city onto a farm in Berrien County, Michigan.

The following quotation from a letter written by

Mrs. E. G. White to some of the denominational leaders indicates

that Professor Sutherland and Professor Magan had made some

mistakes:

Brethren Sutherland and Magan have had a

severe lesson in the past. The Lord sent them
correction and instruction, and they received
the message from the Lord, and made confession. .

When I was in Washington (August, 1904),

I entreated Brethren Sutherland and Magan to
believe that God had forgiven their mistakes,
and I have since tried by my help and encourage-
ment to have them realize that the Lord had
placed theM on vantage-ground.24

22. Related by Dr. E. A. Sutherland

23. Conclusions reached as a result of conversation with
Dr. E. A. Sutherland.
24. Ellen G. White, Special Testimonies, Series B,
No. 11, The Madison School (Mountain View, California:
Pacific Press Publishing Company, 1908), p. 21.

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 24

Dr. Sutherland stated to the writer, that the mistake

referred to was concerning his resignation at Emmanuel.

Missionary College. It seems that after the Battle Creek

Sanitarium burned, Mrs. White advised decentralization of

the institution. Dr. Kellogg was favorable and Professor

Sutherland supported him in the plan. The General Conference

men under the leadership of A. G. Danniells their president,

voted to rebuild at Battle Creek. Later at a General

Conference Council at Emmanuel Missionary College in the

Spring of 1904, plans were developed to replace Professor

Sutherland as President of Emmanuel Missionary College.

Professor Sutherland was completely in the dark as to the

plans until a personal friend, an Elder Covert, came and told

him what was being planned. Professor Sutherland stood up in

the Council and said that he probably was the cause of the

spirit of unrest that was evident in the Council and that he

was offering his resignation. He further stated that he had

a desire to go South and that he had talked his plans over

with Mrs. White and she was favorable. The injection of the

resignation into the Council created a furore, and later

Mrs. White told Dr. Sutherland that he had made a serious

mistake.

The second factor is that one of the founders and a

co-laborer are still living. This fact lends authenticity

to the record but might haVe the tendency to color the

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 25

picture too much. With this in mind every effort has been

expended to render an unbiased report.

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 CHAPTER II

YEARS OF FAITH, WORK, AND FRUGALITY

The band of pioneers that founded Madison came not as

seekers of fame and fortune, but rather as teachers of a

better way of life. They came not seeking a farm with rich

alluvial soil where nature almost unaided could produce

luxurious cropsj but rather they chose a worn-out, run-down,

brush-covered, eroded farm where man and nature would have

to pull together to gain the bounties of the soil. They

came to minister to the poor; so it was necessary to dem-

onstrate what could be done with the most meager of equipment

and circumstances. These men and women were courageous and

determined to succeed. They were both missionaries and

teachers, and a more zealous group would have been hard to

find. Mrs. E. G. White buoyed them up by her own faith and

special messages:
r

The Lord has helped you in the selection

of the location for the school, and as you
continue to work under the guidance of the
Holy Spirit, your efforts will be successful.
The Lord will give you spirit and life, if
you will not permit yourselves to become
discouraged.1

1.. Ellen G. White, "Laboring in Unity and Faith,"

Special Testimonies, Series B., No. 11, The Madison School
Madison College, Tennessee: Madison College Press, 1946),
p. 18.

26

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 27

In the South, there are difficulties that

must be met, But some people are saying we
are well able to go up. Agricultural conditions
have been hard because of the lack of intelligent
cultivation. With faith and intelligence this
land can be redeemed. The promise, concerning
this very section, is that the wilderness shall
blossom as the rose.2

The Lord desires the desert places of the

South, where the outlook appears so forbidding,
to become as the garden of God.3

With these words of encouragement the early pioneers

launched forth on their first year of activity. The

facilities were meager and they lived under extreme hard-

ships. The old Plantation House served many purposes. It

was built, about 1800, of red cedar logs. Sometime near the

end of the nineteenth century, the outside was covered with

siding and the inside was plastered. This gave it the

appearance of a typical Southern mansion with a wide front

veranda, It served as a school room and meeting place in

the daytime and as sleeping quarters at night, until other

facilities were constructed, The carriage house, "Probation

Hall," as it was early renamed, was filled to overflowing

with workers and students. Anyone who had the privilege of

living in Probation Hall can consider it a distinct honor

2. Ellen Go White, Words of Encouragement to Self-

Supporting Workers, (Madison, Tennessee: Madison College
Press, 194177p. 32.

3. White, op, cit, p.26

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 28

and should wear a badge today designating his participation

in the rigors of pioneer life. The president and founder,

Professor E. A. Sutherland, spent the early days of his life

at Madison as an occupant of Probation Hall. The experience

did something to those early pioneers of Madison. They

learned what it meant to sacrifice, and the experience had

a molding influence in helping them to learn how to accomplish

much, even though they had little with which to work. It

taught them that they could work without the latest and most

modern equipment and supplies. People who came later, found

housing ready for them; as a result, they did not have to

sacrifice and were inclined to be more demanding.

The first years were busy ones. Students and teachers

worked side by side. The program was from early in the

morning until late at night. Miss DeGraw had charge of the

Poultry Department. Young women cared for the poultry and

gathered the eggs. Mr. Elmer Brink looked after the cows,

and with young men did the milking. In addition to being

president and teacher, Professor E. A. Sutherland churned

the cream and made the butter in a little shack behind the

old Plantation House. Miss DeGraw drove the carriage and

took the eggs and butter to market. Everyone was busy, for

their very livelihood, and the existence of the School,

depended upon the food and crops raised on the farm and in

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the gardens. Morning and evening they gathered in the old

Plantation House, sitting around the fireplace as they

listened to Professor Sutherland explain the principles of

Christian education. There, too, they knelt in prayer as

they opened their hearts in thanks to their Heavenly Father

for His bountiful blessings to them and for His watch-care

over them.

One of the earliest problems studied was concerning

the type of buildings that should be constructed. Should

they be large buildings, expensively equipped, should they

be of medieval style, or should they be monuments to the

new type of education that was in the pangs of birth, fitting

harmoniously into the rural simplicity of the surroundings?

It was decided to build small, simple, inexpensive, yet neat

and substantial buildings. They would be erected by teachers

and students working side by side. The cottage plan was

adopted and the buildings were constructed cottage by cottage

as rapidly as the need arose. Some were two-room cottages,

and some were four-room cottages with two students to the

room. The students in each cottage became a self-governing

group. Choosing one in their cottage to be a sort of

monitor, they all co-operated to maintain order and discipline.

They took care of the grounds and shrubbery around their

cottage, just as if it were their own home. Thus, they

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learned valuable lessons in self-government from this plan

of living, as they learned valuable lessons in self-support

from having the privilege of working for their education.

It may be well to say that the inspiration

for this digression from the ordinary form of
college architecture came from a study of
Thomas Jeffersonfs plans for the University
of Virginia, a style of architecture which he
considered a consistent accompaniment of student
self-government, self-support, and democracy.4
The early spirit of the Madison students can be per-

sonified by what the young man in the following parody on

the Bible story of the "Rich Young Ruler" found, as he

came to Madison.

A young man visited Madison to look over the

place, with the idea of entering the school. He
stated that he wanted an education and that he
was prepared to pay for it. He wanted to work as
little as possible, and to spend most of his time
in study. When asked if he expected to do his
own washing, he replied that he would pay to have
that done.

"What about your meals?" Surprised at the

question he answered, "I will buy them at the
school dining room."

"But there is not money enough to hire any

of our women to cook and wash for boarders.
Everyone who lives at Madison is a member of
the school family and every member works. Each
endeavors to be a producer, and not merely a con-
sumer. The girl who cooks the meals expects the
man who eats them to provide the farm produce,

L. Edward A. Sutherland, A New Type of Community School

for the South Atlantic Highlands,TTadison, Tennessee: The
Rural School Press, 1917), p. 9.

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 31

to milk the cows, and to build the houses and

roads. In the training of workers, Madison
considers these duties as important as book
study."

When the young man heard that saying he

went away sorrowfu1,5

Self-government was one of the foundation principles of

Madison from its very beginning. The school family was

organized on the basis that the students were mature enough

to enter school with a-settled purpose, so that self-

government could be a part of their training. Students who

were accepted into the institution pledged themselves to

uphold the principles and standards and to assist in carrying

on the school government. When students knew that wrong

things were going on, it became their duty to clear those

things up. A weekly meeting was held in which all matters

of questionable conduct were cleared up.6

Self-support was another of the foundation principles.

Any worthy young man or woman willing to uphold the standards

of Christian conduct, and willing to work for his or her

education, was admitted to Madison, provided he was mature

of mind. If he did not possess a thoroughness in the common

branches, he had to take review classes before he could take

Madison Survey, December 22, 1926, p. 191.

Loc. cit.

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 32

any advanced work. There was, no tuition charge in the early

years of the School. Ample opportunity to work was afforded

the student in exchange for his board, room, and laundry. In

addition, the student worked another two hours each day to

help pay for the overhead operating costs of the School. The

following statement from the Handbook of 1910-1912 gives a

glimpse of'a studentis expenses:

Board costs the average student from 35.00 to

$7.00 a month; room rent, $2.00 a month; library
. 50 cents a term. Laundry is paid for by the
fee,
piece. The total school expenses average $10.50 a
month -- a part of this may be earned by manual labor
if proper arrangements are made. Each student works
two hours a day without pay, to aid the Institute
in general expenses.7
The catalog of 1952-1953, approximately forty years

later lists the total monthly expenses as varying between

$78 and $90. Of this amount, approximately $37 is tuition:

The old two-hour time is not included in the present program.

The program costing $78 a month is comparable to the program

under the 1910-1912 charge of $10.50 a month. A diligent

student who is average or above in his scholastic ability can

still earn his school expenses at Madison by spreading his

program over the entire year. The two-hour time of the early

years is offset today by a bona fide tuition charge.8

7. The Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute and

the Rural Sanitarium (A Handbook; Nashville, Tennessee:
Southern Publishing Association), p. 16.
8. Madison College Bulletin 1952-1953 (Nashville, Tennessee:
The Southern Publishing: Association, 1952), p. 16

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 33

During the early years money with which to pay the

teachers was scarce. By mutual agreement the teachers

agreed to allow themselves thirteen dollars a month. In

the year 1908 the teachers were credited with thirteen

dollars a month and were charged with board, fuel, light,

livery hire, etc. Professor Magan opposed paying the

teachers more than S13 a month because the institution was

not earning enough to pay more than that amount. He would

not consent to using funds for salaries that had been donated

for the farm and for buildings.9

The Board minutes of 1918 reveal that the wage had not

increased much:

The faculty during the past year as here-

tofore has been drawing l3 a month which with
economy covers an individualts board, room, and
laundry. At the end of last year the profits
made by the school were divided into three
parts, one-third being reserved for repairs and
improvements, one-third being for extension work,
and the remaining one-third was divided among the
teachers according to the number of hours they
had reported, which resulted in paying the teachers
a little over twelve cents an hour for their work.10

VOTED on motion of Mrs. Druillard, seconded

by Miss DeGraw, to put it on record as the opinion
of the faculty and board, that while it has been
impossible for the faculty to receive a higher

9. Minutes of the Board of Managers of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 24, 1908, p. 2.
10. Minutes of the Board of Managers of the Nashville
Agricultural and Normal Institute, May 20, 1918, p. 3.

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 34

wage, each member feels more than repaid for the

effort he has devoted to this work, and is devoutly
thankful for the progress which God's blessing has
made possible.11

The spirit of always being willing to sacrifice salary

was indicated in the following excerpt from the report of the

president to the Board of Managers:

When Dr. Magan left, the faculty felt that

in justice to him and the work he was entering
in the West that it should purchase his house.
They did so at a cost of 52,000. It was met by
the fund which otherwise would have been divided
among the members of the faculty as a salary. 12

With the "depression" it was necessary to adjust the

wages back to ten cents an hour. The last year of the plan

of dividing the profits was in 1929. No cash was paid, that

year, in the division of profits. Each faculty member

was given a note, because of the scarcity of cash fUnds. Some

of those notes are held unto the present day.

Some people questioned whether Professor Magan and

Professor Sutherland lived on thirteen dollars a month.

Professor Magan made the following statement to the meeting

of the patrons in 1912:

Professor Magan stated that he and Professor

Sutherland had never made any statement to anyone
that they lived on 313 a month. But they stated

11. Minutes of Meeting of Board of Managers of the

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, January 14, 1919,
p. 3.
12. President's report to the Board of Managers of the
Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 30, 1917,
p. 7.

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 35

that this was all they drew from the school; but
that they had to have means from other sources in
order to get along.13

The other sources referred to were income from family

property holdings. The writer was told, that in the case of

Professor Sutherland, he had income from some property that

either he or his family personally owned in Battle Creekj

Michigan.

It seems that up until the year 1914, the books of the

institution had not been audited. Finally, as a result of

much pressure; a conference auditor was called in and the

books were audited. Mr. E. H. Rees, the auditor, rendered

a statement showing a complete inventory including real-estate

and buildings, less the accounts payable, amounting to a

grand total of $40,171.74. The audit also revealed that dona-

tions amounting to .23,793.28, from Adventists, and donations

amounting to $4,489.18, from outside the ranks of Adventists

had been received.14

Mrs. Nellie Druillard made the statement at the meeting of

the "Patrons" setting forth her hesitancy in having an audit

made previously. This statement, once again, reveals the

self-sacrificing spirit of the pioneer workers at Madison.

13. Meeting of the Patrons of the Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute, November 29, 1912, p. 6.
14. Auditor's statement rendered to the meeting of the
Patrons of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute,
October 12 1914, pp. 1-3.

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 36
Mrs. N. H. Druillard stated'that she had
been opposed to having the books audited. . . She
felt that the general run of people had no right
to ask an audit. She stated that she had told
Elder Wight that she was one of the best auditors
in the country, and when she came here, Sister
White had told her to put in all the money she
had. (Note: She owned Western land but could
not realize on it.) She borrowed and borrowed
and was afraid the brethren would criticize and
start a panic, because there was nothing back of
the money which she borrowed. Since then she has
sold the property for one-half its value, and
put it in, and we are now clear of debt. It was
because of this that she had not wanted the books
audited. She knew that everyone was looking to.
find something to condemn and criticize. She
stated that she had pinched and starved and gone
without clothing, and tramped the streets of
Nashville without anything to eat or drink all,
day, when she was in business for the school .1

As.a result of the revelations made by the audit and as

a result of the frank statements made by Mrs. Druillard, the

treasurer, and others, the conference leaders expressed the

belief that there would be a closer harmony between the

"Institution" and the "Organized Work."16

After having served on the Board of Trustees since the

founding of Madison, Mrs. Ellen G. White submitted her resig-

nation to the constituency of the corporation of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute at its meeting, October 13,

1914. The resignation reads as follows:

15. Meeting of the Patrons of the Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institure, October 12, 1914, p. 2.
16. Meeting of the Patrons, op. cit., p. 2..

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 37

Sanitarium, California
July 29, 1914

To the Board of Directors of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute

Dear Friends:

On account of my advanced age, and feeble

health, I desire to retire from the responsibility
of membership of your honorable body. Therefore,
I hereby resign as a member of your Board.

In this connection I wish to state that it

has been a pleasure to do what I could in behalf
of the work of the Institute, and that I have
requested my sons to do what they could to en-
courage the work.

Praying God 1 s manifold blessings upon your

work I request you to accept this resignation
for the reasons named above.17

(signed) Ellen G. White

Through the years many good things have come to Madison

as well as a few experiences that have not been so pleasant.

Among the good things are the appreciations that kind friends

often bestow upon the School. The following quotation from

the letter of Mr. William Magness as quoted in the Madison

Survey, conveys such a gesture of appreciation:

It will always give me a great deal of

pleasure to do anything I can for you or your
institution, for I believe you have the true
philosophy of life, and that you are doing a
wonderful work in character building and teaching
people how to live mentally, morally, and physically
in order to get the best out of life.18

17. Minutes of the Meeting of the Corporation of the

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 13, 1914.
18. Madison Survey March 11, 1936, p. 434

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 Five years later the following quotation is found in

the Madison Survey:

Late in February a letter from one of the

executors of the estate of the late William H. Magness,
of McMinnville, Tennessee, brought this word:

"We advise you of the following bequest made to

the Nashville Agricultural Normal Institute. We
quote you the paragraph in Mr. Magness' will per-
taining to this bequest:

"II give and bequeath unto my executors and

trustees hereinafter named and their successors
in trust the sum of fifty thousand dollars, to be
held and administered by them for the Nashville
Agricultural and Normal Institure a corporation of
Madison, Tennessee, the income therefrom to be paid
over to it semi-annually to aid it in carrying on
its work.," 19 .

The writer as a member of the Board has personal know-

ledge that this money was placed in trust, and the income

from it has been paid to the College semi-annually.

This was the first time and the only time that Madison

has ever received funds as an endowment. Unlike all other

colleges and universities, Madison has been entirely self-

supporting, operating entirely within its income. Donations

have come in from time to time for buildings and equipment

but not for operating expenses.

Mrs. Lida Scott was one of the benefactors of Madison,

who put several hundred thousand dollars into the School

19. Meeting of Board of Directors of the Rural

Educational Association, March 1, 1939, p. 2.

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 39

plant. The Demoralstration School Building, The Science

Building (Bralliar Hall), and the Helen Funk Assembly Hall,

all stand today as a result of the magnanimous spirit of

Mrs. Scott. In addition to these projects, Mrs. Scott fur-

nished funds for additions to the Sanitarium and for much

equipment in the College.

Mrs. Nellie Druillard, in addition to her many years of

service, also gave liberally toward the construction of many

projects. The Druillard Library was named in her honor; she

was one of the chief contributors to that building.

It is interesting to note that the estate of Mrs.

Nellie Druillard, amounting to 815,000 cash plus 812,000 to

815,000 to be realized from the sale of peroperty, was left

to the Rural Educational Association to be administered by

Dr. E. A. Sutherland.2
Since that time the administrator has appointed three

trustees for the Druillard Trust, namely: E. A. Sutherland,

Walter Hilgers, and M. Bessie DeGraw. The fund is to be used

as a revolving fund for the earning departments in the

Madison College and Sanitarium.

Mrs. Gotzian was another benefactor of Madison, giving

the funds for Gotzian Hall and Gotzian Health Home. Gotzian

20. Meeting of Board of Directors of the Rural

Educational Association, March 1, 1939, p. 2.

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 240

Hall was the first chapel building on the campus. All the

early meetings were held there until the Helen Funk Assembly

Hall was constructed. At the present time Gotzian Hall is

the home of the Nutrition Laboratory. Gotzian [Link]

originally built as treatment rooms and as rooms for the care

of the sick in the institutional family, is now called

Gotzian Home, and is the Nurses' Dormitory.

Among the good things that have come to Madison is

much favorable publicity. This came mainly durinc, the decade

1930 to 1940. The first publicity of this period appeared as

a half-page of pictures and written material in the Nashville

Banner, Sunday, June 22, 1930, announcing the fact that

Madison was seeking senior college rating.21

Next appeared an editorial in The Nation's Commerce

under date of September 15, 1934.22

The article that, in all probability, brought the most

favorable and lasting publicity to Madison appeared in the

May, 1938. issue of the Reader's Digest. That article was

entitled, "Self-Supporting College," by Weldon Melick.23 As

a result of that one article, nearly five thousand inquiries

came in concerning the school. There was a flood of student

21. Nashville Banner, Sunday, June 22, 1930.

22. Nation's Commerce, September 15)1934.
23. Weldon Melick, "Self-Supporting College," Reader's
Digest, May, 1938, pp. 105-109.

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 141

applications. _The next year the enrollment was the highest

in the history of the College with a total of'four hundred

and fifty college students enrolled. It was not so much what

the author of the article had to say as it was the thought

that here was a place where young men and women could find

remunerative employment while attending school.

Another article with pictures that brought much favor-

able publicity appeared in the December 7, 1938, issue of the

St. Louis Post-Dispatch as a full two-page center spread in

the rotogravure section, entitled "A College Supported by Its

Own Industries."24

About this same time a syndicated article, with pictures

in rotogravure, appeared in many of the papers in the Hearst

chain.

In 1938 the United States Department of Interior, Offices

of Education, put out a Bulletin, 1938, No. 9, entitled "College

Projects for Aiding Students." Division LV of the pamphlet was

devoted to "Self-Help Colleges," and Madison was given a good

write-up.25

Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt devoted her entire column of

"My Day," under date of October 6, 1938, to the story of

24. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, (Rotogravure Section))

December 7, 1938, pp. 10-11.
25. Self-Help Colleges, from Bulletin 1938, No. 9,
entitled "College Projects for Aiding Students," by the
United States Department of Interior, Office of Education
(Washington: United States Printing Office).

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 142

Madison College as related to her by Dr. Floyd Bralliar.

Dr. Bralliar made the appointment through the good offices

of Secretary of State Cordell Hull, a native Tennessean from

nearby Carthage.26

Richard L. G. Deverall, a professor of Villanova College,

wrote a very evaluating article in the January 6, 1939, issue

of the Commonweal. This article was the climax of a visit

to the Madison College campus.27

Many other articles have been written in newspapers and

magazines, the most recent being one entitled "Utopia

University," in the May, 1953, issue of Mechanix Illustrated.28

With the good things come the bitter; so it is in operat-

ing a college. The "Depression" had its effect upon Madison,

but not as it did upon many institutions. The following

description from the Survey shows how the workers at Madison

met and conquered the problems cleated by the "Depression."

Our workers sometimes feel that we have

been having a pretty hard time during the last
two years because of the financial depression.
It has always been the policy of the Madison
School not to run in debt. This is doubly true
of a school and trebly so if a school is self-
supporting. It is necessary here at Madison to

26. Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, MY Day (Syndicated

Newspaper Column) October 6, 1938.
27. Richard L. G. Deverall, "Life on the Madison
Campus," Commonweal, January 6, 1938.
28. Ross L. Holman, "Utopia University," Mechanix
Illustrated, May, 1953, pp. 9t-97.

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 43

cut our garments according to the cloth we have.

That is, we cannot allow our operating expenses to
run beyond our income. The workers have been
obliLed during the last two years to practice the
strictest economy, for every income-producing
feature of the school has had. its earnings reduced.
On the other hand, the number of students has
increased.

In many respects, the faculty and commissioned

workers of the institution are a remarkable com-
pany. They are proprietors, for they operate the
institution. They themselves are responsible for
its financial success or failure. They cannot pay
themselves more than the institution earns, but
like Paul, they are learning to be content in
whatsoever state they are. This, too, it is
realized, is a lesson students must learn. Many
enter the school who do not have a clear idea of
the meaning of self-support. To keep out of debt
and at the same time to be doing things that are
worth doing is an ability that is necessary for
success in life. Madison teachers are learning by
experience how to teach students to be self-
supporting.29

Floods are another type of adversity. A few times

Madison has been seriously affected by high water. In

January, 1927, the river rose to its greatest height in re-

corded history, the previouS highest mark being established

in January of 1882. The 1927 flood exceeded that one by

several inches. The fields near the river were under from

six to thirty feet of water. The school pumping station on

the lone hundred acresu was entirely under water, and the

water line had to be tapped on higher ground and a tractor

29. Madison Survey, April 15, 1931, p. 55.

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 44

used to pump water. Water covered Neelyts Bend road pre-

venting patients from coming to the Sanitarium. The only

outlet from the school to Nashville was over a rocky road

that could be traveled only by wagon and team.3

Another flood came exactly ten years later in February,

1937. This was at the time of the great Ohio River flood.

Even though the water covered the Neely's Bend Road, the

College and Sanitarium were not materially affected, for by

this time the institution was connected with the Inglewood

Water Company, and the Old Hickory Boulevard had been- con-

structed, thus assuring the institution a good water supply

and a broad highway to the outside.31

Adversity can come in other ways. William I. Love

started a suit in the courts against the institution in

1921 for alleged contamination of his spring, with sewage.

His property adjoins the institution property on the north.

The institution lost the lawsuit even though chemical tests

did not show any evidence of contamination. At that time

it was estimated that a new sewage system would cost $3,000.

The workers met and in one meeting pledged $1,010 toward

the new system.32

30. Madison Survey, January 12, 1927, p. 7.

31. Madison Survey, February 10, 1937, p. 21.
32. Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Managers, of
the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, August 7, 1921,
pp. 1-2.

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 )45

The institution appealed the decision of the lower

court to the State Supreme Court. Litigation dragged on

until a decision against the institution, upholding the

action of the lower court, was rendered in 1927. Judgment

of $41500 was brought against the institution, plus court

charges, making a total amount of $7,171.45. The money to

pay the damages and costs was loaned by the Layman Foundation

at five per cent to be paid back in two years by raising

the Sanitarium rates.33

Since that time, the institution has taken out ample

insurance to protect itself in any similar circumstances.

Naturally, as the institution has grown larger, especially

the Sanitarium, it has met with a number of lawsuits. These

have all been handled by insurance companies.

Just as it takes a lawsuit to make one realize the

necessity of liability insurance, so it takes experience of

a similar nature to make an institution re-study its corpora-

tion, to see if there are any loopholes. The Board of Managers

made a study of the Madison School set-up and found that the

school had been operating as a sort of partnership affair, with

the individual members of the operating board held personally

33. Minutes of the Meeting .ofthe Constituents

(Incorporators) of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal
Institute, January 11, 1928, p. 2.

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 46

responsible for the liabilities of the institution, in the

case of trouble. To remedy the situation, the operating

board was incorporated and in turn leased the property from

the Board of Trustees of the Nashville Agricultural and

Normal Institute. 314 The name chosen for the new corporation

was the Rural Education Association or R. E. A., as'it was

commonly called.35

The charter for the R. E. A. was applied for in May,

1924. It was granted, and the institution began operating

under the R. E. A. on June 1, 1924, with a board of fifteen

.members.

This corporation leased the institutional property from

the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute corporation

year by year and continued to function in that manner until

December, 1951. As the years went by and new operators

came into control of the R. E. A. constant friction arose

between the two boards. Finally, by mutual consent, the two

boards united under the Nashville Agricultural and Normal

Institute Corporation, and dropped the Rural Education Association

out of existence. Thus after twenty-seven years of a dual

board set-up, the Board of Trustees became the operating board.

34. Meeting of Board of Managers of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, February 24, 1924, p. 2.
35. First Quarterly Meeting of the Board of Managers of
the Nashville Af,ricultural and Normal Institute, April 1, 1924,
p. 1.

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 147

A memorable home-coming was held on the College campus

the week end of June 21 to 24, 1946. This was a get-together

of the returning veterans of the war.

A memorial service was held by the flagpole, in front

of the Assembly Hall, Sunday, June 24, honoring those who

had died in the service of their country. Eight names are on a

bronze plaque that hangs on the wall of Druillard Library:

Aubrey Alexander, lost with a bomber crew over Germany;

Dr. Jay Caldwell, crashed with army plane in California;

Donald Colbert, lost with a bomber crew over Germany;

Warren Irwin, killed by torpedoing of his ship; Dewey Lester,

killed by bursting bomb on Anzio Beach-head; Alexander McKinnon,

killed in place crash in California; Lt. J. L. Thomas, killed

in plane crash in Far East; Lt. John Robert Wilson, shot down

in fighter plane over Germany.36

One of the outstanding and joyful occasions of Madison is

long and eventful history was the fiftieth wedding anniversary

of Dr. and Mrs. Edward A. Sutherland, celebrated on the

Madison campus, August 13, 1940. Tribute was paid to

Dr. and Mrs. Sutherland by Dr. P. P. Claxton, president of

Austin Peay Normal, by H. K. Christman of the Southern

36. Madison Survey, July 15, 1946, pp. 57-58.

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 48

Publishing Association and by Lawyer Cecil Sims of the law

firm, Bass, Berry and Sims. The celebration ended as

Dr. and Mrs. Sutherland drove away in a horse and buggy as

the audience sang, "Put on Your Old Gray Bonnet."37

37. Madison Survey, August 21, 1940, pp. 61,64.

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 CHAPTER III

THE SCHOOL PROGRAM

From the founding of the Nashville Agricultural and

Normal Institute, the academic program was considered the

hub around which the other activities revolved. That same

principle holds true today. The following quotation taken

from a handbook published in 1908 states the specific work

of the institution:

The Institute is primarily a normal school.

It was established to train home and foreign
missionary teachers, and to the accomplishment
of this object every effort is directed. The
agricultural department is maintained, not as
an experiment station, but as a means toward
the training of teachers capable of earning a
livelihood from the soil; and capable, further-
more, of exalting country life in the eyes of
people with whom bread-winning has become
drudgery. Those who receive this all-around
education have the advantage, whatever may be
their field of labor.

For years the tide has carried the mul-

titudes cityward until the very nation has
cried out for some means of salvation. In the
school is found the potent remedy. The country
school is to be properly equipped, manned with
competent teachers, provided with land for cul-
tivation, and an effort is now being made to
turn the tide from the city to the country. The
Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute is
training teachers who will be able to aid in
this movement.

The connection of a sanitarium with the

Institute strengthens the normal feature. Each
teacher in training has the advantage of medical
instruction under practicing physicians, and an
opportunity for practical training in the sanitarium.

49

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 So

A strong religious atmosphere pervades

the institution, for teachers cannot do the
best work until they recognize and accept
the leadings of God.1

This added quotation from the Bulletin of 1909-1910,

gives further enlightenment on the work of the institution:

There is no age limit for students entering

the Institute, but young students and those un-
decided as to their future work are advised
to look elsewhere for their education. The
energy of the Institute is devoted to the rapid
training of teachers for rural industrial
schools.2

One must not think of the school in its earlier years

as one does of a college today. It was not a college and

hardly a high school. Students were given the specific train-

ing necessary to equip them to go out in active missionary

work. The only entrance requirements were a mature mind and

the possession of a definite purpose looking forward to

missionary work.

One could not take advanced work without demonstrating a

proficiency in the common branches. Special review courses

were offered in all phases of English, arithmetic, history,

civics, and elementary science.

Final examinations were given as each subject was com-

pleted. Certificates of scholarship were issued giving a

1. The Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute

and the Rural Sanitarium, The Schoolhandbook, 1908, p. 3.
2. Bulletin No. 5;The Nashville Agricultural and
Normal Institute, Announcement 1909, 1910, p. 4.

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 51

history of thestudent's school life, both literary and

industria1.3

The courses listed in the Bulletin of 1909-1910 were:

Bible: Old Testament History; Book Study of

the Bible; Methods of Bible Study;
Bible Doctrines.

History: The Great Monarchies, etc.; History

of Missions and of the South; The
Great Reformation; Geography; United
States History; and Civics Review.

Normal Subjects: Primary Methods; Methods in

the Common Branches; History and
Philosophy of Education; Psychology;
Pedagogy.

Mathematics: Bookkeeping; Commercial Arithmetic;

Practical Algebra; Practical and Mental
Arithmetic Review; - Constructive Geometry.

Language: English Review; Advanced English and

Word Analysis; Practical Rhetoric;
Sacred Literature; English and American
Literature.

Science: Astronomy; Advanced Physiology and

Hygiene; Anatomy; Sanitation and Nursing;
Agricultural Botany; Agricultural Chemistry;
Agricultural Physics.

Music and Art: Drawing; Painting; Music.

Trades and Industries: Carpentry; Agronomy;

Sewing and Dressmaking; Horticulture;
Dairy and Stockraising; Blacksmithing;
Hygienic Cookery; Buttermaking;
Simple Treatments; Gardening;

..ommmsares.,

3. The School. Handbook, 1908, op. cit., pp. 13-15.

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 52

Baking; Laundry; Poultry-raising; Bee

Culture; Brick and Stone. Masonry; Basketry
and Wood Sloyd.4

The Handbook of 1912 (approximately, no definite

date given) gave the reason for offering courses in trades:

It is the object in introducing various

industries to teach the dignity of labor, to
qualify teachers to become self-supporting,
and to assist students in paying their school
expenses. All the work on the farm, in the
home, and in the sanitarium is done by students
working under the direction of instructors,
and the theoretical instruction in the various
trades and industries receives practice],
application in the various departments.,

For many years the Madison School operated on what was

commonly called the "one-study plan." The class work con-

sisted of one literary subject, one industrial subject,

and one subject of a missionary nature. Three hours a

day were devoted to the literary subject. The industrial

subject was carried as a laboratory subject with actual

work in one of theirdustries one half of each day. The

subject of a missionary nature was also performed as a

laboratory project, with the students spending Saturday

afternoon or Sunday out doing community work. The reason

for calling it the 'one study plan" was that the literary

subject was the one that required much deep study on the

Li. Bulletin No. 5, 22. cit., pp. 6-7.

5. A Handbook, The Nashville Agricultural and Normal
Institute and the Rural Sanitarium (Approximate date 1912,
no definite date given), p. 1L.

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part of the student.

Dr. E. A. Sutherland presented a paper to the

Southern Mountain Workers in conference at Knoxville, in

which he outlined the "one study plan":

To make the institution self-supporting,

we found that the industrial equipment must be
operated during the entire day. This was
made possible by dividing the student body
as well as the faculty into two sections,
one company free to operate the industries
the first half of the day, and the other
carrying the work in the afternoon. But
this was not all. The ordinary program of
short recitation periods and numerous
classes makes conflicts unavoidable, and
breaks manual labor periods into such short
hours that remunerative work is impossible.

To duplicate class work calls for

added members on the faculty, an expense
that we cannot afford. Again, teachers
and students should work together in field,
and shop, and kitchen, as well as in the
class room, if our ideal is to be attained.
In order to overcome these numerous
difficulties we adopted a program known as
the "one-study plan" because it permits the
students to take at one time only one
intellectual subject. On this subject
student and teacher spend three consecutive
sixty-minute hours. Both student and teacher
then have one-half day for unbroken work
in some manual department.

This puts an intellectual leader, a

real teacher, at the head of each industry,
and in reality gives us a two-study plan con-
sisting of one intellectual and one manual
subject. And, indeed, we find that the
educational results from the industries thus
carried forWard are equal and sometimes
superior to the results obtained from purely
literary subjects in the classroom.

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Intensive methods are applied in the

school room. The Madison School is recognized
as meeting the usual school standards in
literary work. A subject that requires one
hundred eighty 45 minute period recitations
and is usually covered in a school year of
ten months, we compress into nine weeks,
fifteen hours a week, three 60-minute hours'
recitation a day. The usual one-term study requiring
sixty 45-minute recitations, we cover in three
weeks.

The school year at Madison has four nine-

week terms and three terms of three weeks
each, making it possible for a student in one
year to cover four long-term subjects and
three short-term subjects, a total of six
hundred seventy-five 60 minute hours'
recitation or nine hundred 45-minute reci-
tations, the equivalent of one and one-
fourth years' work in the ordinary school.
As we recognize and preserve the sequence
of studies, students coming to us from other
schools do not need to break their grades or
lose their course.6

The next look at the school program, as given in 1920-

1921 approximately ten years later, reveals changes. The

curriculum appeared under five major headings: General

and Preparatory Courses; Nurses' Course; Rural Teachers'

Course; Agricultural Course; and Home Economics Course.

The General and Preparatory Courses

Old Testament Bible

New Testament Bible
English Grammar and Printing

6. E. A. Sutherland, The Study Plan of the Nashville

Agricultural ---
and Normal Institute Madison, Tennessee: The
Rural School Press), pp. 7-10.

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Arithmetic
Algebra
Geometry
Instrumental Music
U. S. History
General History
Physical Geography
Blacksmithing
Dressmaking
Biology
Botany
Zoology
Astronomy

Short Courses

Readings Spelling, and Penmanship

Cooking
Sight Singing
Geography
Hymn-playing
Weaving
Cobbling
Bible Doctrines
Cabinet Work
Sewing
Poultry Raising and Bee Culture

The Nursest Course

Hydrotherapy and Massage

Disease and Therapeutics
Practical Nursing and Medical Ethics
Obstetrics
Genito-Urinary
Accidents and Emergencies
Dietetics
Physiology and Anatomy
Materia Medica
Theoretical Hydrotherapy
Bacteriology
Laboratory Drill
Operating Room Drill.
Surgical Nursing
Medical Missionary Volunteer
City Mission and Self-supporting Work

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Short Courses

Elementary Sewing
Physical Culture
Swedish Massage
Bible Hygiene
Cooking
Dissecting
Bible Doctrines

The Rural Teachers' Course

Household Chemistry
Cooking and Household Management
Methods in Common Branches
Physics
Simple Treatment
Accidents and Emergencies
Dietetics
Chemistry
History of Education
Psychology
Pedagogy
Bibles Book Study and Methods
Bacteriology
Creamery
Canning
Baking
Laundry
Household Accounts
Medical Missionary Volunteer
City Mission and Self-supporting Work

Short Courses

Cabinet Work
Weaving
Sewing
Bible Hygiene
Gardening
Horticulture
Rural Sociology
Drawing
Hymn-playing

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The Agricultural Course

Agronomy
Animal Husbandry
Entomology
Physics
Simple Treatments
Accidents and Emergencies
Veterinary Medicine
Chemistry
General Agriculture
Botany
Advanced Carpentry
Bacteriology
Creamery
Canning
Baking
Feeds and Feeding
Medical Missionary Volunteer'
City Missionary and Self-supporting Work

Short Courses

Farm Mechanics
Elementary Blacksmithing
Horticulture
Elementary Carpentry
Gardening
Bible Doctrines
Rural Sociology

The Home Economics Course

Household Chemistry
Cooking.
Household Management
Physics
Simple Treatment
Accidents and Emergencies
Dietetics
Chemistry
Sewing
General Agriculture
Botany
Three Months in City Cafeteria
Bacteriology

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Creamery
Canning
Baking
Laundry
Household Accounts
Medical Missionary Volunteer
City Missionary and Self-supporting Work

Short Courses

Weaving
Cabinet Work
Horticulture
Bible Hygiene
Gardening
Bible Doctrines

The latter four were set up as two-year curricula.

There was an entire new set of courses in Nursing, also

practically a new set of courses in Home Economics. English

and Printing were taught as an integrated course. Many new

industrial courses had been added to the various curricula;

such as Advanced Blacksmithing; Weaving; Cobbling; Cabinet

Work, Canning; Farm Mechanics, and Advanced Carpentry.

Practically all of the industrial courses previously offered

had been retained in the curricula. Another new course was

City Mission and Self-supporting Work.7

During the period of ten years before 1930, several

things of importance had taken place:

In the early years of the institution,

no demands were made by accrediting associations,
and it was the purpose of the faculty to
give students a short, practical training far
needy fields in the rural South. As the

7. Annual Bulletin; 1920-1921, The Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, pp. between 6-7.

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medical work of the institution developed,

the minds of students were directed toward.
the medical course, and a demand was made
for pre-medical training here. Two years
of college work were offered.

The first recognition of the school

came from the Tennessee State Department
of Education in 1922Q In the year 1923,
the school became a member of the Tennessee
College Association. The high school was
admitted to membership in the Southern
Association of Colleges and Secondary
Schools in 1927, and two years later, the
institution was recognized by the same
association as a junior college.8

This same bulletin states a change in objectives that

had taken place:

The original object of the school was to

train teachers for efficient work in rural
industrial schools. Later, medical missionary
and health-food work were added. In addition
to the campus industries, the school conducts
a vegetarian cafeteria and hydropathic treatment
rooms in Nashville; a branch sanitarium and
hospital at Lawrenceburg, Tennessee; and a
cafeteria and treatment rooms in Louisville,
Kentucky.9

Two other outstanding events happened during the

decade of the twenties. One was in 1925 when the state

gave its first state board examination for nurses. Madison

nurses took that examination.1

8. Annual Bulletin, The Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute, 1930-1931, p. 10.
9. Annual Bulletin, 1930-1931, op. cit., p. 18.
10. Related personally by Dr. Frances Dittes who was
one taking the examination.

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It is interesting to note how the training of nurses

developed at Madison. Up to the year 1915, only one year of

training was given. Two years of training were given from

1915 to 1919, at which time a third year of training was

added for women nurses. The other outstanding event was the

first formal graduation exercises in the history of the

institution, held in June, 1927. According to Mrs. Jeannette Segoj

a member of that class, the plan previous to that time was for

an individual to go to Miss M. Bessie DeGraw for his certificate

when he had completed a course.11

The following people were on the roster of the first

formal graduating class in 1927:

Normal Course: Mrs. Belle C. Hall, Mrs. R. B. King,

Carl Henderson.

Pre-Medical Course: Charles Beamer Harold Jeffs:

Charles Perkins, Rob Roy Hicks, William Jones,
Ritchey Stagg, Leon Walker.

Cafeteria Course: Ruth Cantrell, Mrs. Ruby Jensen,

Margie Mardis, Bertha Morgan, Edna Ward,
Edith Winquist, Anna Henderson, Mrs. Nora Jones,
Winifred. Miller, Mrs. Jeannette Sego, Helen Watkins,
Alberta Yates.

Dr. Y. W. Haley gave the commencement address on

Thursday evening June 23, and Professor W. P. Bradley

11. Related by Mts. Jeanette Sego, a member of the

graduating class of 1927.

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conducted the consecration service on Friday evening,

June 2L. The baccalaureate sermon was given by Professor

Robert Thurber on Saturday morning, June 25.12

With the new changes that had been ushered in during

the decade of the twenties, it would be well to look at

the curricula to see what changes had been made in the

courses of study. Five curricula were offered in addition to

a full four-year offering at the high school level. The pre-

medical training appears to be the new curriculum that had

been added during the twenties. Upon examination, one notes

that the curricula had taken on a definite liberal arts

flavor during that period. Outside of the agricultural and

home economics fields, the curricula had lost their practical

flavor. The practical trades courses were gone and only one
13
hour of Manual Arts appeared in the Normal Curriculum. It

appears that accreditation had raised havoc with such courses

as Cobbling, Bricklaying, Laundry Work, Baking, and Black-

smithing. Foreign languages had come into the program as a

part of the pre-medical training.

The decade of the thirties ushered in another important

change, the elevating of the College to a senior college

rank. The groundwork began in 1929 when Dr. E. A. Sutherland

12. Taken from the graduation program of 1927.

13. Annual Bulletin 1930-1931, 22,. cit., pp. 18-20.

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began to consult with leading educators regarding the feasi-

bility of Madisonts becoming a senior college. The following

letter indicates the interest as shown by one leading

educator:

GEORGE PEABODY COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS

Nashville, Tennessee
December 2, 1929

Office of the President

My dear Dr. Sutherland:

May I express the hope, in accordance with

our conversation, that you will be able to receive
sufficient endowment and instructional staff to
develop your institution into a high class, four-
year college with standards satisfactory to your-
self, associates, and the proper accrediting
agencies of America, especially the Southern
Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools.

I have visited your institution many times

in the last nineteen years, and it is my con-
viction that the good work being done by your staff
and the fine spirit of consecration to human ser-
vice displayed by your students every time it has
been my privilege to meet with them are assets of
too great value to go to waste in America. Never-
theless, both of these assets are being wasted
now and will continue to come to naught unless you
can procure funds to attain the above-mentioned
development so that your graduates may be cer-
tificated to teach in the public secondary and
elementary schools of America, and especially of
the South, where they are so much needed.

In other words, there is too much of merit

on your campus which is not now available so
long as certificating standards are such as
they are in America. We have all had to face

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this problem and it means more money with

which to secure more instruction, books,
equipment, et cetera.

Cordially yours,

Bruce R. Paynel4

Others such as P. P. Claxton, former United States

Commissioner of Education; H. A. Morgan, president of

the University of Tennessee; and William J. Hutchins,

president of Berea College, wrote in a similar tone.

As early as August:1930, plans were being formulated

for the first of a group of school buildings deemed

necessary for the enlargement into a senior colleqe.15

A special meeting of the Board of Directors was called

during August to pass upon the plans for the first building.16

The year 1932 was the last year in which a class was

graduated from the Junior College.

The Bulletin of 1932-1933 carried the first four-year

program. The status of the College is explained in the

following quotation:

For several years the Nashville Agricultural

Normal Institute was operated as a junior college
with an A grade high school department:holding
membership in the Association of Colleges and

1L Letter from President Bruce R. Payne, of George

Peabody College for Teachers, to Dr. E. A. Sutherland,
December 2, 1929.
15. The Madison Survey, August 6, 1930, pp. 119-120.
16. The Madison Survey., September 3, 1930, p. 136.

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Secondary Schools of the Southern States. This

calendar schedules full four-year college work
leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science.
Graduates from the institution are admitted for
graduate work in the University of Tennessee and
George Peabody College for Teachers.17

The first class to graduate from the school as a senior

college was the "Class of 1933." That class was composed

of four members: Rosetta D. Y. Musselman, L. LaRue Faudi

Roberts, Mary Bernice Kelsey, and Bayard D. Goodge.18

The catalogue of 1932-1933 does not list the majors,

but from a study of the offerings one can conclude that ten

majors were offered: Religious Education, History, Language,

English Agriculture, Biology, Chemistry, Education, Health

Education, and Home Economics, and supporting minors in Indus-

trial Arts, Mathematics, Physics, Nursing,. and Psychology.19

With the beginning of a senior college, work also

began in a vigorous campaign to accredit the College. This

campaign was carried on for about seven years. Several

inspections were made during that period of time, but the

school was never able to meet all of the requirements for

admission to the Southern Association of Colleges. The

physical plant of the institution, with three new buildings,

was in excellent shape at the time and was recognized by the

17. Annual Bulletin, The Nashville Agricultural and

Normal institute, 1932-1933, P. 9.
18. Graduation program for August 25-27, 1933.
19. Annual Bulletin, 1932-1933.

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inspectors as such. The two big hurdles appeared to be

the lack of sufficient endowment and the low salary

schedule during this time with the exception of two years.

One experience stands out vividly as related by Fred Green,

business manager at the time. It seems that the leaders

of the institution who were pushing accreditation conceived

of a plan by which they would surmount the salary difficulty.

They proposed that they would report to the Southern

Association that the teachers were being paid in the

neighborhodd of 3,000 a year and were donating the larger

share of it back to the institution. They evidently reasoned

that they were sacrificing by working for low wages when in

reality they were worth much more. So why not put it on record

that they were earning more and were donating it back into the

institution? Mr. Green was asked to sign such a statement,

but he flatly refused, because he did not believe that it

would be in good faith with the Southern Association. Mr.

Green soon fell out of the good graces of the leaders of

the institution and made his departure. This was probably

the climax in Mr. Greents experience at Madison. Before this,

he had lost his wife by drowning, in the Cumberland River, and

had lost his home by fire. The treasurer of the institution

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from all appearances, held the purse strings of the

institution, and the request made of Mr. Green was the final

straw that broke the camel's back. One cannot but admire

his spirit of integrity.

During the thirties, while accreditation was being

sought, the College sent many of its teachers to school for

advanced training. A number received their master's degrees.

Among those receiving their master's degree were H. E. Standish,

C. L. Kendall, Florence Hartsock, M. Bessie DeGraw J. G. Rimer,

Sallie Sutherland, Nis Hansen, Jr., Wilfred Tolman,

Frances Dittes, Florence Dittes, Bayard Goodge, Ralph Davidson,

Lawrence Hewitt, Howard Welch, and William Sandborn. A

number sought the Ph.D. degree; one succeeded in obtaining

the degree. Miss Frances Dittes was granted the Ph.D.

degree in Nutrition, being the ninth person in the United

States to receive a degree in that field.20

The Industrial Arts courses had their ups and downs

during this decade. After being dropped from the curriculum

in the late twenties, they made their appearance in 1933-1934

with fifty-six quarter hours of lower division work. Some upper

20. The writer is personally acquainted with these

people and with these facts, being a student at the time, and
having also had the privilege of participating in the
teacher-qualification program.

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division work was added in 1934-35. The 1936-37 catalogue

revealed that the upper division work in Industrial Arts had

been dropped out. The 1937-38 catalogue omitted entirely the

Industrial Arts curriculum and listed eight hours of Printing

and four hours of Mechanical Drawing under Fine Arts. This

dropping of the entire curriculum was evidently the result of

the departure of H. E. Standish, who had been carrying that

department. The curriculum reappeared in 1940-41 with com-

plete offerings for a major, with a total of 122 quarter hours

to choose from.21

During the year 1937 the name of the school was changed
from the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute to

Madison College. This was the consequence of the school's

obtaining a government post office which was called the Madison

College Post Office, in order to avoid confusion with the

village post office. The writer remembers this from personal

contact with the situation.

Weldon Melick wrote an article in the May, 1938, issue

of the Reader's Digest, entitled "Self-supporting College.1122

As a consequence, thousands of inquiries came to the College.

These resulted in many applications and the enrollment went

21. Annual bulletins of Nashville Agricultural and

Normal Institute, 1930 to 1937.
22. Weldon Melick, "Self-supporting College," Reader's
Digest, May, 1938, pp. 105-109.

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from 344 in 1937-38 to 419 in 1938-39, and to 458 in 1939-40.23

The enrollment of 1939-40 was the highest in the history of

the school, from its founding to the present time.

An analysis of the 1938-39 enrollment shows the wide-

spread influence of Mr. Melick's article. The student body

came from forty-two states and nine foreign countries.

Tennessee was represented by eighty-four, Florida by twenty-

five, and twenty-two came from foreign countries. The others

ranged from New Hampshire to inlashington and California and

across to Florida. There were 208 freshmen, 814 sophomores,

84 juniors, 28 seniors, 7 postgraduates, and 8 specials. 214

The next year the enrollment of 458 represented forty-four
states and three foreign countries.25
It might be of interest to note at this point that

during these years of high enrollment, every student was

profitably employed in one of the many school industries.26

Many of those students were working their entire way, whereas
the rest were earning a large share of their expenses. This

has been true all through the nearly fifty years of Madison's

existence. At the present time every student is'required to

work a minimum of eighteen hours a week.27

23. Annual Bulletins of Madison College, 1937-1940.

24. Annual. Bulletins of Madison College, 1939-1940.
25. Annual Bulletins of Madison College 1940-1941.
26. The writer was Student Employment Director at the
time.
27. The writer helped to formulate this requirement.

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One could easily refer to the years between 1930 and

1940 as the "Golden Age of Madison," for during this time

much money and effort was expended to accredit the College.

Many new buildings were constructed; the teachers received

advanced training; the enrollment reached its highest peak;

and the institution was generally prosperous. Although a

good share of this time was during the "Depression" period,

yet Madison prospered. The "Depression" undoubtedly brought

many students to Madison because they had no money with which

to go elsewhere. Because of Madisonfs industrial make-up,

labor is an asset. The labor of many students on a moderate

wage scale tends to create a healthy financial condition.

This has been a blessing both to students and to the College

through the years.

While the preceding period was spoken of as the "Golden

Age," the next decade might be termed the "Fateful Forties."

The enrollment dropped during this period, reaching a low of

one hundred fifty-four during the school year 1944-45.28

There has been a noticeable increase since, but never

anything approaching the peak of 1940. The status of the

enrollment during the forties can be attributed to five

possible factors, namely,the calling of so many men to

28. Annual Bulletin of Madison College, 1945-46.

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service; the high wages on the outside; lack of accreditation

by the regional accrediting association; disunity within

the administration and faculty; and talk of the possibility

of returning: to a junior-college status.

The College program continued during the early forties

about the same as it had during the late thirties. In

February, 1946, Dr. E. A. Sutherland resigned as president

to accept the position of Secretary of the Commission on

Rural Living. Thomas Steen was called from South America to

become president of Madison College. Up to this time, Madison

College had been under the direction of one president for over

forty years, from the founding of the institution. President

Steen was a man with years of experience, having been the

president of several institutions. For a number of weeks

everything went smoothly, but before long it became evident

that a spirit of disagreement was arising between Dr. Sutherland

and Dr. Steen. The writer, as a member of the Board of

Directors and a faculty member for a part of this time, was

in a position to observe closely the breach as it widened.

President Steen was an independent thinker, and as such did

not fit into the plans of Dr. Sutherland. There had been

some agitation concerning the son of Dr. Sutherland, who

was the Medical Director in the Sanitarium. Dr. Steen

supported a move to seek his resignation. The Board finally

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accepted his resignation.29

The action of the Board on this occasion indicated

that there was a pretty even balance of power between those

who supported Dr. Sutherland and those who supported Dr. Steen.

At the annual board meeting in 1947, two of Dr. Sutherland's

supporters were not re-elected, and they were replaced by two

incoming administrators who. were recommended appointees of

Dr. Steen. The supporters of Dr. Steen had laid careful

plans before the annual constituency meeting of 1947. They

planned how they would select a nominating committee; who

would be members of the committee; and who should be elected

to the Board. By a careful analysis, it had been ascertained

which constituency members would support the new administration.

A pre-arranged list of members for the nominating committee

was made up and handed to each of the constituents who could

be depended upon to support President Steen's administration.

When the time for election came, the impact was like a steam

roller. The supporters of Dr. Sutherland were caught completely

off guard and suffered a defeat that was to result in a period

of disunity that existed until the end of the year 1951.

Perhaps it should be stated that Dr. Sutherland still

maintained control of the holding board, the Nashville

29. The writer was a member of the Board.

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Agricultural and Normal Institute, commonly spoken of as

N. A. N. I. Each year the holding board leased the property

to the operating board, the Rural Educational Association,

commonly called the R. E. A. Dr. Sutherland controlled the

N. A. N. I., and President Steen controlled the R. E. A.

Dr. Sutherland tried to exercise controls through the N. A. N. I.

that did not truly belong to a holding board. On the other

side of the picture, President Steen determined that he was

going to change the status of Madison College from a senior

college into a junior college giving two-year terminal courses.

Dr. Sutherland became very much embittered. President Steen

told the writer that Dr. Sutherland came to him personally

and demanded his resignation. President Steen, with the

determination of a bulldog, disregarded Dr. Sutherland and

pushed ahead with his plans to make Madison into an accredited

junior college.

As a sort of preliminary shot toward his goal, President

Steen published the following program in the School promotional

organ, the Madison Survey:

MADISON PREPARES TO OFFER STRONG TWO-YEAR TERMINAL

CURRICULUMS IN VARIOUS VOCATIONS
THE JUNIOR COLLEGE TO BE FULLY ACCREDITED

In harmony with the recent vote of the

General Conference recommending that "Madison
College be encouraged to become a strong voca-
tional and technical school extensive prepara-
tions are being made for the teaching of the
new two-year vocational curriculums recently

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voted by the Board of Directors. The plan

includes the following: Junior Maintenance
Engineering, Auto Mechanics and Welding,
Food Technology, Agriculture, Laboratory
Technician, and Medical Secretarial.

There will also be offered on the junior

college level two-year curriculums in General
Education, Teacher-training,.and in the various
pre-professional programs, including Pre-nursing
(one year), Pre-Home Economics, Pre-dental, and
others.

On the senior college level the curriculums

will be conducted in Health and Nursing,
Agriculture, Dietetics, and Home Economics.
Plans are also under consideration to develop
a four-year curriculum in Industrial Education.3

One can readily see that President Steen was set on

making Madison into a junior college. The following statement

from the Madison Survey lends weight to that viewpoint:

Dr. M. C. Huntley, executive secretary of

the Southern Association of Colleges and
Secondary Schools, spent a day on the campus
recently in consultation with the college
officials and various members of the faculty.
Definite plans are in progress for the accredi-
tation of theJunior College Division of the
Madison Institution.31 "
Finally President Steen placed the question before his

faculty. The results are described as follows:

FACULTY RECOMMENDS REORGANIZATION

OF MADISON COLLEGE

30. Madison Survey, April 15, 1947, p. 27.

31. E5cion Survey, July 30, 1947, p. 58.

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For several years members of the Madison

College faculty have been deeply distressed
because of the failing enrollments and the attendant
perplexities developing in the institution.
With the beginning of a new administration
in April, 1946, one of the first problems that
were placed squarely on the shoulders of the
new president was .the solution of this problem.
Within a few weeks some preliminary investi-
gations were begun. Students, teachers, and
various others were asked to provide information
and offer suggestions, and inquiry was made of
each student as to what Madison might do in
order to make its program more suitable to the
student1 s needs.

Since then various individuals and committees

have participated in this study. Finally the
problem was taken up with the faculty as a whole,
and after much inquiry and discussion the faculty
took formal action on October 26, 1947, recommending
to the Board of Directors that the following re-
organization of the Collegetake place:

1. That the eleventh and twelfth grades

in the academy be attached to the first and
second college years)thus forming a four-
year junior college.

2, That steps be taken immediately to

accredit the re-organized college with the
Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary
Schools.

3. That in order to make this accreditation

possible, the granting of the Bachelor of Science
degree be discontinued, following the graduation
of 190.

The Board of Directors gave considerable

study to'this recommendation at its December 11
meeting. It was felt, because of its great im-
portance to the institution and to prospective
students, that some time should be given, in
order to acquaint the field fully with the
proposal, and that definite action should be
deferred until the annual meeting of the Board
and Constituency, February 18, 1948.

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The Board further voted to set up a represen-

tative committee, charged with giving further
detailed study to this recommendation of the
faculty. This committee was constituted as
follows: Professor L. R. Rasmussen, Dr. Keld J. Reynolds,
Elder H. T. Elliott, and Dr. E. A. Sutherland,
of the General Conference; Dr. Thomas W. Steen,
Dean H. J. Welch, Professor William Sandborn,
Mr. C. 0. Franz,, and Dr. Frances L. Dittes, of
Madison College; Mr. E. C. Waller, of the Pisgah
Institute; Mr. A. A. Jasperson, of the Mountain
Sanitarium, Fletcher, North Carolina; Professor
H. C. Klement, of the Southern Union Conference;
and M. Bessie DeGraw of the Layman Foundation.
This committee will render its report at the
annual meeting.32

The constituency and board did not vote the change

to a junior college. The writer knows from personal con-

versation with members of the Board, that certain officials

in the General Conference felt that it would be best for

President Steen to resign from Madison College. This he

did on May 12, 1948, and was succeeded by W. E. Straw.

Under the administration of President Straw, the

institution dropped all plans for a junior college.

President Straw felt that the institution should continue as

a senior college. He had no burden to see the school accredited

by the Southern Association. In fact, he was very free in

expressing himself against accreditation.33

32. Madison Survey, July 30, 1947, p. 58.

33. The writer knows this from sitting as a member
of the Administrative Council and Executive Committee.

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During his second year in office, he had a stroke which

rendered him incapacitated. The Administrative Council

directed the destinies of the institution for a number of

weeks until a successor could be obtained.

It might be appropriate to state that President Straw

did not appear to get along too well with Dr. Sutherland. His

differences were not so open and pronounced as were those

of President Steen, but nevertheless they were in evidence.

President Straw tried to cooperate and be diplomatic, while

President Steen appeared to be antagonistic. The writer can

give this appraisal of President Straw because he was a member

of the Administrative Council, working very closely with the

president.

Wesley Amundsen was elected president on October 19,

1950. He appeared to be inexperienced in institutional

management. During his year and one-half in office he did

not seem to become adjusted to the objectives and character-

istics of Madison College. He seemed to lack the spirit of

democracy so essential for the operation of Madison in harmony

with its objectives. He had associated [Link] a business

manager who appeared to be dictatorial in his attitude toward

the workers in the institution. Many expressed themselves in

the presence of the writer as feeling that President Amundsen

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was controlled by the business manager.34

It was during President Amundsen's term of office that

the re-organization of the N. A. N. I. and R. E. A. Boards

took place. Credit for perfecting the plan of re-organiza-

tion belongs to A. L. Ham, who was chairman of the R. E. A.

Board. The re-organization took place in November, 1951.

The miter was present and took part in all of the activities

of re-organization. The R. E. A. Board and Constituency

dissolved itself, transferring all of its commitments to a

re-constituted N. A. N. I. Board and Constituency. The new

N. A. N. I. Constituency was made up of members from both

the former R. E. A. and the former N. A. N. I. Constituencies.

The new N. A. N. I. Constituency elected a new Board of

Directors. Under this plan the Board was both a holding and
and operating body.

President Amundsen, after a year and one-half of service,

accepted a call to a position in the General Conference of

Seventh-day Adventists. He was succeeded as president by

A. A. Jasperson on April 8, 1952. President Jasperson came

into the position with many years of experience in operating

a small boarding academy and a small hospital at Fletcher,

North Carolina. He accepted the position with a determination.

3L. This is a personal summation as seen through the

eyes of the writer while serving on the Administrative
.Council and the Executive Committee.

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Odds appeared to be against him. The reasons for the odds

appearing to be against him were (1) his close association

with Dr. E. A. Sutherland, and (2) his lack of a baccalaureate

degree.

Naturally, all of the bickering during those years of

adjusting to new administrations did not create a stabilizing

influence for the students. Many became upset and left school.

Others refrained from entering the school because of the un-

wholesome reports that penetrated the field. However, in

spite of these difficulties, the school has maintained a

fairly even keel, with the prospects for the future looking

brighter.

At the present time, Madison College is offering a strong

program. The present program is outlined as follows:

MAJORS AND MINORS

MAJORS

I. Division of Agriculture
a. Agronomy
b. Animal Husbandry
c. Agricultural Education

II. Division of Arts and Sciences

a. Science
b. Music Education
c. Religious Education
d. Elementary Teacher Education

III. Division of Business

a. Business Administration
b. Business Education (Secretarial)
c. Medical Secretarial Training

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IV. Division of Industrial Education

a. Mechanical Trades
b. Building Trades
c. Industrial Art Education

V. Division of Medical Arts

a. Nursing
b. Medical Technology _

VI. Division of Household Arts and Nutrition

a. Household Arts
b. Nutrition

MINORS

1. Art
2. Anesthesia (2nd minor)
3. Biology
4. Chemistry
5. Education
6. English
7. Social Science
8. Physics and Mathematics
9. X-ray (2nd minor)
10. Any major subject

TERMINAL PROGRAMS

In addition to the degree programs, the

College offers two-year programs leading to
diplomas in Agriculture, Industrial Education,
X-ray, Home Economics and a one-year program
in Attendant Nursing...55

The entrance requirements today are similar to those of

most other colleges. High school graduation or fifteen units

of high school work are required for admission. The student

must be average or above in his scholastic rating. A few

students who do not meet the standards are admitted as

35. Annual Bulletin of Madison College, 1952-53,.p. 25.

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special students. They can take college courses but not

for credit. Students past the age of twenty years, who have

not completed high school, are permitted to take the G. E. D.

test. If they pass it successfully, they are admitted to

college. All incoming freshmen are given a battery of

psychological and placement tests.

The students carry an average of twelve quarter-hours,

spreading their work over four quarters instead of three as

in most other colleges. This plan enables them to have more

time to work for their expenses. One-half of the,day is

spent in the classroom, and the other half of the day is

spent in one of the industries. The plan of the College is

to make the work in the industries educational so that the

student can learn a trade or profession while he is pursuing

his literary training.

The College is gradually shaping its program with the

ultimate goal in view, full accreditation as a senior college.

It would be well to turn the attention now to the

student1 s expenses while in college. It is of interest to

trace the development from the beginning.

The handbook of 1908 listed the expenses as follows:

Board costs the average student from 5 to

;7 a month. Room rent is 32 a month; Library fee,
50 cents a term; Laundry is paid for by the
piece. The total school expenses average
310.50 a month; a part of this may be earned

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by manual labor if proper arrangements are made.

Each student works two hours a day without pay,
to aid the Institute in general expenses.36

The calendar number of the Madison Survey for 1919

carried the same listed expenses as those of 1908.37

The same calendar number carried some interesting in-

formation on board:

Board is served on the cafeteria plan in

Kinne Hall to all members of the Institute
family. No provision is made for students to
board themselves. Two meals a day are served,
and they are paid for at the time of service,
with coupons, procured from the business office.
These coupons are legal tender in dealing with
the Institute. Friends are requested not to
send food to students, fruit excepted.38

An interesting sidelight that goes along with the

questions of board was the process of washing dishes. Every

student owned his own dishes. After each meal he took his

dishes to a long trough and washed them under a faucet of

running water. This means of washing dishes was changed when

the new cafeteria was opened on the first floor of Williams

Hall. The two-meal-a-day proposition also gave way to three

meals sometime during the thirties.

The following announcement appeared in the Madison

Survey, July 14, 1920:

36. The school handbook, The Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute and the Rural Sanitarium, 190'8, p. 16.
37. Madison Survey, August 13, 1919, p. 4.
38. Madison Survey, August 13, 1919, pp. 14-5.

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After the first of September all students

will be charged double the present price for
board, room, and other running expenses of the
School. When a student has been in the School
twelve months, if he has worked enough to cover
school expenses at present rates, he will be
given a rebate to the amount of present prices.
If he has worked less than enough to meet ex-
penses at present rates, but more than one-half
enough, [Link] be given a pro rata rebate. This
makes it possible for those who desire the train-
ing Madison offers to receive full benefit of
an education at the low cost, but it cuts off
those who desire to come in for a short period
only, and those who have no definite plan for
the work of the South, and who now reap the
benefit of low rates without giving just re-
turns in the form of work during the seasons
of greatest activity.,39

The rates increased in 1921 with board becoming

to $9, room rent $3, and the library fee sixty cents.0

The bulletin of 192)4-25 showed a tuition charge of

35 a month.41 This is evidently an error, for the 1921-22

and the 1925-26 Bulletins stated that the j5 tuition charge

was for disfranchised students (students who had lost their

right to participate in the school government because of

discipline).

The 1925-26 Bulletin showed the room rent down to

a month with an annual library, music, and recreation fee

of $5.L2. The 1927-28 Bulletin listed costs showing a

39. Madison Survey, July 14, 1920, p. 3.

40. Annual Bulletin of the Nashville Agricultural and
Normal Institute, 1921, 1922, p. 6.
41. Annual Bulletin of the Nashville Agricultural and
Normal Institute, 1921, p. 6.
)42. Madison Survey, Calendar 1925-1926, p. 9.

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definite increase, Board was up to a maximum of 318 a month,

a heat and light bill of 310 a season, a general fee of 31.50

a month, and an annual library fee of A plan of free

tuition was inaugurated for those willing to sign a contract

that they would serve one year in denominational missionary

work for each year of free tuition in schoo1.43

The catalogue of 1935-36 showed the yearly total ex-

pense as 3318 or approximately 3-20 more than it was ten years

previously,44 By 1945 the expenses had advanced to 340

a month.45

By 1952 the expenses were approximately 380 a month.46

Thus, the expenses today are eight times what they were when

the school was first started, nearly fifty years ago.

The social and recreational activities of the institution

deserve attention, The school has never had an organized

athletic program,. Students who are working their way through

school have no time for participation in organized sports.

They have a full program, and the many- and varied industries

of the College afford ample opportunity for physical exercise.

Whenever the students do have spare time; some get out and

play ball for recreation.

43. Madison Survey, Calendar 1927-1928, pp. 10-11.

44. Annual Bulletin of the Nashville Agricultural and
and Normal institute, 1935-1936, p. 17.
45. Annual Bulletin, Madison College 1945-1946, p. 16.
46. Annual Bulletin; Madison College 1952-1953, p. 16.

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Regular Saturday night programs are provided, which

include lyceum numbers, moving pictures, marches, and hikes.

During the summer months, swimming is also arranged for at

nearby pools. A number of clubs are provided, and each

student has the opportunity to join one of his choice.

The spiritual development of the student is provided

for through the religious services held each Saturday

and each Friday evening and also through the chapel services

held twice each week. The classes offered in the Department

of Religious Education also help to develop the spiritual

side of the studentfs nature. Provision is made for the

student to do active missionary work by visiting homes,

giving Bible studies, and distributing literature.

Each fall and each spring a religious emphasis week

is set apart during which time a special speaker is brought

in. These weeks are commonly called "weeks of prayer."

The present school program is so arranged that the high school

students and the college juniors and seniors attend classes

in the morning and work in the afternoon. The college fresh-

men and sophomores work in the morning and attend class

in the afternoon. The present plan provides for carrying

a regular class load. With the work program, the regular

class load is considered to be twelve quarter hours. School

is conducted four quarters during the year. By going to

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school for the entire year a student is able to get the

same amount of classwork offered in other colleges in a

nine-month year. This is quite different from the plan as

it appeared in 1923:

Madison is a twelve-months' school, and

new classes are organized each four weeks. The
one-study plan and the arrangement of alternate
four weeks for class and four weeks for manual
work makes it possible for students to enroll
each time new classes are formed.47
In 1926 the plan had been revised from a four-week shift

basis to a six-week shift basis. "The student body is

divided, one-half taking class work for six weeks, while the

other half is doing manual work.48

In 1929 the following statement appeared in the annual

bulletin. "For both academic and college students, class

work is carried for three quarters, and full-time manual

work is the program for the fourth quarter."49

The final change in the program, ushering in the plan

that operates to this day was made in 1931:

At a recent meeting of the college faculty

action was taken to put our college work on a
permanent quarter basis, four quarters in each
year; and that the work for the summer quarter

47. Madison Survey, Calendar Number 1923-1924, p. 8.

48. Madison Survey, November 17, 1926, p. 172.
49. Annual Bulletin, The Nashville Agricultural and
Normal Institute and Madison Rural Sanitarium, 1929, 1930, p. 10.

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be especially adapted to teachers and students

who wish to come in for the three months only.
On this plan, a subject is begun and completed
in one ouarter.50

The question is often asked, Do Madison graduates

succeed? Time and space will not permit citing all of

the examples of successs but here are a few:

At the recent California State Board exami-

nation for medical license there were fifty-one
candidates. The newspaper dispatch reported:
Announcing the successful candidates for
licenses, Dr. Charles B. Pinkham, State Board
Secretarys said the highest mark in the examina-
tion was made by Yolanda Sutherland-Brunie (class
of 1 28)s graduate of the College of Medical
Evangelists. While the College of Medical
Evangelists is justly proud to have this rank-
ing go to one of its graduates, Madison comes
in for a share of the satisfaction, because
Dr. Yolanda Sutherland-Brunie was born at Madison
and received her education heres from the learn
ing of the alphabet to the completion of the
pre-medical work that ushered her into medical
schoo1.51

Very recently Dr. Bralliar received a

letter from Shubert Liao, one of Madison
College Chinese graduates of 1938, who on the
second of June was one of a group of over
six hundred students receiving degrees from
Texas A. and M. College. He writes:

After a year's study in the Agriculture

and Mechanical College of Texas, I have ful-
filled all the requirements for the M. S. degree
in Horticulture and Agricultural Economics,
specializing in Cooperative Organization. I

50. Madison Survey, January 1, 1930, p. 4.

51. Madison Surveys June 30, 1939, p. 44.

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passed the two-and-one-half hours oral examina-

tion satisfactorily, may thesis on /Organization
and Development of a Cooperative Citrus Fruit
Marketing Agency in the Lower Rio Grande Valley'
will be published in bulletin form by the Texas
Agricultural Experiment Station or by the Rio
Grande Valley Cooperative Association. The
decision will be made by the Horticultural
Department."52

Of the two hundred twenty-eight nurses

who passed the Tennessee State Board examinations
during the month of November, 1939, ten were
Madison-trained. Thirteen of the number gained
a place on the honor roll with a grade of 90
or above; and of that thirteen, two were Madison
graduates: Miss Johanna Frank of New York and
Russell Herman, the only man nurse in the group)
who came to Madison from Ohio. 53

The following is a quotation from a letter written by

Ushur Goldring, a former Madison student who had been

inducted into the army:

Due to the well-taught Japanese course

taught at Madison College, I was told that
I possessed more knowledge of that language
than any previous candidate. I was questioned
at length concerning Madison, and was assigned
by the Board of the Army Specialized Training
Program to study Advanced Japanese and other
courses, such as Area, Geopolitics, and,
Military Science in Harvard University.S
)
4

52. Madison Survey, June 7, 1939, p. 44.

53. Madison Survey, January 3, 1940, p. 4.
54. Madison Survey, October 6, 1943, p. 76.

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 CH&PTER IV

SCHOOLS FOR MEN OF THE MOUNTAINS

One of the primary purposes for the establishment of

a school at Madison was to train teachers, agricultural

workers, and health workers to go out and work among the

people of the hills. When the school was established, the

people in the hills needed help. Their educational facilities

were meager and often nil; their land was worn out and eroded;

their health was in a precarious condition with the incidence

of disease rather common. It was to help such as these that

the school was founded. It did not take the early students

at Madison long to hear the cries from these regions and to

see the need. They had but one purpose in view and that was

to get a speedy training and get out into the field to help

those in need. Some even had the ambition to go to foreign

lands to do this work. The following quotation from the

Madison Survey reveals a real pioneer spirit:

Brethren Wolcott and Kinsman were students

in Emmanuel Missionary College at Berrien Springs,
Michigan, when the Madison property was purchased,
and they were among the number who came to Madison
as pioneers. They had part in the very beginnings
of the new enterprise, knew what it was to live
in "Old Probation Hall," and gathered day after
day for class work and for meals in the old plan-
tation house. They had a hand in raising the first
gardens and in building the first cottages Then,
these two young men and their wives were the first
to launch into more distant sections to carry for-
ward the ideas that lay at the foundation of the

88

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Madison School. With but a few dollars in their

pockets they went to the island of Cuba, worked
their way while learning to speak the Spanish
language, with the help of friends bought a tract
of land, and conducted a school.1

About one and orE-half years after the opening of the

Madison School, two of the young men students caught the

vision and launched forth to start a community work. These

men were C. F. Alden and B. N. Mulford. They traveled about

fifteen miles northwest of the school and settled down on

two hundred fifty acres of wooded land. Only seven acres

was cleared and this seven acres was clay land that had been

used for nearly one hundred years in the cultivation of

tobacco. The neighbors eyed them with concern and insinuated

that nothing would grow on that worn-out land. These two

hardy souls were not to be discouraged, for they had come

into this area to show the people how to live better, how to

cultivate the soil and grow food as well as tobacco. These

men had some ideas about agriculture to teach the people.

They first plowed the field with a turning-plow and then

followed the process with a bull-tongue plow, thus turning

to the surface soil that had not seen the light of day for

nearly a century. They planted tomatoes and reaped a crop

such as had never been seen by the natives. The eyes of the

1. Madison Survey, April 23, 1924, p. 65.

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community were opened and these men became the agricultural

teachers and advisers of the entire area. People who had

eyed these foreigners with suspicion now became their warmest

friends.2

There had not been a school of any sort in the community

for seven years. The last teacher had so much trouble that

she decided the best thing to do was get married and leave.3

When the people found out that Mrs. Ashton, one of the company,

was a school teacher, they asked her to open a school. Con-

sequently Alden and Mulford built a schoolhouse and paid for

it, calling it the Oak Grove Garden Schoo1.4 Ere long the

enrollment jumped to approximately seventy-five children.5

Now one can readily see the golden opportunity thus

afforded for the enlightenment of not only the children but the

entire community. These children were taught principles of

healthful living such as cleanliness, care of their bodies,

and better eating habits. Meat had been their principal item

of diet, but now, learning the value of vegetables, they

made vegetables a part of the diet, thus raising their stand-

ard of health and cutting down the incidence of disease. The

2. A. W. Spalding, The Men of the Mountains, (Nashville,

Tennessee: Southern Publishing Association, 1915), pp. 166-171.
3. Ibid., p. 166.
L. MC: cit.
5. op. cIE:, p. 169.

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children had carried these ideas home and undoubtedly had

influenced their parents. In time the parents gathered

together in meetings and were instructed by Alden and

Mulford. Mrs. Ashton taught the women of the neighborhood

how to bake wholesome whole wheat bread. Work of this kind

was indeed a step toward the right type of educationj for

these people of the hills had never known anything but corn

pone and soda biscuits. The following quotation gives an

insight concerning the initiative and practicability of

Mrs. Ashton:

Very few of the poor people in the back-

woods districts of the South know anything
about bread making. Usually corn-pone or hot
biscuits is all the bread they have. But at
.the back of the Alden cottage there now sits a
unique oven, built of limestone picked off the
farm, and dust taken from the middle of the
road and mixed with lime and salt. The entire
cost of the oven, aside from labor, was forty
cents. This oven was built by Sister Ashton
with her own hands, while the men were cutting
saw-logs. This sister is a practical bakerj
and had formerly run a bakery in Pittsburg.

Never was one cent charged to the people for education.

It was as free to both children and adults as were all other

services rendered by these pioneers.7

When a hive of bees becomes too large, the bees swarm

6. Edward [Link], "Practical Workings," The

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute (Mountain View,
# California: Pacific Press Publishing Company, 1908), p. 33.
7. Spalding, op. cit., p. 170.

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and new colonies are founded. Such was the case with the

Oak Grove Garden School. After one year, with the situa-

tion well in hand, Mulford decided to move on and find

another needy community. Such has been the spirit of these

students of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute

through the years. Mulford moved to a place about twenty

miles to the east in the ridge country. Here he found

another community lacking in educational facilities. This

was the place for him; so he settled down on another worn-

out farm. The neighbors insinuated that it was so poor that

one could not raise even an umbrella on it.8 Mulford was

undaunted, for he knew from experience of the year before.

With the same methods as before he broke the soil and planted

seven acres to alfalfa. The crop was abundant. This was

the first time that alfalfa had ever been grown on the ridge.

Naturally, it was a wonderment to the residents of that area

and soon became an adopted crop. Previously nothing but

tobacco had been grown on the ridge. Today that area is one

of the greatest strawberry-producing areas in the South

(Portland, Tennessee). Many railways cars and truckloads of

strawberries are shipped out every season. The strawberries

8. Spalding, op. cit., p. 172.

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produce more income for each acre than does tobacco. All

credit is due to Alden amd Mulford for persuading these

ridge people to substitute strawberries for tobacco.9

Mulford's school soon grew to an enrollment equal to

that of Alden's school. Mulford and his associates did a

great deal of community work. They built a small medical dis-

pensary on the school grounds, and an institution stands there

today which still ministers to the needs of that large community.

The Sanitarium burned to the ground on February 2, 1935. Again

it was rebuilt, and the present institution is now operated

by the Kentucky-Tennessee Conference. It has a patient

capacity of thirty-five, and is keeping full at the present

time, according to Mr. Lynd, the superintendent, who is a

personal friend of the writer.

The out-school movement grew by leaps and bounds during

the early years of Madison. A report given by Professor

E. A. Sutherland in 1912 indicates this fact:

This Institution was established for the

purpose of training men and women to conduct
rural industrial schools in the South. Several
schools were in operation at the time of our
last meeting. The number has since then'in-
creased to twenty-eight. Last year the reports
from these schools show that nearly one thousand
pupils were in attendance.10

9. The Portland Herald, March 9, 1928.

10. A report on progress from 1908-1912 given by
E. A. Sutherland to the annual meeting of the N. A. N. I.
November 29, 1912.

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 914

Mrs. Ellen G. White wrote concerning the establishment

of schools like Madison, and was quoted by E. A. Sutherland:

Every possible means should be devised to

establish schools of the Madison order in various
parts of the South; and those who lend their
means and their influence to help this work, are
aiding the cause of God.11

Another early school was the one established by

Brother C. Holm at Paradise Ridge, Tennessee, in 1907. While

out selling books, Brother Holm met a man who knew of Madison

and offered him thirty acres of land if he would come and

establish a school on the ridge. Brother Holm moved to the

piece of land with only forty dollars in his pocket, an axe,

a mattoxj and a few carpenter tools. Such a move took real

courage and an abundance of faith. He repaired the shack on

the place, cleared the land, and finally built a schoolhouse.

The schoolhouse came as a gift of friends in his home church

back in Idaho. His brother came South to aid him in the pro-

ject. Before the schoolhouse was built, school was conducted

in a room eight by fourteen feet with ten pupils in attendance.12

The following report given by Mrs. H. M. Walan, of

Chestnut Hill, is typical of the practical work that was done

by the Madison-trained students who went out into rural

11. Edward A. Sutherlandj "In Recognition of Practical

Education," The Rural Schools of the South, (Nashville,
Tennessee: Southern Publishing Association, 1917), p. 26.
12. Edward A. Sutherland, "Practical Workings,"
The Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, (Mountain
View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Associationj 1908),
pp. 37-39.

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communities:

A year ago at our school we cooperated with

the county agent in starting a canning club in
our neighborhood. Mrs. Payne, who is the county
agent, came up to our school, and we got to-
gether the girls from three public schools in
the community, and they met at our school build-
ing, and the canning club was organized there.
She is a very busy woman, has to go around to
visit all the county organizations, and she
asked me if I would not take charge of the local
work and go around to the homes and help the girls.
My daughter and I did that as much as we could,
going to the homes of the people and showing them
how to can. One day two women walked .two or three
miles to our place to ask me to come the next day
and show them how to can string beans. They did
not know the least thing about how to can, but
they bought some tin cans, didntt know how to
seal them nor to prepare the beans. I helped
them, and they put up quite a number of cans,
several dozen, and they told me they were keeping
nicely. When we first went there, if a house-
wife had one dozen cans of preserves or fruit,
she thought she had a right smart already; but
this year)after the canning club started, there
is not a family in the neighborhood who had not
at least one hundred up, and one family has five
hundred of fruit and vegetables; I spent two or
three days with them helping them. They had
beans, tomatoes, summer squash, beets, carrots,
corn, and fruit. This last year the canning club
has been reorganized. We wrote to two manufactur-
ing concerns and asked them if they would not like
to send us a canner, and so we had two canners
sent us complete, which we took around from house
to house. Several of the girls from our school
canned a dozen cans, and took them to the county
fair at Gallatin, and they took the prize.12

13. Conference of Rural School Workers, Madison,

Tennessee, Morning Session, 9:00 Wednesday, October 3, 1917.
Dr. P. P. Claxton conducting round table discussion.

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 Another interesting report of rural work was given by

A. Graves, of Lawrenceburg:

I went into the neighborhood as a farmer.

We had our own children to educate; so we
started a school for them in the wood shed in
the back yard.. The neighbors learned what we
were doing, and outside children began to come.
The attendance of the little school in the wood
shed increased each year until the building was
full.

Feeling that we should train our neighbors

along, agricultural lines, we athered together
the farmers. A club was organized. The work
developed year by year, and we have had the
help of several State agricultural men.
Professor Tate of Peabody College visited us and
others. They seemed to enjoy themselves. It seems
strange, when we think of those men coming to address
the farmers of the community in our wood shed in the
back yard, but that was the community center.

With the help of friends, we finally put up

a school building. In addition to other sub-
jects, we have always conducted industrial work
in the school. In the shop we teach broom-
making, carpentry, and blacksmithing; and sewing
and cooking, are also taught.

The people in the neighborhood have always

been friendly. A part of our work has been along
medical lines. Brother and Sister Reese were
here with us for six years. Night after night
was spent with the sick people. We now have a
neat building containing two rooms for patients
and a treatment room. This is a great help in
our community.

We have cooperated with others in Sunday

School work. For nine years wife and I have
taught the Bible Class and the young people's
class. We have furnished from two to five

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 97

Sunday School teachers ever since we have been

there.14

Many schools have been established in the southeastern

part of the United States by Madison students since the

founding of Madison nearly fifty years av,c,. Some existed for

a short time and then, having accomplished their purpose,

passed out of existence. At one time as many as fifty such

institutions or groups were in existence.15 They were located
in Tennessee, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, hentucky, and

North and South Carolina. Some grew into rather large sdaools

and hospitals, while others remained small family affairs;

but all ministered to the needs of the whole man. These

community pioneers have made a definite contribution to the

development of the South in educational, social, health,

spiritual, and agricultural lines.

With the recent growth of the public school system,

reaching out into every mountain and valley with modern means

of transportation, the school function of these community

enterprises is gradually dying out. Health education and the

agricultural education still travel on hand in hand with

spiritual enlightenment to meet the present-day needs of these

1)1. Madison Survey, January 12, 1921, p. 4.

15. ('Progress of Thirty YearsI ll added in 1941 in
printing of) Ellen G. White, Words of Encouragement to Self-
supporting Workers (Madison, Tennessee: MadiSon College Press,
1911, p. 38.

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 98

rural people. Some of the hospitals operated by these

pioneers are today serving the needs of many counties.

Not so lon; ago one of these hospitals -- the Lawrenceburg

Hospital and Sanitarium -- was serving the needs of five

counties. 16

Some of these schools that grew into larger institutions

were the Mountain Sanitarium and School (Fletcher, North

Carolina), the Little Creek School and Sanitarium (Concord,

Tennessee), Pisgah Industrial Institute and Sanitarium

(Candler, North Carolina), the Pewee Valley Hospital and

Sanitarium (Pewee Valley, Kentucky), the Pine Forest Academy

(Chunky, Mississippi), and the Fountain Head School and

Sanitarium (Fountain Head, Tennessee). Two of these larger

institutions have been taken over by conferences and are

operated by them as conference academies and conference

hospitals. The two are Pisgah, now owned and operated by

the Carolina Conference, and Fountain Head, now owned and

operated by the Kentucky-Tennessee Conference.17

The last of the above-listed institutions to be founded

was the Little Creek School and Sanitarium. This was founded

.....14,0061081

16. Verified by hiss Florence Fellemende Secretary of

the Layman Foundation, owner of the Lawrenceburg property.
17. The writer is personally acquainted with the
transactions and parties involved in both cases.

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 99

in 19140 by Leland Straw and his wife Alice. Professor Straw -

had been the head of the Music Department at Madison

College for a number of years, and his wife was one of the

teachers in that department. They both were very talented

young people, talented in many lines besides music.

Professor Straw was a builder, a mechanic, and a man of

general ability. He was not a "jack of all trades" and

"master of none" as the phrase often is stated. He was

proficient in whatever he turned his hand to. If he was not

proficient in any line, he took the necessary steps to be-

come proficient. The spirit of self-sacrificing service

took hold of Professor Straw, and he decided to give up his

music-teaching job and to go forth and establish a school.

At one time with thirty-five students enrolled he had a

thirty-piece band. One day he loaded his belonjngs into a

four-wheel trailer, hitched it behind his car, and set out

for his new work, two hundred miles away. His earthly goods

were limited as was the money in his pockets. He went forth

in faith and with a great measure of courage and determination.

He settled on a large acreage near Knoxville, Tennessee,

leased to him by the Layman Foundation. He began to work

with his own hands. The first building was a log cabin

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 100

constructed by himself and Mr. Carl Frederick. It proved

to be a cozy little log cabin. Kind friends came forth

with financial aid, and soon the first school building was

constructed. It later became part of a much larger building

housing the sanitarium. Other workers joined Professor Straw,

and today he has a good-sized company conducting a successful

high school of forty-five students and operating a nice

little hospital. Madison did something for these young people

just as it has for countless others during the years of its

existence. It instilled in them a spirit of self-sacrificing

service that can never be shaken off. Truly Madison has

succeeded in obtaining her original objective as is portrayed

by these many educational and medical enterprises scattered

over the Southland. The following list was printed on the

cover of a map, put out by the Layman Foundation about- 1240:

Altamont Pines, Coalmont, Tennessee

Asheville Agricultural School and Mountain Sanitarium

Fletcher, North Carolina.

Battle Creek Health Studio, 1718 West End Avenue, Nashville,

Tennessee.

Bee, F. D. and Family, Route 1, Box 238, Signal Mountain,

Tennessee.

Biggls Health Studio, 121-12t McDaniel Building, Springfield,

Missouri.

Birmingham Agricultural School and Pine Hill Sanitarium,

Route 6, Box 202, Birmingham, Alabama.

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 101

Cartwright, Mrs. Ida, and group Ellijay, Georgia.

Chestnut Hill Farm School and Rest Cottages, Portland,

Tennessee.

Collison, Mr. and Mrs. Charles D., Route 3, Box 28 A,

Ellijay, Georgia.
Cumberland Mountain Sanitarium, Monteagle, Tennessee.

Dahlonega, Georgia, School, Route 4, Dahionega, Georgia.

Deer Lodge School, Deer Lodge, Tennessee.

Dunn, Mr. and Mrs. F. E. Route 50 Ellijay, Georgia.

El Reposo Sanitarium, Florence, Alabama.

Fountain Head Sanitarium and Rural School, Fountain Head,
Tennessee.
Georgia Sanitarium Route L, Box 240, Atlanta, Georgia.

Glen Alpine Industrial School, Route 1, Box 154, Morganton,

North Carolina.

Good Health Place, 85 Patton Avenue, Asheville, North

Carolina.
Halverstott, Mr. and Mrs. Charles, Route 5, Ellijay, Georgia.
Hurlbutt Farm and. Scott Sanitarium, Reeves, Georgia.

Laurel Craigs Sanitarium and School, Banner Elk, North Carolina.-

Lawrenceburg Sanitarium and Hospital, Lawrenceburg, Tennessee.
Leslie Treatment Rooms and Sanitarium,. Red Boiling; Springs,
Tennessee.

Little Creek School and Sanitarium, Route 1, Concord)

Tennessee.

Louisville Treatment Rooms, 626 S. Second Street, Louisville,

KentuCky.

Mulford, Mr. and Mrs. B. N., Wren's Nest, Monteagle,

Tennessee.

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 102

Murray, M. W. ) Route 6, Mountain Grove, Missouri.

Neil, Mrs. C. M., Lomax, North Carolina.

Oak Ridge Church and School, Morganton, North Carolina.

Parvo Sanitarium, Paris, Tennessee.

Pearson, Jim (colored), Sterrets, Alabama.

Pewee Valley Sanitarium and Hospital, Pewee Valley, Kentucky.

Pine Cove Sanitarium, Old Fort, North Carolina.

Pine .Forest Academy and Sanitarium, Chunky, Mississippi.

Pisgah Institute and Sanitarium, Candler, North Carolina.

Port, Mr. and Mrs., and Caroline, Morganton, North Carolina.

Rest Harbor Rural Association, Lock Box 62, Loduort,

Kentucky.

Rice, Bryon E. Route 4, Box 181, Whiteville, North Carolina.

Road's End, Greutli, Tennessee.

Rough River Academy, Hartford, Kentucky.

Sand Mountain Academy, Long Island)Alabama.

Shady Rest, Route 1, Crossville, Tennessee.

Takoma Sanitarium and Hospital, Greeneville, Tennessee.

Valley of the Moon Rest Home, Celo, North Carolina.

Vollmer, Mr. L. F.,Flat Rock, North Carolina.

Waccamaw Institute, Bolton, North Carolina.

Wildwood Sanitarium, Wildwood, Georgia.18

18. List from the back of a map put out by the Layman
Foundation, about 1940.

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Truly God works in many marvelous and unseen ways, His

wonders to perform. Mrs. Lida Scott, a daughter of Mr. Funk,

the founder of the Funk and Wagnalls Publishing Company, went

to the Battle Creek Sanitarium as a patient. She came in con-

tact with Seventh-day Adventists at Battle Creek and became

definitely interested in their work and their methods of

healthful living. She heard of the work that Professor

Sutherland and Professor Magan were attempting to do in the

South. She came down to Madison to visit in 1914 and was

deeply impressed with what she saw. In 1916 she joined the

organization. Many thousands of dollars of her funds have

been invested in buildings .and equipment on the Madison campus.

She was possessed of a definite desire to do something to

help establish many little institutions like Madison. It was

mainly through her efforts and with her gifts that so many

institutions were established. In 1924 she organized and

chartered the Layman Foundation.19The purpose of that organ-

ization was to foster the self-supporting work and to admin-

ister funds for the founding and. building up of such work.

These small institutions are often called "units," that is,

they are units of the mother institution, "Madison."

Madison is indeed the "mother institution," for every

year the workers from these units gather at Madison in an

19. Madison Survey, November, 1952, p. 8.

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 104

annual home-coming. This annual meeting was inaugurated in

the year 1908, just four years after the founding of Eadison.2
These delegates come together to relate experiences, to study

Mutual problems)and in general to encourage one another.

In 1932 the Rural Workers Guild was organized. Its

membership and purpose were thus stated, as quoted from the

recommendations of the Self-supporting Convention held in

1932:

That we organize an association known

as the Rural Workers Guild, whose membership
shall ..be composed of those people actively
engaged in rural activities along the special
lines advocated for laymen, and of such senior
students in the Madison School who are planning
to actively engage in rural work and who have
demonstrated their eligibility by the performance
of some outstanding work in the school.

.That the object of the organization shall

be to foster a spirit of cooperation and good
fellowship among the workers engaged in rural
activities; to stimulate each other to reach
greater efficiency in the various lines of
work; and to unitedly promote an effort to
interest others in the rural work.21

The following quotation from the Madison Survey gives.

an indication of student feeling regarding the self-

supporting missionary work in 1932:

20. Statement made to writer by hiss Florence Fellemende,

Secretary of the Layman Foundation.
21. Madison Survey, April 27, 1932, pp. 62-63.

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 105

The Nashville Agricultural and Normal

Institute is a training school for young men
and women who are preparing themselves to.
enter self-supporting missionary service. We
students believe that now is the time to make
plans for our future work. So with. Mrs.. Scott
as our advisor, we have elected new officers
for the "Southern Band." hr. Bisalski is the
leader of our band.22

Later in the same year the name of the organization was

changed from Southern Band to Junior Guild.23

In December, 1933, the name of the Rural Workers
Guild was changed to Laymenfs Extension League and a

Junior Laymen's Extension League superseded the Junior

Guild.24
In 1946 the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists

took special cognizance of the expanding influence of the

self-supporting work, not only of Madison, and all of its

units, but of all such work throughout the United States.

As a result they set up the North American Commission of

Self-supporting workers, with a secretary for that work in

the General Conference. Dr. E. A. Sutherland)the founder

and for over forty years the president of Madison College,

was chosen as the secretary for this new commission.25

22. Madison Survey, January 27, 1932, p. 12.

23. Madison Survey July 6, 1932, pp. 103-104.
2)4. Madison Survey, November 28, 1934, p. 163.
25. Madison Survey, September 15, 1946, p. 73.

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 106

Consequently there followed the next year the formulation

of an organization of all institutions engaged in self-

supporting work. The Survey described the action taken:.

Representatives of the units who are

carrying forward self-supporting rural missionary
work in the South, together with men and women
from other parts of the United States who are
engaged in similar educational and medical
missionary enterprises on a self-supporting
basis, met in Cincinnati on the fourth and fifth
of March to organize the Association of Seventh-
day Adventist Self-supporting Institutions. This
was an important meeting, the actions of which
will affeCt the future laymanTs missionary work
of the den9qmination in the entire North American
Division.2

While some continue to found institutions, others are

going out as trained nurses, technicians, teachers, farmers,

and mechanics, to settle in rural communities in any way that

they can. Thus the program goes on and on, and no one will

ever be able to evaluate the contribution that Madison College

has made and will continue to make in the development of

the South.

26. Madison Survey, March 30, 1947, p. 21.

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 CHAPTER V

THE GOSPEL OF HEALTHFUL LIVING

Professor E. A. Sutherland had learned a great deal

about sanitarium work from his contact with Dr. John Harvey

Kellogg in Battle Creek. The idea of having a sanitarium

connected with the school at Madison was,in the early thinking

of the Madison founders. This was reenforced by the instruc-

tion given by Mrs. Ellen G. White in the fall of 1904:

I have been instructed that there are

decided advantages to be gained by the estab-
lishment of a school and a sanitarium in
close proximity, that they may be a help one
to the other. Instruction regarding this was
given to me when we were making decisions
about the location of our buildings in Takoma
Park. Whenever it is possible to have a school
and a sanitarium near enough together for help-
ful co-operation between the two institutions,
and yet separated sufficiently to prevent one
from interfering with the work of the other,
let them be located so as to carry on their
work in conjunction. One institution will give
influence and strength to the other; and, too,
money can be saved by both institutions,
because each can share the advantages of the
other.1

At the third meeting of the owners of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal School held February 5, 1905, it

was "voted on motion of E. A. Sutherland, seconded by

1. Ellen G. White, "A Country Sanitarium," The Madison

School, Special Testimonies, Series B., No. 11 (Madison
College, Tennessee: Madison College Press, l946), p. 10.

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 108

Mrs. Druillard, that the Body express itself as in favor

of inviting Dr. Julia White to visit Madison in the interests

of the new Sanitarium; that she be invited to stay at the

school while here, but that she meet her own traveling

expense.2

On Sunday, June 3, 1906, a special meeting of the

Board was held at the tent on the corner of Meridian and

Grace Streets in Nashville. At that meeting the following

discussion and actions ensued:

Professor Sutherland stated that the object

of the meeting was to consider the matter of
starting a small sanitarium in connection with
the school. The Union Conference, at its meet-
ing in January, 1905, approved of the school
starting a small sanitarium, providing there
should be no responsibility of financing the
enterprise resting on the conference.

Professor Sutherland stated that Brother

Pfluegradt who has been here several times
and looked over the situation, was much inter-
ested in the matter and is willing to furnish
the means necessary. As to the kind of building,
Professor Sutherland stated that he thought a
cottage of about eight or nine rooms, at an
approximate cost of ':.2,000 would be sufficient
for the main building. Later on there may be a
necessity for putting up other smaller cottages
which might be used interchangeably either by
the sanitarium or by the school. He thought
a large well might be bored which would furnish
ample water supply. He stated that it was not
their plan to have a large sanitarium, but some-
thing small, so that the students in the school

2. Third meeting of owners of Nashville Agricultural

and Normal School, held February 5, 1905.

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 109

might have an actual experience in the treat-

ment of the sick, and thus gain an all-round
missionary experience.

Moved by Ford and seconded by Hanson that

the plans outlined by Professor Sutherland be
adopted. Voted unanimously. Professor Sutherland
moved that the Board invite [Link]
to unite with the school on the same basis as
the other teachers, and take a special interest
in the sanitarium. This was seconded by Hanson
and voted. The meeting was then adjourned.3

Doubt at first manifested itself in the minds of the

early founders as to whether a sanitarium could be established.

The road from the main highway was narrow and poor and

practically impassable part of the year. The question was,

Would people come out that far from Nashville for treatment?

During one of the visits of Mrs. White, she told them that

the Lord wanted the Sanitarium built and that He would see

that the patients came. She kept chiding them and said that

she was not going to leave until the Sanitarium was started.

She stood on what is now the school campus and pointed, in

a westerly direction, to a spot covered with trees and

underbrush, and stated that there was the place for the

location of the Sanitarium. She insisted that they get a

team and plow from the barn and turn the soil on that location

as a beginning. She then encouraged them to begin building.4

3. Minutes of Board Meeting of Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute held at the tent, corner of Meridian and
Grace Streets, Nashville, Tennessee, June 3, 1906.
4. Lecture by Dr. Floyd Bralliar to the College
Orientation class Januar 21, 1945.

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 110

In the year 1908 Mrs. White wrote an appeal for the

Madison School in which she stated:

It is essential that there shall be a

sanitarium connected with the Madison School.
The educational work at the school and the
sanitarium can go forward hand in hand. The
instruction given at the school will benefit
the patients, and the instruction given to the
sanitar,um patients will be a blessing to the
school.

That same year Professor P. T. Magan stated:

We were also told that there should be a

sanitarium on the school farm. This would re-
quire spacious grounds where the patients might
have plenty of room, and where gardens for
flowers and vegetables could be provided. Work-
ing in the garden would be a pleasant and
healthful exercise for the patients, and would
largely take the place of more artificial ex-
ercise in a gymnasium.6

Medical work was practically forced upon the founding

group before any preparations had been made for receiving

patients. It was during the early days when the old Plantation

House served as the center of all activity that a sick man

came out from Nashville. He said that he understood that

with rest, their diet, and their method of treatment, he

would get well. The answer was, We have no preparations

5. Ellen G. White; An Appeal For the Madison School,

May 25, 1908, p. 2.
6. Percy T. Magan, "Inception and Development," The
Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute (Mountain View,
California: Pacific Press Publishing Company, 1908), p. 12.

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 111

made; we are not yet ready to receive patients; you will have

to return to Nashville." His insistence caused them to relent,

and they finally said, "If you are willing to sleep on the

porch, you can stay." One end of the front porch was curtained

off and transformed into a sleeping porch. With proper rest,

diet, and simple treatment he was soon restored to health, to

,o back to Nashville and sing the praises of the new institu-

tion. From that time on, there was a continual appeal from

those in need of care.?

The first building to be used for sanitarium purposes

was a small cottage, a one-story building in the shape of a

carpenter's square. The building contained treatment rooms,

each opening onto a porch. The rooms were heated with wood

stoves. Every morning before the patients were up, the fire

boy would enter the rooms and build the fires. Facilities

were meager. The water for treatments was heated in a pan

on a wood stove. The treatment table consisted of a wide

board on two wooden horses. In spite of the facilities,

efficiency was evident. Mother Druillard (sixty years old

at that time) had taken hold of the sanitarium work in a

vigorous way. With the aid of a class of three nurses

7. Madison Survey, July 9, 1930, p. 105.

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 112

that she had been training, she was able to meet every

situation and make the best use of the facilities at hand.

There has never been another class like that first class

of three young women. They were so well trained that they

were able to go out into the rural homes and seek out the

sick, minister to their needs and meet all kinds of

emergencies without fear or complaint. Mother Druillard

served as manager, doctor, and nurse and in any other capacity

in the early days of the Sanitarium.8

A patient wrote the following lines about the Sanitarium:

A little bit of heaven came

Upon the earth to stay
Developing by steady growth
To what it is today.

And as the angels view it, sure

It looks as sweet and fair
They cannot bear to leave it, but
Remain a-hovtring there,

Where doctors, nurses, patients, guests,

And helpers, every one,
May get the help each needs the most.
And that spells MADISON/9

People had predicted that a sanitarium at Madison would

not survive, for only a few sick teachers and the poor who

could not go elsewhere would patronize it. Time and progress

change everything. The street car service was extended out

8. Madison Survey, July 9, 1930, pp. 105-106.

9. Madison Survey, June 2L, 1936, p. 101.

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from Nashville north to Gallatin; better roads were built;

and automobiles became more common. As a result the sani-

tarium work grew by leaps and bounds. One might say that it

grew cottage by cottage. From a small, four-bed institution

at its inception, it has grown until today it can accommodate

two hundred patients. From the very first, the Rural Sanitarium,

as it was known in the early years, became a distinct asset

in the operation of the school. The school has furnished

the trained help to man the Sanitarium, whereas the

Sanitarium in turn has furnished financial aid for the opera-

tion of the school. Hand in hand, under one management, the

two institutions have worked together for nearly fifty years.

Neither could have existed without the other.

Dr. Newton Evans was the first physician to connect with

the Rural Sanitarium. The minutes of a special committee

appointed by an informal meeting of the Board of Trustees

in 1908 give interesting information concerning the agree-

ment between Dr. Evans and the Rural Sanitarium:

Dr. Evans then made the following propo-

sition: That in the event of his connecting
with the institution as superintendent of the
sanitarium he is to give the general examination
of men patients, and to receive the entire fee
for the same. He is to have the entire work
for both men and women of stomach, urinary,
sputum, and blood examinations and analysis,
and to receive the entire fee for the same.
He is to do the surgery, and to receive fifty
per cent of the fee for the same.

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 The percentage of fees which are to be
paid to Dr. Evans are to be paid only in the
event of the institution's being able to collect
the same fee from the patient. If the fee is not
collected the Doctor loses his share the same
as the institution loses its share.

Dr. Evans, free of cost to the institu-

tion and with the understanding that pay for
the same is included in the above enumerated
remunerations, is to care for, prescribe for,
and have general charge of all surgical
patients after the operation, dress and care
for the wound, etc. Dr. Evans is also to
assist in the teaching of the Nurses' Class,
and to give consultation to the lady physician
free of charr,e10

Professor Magan raised the question of

outside practice, namely: If work is slack
and there is an opportunity to do some outside
Practice would Dr. Evans be willing to take
that on a percentage basis. Dr. Evans replied
that if he did any outside practice he would
want everything there was in it for himself,
as when it comes to collecting for outside
practice all the physician collects anyhow is
a percentage. 11

Dr. Evans stayed with the Madison Sanitarium until

the Loma Linda Medical School was founded and he was called

to the presidency of that institution. He was followed by

Dr. Lillian Magan (wife of Percy T. Magan) at the Madison

Sanitarium. Dr. Lillian came after having had wide medical

10. Minutes of a special committee appointed by the

informal meeting . of the Board of Trustees of the Nashville
Agricultural and Normal Institute, June, 1908, pp. 1-2.
11. Informal meeting of Board of Trustees .of the Nashville
Agricultural and Normal Institute, June 30, 1908, p. 2,

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 115

experience in the Battle Creek Sanitarium. A woman doctor

was a novelty in those days, but under her direction the

Sanitarium prospered.12

After having engaged successively six physicians, it

became apparent that it would be better to train two of

the men connected with the institution. In 1910 Professors

Magan and Sutherland entered medical training at Vanderbilt

each day on motorcycles. In addition, they met with the faculty

and held meetings at night and on week ends. It was a

rigorous program, especially when one considers that

Professor Sutherland was forty-six years of age when he

entered the medical school and just under fifty years of

age when he graduated.13

Doctors Percy and Lillian Magan remained with the

Sanitarium until December, 1917, at which time they became

associated with the Loma .Linda Medical School. Exactly two-

thirds of the Sanitarium medical staff departed at that

one time, leaving Doctor Sutherland and the remaining third

to carry the load alone.

12. Madison Survey, July 9, 1930, pp. 105-106.

13. Madison Survey, February 21, 1940, p. 15.

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 116

Some of the doctors to join the institution in later

years and to remain for a length of time were Dr. Nicola,

Dr. Blanche Noble, Dr. Lew Wallace, Dr. George Droll,

Dr. Joe Sutherland, Dr. Murlin Nester, Dr. Harry Witzum,

andDr. Roy Bowes.

The present staff of doctors is composed of practically

all specialists, who function as a group practice. They are

Dr. Julian Gant, medical director, practicing Internal Medi-

cine; Dr. James Schuler, surgeon; Dr. David Johnson, psychia-

trist; Dr. Naomi Pitman, pediatrician; Dr. Gilbert Johnson,

radiologist; Dr. Cyrus Kendall, patholo,ist; Dr. George

Horsley, obstetrician. In addition, there are two residents

on the staff. Dr. James C. Trivett is the dentist.

Some of the early workers, still with the Sanitarium,

are Richard Walker., who has faithfully cared for the lawns

and flowers through the years; Elizabeth Windhorst; Mr. and

Mrs. E. R. Moore; Mrs. Kathryn Bertram; Mrs. Edna Face;

and Walter Wilson, purchasing agent.

The training for nurses began as a one-year course and

continued as such until 1914, at which time it was lengthened

to two years. It continued as a two-year program until 1919;

then it was. lengthened to a three-year program for the women.

A fourth year, known as pre-nursing, was added later. This

program has continued until the present time. Action has been

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 117

taken to cut down the pre-nursing program from one year

to six months beginning with the fall quarter of 1953.

The Sanitarium continued to grow as demands increased

for its services. As time went on, modern conveniences

were installed in keeping with the times. The Sanitarium

installed a Delco lighting plant, and electric lights were

turned on for the first time on January 7, 1921,%hese re

placingthe faithful old kerosene lamps. In October of

the same year steam heat replaced the stoves. Also during

the year a new sewage disposal system was installed. A new

Sanitarium kitchen, the gift of Mrs. Lida Scott, opened in

May, 1922. During July, 1922, the women's treatment room

was remodeled. October 8 of that year brought a fire that

destroyed the powerhouse at the Sanitarium.

In 1923 the county black-topped the Neely's Bend Road

between the village of Madison and the School property. The

next year Mrs. Druillard purchased a Ford sedan and a Ford

jitney for service over the new road. Now the Sanitarium

was more accessible to Nashville and patronage increased. In

April,' 1924, the installation of a steam-heated hot water

system obviated the necessity of heating water on a stove.

March 25, brought the installation of private telephones

in the patients' rooms. The student hospital was completed

in 1926 and 1927. A twelve-room stucco cottage known as

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North Hall was completed in August, 1927. The Administration

Building was constructed during 1927 and 1928. The X-ray

Department was the first to move into the new Administration

Building in October, 1928.

Beginning in1927 and ending in 1929 the Sanitarium

received a face-lifting. The earlier frame buildings were

given a coat of white stucco and finished in a Spanish style

of architecture. These buildings were connected with covered

runways with arched openings on the sides. Mr. H. E. Standish

was the one mainly responsible for the great transformation

that was wrought. He was also responsible for the new street

lights, mounted on artistically-made concrete posts with

fancy wrought-iron fixtures, which were constructed on the

Sanitarium grounds in the summer of 1929.

A public-address system, the gift of Mrs. Lida Scott,

was installed in the Sanitarium in the fall of 1930. Through

this means it was possible to broadcast the parlor programs

and lectures to the patients who were unable to leave their

rooms.

The nurses organized an Alumni Association in 1930,

which has been very active since that time.

Zr. E. A. Sutherland reported to the Board and

Constituency on February 15, 1938:

The Sanitarium will probably continue to

be the chief financial asset of the Institution.

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I wish, therefore, to recommend the construction

of a buildin::?: similar to the present Administration
Building, and in close conjunction with it, to
house the surgery and surgical patients, the
obstretrical department, and pediatrics. This will
relieve the congestion in the main sanitarium
building by providing special quarters for
patients that are now cared for in the main build-
ings. This will not only increase the capacity
for patients but w - 11 improve conditions for
all the patients.'

The latest building to be constructed for the Sanitarium,

the Psychiatric Building, later named Parkview, was opened

on February 5, 1952. This building was made possible through

the generous gift of 25,000 by the Dupont Company.

William E. Patterson, the Madison College Director of Public

Relations, was instrumental in securing the donation, and

Felix Lorenz was the architect for the building. Luring 1952

the first floor rooms of West Hall .were remodeled into a

beautiful Pediatrics Department.

Many of the predictions concerning the Sanitarium have

proved to be true. The Sanitarium, twelve miles out in the

country, has been a success in its nearly fifty years of

operation. From the early facilities providing care for.

four patients, it has grownto where it can now handle over

two hundred patients. It is widely known, drawing patients

14. Madison Survey, February 23, 1908, pp. 31-32.

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from all over the South. People come because of the beautiful

surroundings; they come to enjoy the vegetarian diet; they

come to seek the Battle Creek methods of treatment such as

hydrotherapy, massage; and electrotherapy; they come because

of Christian doctors and nurses who minister to their spiritual

as well as their physical needs.

The poor have come as was predicted, and many thousands

of dollars' worth of charity work has been done through the

years. A few samples are as follows:

In cooperation with the Davidson County

Department of Health, twenty-four pupils of the
Joelton schools received medical and surgical
attention at the Madison Sanitarium and Hospital
this week.15

About thirty-eight pupils from the

Goodlettsville, Bellevue, Bordeaux, and other
schools of Davidson County received surgical
and medical attention at the Madison Rural
Sanitarium and Hospital this week.16
Over forty school children of the community
have had tonsillectomy operations at the Madison
Rural Sanitarium and Hospital during the last
three months. This is Madison's method of
cooperating with the Davidson County Health
Department and the Parent-Teachers' Association.17

During the past month the Sanitarium has

removed the tonsils of thirty Davidson County
school children as a part of a Blue Ribbon

15. Madison Survey, March 22, 1933, p. 40.

16. Madison Survey, April 26, 1933, p. 56.
17. Madison Survey, May 6, 1936, p. 76.

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Health Campaign being put on by . the schools in

cooperation with the County Health Department
and the Parent-Teachers' Association.I8

Twenty-four tonsillectomies have been per-

formed since the middle of January in cooperation
with the Davidson County Health Department and
Parent-Teachers' Association )-9

Time and space will not allow a protrayal of all the

exploits and deeds of all the graduates of the Madison

Sanitarium. Many have gone out to establish small hospitals

and sanitariums; others to join small units already in exist-

ence; many to engage in private duty nursing; and many to

labor in the far-flung mission fields of the world. A cita-

tion of the experiences of two graduate male nurses will

be of interest:

From The Nashville Tennessean, April 25,

we quote: "Conditioning General for
each day's arduous duties in the Tunisian cam-
paign is one of the responsibilities of a
Nashville male nurse, Corporal Robert Jacobsen,
son of E. C. Jacobsen, of Madison College.
Jacobsen got his first professional experience
on the noted American general when he landed
with the first invasion forces in North Africa
last NoveMber. . . He is one of more than one
hundred Madison male students now serving as
nurses in the armed forces."2

Now that the war is an event of the past, the name of. the

famous general can be filled in. He was General Dwight Eisenhower,

18. Madison Survey, December 7, 1936, p. 196.

19. Madison Survey, March 2, 1938, p. 36.
20. Madison Survey, May 19, 1943, pp. 39-40.

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now the Presient of the United States. One of Jacobsen's

tasks was to give the General his daily massage.

In Newsweek, issue of April 6, page 21, is a picture with

the caption, "A group of pilots at the headquarters. These

'Flying Tigers! are aerial Sergeant 1Lorks with an amazing

record for ba,'jng Jars. 1t21

Among the group in the picture, sitting under the Stars

and Stripes, the flag of China, and pictures of former

President Roosevelt and General Chiang. Kai-Shek, is

Robert Gallagher, a former Madison student and graduate nurse,

who before the outbreak of the war was doing hospital work in

Rangoon, Burma.

The training program of the Madison Sanitarium has en-

larged through the years. In the beginning only nurses were

trained. Today the program includes not only the training of

nurses, but also the training of practical nurses, dietitians,

laboratory technicians, X-ray technicians, medical secretaries,

anesthesiologists, and physicians who are doing postgraduate

work.

One of the early projects carried. on by the nurses of

the Sanitarium was the Polk Street Settlement, which came into

21. Newsweek, April 6, 1942, p. 21,

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the hands of the Madison School in 1918. This was a self-

supporting medical missionary activity maintained by nurses.

One-half of the nurses took cases for pay while the other

one-half devoted their time to the care of patients who

could not pay. All of the nurses lived in the Polk Street

Settlement home and shared alike as far as remuneration was

concerned. The building contained a lecture room for con-

ducting health lectures, cooking schools, and Bible story

hours.22

The Madison Food Factory has had a phenomenal deVelop-

ment somewhat similar to that of the Sanitarium. Early in the

history of the school a large flakefood factory was built at

Edgefield, near what we now know as Edenwold. The people of

the South had not yet become conditioned to the eatin of

health foods; so the factory became a white elephant on the

hands of the owners. It passed from hand to hand without

success. A final decision was made to dismantle the plant.

The operators of Madison were urged to purchase the plant and

move the equipment to the school campus. The purchase was

made, and the school added a new industry known as the health

food factory, which was opened in 1918.23 The policy was to

22. Madison Survey, June 25, 1919, pp. 1-2.

23. Madison Survey, May 10, 1922, p. 2. (Date was
verified by Elmer Bush who helped move the factory.)

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begin in a small way and to educate the workers, step by

step, in the new industry. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Wheeler

were in charge of the work, under the direction of

Mrs. Druillard, who had had years of experience in other

institutions.24

The purpose of the Food Factory was to produce foods

that would be suitable substitutes for meat - in the dietary

of the vegetarian and others whose health required the

elimination of animal products. Consequently most of the

foods manufactured are rich in protein. These foods are

made from such products as soy beans, peanuts, and gluten.

Some of the trade names today are Zoyburger, Yum, Mock

Chicken, Nu-Steak, Not-Meat, Vigoroast, and Ches-O-Zoy. A

cereal substitute for coffee is Zoy-Koff.

Some of the men who played an important part in the later

growth and development of the food factory were Joe Hansen,

C. H. Dye, T. A. McFarland, Captain Calvin Bush, Edwin Bisalski,

George Norris, Leslie Brooks, John Brownlee, H. M. Mathews

and Frank Holland. Of this group, H.- M. Mathews and

John Brownlee played a very important part in experimentation

and development of the foods. E. M. Bisalski was outstanding

in the group as a promoter and sales-manager. It was during

24, Madison Survey, May 16, 1923, p. 21,

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Mr. Bisalskirs term as manager of the Food Factory that great

expansion took place. A practically new plant, with one sec-

tion four stories in height, was constructed in 19)41. Shortly

after, the sales began to drop off, and it has never been

necessary to use the new building to its capacity. The Food

Factory (now known as Madison Foods) is operating, on a much

smaller scale than formerly, under the management of

Mr. Frank Holland. - The Madison Foods Company also. operates

a bakery, making whole wheat and soy bread. A daily bread

route is served in Nashville.

Another type of health work carried on by the Madison

School was the operation of a treatment room. and vegetarian

cafeteria in Nashville, Tennessee. Workers drove back and

forth each day from the School to Nashville to carry on the

work. The work was started in 1917, in rented quarters. After

five years, because of advancing rents, it was thought best

to close down the work and build a new building on a permanent

location at 151 Sixth Avenue, North. 'This was done at the

end of the year 1922. The new location was occupied in the

spring of 1923. A successful work was carried on in the new

location for over a decade. With the advancing trend of busi-

ness toward the main streets in the center of the city, the

location finally became highly undesirable; the business was

closed out, and the building was sold.

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During the period 1932 to 1940 great prominence was given

to the health lecture work on the Madison campus. Julius

Gilbert White, a nationally-known health lecturer, came

to Madison and delivered a ten-day series of lectures on health,

with the use of illustrated slides. Arrangements were made

for Mr. White to establish his headquarters at Madison. A

.corporation was formed known as "The Associated Lecturers

Incorporated." The purpose of the corporation was to foster

the health lecture work and to develop visual materials to be

used by lecturers. A new industry was developed at Madison,

the making and painting of slides. The lecture series was

known as "The Learn-How-To-Be-Well Lectures." This line of

work, along with its promoters, was responsible for the hold-

ing of many health institutes and short courses at Madison

during the years 1932-1940.

No one will ever be able to measure the influence of the

health work fostered and promoted by Madison. It has reached

out to the hills, yes, even to the seacoasts and beyond.

This little token from a foreign clime is just one indication

of the influence that Madison exerts:

TO MADISON:

by Mrs. Marian Anderson

Havana, Cuba

If you're feeling rather down,

-And are fed up with the town,
Don't just sit and fret and frown,
But go to Madison:

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With its rural, balmy breeze,

And its rustic, stately trees,
Few resorts will ever please
As does Madison.

There is something in the air

That is something one seldom meets elsewhere,
Something wholesome; sweet, and rare,
Up at Madison.

We who live in foreign climes

Feel the urgent need at times
For the blessed peace one finds
There at Madison.

And tho more I'd like to say,

This one tribute let me pay
There is joy in every day
Spent at Madison:25

25. Madison Survey, February 3, 1937, p. 17.

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 CHAPTER VI

THE A-B-C OF EDUCATION

As early as the year 1900 Mrs. Ellen G. White wrote:

Study in agricultural lines should be the

A, B, and C of the education given in our schools.
This is the very first work that should be entered
upon. Our schools should not depnd upon imported
produce, for grain and vegetables, and the fruits
so essential to health. Our youth need an educa-
tion in felling trees and tilling soil as well
as in literary lines. Different teachers should
be appointed to oversee a number ofstudents in
their work, and should work. with them.1

With this instruction in mind, Professor Sutherland and

Professor Hagan sought out a farm for the location of their

school rather than a city location. The farm selected was

not in a high state of cultivation. The land was run-down,

eroded, and somewhat overgrown with brush. There were no

orchards, but there were about two hundred acres of blue-

grass pasture. It was early determined that, in the absence

of an orchard, the best thing to develop was a dairy.

Professor Magan, who had general management of the farm in

its earliest years, had the following to say:

There were about thirty cows on the place

when we took possession of it, besides other
cattle. Some of these cattle were so wild that

1. Ellen G. White, Testimonies for the Church (Mountain

View, California: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1900),
VI, p. 179.

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it was with the greatest difficulty they could

be driven to the city. Twenty-three men spent
an entire day in trying to drive a few of them
about half-a mile. Some were even dangerous,
- they were so ugly. Two were shot, and their
carcasses hauled to town. One jumped into the
river, and was drowned; another, in jumping
down an embankment, broke its neck. I relate
these facts to give you some idea of the
material with which we began to build our dairy.2

The first year demonstrated that some of the cows were

not producers, though they were unable to tell which cows

were good producers and which were not. Finally a Babcock

tester was secured and careful record was kept on the

production of each cow. Gradually the non-producers were

weeded out and a respectable herd was developed.3

A report rendered to the Board in the year 1912 indica-

ted that the institution owned one hundred fifty head of goats. The

goats were kept for both their milk and their hair.4

The school originally kept a larger dairy

herd than at present. It has been our object
-
the past few years to use a smaller amount of
dairy products substituting for them various nuts
and nut products. At the present time we are
milking sixteen cows, Jersey and Holstein strains.
We have also a flock of Swiss milk goats.5

2. Percy T. Megan, "Inception and Development," The

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute (Mountain View,
California: Pacific Press Publishing Company, 1908), p. 15.
3. MaLan op. cit., pp. 15-16.
4. Annual Meeting of Nashville Agricultural and Normal
- 7-9.
Institute Corporation, November 29, 1912, pp.
5. Madison Survey, July 9, 1919, p. 4.

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Undoubtedly the trend away from the dairy products to

the nut products was the result of the starting of a food

manufacturing plant in connection with the school. During

the year 1927 one hundred pounds of mohair, from twenty

goats, was shipped to Boston.6

Andrew J. Wheeler, who was in charge of the dairy in 1930)

reported that the herd had been tested for both tuberculosis

and Pang's disease and that the tests showed no reactors. He

also reported that the school had joined the Dairy Herd

Improvement Association, a county organization. His report

showed a producing herd of thirty-four cows, with the School

working toward the end of having a herd of pure Jersey stock.?

During the month of April, 1930, a further report was

given, indicating the caliber of cows owned by the school:

We have just received another report from

the County Herd Improvement Association, and
find that our herd again heads the list in average
production of fat per cow. The average fat
production for 35 cows, including one dry cow,
for March, was 30.1 pounds. The average fat production
of the nearest competitor was 27.2 pounds. The
average pounds of milk per cow was 638 pounds, and
the test was 14.7 per cent. Six cows were on
the honor roll. That is, they produced over
800 pounds of milk and forty pounds of fat
for the month. One of our cows produced 69
pounds of fat. The herd produced 22,089
pounds for the month, or about 83 gallons per day.8

6. Madison Survey, June 8, 1927, pp. 91-92.

7. Madison Survey, February 26, 1930, pp. 35-36.
8. Madison Survey, April 16, 1930, p. 63.

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A further report in the spring of 1931 shows how

successfully the dairy was operating:

Jerseys predominate in Tennessee. The

herd at Madison is of this variety. The
average production per individual the past
year was 6,-180 pounds of milk, and 291 pounds
of butter fat. The monthly butter fat test
is 4.8 per cent. For eighteen months this
herd has been on the honor roll of Davidson
County, and is tested for tuberculosis and
contagious abortion. The school belongs to
the local testing association. The average
daily. output is 390 quarts. This milk is
charged to the Boarding department at 2i
cents a half-pint, 5 cents a pint, and 10
cents a quart. We are very fortunate in
having an experienced dairyman from Wisconsin,
F. I. Brown, who, with his son and two daughters,
has the immediate care of this project. We
are constantly short of milk. This department
showed a net earning the past year of a little
more than $1,500.9

Madison was one of the two schools whose herds led the

county, as reported in the fall of 1931:

Our dairy department has just received its

annual report as a member of the Davidson county
Herd Improvement Association. The number of cows
in our herd averages 33.75. The average amount
of milk per cow is 6,372 pounds for the year;
and the average butterfat production for the
year is 309 pounds. This places our entire herd
on the honor roll and entitles it to the honor
certificate given by the National Dairy Council,
which requires an average of 300 pounds of
butter fat. The cows of our herd are all pure
bred and graded Jerseys. Only one other herd

9. Madison Survey, March 18, 1931, p. 140.

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in the Association averaged more butter fat

per cow. This was the herd owned by Peabody
College at the Knapp Farm.1

The report rendered by the Davidson County Herd

Improvement Association for December, 1931, showed that

the Peabody herd still held first place, but that Madison

had the individual cow with the highest butterfat record.

This cow had a record of 1,302 pounds of milk and 75.5 pounds

of butter for the month. The average milk production for

the year 1931 was 6,683 pounds, with an average butterfat

for the year, per cow, of 332 pounds. During the year 1931,

the dairy industry showed a net gain of 32,200.11

With expansion of the dairy in 1932, the herd was in-

creased to forty milk cows. This necessitated increasing

the stanchion room and the adding of a steel silo.12

The institution started pasteurizing its milk in 1937.

This was a precautionary measure deemed advisable even though

the herd had tested Bangs free and tuberculosis free for all

the years of its existence. The year 1938 saw a group of

six young men students in charge of the dairy. Frank Judson

was in charge, assisted by Clayton Hodges, Sam Jamison,

Moses Batchelder, Clifford helendy and Donald Welch.13

10. Madison Survey, August 19, 1931, p. 128.

11. Madison Survey, February 3, 1932, pp. 19-20.
12. Madison Survey, November 2, 1932, p. 160.
13. Madison Survey, June 15, 1938, p. 92.

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This was a live-wire group, and the dairy prospered mater.,

ially under the leadership of Judson and Hodges.

In the fall of 1938 these boys groomed some of their

calves and heifers for the State Fair. Against national

competition these entries were able to win enough prizes to

compensate the students for their efforts.14

The following item written in 1940 shows how the dairy

was contributing to the education of students:

Up in New England a farm boy, Moses Batchelder,

wanted a college education, but the outlook
for it was bleak for monetary reasons. Then he
learned that aown in Tennessee, about eight miles
north of Nashville, was a college that did not
reouire a boy or Girl to have a pile of money to
pay for an education,

He investigated the rumor)and what he

learned seemed too good to be true. He found
that in addition to being temperate and of good
character, the one supreme Qualification of a
boy or 4r1 in order to gain admission into
this institution was that he had to be poor.
(Rather, had to be willing: to work.) Thus,
almost in the twinkling of an eye, his bigest
liability became his most valuable asset.

That, in brief, is how Moses happened to

be .in charge of the 84-cow dairy that is owned
by Nashville Agricultural Normal Institute at
Madison, Tennessee, and is giving in service
what the college is accepting in lieu of money
for -that much-coveted degree in. agricultural
education that almost became an obsession.
That also explains why the four other boys

14. Madison Surveys October 19, 1938, p. 155.

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 13t.

working in this dairy with Moses happen to be

there. They are all attending classes and
getting not only the theoretical knowledge
essential to a course in dairy husbandry, but
they are actually getting the necessary experience
in work and management of a dairy herd while
doing it.15

By 1943 Frank Judson had become a member of the teach-

ing staff of Madison College. The herd had by this time

been built up to 115 registered Jerseys. When E. C. Jacobsen

left to head the agricultural school at Monterrey, Mexico,

he took three registered Jerseys from Madison to use as a

beginning nucleus.16

The following report, rendered in 1947, shows the

standing of the herd at that time:

The last annual report of the. Dairy Herd

Improvement Association of Tennessee accorded
to the Madison College herd very high honors.
Our herd stood at the head of the list of herds
having over fifty head of cows. Our average
production of 389 pounds of butter fat and 7,281
pounds of milk is not only outanding in our
state but is one that compares very well in any
section of the nation. According to the Bureau
of Dairy Industry of the United States Department
of Agriculture the average production of all
dairy cows in the United States is approximately 164
Pounds of butterfat. From the same source we
learn, however, that the average production of
dairy cows being tested by D. H. I. A. field men,
as is the case of the College herd, is 322
pounds. It is readily apparent that our herd is

15. Madison Survey, February 21, 1940, p. 16.

16. Madison Survey, July 7, 1943, p. 52.

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producing more than 20 per cent more per year

than the average cow in the United States being
tested under similar conditions.17

An unfortunate :situation developed in 196. Prior to

that time the herd had tested Bangs-free. All calves for

the three preceding years had been vaccinated. During 1946

six grade Holstein cows were added to the herd. These cows

infected the herd with Bangs disease. In view of the fact

that the infected cowshave built up an immunity and that

the calves have been vaccinated for the past ten years, the

present herd is immune.

The College is milking approximately forty cows today.

This size of herd takes care of the campus and Sanitarium

needs.

One cannot speak of the dairy without givix additional

thought to the 'farm in general. The dairy is the outstanding

agricultural industry, and the farm with its contributing

crops helps to keep the dairy going by feeding the cows.

In 1946, when the dairy was milking about twenty-five cows,

the farm produced the following kinds and amounts of feed

for them: 300 bushels of wheat, 80 bushels of rye, 150 bushels

of oats, 500 bushels of corn, and 75 tons of hay.18

17. Madison Survey, December 1, 1947, p. 90.

18. President's Report to the Constituency of the
Nashville Agricultural and. Normal Institute, December 6, 19146,
p. 5.

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The year 1930 provided many demonstrations of what

students can do if given projects under the proper super-

vision. Dorothy and Della Brown set out six thousand Bermuda

onion plants, which, when harvested, yielded at the rate of

three hundred bushels an acre. Ernest Bia;s planted five

acres of corn and harvested 3249 worth of roasting ears.

Lelon Bull had a cabbage project. Fenton Carnahants project

was sweet potatoes. Melvin Lohman and Roger-Goodge had

Irish potatoes. John Stenger, Wayne Hopkins, and Lantz Jestes

brooded chicks as their project. Keith Bliven raised

spinach. Projects carried on in connection with class work

in agriculture connected the practical with the theoretical.

Many students received experience in this fundaMental

19
industry, the A, B, C of education, through the project plan.

Mrs. Ellen G. White wrote in 1903:

In the study of agriculture, let pupils

be given not only theory, but practice. While
they learn what science can teach in reard
to the nature and preparation of the soil, the
value of different crops, and the best methods
of Production, let them put their knowledge to
use. Let teachers share the work with the
students,. and show what results can be achieved
through skillful, intelligent effort. Thus may
be awakened a genuine interest, an ambition to
do the work in the best possible manner. Such
an ambition, together with the invigorating
effect of exercise, sunshine, and pure air,
will create a love for agricultural labor that

19. Madison Survey, April 16, 1930, p. 63, and September 17,
1930, pp. 143-144.

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with many youth will determine their choice of

an occupation. Thus might be set on foot in-
fluences that would go far in turning the tide
of migration whic4nnow sets so strongly toward
the great cities.
This information was given just one year before the Madison

school was founded and served as a pattern in carrying out

the farm program and the teaching of agriculture.

Poultry raising was inaugurated with the beginning work

of the school. Miss. DeGraw, with young women students, looked

after the-poultry. During the history of the school, two men,

at different periods, had great success in raising poultry at

Madison. The first was Mr. L. H. Starr during- the late twenties
and the early thirties. His success was with white leghorns.

After Mr. L. H. Starr left, the department closed down. The

department was re-opened in the late forties and has been

very successful in the raising of New Hampshire Reds, under

the direction of Mr. MilesCoon. He tore down the old building

and built new ones from the old lumber. His direction of the

department has been very successful from the beginning,

showing a nice margin of profit practically every year.

The raising of frvit is another major agricultural

industry at Madison. In addition to the large peach and plum

orchards, along with the vineyard)on the school farm, there

20. Ellen G. White, Education (Mountain View)California:

Pacific Press Publishing: Association, 1903), pp. 219-220.

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 138

is another peach and apple orchard of more than three

thousand trees located at Ridgetop, Tennessee.

The school gardens through the years were a contributing

sustenance to the school. The motto was "to grow and can

what we. eat and to eat what we grown and can." However this

Philosophy has not always been adhered to. All through these

years thousands of gallons of vegetables and fruit, were

canned. A large storehouse has kept full. The entire family

was well Provided for. This plan was followed for over forty

years; then with a change in administration, the new business

manager began to cut down on canning. He took the position

that it was easier and cheaper to purchase goods already canned.

His philosophy was basically out of harmony with the principles

of hadison that advocated raising its own foods and eating its

own foods)and. also furnishing labor to students.

The year 1922 is typical of what was done in canning in

those early years 1800 quarts of beets, 500 quarts of greens,

many quarts of tomatoes and 1100 quarts of plums.21

The report of the canning department, nine years later)

in 1931, is very interesting. That year the department put

up a total of 3,000 gallons of peaches, 1,000 gallons of string

beans, 200 gallons of beets, 400 gallons of greens)2,200 gallons

21. Madison Survey, August 2, 1922, p. 4.

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of grapes, and several hundred gallons of tomatoes. In this

connection it is interesting to note that the fruit crop was

composed of 1,350 bushels of peaches, 2,100 bushels of

apples, 2,000 bushels of nears, and eight tons of grapes.22

Truly the Madison School farm has produced bountifully.

Mrs. Ellen G. White wrote in 1908 concerning the farm;

The Madison School farm is to be an object-

lesson for the Southern field. It is in an
excellent location, and fully as near Nashville
as it should be.23
Through the years there have been some excellent, well-

trained men connected with the school farm and its various

branches. Elmer Brink was the first man to settle on the

school farm after its purchase. He started out to supervise

the dairy and rendered continuous, faithful service to the

institution for twenty-five years. Professor P. T. Hagan

served as manager of the farm-in its earlier years.

W. F. Rocke came within a few years after the founding of the

school and served as [Link] for many years. Other men

who have served the farm in some capacity through the years
were: T. R. Treece Andrew Wheeler
C. L. Kendall L. H. Starr
Cyrus Kendall Joseph Sutherland

22. Madison Survey, October 7, 1931, p. 156.

23. Ellen G. White, Special Testimonies, Series B,
No. 11, The Madison School (Mountain View, California:
Pacific Press Publishing Company, 1908), p. 20.

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Andrew Wheeler A. E. Putnam

Charles Jones E. C. Jacobsen
-George Juhl Guy Newlon
Frank Judson Adolph Johnson
Jim Blair Lee Eusey
L. M. Cantrell J. L. Culpepper
Miles. Roy Coon Earl Barham
William Clayburn H. C. Lovett

Adversity has had its effect at times upon the farm as

well as on other parts of the institution. In 1921 a heavy

frost in March ruined the fruit crop. In July, 1922, a

heavy hailstorm ruined the ardens and much of the fruit.

In July, 1928, the CuMberland River overflowed its banksj a

very unusual occurrence for that time of the year, and

covered the bottom land, ruining the crops. One of the most
serious of natural adversities was the long drought of the

summer of 1943. Its ending seemed almost as if Providence

had intervened. The drought started early in May and lasted

for over eichty days, ending on the twenty-sixth of July.

Not a drop of rain fell during that time. Everything dried

up. The writer can relate this as a personal experience, as

[Link] at the time. Man always turns to God in his

extremity. A special prayer service was held in the chapel

on the afternoon of Saturday, July 24. Earnest supplications

.were sent up in prayer for rain. Nothing happened on Sunday,

but on Monday afternoon a thunderstorm came up, and there

was a terrific downpour. The drought was broken. The most

striking aspect of the whole affair was the fact that the

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rain fell only on the Neely's Bend section, whereas other

areas beyond the Bend did not receive rain. To the writer

another impressive sight was the beautiful rainbow that

accompanied the storm. It was a perfect and brilliant

rainbow, the most beautiful that the writer had ever seen.

It seemed as if it was the bow of promise hung in the

heavens as a reminder of the ancient promise:

I will give you the rain of your land

in his due season, the first rain and the
latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy
corn, and thy wine and thy oil. And I will
send grass in thy fields for thy cattle.24

Today the Madison School farm is a beautiful farm. The

land has been terraced, the fields are green with cover crops,

and the ugly, eroded gullies are gone. The farm still needs

more buildings, but everything points toward success.

2L.. 1-19a, Bible, Deuteronomy 11: 14-15.

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 CHAPTER VII

THE INSTITUTIONAL PLANT

The original Nelson place when purchased from Er.

Ferguson contained 412 acres of land. The Wilson place,

Purchased by the Layman- Foundation in June, 1925, and later

turned over to the school, contained 296 acres. These gave

the school a total of 708 acres. In addition, the school had

the use of approximately 200 acres of land south of Neelyls

Bend Road, owned by the Layman Foundation. The. 200 acres was

sold by the Layman Foundation in 1953 to a real estate com-

pany to be developed as a sub-division. Between 1925 and

1953 the school had the use of over 900 acres in addition

to a larile fruit farm located at Ridgetop. At the present

time the school has the 708 acres and 13 acres south of

Neely's Bend Road, or a total of 721 acres, in addition to

Ridgetop fruit farm of 95 acres.

As previously related, the buildings on the place when

it was purchased were the old plantation house, the carriage

house (Probation Hall), and the barns. It became necessary

in the very beginning to plan for student and teacher hoUsing

and for the necessary school buildings. Professor Nagan

gave the -following report in 1908, four years after the

founding of the school:

142

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 1)43

We have erected eight cottages, which will

accommodate about thirty-six students.. Besides
these, we have put up a small bath-rodm and
laundry and three other buildings'which are used
for bakery and dairy purposes. Four cottages
have been built by members of the faculty, with
their own money. In 1907, we began erecting
three buildings for a rural sanitarium, making
a total of nineteen buildings that are erected
or in process of erection.1

The report rendered to the patrons by Professor

E.. A. Sutherland in 1908 stated that Charles Sweeten had

charge of the construction of the cottages.2

During the meeting of 1908 the school was advised by

the conference brethren to put in a water plant. Wells had

been tried at first, but they went dry in the summer._ Next,

cisterns were tried, but blasting them out of the limestone

rock proved too expensive. The school finally resorted to

pumping water from the river in order to water the stock.3

Between 1908 and 1912 four more cottages were erected,

namely, the Taylor, Miller, Matheson, and Davison Cottages.

The Kinne Building (dining' hall) was also erected during

1. Percy T. Wigan, "Inception and Development," The

Nashville 'Agricultural and Normal Institute (Mountain View,
California: Pacific Press Publishing Company 1908), p.. 21.
2. Meeting of the Patrons of the Nashville Agricultural
and Normal Institute, October 8, 1908, p. 5..
3. Ibid.

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 1114

this period, as were the fruit house, the implement and

carriage house, and the mechanical shop.4

Between 1912 and 1914 Gotzian Health Home was constructed.

It contained treatment rooms for men and women and hospital

rooms for members of the staff who might become ill. It was

actually used to house sanitarium patients while the new

Sanitarium facilities were In the process of construction.

Today, with an addition on the right end, it serves as the

Nurses Dormitory.

Madison, unlike most schools, started out on a plan of

building as the need arose. In the early years there never

were rooms waiting for students. Generally students came

and crowded in with others, and the school was under constant

pressure to build new facilities. The January 7,.1920, Survey

gives an indication of the crowded conditions:

Hew students are reaching Madison even

faster than rooms are vacated by others going
out' into the. work. Were it not for the promise
of a new cottage soon, some would have to be
refused a place in the school. We live in
crowded quarters rather than turn any away for
lack of room. But we must build.5

The problem was placed before the faculty and students

assembled in a meeting during the Christmas holiday season.

4. Minutes of Annual meeting of the Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute Corporation, November 29, 1912, p. 7.
5. Madison Survey January 7, 1920, p. 6.

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 1)45

The results of the meeting clearly show the spirit of both

faculty and workers, the same spirit of the founders and

early students of the school:

When these things had been discussed, then

appeared the Christmas spirit in that audience.
Teachers and students said, 'let us put UT) the
first cottage," a sift of the students of 1919
and the teachers. Before any donations were
taken, the teachers offered to give from their
limited wage the balance needed to erect a
cottage after the students had raised what they
could. In one-half hour the price of a cottcve
was assured. That is the Christmas spirit, the
spirit of the Master, the spirit of giving. May
God bless the donors.

It is estimated that room to make students

comfortable will cost approximately:

For two S. 700

For four 1,200
For six 1,700
For eight 2,100

These estimates provide for no luxuries;

Madison does not ask for luxuries. All who have
visited the place can testify to that.6

During the month of January, 1920, cottage Number

Fourteen burned. This left a dozen students without rooms.

There was a quick and generous response on the part of friends.

One hundred donations ranging from one dollar to fifty dollars

came in to help rebuild the cottage. This was the first time

that the school had appealed to its friends through the medium

of a periodical. The appeal had gone out through the columns

6. Madison Survey, January 7, 1920, p. 3.

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 1116

of the' Madison Survey, the school promotional organ, founded

in the year 1919.7

Another instance of cooperation on the part of students

and teachers occurred when it became necessary to increase

the laundry facilities:.

Reports from the'Laundry Equipment committee

showed that it will cost r,R,500 to purchase and
install the machinery. The women students had a
meeting by themselves? and assumed the responsi-
bility of raising among their friends the money for
a filter. Cumberland River water must be filtered,
and the filter will cost X375.

The men students also had a meeting organized

for work, and agreed to become responsible for
the boiler house and dry room? which will cost
another :37.5.

The faculty organized-for a similar campaign,

assuming a double burden, 050, the price of
the extractor. And Doctor Sutherland agreed to
raise $1,000 for washer, boiler, engine, and
shafting.8

Electricity came to the institution for the first time

on January 19, 1921, as evidenced by an account in the Survey:

Electric lights were turned on at the Sanitarium

for the first time on the evening of January 7.
The new electric light plant, the Fairbanks Morse,
installed primarily for therapeutic purposes at
the Sanitarium, is the gift of Mrs. Lida Scott. It
has capacity for lighting the entire school plant,
but at present only Sanitarium cottages and build-
ings as far sotth as Mrs. Scott's cottage are

7. Madison Survey, July 28, 1920? p.

8. Madison Survey October 6, 1920, p.
4.
3.

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 147

being lighted. A large part of the wiring was

done by Messrs. John Brownsberger and Lew Wallace.9

During the year 1920 a greenhouse was purchased from

the Hillcrest school at a cost .of $350. It was moved to

the Madison school and installed, making the total cost-

purchaseprice plus installation cost, c1,100.10

The Sanitarium was heated by steam heat for the first

time in October, 1921. Previous to that time all heating had
been done with stoves.11

The school family had grown so large by 1920 that it

seemed necessary to remove the partitions in Gotzian Hall,

the main building that had been used as an assembly hall

since 1908. While this was under consideration, other plans

developed, and the decision was to build a new assembly hall.

This building would house the assembly room, the library,

offices, and classrooms. Through the generosity of Mrs.

Lida Scott this building was made possible. 12

The building was dedicated on October 5, 1922,13 and

named Helen Funk Assembly Hall, in memory of the daughter

and the mother of hrs. Lida Scott.14

[Link] Survey, January 19, 1921, p.h.

10. Madison Survey, January 26, 1921, p. 2.
11. Madison Survey, October 26, 1921, p.h.
12. Madison Survey, January 26, 1921, p. 2.
13. Madison Survey, October 19, 1922, pp. 2-3.
14. Madison Survey, December 1, 1921, p.4.

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 The "Barracks" for boys was constructed in 1921. The

funds were raised through the generous gifts of friends

during a building campaign fund)-5 In recent years the

building has been remodeled to accommodate a family.

The Sanitarium kitchen was completed and occupied in

May, 1922.16

October 8, 1922, a fire destroyed the electric lighting

system of the institution and put the steam heating plant out

of commission temporarily. The Sanitarium boiler house was

completely destroyed.17 The plant was restored at a cost

of $2,000. A steam engine was installed and the plant was

equipped to burn either coal or oi1.18

A prediction of thirty years ago has indeed become a

reality. Madison, an isolated rural community, has become

a virtual suburb of Nashville:

Eighteen years ago when the Madison School

was established - on a farm two and one-half miles
from Madison Station, the place was approached
by a rough and rocky way known as Neely's Bend
road. Several years ago this road bed was im-
proved. Again, the county has a force of men on
it. They are laying metal preparatory to an
asphalt dreSsing which will make Neely's Bend
road equal to any in the country. The Nashville

15. Madison Survey, January 18, 1922, p. 4.

16. Madison Survey, May 31, 1922, p. 4..
17. Madison Survey, October 18, 1922, p. 6.
18. Madison Survey, November 1, 1922, p. 4.

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Electric Light Company has extended its line

some distance out this road, much of the property
along the road has been plotted, and a number of
residences have been built between Madison
Station and the school. What was once an isolated
rural community threatens to become a suburb of
Nashville.19

Mr. H. E. Standish, of California, joined the faculty

in the fall of 1922. His first job was to superintend the

construction of the city cafeteria building. In 1923 he

started the construction of the Mechanical Arts Building,

a building which served many useful purposes during its

fourteen years of existence. The building housed a mill in

which all of the furniture for the Demonstration School, the

Library, and the Science Building was manufactured. The

building also housed the plumbing, electrical, and tile-

making shops. The basement was used for the storage of

broomcorn, and it was in the broomcorn that a fire started

and completely destroyed the building, in a matter of

minutes, on February 16, 1937.

In the spring of 1924 four large steam-heated hot water

tanks were installed on different parts of the campus to

replace the smaller tanks that had been heated by stoves.

This was just another one of those steps of progress in

keeping with the times.2

19. Madison Survey June 6, 1923, p. 24.

20. Madison Survey April 9, 1924, p. 60.

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 150

Work was started in 1924 on a central heating system.

A site was selected in a valley a few hundred feet behind

the Helen Funk Assembly Hall. A concrete reservoir and a

dam were built across the valley. The dam was built to hold

back the surface drainage of the surrounding land, and the res-

ervoir was built below the dam to serve as a coal bunker. A

bridge was built across the top of the reservoir with the

heating plant just below the reservoir.

The school purchased a rock crusher, and all of the

hundreds of tons of stone and sand needed for the concrete.

work on the dam and reservoir were crushed on the place by

Mr. J. H. Sargent and his crew of men,21

The large brick oven in the Food Factory was built by

Mr. H. E, Standish in 1924. 22

A sawmill was completed by Mr. E. D. Hallstead in the

latter part of 1924; and the school began to convert some

of the logs on the place into lumber.23

Mts. Druillard and Mrs. Gotzian, jointly, furnished

- the funds to construct an annex to the Sanitarium in 1926,

later called the Student Hospital. It was constructed to

take care of the institutional family when the members became

21. Madison Survey, June 25; 1924, p. 104.

22., Madison Survey; October 29, 1924, u. 16)4
23. Madison Survey
- s January 1, 1925, 100 40

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 151

ill, thus replacing the former Gotzian Health Home.. The new

building was more convenient to medical attention and to the

diet kitchen, and also released the Gotzian Health Home for

student housing, which function it continues to serve today.2

During the spring of. 1926 new sidewalks were constructed

about the Sanitarium grounds. This work was done under the
direction of Mr. Walter densen.25
Three cottages of four rooms each were constructed in

the fall of 1927. These accommodated a total of twenty-four

young men students.26 This group of cottages, along with some
two-room cottages in that area, was later dubbed "Boys' Row."

The accessibility of the school to the main highway in

Madison was greatly enhanced by the construction by the state

of a new paved boulevard to connect the main highway with the

new bridge.- This bridge was a wide concrete structure built

in 1927-1928 to replace the old one-way suspension bridge

built to the powder plant during World War 1.27

After ten years of manufacturing its own electric
current, the school connected to the city current during 1928.28

The school plant was maintained in readiness as a standby in

case of emerE:ency. The school still operates on that plan.

24; Madison Survey, April 14, 1926, D. 60.

[Link] Survey, April 14, 1926, 60.
[Link] vey,
Sur November 30, 1927, p. 196.
[Link] nrvey February 8, 1928, p. 24.
[Link] Survey January 23, 1929, p, 15.

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 152

One year after the change-over to city electricity came

the change-over to city water. The school had maintained its

own pumping station on the banks of the Cumberland for twenty

years. Expansion became necessary;-so it was decided that the

cheapest thing to dd would be to install city water. The

Lakewood Water Company laid a six-inch water main from Madison

and installed a sixty-foot standpipe on the school- property.

This brouCht an abundant supply of clear, pure water.29

Another improvement during the early part of 1929 was

the rebuilding of the road through the campus. -This was the

result-of the county's taking it over and making it a part

of the county system.

Later in the year the entire road from Neely's Bend to

the Sanitarium and on to Larkin Springs Road was widened and

hard-surfaced.31

Increased fire protection came to the campus with the

new six-inch water line. Ten fire hydrants were distributed

over the campus at strategic uoints.32

In the summer of 1930 it was discovered that there were

forty students on the waiting, list, with noplace to house

them. The faculty and students felt very keenly abbut - the

situation. They met to ether and decided to build some

29. Madison Survey, April 10, 1929, pp. '9-60.

30. Madison Survey May 29, 1929, p. 88.
31. Madison Survey June 260 1929, p. 104.
32. Madison Survey, August 21, 1929, p. 132.

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 153

inexpensive cabins. These cabins were built at a cost

of $200 a room. Twenty rooms were built, all connected,

surrounding an inner court. The building was named Boys'

Cabin Court.33 It has since been named Wasiota Hall.

An- interesting sidelight on Boys' Court, involvin the

writer, would be well to relate at this. point. The Cabins

were only partly constructed when school opened in the fall

of 1930. The writer happened to be an in-comir4, freshman at

that time, and undoubtedly one of those for whom there was

no room. When he arrived on the campus, he found neat rows

of tents pitched between the cottages in Boys' Row. He was-

escorted to one of the tents and was told that the tent would

be his home while-the cabins were being finished. In addition,

he was assioaed to the labor crow that was workinil on the

cabins. Since September in Tennessee is mild, sleeping in a

tent was not bad at all. HoWever, Septemberslipped into

October, with November just around the coiner. September was

not bad, except for the thunder showers. A heavy shower came

up in the middle of one night. The canvas became water-logged

and the weight pulled the stakes from the shallow soil. Then

down came the soggy tent with all the clothes, flat on top of

33. Madison Survey, August 27, 1930, p. 129.

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 1514

the beds. There was on3J one thing to do, and that was to

get out in the rain and drive the tent stakes in again.

After that night the occupants of the tent felt like real

pioneers.

Excavation was started in February, 1931, for the

Demonstration School buildin.34 This building, like other

buildings through the years, was constructed with student

labor under the direction of a skilled builder. A new trend

in architecture was introduced with the remonstration School

building. This building was of frame construction with a

field-stone veneer and a variegated tile roof. The stones

were nicked up on the school farm, and some were taten from

fences built by Neroes during the days of slavery. The tiles

were made from concrete, on a machine donated to the School.

The building was completed in the spring of 1932. Because of

the crowded condition of the school, some of the rooms were

used durin the fall quarter of 1931, even before they were

finished.

Late in Aw,ust, 1931, construction was started on the

Girls! Cabin Court. This court, composed of eleven cabins

connected by a lattice work, 35 was completed in the fall. In

34. Madison Survey, February 18, 1931, D. 214.

35. Madison Survey, September 9, 1931, p. 140

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 15.5

later years when the large dormitory for girls was constructed,

the court became the home for married couples. The name at

that time Was changed to Sunshine Court.

Those who have walked over- the campus may have noticed -
a marble slab inset in the sidewalk leading from the

Administration building to the Assembly Hall, with the inscrip-

tion, "CricketClUb, 1931." A stretch of 265 feet of sidewalk

leading from the inscription to the Assembly Hall was built

by the young men of the school, who called themselves the

"Crickets." The school furnished the materials and the young

men furnished the labor. The labor was all performed outside

of school and regular work hours, being done mainly at four- -

thirty in the mornins.36 Atthis same time the. called

themselves the "Katydids," and they, too, were sponsoring; pre-

jects for the benefit of the school.

The Science Building, another of the stone-faced build-

inc,s, was started in March, 1932.37 Construction was suffi-

ciently advanced so that by fall the new quarters for the

Print Shop were ready for Occupancy.38

A broom-making industry was beRun in the fall of 1932

under the direction of F. A. Quackenbush.39 The business

36. Madison Survey, November 25,. 1931, p. 18L.

37. N&dison Survey, March 9, 1932, p. 39.
38. Madison Survey, November 23, 1932, pp. 171-172.
39. Madison Survey, December 21, 1932, p. 188.

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 156

started in a poultry house, to which was added a storage

warehouse. Business was very food. Cleo Hopkins became the

manager when lit. Quackenbush left the school. George Goodner

was the salesman. Late in August, 1933, the shop burned

to the ground. The morning after the fire fifty students

signed a petition requesting that the shop be rebuilt, and

they promised to donate the labor. The faculty, along with

some Nashville business firms, donated the materials, and a

nice tile building, twenty-four by fifty feet, was the result.

The entire cost of the materials was 1g3501 of which 3250 was

donated by the business men.)10 The building is used today

as the College Garage.

The third major school building to be constructed of

stone was the Druillard Library. Construction was started

in the spring of 1934..41 The building differed from the

other two stone buildings in the respect that it was not a

frame building, being built of concrete blocks veneered with

stone. The building was dedicated on October 18, 1936, at

which time Dr. Doak S. Campbell of Peabody College gave the

dedicatory address.42 The buildin was named for Mrs. Druillard

who gave the last f5,000. necessary to make the building possible.43

40. Madison Survey, January 3, 1932, pp. 3-h.

41. Madison Survey, February 28, 1934, P. 24.
42. Madison Survey, November 18, 1936, p. 181.
43. Madison Survey, April
_ 1, 1936, p. 55.

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 157

A laundry campaign was launched by the students to

raise'J'6,000 for a new building. This was in the spring of

1935.411 Actual construction on the building did not start

until December, 1936. The building: was completed in the

spring of 1937.

As an interesting sidelight on the initiative demon-

strated by some Madison students, the following quotation

from the hadison SurVey gives a good picture:

A sturdy, good-looking and apparently new

wagon appeared in front of the Administration Building
a few. days ago. The occupant gave the Office
force a salute. It was evident he was showing
off a bit.

Investigation revealed that the waon was

the product of student activity in the black-
smith shop. Otto Konigsfeld is the mechanic
there. The farm wagons were beyond repair
but it would cost 5100 to purchase a new one.
So he built one largely from material salvaged
from the junk heap, composed of parts of old
cars and cast-off machinery. Two axles and three
hubs were appropriated, the rest were made. A tree
was felled for spokes and fellows. Old tires
were rewelded to fit the wheels. The estimated
costwasa5 for new material and 510 for labor.

There is an element of economy [Link]

initiative in that young man's make-up that will
make him valuable help when he becomes a member
of some unit group that has difficulties to
overcome. He smiled when he, said that an eight-
furrow disc plow is now under contemplation as.
the next project to attack.45

44. Madison Survey)June 5, 1936, p. 52.

45. Madison Survey, January 15, 1936, p. 12.

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Late in 1936 the lower floor of the Assembly Hall

was remodeled into attractive quarters for the Music

116
Department.' Following this work the main auditorium of

the AsseMbly Hall was also remodeled. The platform was

extended, the folding doors were removed., the back rooms

were made into an elevated section, and the entire chapel

was re-seated with theater-type chairs. The Assembly Hall
was re-dedicated on March 5, 1938.47

Gotzian Hall (the - chapel during the early years) was

remodeled into a laboratory for the Department of Home
Economics in the spring of 1937.48 Today- it is called the
Nutrition Laboratory.

The business and civic leaders of Nashville joined with

the faculty of Madison College and launched a campaign in

Nashville to raise funds for the construction of a building

to house the girls! dormitory and the dinin room. The

result was a successful campaign during which 151000 was

raised.49 The campaign was conducted early in June, 1939,

and construction of the building was started early in July.

The building was completed in 1940 with accommodations for

ninety girls. The entire first floor was given over to the
cafeteria.

46. Madison Survey, January 20, 1937, pp. 9,12.

47. Madison Survey March 19, 1938, pp. 38,39.
48. Madison Survey March 3, 1937, p. 33.
[Link] Survey, July 12, 1939, p. 50.

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The school purchased a used fire truck in 1931 in order

to furnish better fire protection and to help lower the

insurance rates. The pump was removed from the used engine

in 1940 and installed on a new Ford Mercury chassis. All of

the necessary change--over work was done by school mechanics.50

Through the years Madison has had a good deal of trouble

with boilers in the heating plant. Two excellent boilers

were secured from a closed plant in Franklin, Tennessee.

These were installed with complete sets of new tubes. A new

building was constructed to house the boilers. Two men,

John Jensen and Ray Wilson, were mainly responsible for the
installation.51

The Food Factory was remodeled, in fact, practically a

new structure was built, in 1942.52 The work actually started

in November, 1941, and was completed in October 1942.

E. M. Bisalski was the prime mover in promoting the project,

which cost between 330,000 and 540,000.

The Sanitarium surgical wing was constructed under the

direction of W. H. Gorich. Because of the shortafe of man-

power the work was spread over two years, being completed in 1946.

50. Madison Survey, July 17, 1940, p. 56.

51. Madison Survey December 10, 1941, p. 91.
52. Iacson Survey July 8, 1942, p. 52.

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Under a new administration in 1947, the institution

formulated plans for raising 560,000 for improvements.

Perhaps it would be more correct to say that plans were

-formulated for spending that much money.53 Time has borne

out the fact that not over $60,000 has been raised to the

present date. This fact is personally known to the writers

who sits as a member of the Executive Committee. The two

buildings constructed were the Apartment House, at an

approximate cost of X23,000, and the Psychiatric Building,

at an approximate cost of 533,000.

The trailer village was set up during; the year 1947.
Twenty-five expansible trailers were secured from the govern-

ment.54 These have been used to house married students. They

have weathered well for the six years since their installation;

but are gradually deteriorating, one by one.

A decided improvement in the Agricultural Division in 1947

was the construction of a dairy-processing plant; the sift

of Mrs. Silas Waters of Cincinnatti, Ohio.55

The building was constructed of concrete blocks, faced

with field stone. This provided the necessary quarters for

a modern pasterurizing and processing plant.

.1,IIID*.

53. Madison Survey)April 30, 1947, pp. 29-30.

54. Madison Survey, October 15, 1947, p. 78.
55. Madison Survey, December 1, 1947, pp. 87-88.

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Many private homes have been built on the campus, but

they are too numerous to mention, for the Madison campus is

virtually a village.

The immediate project for the future is a series of

twenty-eight small apartments for married students. These

apartments will be housed in three buildins to be located

on the site of the old vineyard, next to the present Apartment

House. The business and civic leaders of Nashville plan to

launch a campaign in September, 1953, to raise 375,000 for

this project.

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 S

APPENDIX A

162

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 APPENDIX A

CHARTER

State of Tennessee
Department of State

I, Jno. W. Morton, Secretary of the State of

Tennessee, do certify that the annexed instrument,
Registration, was filed in my office for registra-
tion, on the 5th day of August, 1905, and recorded
on the 5th day of August, 1905, in Corporation
Record, Book 3, in said office, page 137.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto sub-
scribed my official sinature; and, by order of
the Governor, affixed the Great Seal of the State
of Tennessee, at the Department, in the City of
Nashville, this 5th day of AuLust, A. D. 1905.

Jno. W. Morton, Secretary of State

STATE OF TENNESSEE CHARTER OF INCORPORATION

Be it known, that George I. Butler, of Nashville;

Stephen N. Haskell, of Nashville; Nellie Druillard,
of Madison; M. Bessie BeGraw, of Madison; E. A. Sutherland,
of Madison; and Percy T. Magan of Madison, all in the
State of Tennessee, are hereby constituted a body
Politic and corporate, by the name and style of pur-
pose hereinafter stated under subsections 1, 2, and
of Section 2513 of Shannon's Code, which read
as follows:

tReli4on.--The support of public worship, the

building of churches and chapels, and the maintenance
of all missionary undertakings.

"Charity.--The support of any benevolent or

charitable undertaking; as a lodge of Masons, Odd
Fellows, hospitals for the sick, houses of refuge or
correction orphan asylums, and all other objects of like
nature.

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"Literature, History, Painting, Music, Fine

Arts, Trade.--The support of any literary or scientific
undertaking,--as, a college or university, with power
[Link] degrees, an academy, a debating society,
lyceum; the establishment of a library; the support
of an historical society; the organization and
support of a battlefield association; the promotion
of painting, music, or the fine arts; the support
of boards of trade or chambers of commerce, or
other objects of like nature.

"The general purposes of this Corporation more

particularly stated are: the founding of an agricul-
tural and normal school and a sanitarium at Madison,
Tennessee, and, if desired, at other points in the
State of Tennessee, and elsewhere in the United States
of America, for the teaching and training of mission-
aries, teachers, and farmers, who are Willing to
devote at least a certain portion of their lives in
unselfish, unremunerative, missionary labor for the
glory of God, and the benefit of their fellowmen.
The situation so to be established shall be undenom-
inational and unsectarian insofar as that any worthy
and approved person or persons may be accepted
students, but it shall be sectarian and denomina-
tional to the extent that the religious doctrines
taught and inculcated shall be those of the Seventh-day
Adventist Church.

"The general powers of said Corporation shall be

to sue and be sued by the corporate name, to have and
use a common seal, which it may alter at pleasure; if
no common seal, then the signature of the name of the
Corporation by any duly authorized officer shall be
oegal and binding; to purchase and hold or receive
by gift, bequest, or devise, in addition to the per-
sonal property owned by the Corporation, real estate
necessary for the transaction of the Corporate busi-
ness, and also to purchase or accept any real estate
in payment or in part payment of any debt due to the
Corporation, and sell the same; to establish By-Laws,
and make all rules and regulations not inconsistent
with the laws and Constitution deemed expedient for
the management of corporate affairs; and to appoint
such subordinate officers and agents in addition to
a President and Secretary or Treasurer, as the business
of the Corporation may require, designate the name of
the office and fix the compensation of the officer.

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"The said five or more incorporators shall,

within a convenient time after the registration of
this Charter in the office of the Secretary of
State elect from their number a President, Secretary,
Treasurer, or the last two offices may be com-
bined into one, said officers and the other incor-
porators to Constitute the first Board of Directors.
In all elections each member is to be entitled to
vote either in person or by proxy, and the result
to be determined by thB majority of votes cast.
Due notice of any election must be given by adver-
tisement in a newspaper, personal notice to the
members, or a day stated on the minutes of the Board
six months preceding the election. The Board of
Directors shall keep record of all their proceedings,
which shall be at all times subject to the inspection
of any member. The Corporation, may establish branches
in any other county in the State.

"The Board of Directors may have the power to

increase the number ofDirectors to seven or ten if
they deem the interest of the Corporation requires
such increase; and the first or any subsequent Board
of Directors may_have the power to elect other members,
who, on acceptance of membership, shall become corporators
equally with the original corporators. The Board
of Directors shall have the right to determine what
amount of money paid into the treasury shall be a
prerequisite for membership, or if necessary, what
amount shall be thus annually paid; and a failure to
pay shall, in the discretion of the Directors, justify
the expulsion of said defaulting member. The term
of all officers may be fixed by the By-Laws, the said
term, not, however, to exceed three years. All officers
hold over until successors are duly elected and
qualified.

"The general welfare of socity, not individual

profit, is the object for which this charter is granted,
and hence the members are not stockholders in the legal
sense of the term, and no dividends or profit shall
be divided among the members. The members may at any
time voluntarily dissolve the Corporation by a conveyance
of its assets and property to any other corporation hol-
ding a charter from the State for the purposes not of
individual profit, first providing for corporate debts.

"A violation of any of the provisions of this

Charter shall subject the Corporation to dissolution
at the .insistance of the State.

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"This Charter is subject to modification of amend-

ment; and in case said modification or amendment is not
accepted, corporate business is to cease, and the assets
and property, after the payment of debts, are to be
conveyed, as aforesaid, to some other corporation hold-
ing a charter for purposes not connected with individual
profit. Acquiescence in any modification thus declared
shall be determined in a meeting specially called for
that purpose, and only those voting in favor of the
modification shall thereafter compose the Corporation.

"The means,. assets, income, or other property of

the Corporation shall not be employed directly or in-
directly for any other purpose whatever than to accom-
plish the legitimate objects of its creation, and by no
implication shall it possess the power to issue notes
or currency, deal in currency? notes, ,or coin, buy or
sell products, or engage in any kind of trading operations,
nor hold any more real estate than is necessary for its
legitimate purposes.

"Expulsion shall be the only remedy for the non-

payment of dues by the members, and there shall be no
individual liability against the members for corporate
debts, but the entire corporate property shall be
liable for the claims of creditors.*

"We, the undersigned, apply to the State of

Tennessee, by virtue of the laws of the land, for a
Charter of Incorporation for the purposes and with
the powers, etc., declared in the foregoing Instrument.

This Lith day of August, 1905."

Stephen N. Haskell Edward A. Sutherland

Nellie H. Druillard George I. Butler

M. Bessie DeGraw Percy T. Magan

*The laws of Tennessee obligate all who incorporate

under the "General Welfare Act," to include in their
charter the foregoinp. eight quoted paragraphs without
alteration or amendment.

The Nashville AsTicultural and Normal Institute, Pacific

Press Publishing Company, Mountain View, California: 1908,
pp. 61-64.

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 APPENDDC B

167

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 CHRONOLOGY
June, 1904. Trip of the boat Morning Star up the
Cumberland to Carthage with Mrs. r. C. White., P. T. Hagan,
and E. A. Sutherland on board.

June, 1904. School farm of 412 acres purchased from

Mr. Ferguson.
October 19014. Possession of school farm was obtained.
October, 1904. The first term of the Nashville Agricultural
Normal Institute opened with fifteen students in attendance.
Fall, 1904. Elder and Mrs. S. N. Haskell deeded the property
over to the new corporation.

August 4, 1905. Charter of Incorporation applied for.

September 10, 1905. First meeting of the incorporators of

the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute.

March 28, 1906. First annual meeting of the Patrons of the

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute.
March 30, 1906. First meeting of the Board of Managers of
the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute.

June 3, 1906. Special Board meeting held in tent in

Nashville at which time it was voted to establish a
sanitarium in connection with the school.

October 23, 1908. Board increased from fifteen to seventeen

members.

1908. Faculty wage NJ a month.

1904-1908. About twenty buildings erected, some were:
Nebraska Cottage, Boulder Cottage, Ames Cottage, Oregon
Cottage, Upper Columbia CottaQ;e Miller Cottage, Peach
Cottage, Patton Cottage, Phelps Cottage, Druillard Cottage,
Lenker Cottage, Magan Cottage, and Sutherland Cottage.

November 29, 1912. Meeting of Patrons of N.A.N.I. accepted

gift of cow barn by Nis Hansen, Sr.

1912. One and one-half miles of blacktop road built into campus.

168

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1908-1912. Buildings erected: Taylor Cottage, Matheisen

Cottage, Davison Cottage, Kinne Kitchen, The Fruit House,
The Implement and Carriage House, and The Mechanical Shop.

1910-1914. E. A. Sutherland and P. T. Magan took the Medical

course.

1914. Books of the school audited for the first time by

Conference auditor, E. H. Rees.

October 13, 1914. Ellen G. White resigns as a member of the

Board of Trustees, due to failing health.

1915. Nurses training course was lengthened from one to

two years.

1916. Dr. Sutherland succeeded S. N. Haskell as president of

the Board of Trustees. (S. N. Haskell had held this
Position since founding of the school in 1904).

1917. Miss M. Bessie DeGraw succeeded Dr. Magan as secretary

of the Board of Trustees.

April 3, 1917. School donated 2,000 copies of "Christ1 s

Object Lessons" to the Ooltewah building fund.

December 6, 1917. Annual meeting of the Board of Managers,

of the Board of Trustees, and of the constituents of
the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute.

December 13, 1917. Fall, short courses begin.

December, 1917. Doctors Percy and Lillian Magan left to join

the College of Medical Evangelists.

1917-1918. Food Factory moved to campus from Edgefield.

1918. Faculty received twelve cents an hour in addition

to their $13 monthly allotment.

1919. Madison Survey first published.

Fall of 1919. Rural center and home purchased on Gallatin

Pike for the Nashville cafeteria and treatment room workers.

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1918-1919. Polk Street Settlement House came into hands of

the Madison School.

January, 1920. Cottage Number Fourteen burned (housed one

dozen students).

1920. Mrs. E. A. Sutherland conducted classes in dietetics

and cooking at several'of the Southern Campmeetings.

1921. Faculty received twelve cents an hour.

January 7, 1921. Electric lights turned on for the first

time in the Sanitarium.

January 26, 1921. New greenhouse in use.

October, 1921.. Steam heat replaced stoves in the Sanitarium

for the first time.

November 9, 1921. New sewage system under construction.

March, 1921. Heavy frosts the last of March, seriously

injured the fruit crop.

June 21, 1921. Board of Managers accepted seventy-two acres

of land South of Neely's Bend Road, purchased by Mrs. Lida
Scott.

1922. Co-operative work and study plan inaugurated. (Six

weeks in classwork followed by six weeks in work department).
February 8, 1922. Clark Cottage under construction.

February 16, 1922. Action taken to incorporate the Board of

Managers.

March 8, 1922. The city cafeteria bus was involved in a

wreck on Gallatin Pike and overturned; three were injured,
but none seriously.

July,1922. Women's treatment room at the Sanitarium under-

going remodeling.

May, 1922.. New Sanitarium kitchen, the - gift of Mrs. Lida Scott,
opened during the first week of May.

July, 1922. Destructive hail storm ruined the school gardens

and much of the fruit.

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October 5, 1922. Helen Funk Assembly Hall dedicated, (gift

from Mrs. Lida Scott in memory of her mother.)

October 8, 1922. Power house in Sanitarium destroyed by fire.

October 11, 1922. Death of Elder S. N. Haskell.

April 13-14, 1923. Madison admitted to the Association of

Southern Junior Colleges.

April 23, 1923. Nashville Vegetarian Cafeteria opened in

its new location.

May, 1923. Madison School Band gave its first concert away
from home (at Goodlettsville).

July, 1923. Library reading room opened in new assembly hall.

August, 1923. Dr. E. A. Sutherland and Mrs. Lida Scott

not injured in derailment of Dixie Flier.

August 14, 1923. Death of Christine Owens Kinsman, one of

Madison's first students.

August 29, 1923. Black-topping of Neely's Bend road completed

by the county (replaces old stony road).
November 7, 1923. Dittes Cottage under construction.

1924. Faculty received fourteen cents an hour in addition

to their >13 monthly allotment.

January, 1924. The Layman Foundation organized.

January, 1924. Madison College leased fifty acres of orchard

land at Ridgetop from the Layman Foundation.

January 30, 1924. Mechanical Arts Building under construction.

February 27, 1924. Two-room cottage under construction on

Mrs. Scott's lot.

April, 1924. Steam-heated hot water tanks installed in the

Assembly Hall, Gotzian Home, and the Sanitarium to eliminate
heating water with stoves.

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April, 1924. A Ford jitney and a Ford sedan, gifts of

Mrs. Druillard, put into service between the Madison
station and the school.

April 1, 1924. The new corporation of the Board of Managers

was named the Rural Educational Association.

May, 1924. New charter for Rural Educational Association

applied for.

June 1, 1924. The R. E. A. began to operate officially.

July 23, 1924. Hawkinfs Cottage under construction.

October 29, 1924. New bakery and new bakery brick oven com-
pleted.

1925. Students paid ten cents an hour.

1925. Faculty received fifteen cents an hour in addition

to their $13 monthly allotment.

1925. Union Hill Orchard purchased.

1925. Twenty-seven acres (apple orchard) purchased at Ridgetop

for the sum of $2,500.

January 1, 1925. Erection of the sawmill completed.

January 6, 1925. Board of Trustees sold five and three-
eights acres of land south of Neelyfs Bend road to Mayor
Howse for sum of $538.

March, 1925. Private telephone service installed- in patients!

rooms.

April, 1925. N. C. and Mrs. Wilson sailed as missionaries to

Africa.

June, 1925. The Wilson farm of 296 acres purchased by the

Layman Foundation and traded to the school for the property
south of Neelyfs Bend Road with exception of approximately
thirteen acres.

1926. Student hospital completed.

November 10, 1926. Walter Wilson cottage under construction.

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1927. The school lost the Love lawsuit in the State Supreme
Court. Cost to the school was ii7171.45. Litigation had
been in process for more than ten years, over alleged
contamination of Mr. Love's spring by Madison sewage.

January 5, 1927. Cumberland River at floodstage with

water over Neely's Bend road (exceeded flood of 1882).

July 10, 1927. Orchestra broadcast over station Irmo.

August 10, 1927. Twelve-room stucco cottage for Sanitarium
completed.

Fall, 1927. Three student cottages of four rooms each, completed.

October 1, 1927. Student wages raised to twenty cents an hour.

November 30-December 2, 1927. Madison High School accepted

into the Southern Association.

1926-1927. Solarium constructed at Sanitarium.

1926-1927. Six-room cottage added to Sanitarium.

1928. Madison accredited as a Junior College.

1928. Madison ceased to make its own electric current and

connected to the city current. Institution equipment held
as a standby.

February 1, 1928. Concrete bridge under construction across

the Cumberland near the college.

February 2, 1928. Fountain Head Sanitarium burned.

JUiY2 1928. Cumberland river overflowed its banks onto the

bottom land. This is unusual for midsummer.

October, 1928. The X-ray Department was first to move into

the new Administration Building.

1929. W. E. Straw elected Dean.

1929. The annual convention of self-supporting workers was

not held this year due to illness of Dr. E. A. Sutherland.

1929. Last year of plan of dividing profits among faculty .

members. No cash paid- that year, each member being given
a note. (Some notes are still held up to this year, 1953).

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January 13,. 1929. Death of Mrs. Anton Williman.

April, 1929. College and Sanitarium gave up their own water

system and connected to the New Lakewood water system.

May, 1929. John Stenger seriously injured in tractor accident._

May, 1929. Joe Sutherland cottage completed.

hay, 1929. Kenneth Sheriff cottage completed.

May-June, 1929. Twenty-four hundred feet .of six-inch water

main laid on the campus.

June, 1929. The sixty foot by twenty-five foot water standpipe

on campus was completed.

August, 1929. County surfaced road from Neely's Bend Road

to the Sanitarium.

August, 1929. New street light posts installed on the

Sanitarium grounds.

October, 1929. County surfaced road from Larkin Spring's

Road up to the campus.

November 8, 1929. Death of Mrs. C. L. Kendall.

1930. The annual convention of self-supporting workers was

postponed until the Spring of 1931.

1930. Plans laid to make Madison an accredited senior college.

1930. C. H. Dye became sales manager for Madison Foods.

March 8, 1930. Mr. and Mrs. Clifton Smith sailed for China.
Mrs. Smith graduated in 1923.

April 8, 1930. Magan cottage caught fire and roof was damaged.

June, 1930. Nashville Banner_published article and pictures

on the Madison program.

August 13, 1930. Death of Professor Sidney Brownsberger.

August 27, 1930. Boys' Cabin Court under construction.

October 8, 1930. Installation of Public Address System in
the Sanitarium completed.

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1931. Rural Workers Guild founded.

1931. The Cricket Club built a sidewalk from the Assembly

Hall up toward the Sanitarium.

1931. Alumni Association formed for nursing graduates.

February 1931. Excavation started for the Demonstration

School Building.

October 28, 1931. Survey stated that "The Girls' Cabin

Court" had been completed.

December 23, 1931. Dr. Lew Wallace home under construction.

December 23, 1931. Dr. George Droll home under construction.

1932. Floyd Bralliar elected Dean succeeding W. E. Straw.

1932. The Junior Guild founded (successor to the Southern

Band).

March 9, 1932. Survey stated that a large fire bell had been
purchased; also that a fire truck had been secured.

March 23, 1932. Survey stated that Demonstration School

Building was practically completed.

April 5, 1932. In the library book-raising campaign the

Katydid club (girls) raised 811 books to 631 books by
the Cricket Club (boys).

May 2, 1932. College Band participated in the Nashville Blue

Ribbon parade.

June 22, 1932. Alfonzo Baez returned to Mexico as a medical

missionary.

July 27-August 6, 1932. Health Institute held with J. G. White

leading out assisted by P. A. Webber.

August 1, 1932. Four s tudents began operating the Nashville

Vegetarian Cafeteria on a project basis. (Irma Rocke
Esther Sanford, Mrs. Karl Erickson, and Howard Davidson).

November 23, 1932. Survey stated that Print shop had moved
into quarters in the Science Building.

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March, 1933. Death of J. C. Howell.

May., 1933. Dr. Erich Sorantin, violinist, gave concert,
accompanied by the Tennessee Philharmonic Orchestra.

May, 1933. Laymanls Extension League organized.

, 1933. Biology class took field trip to Florida and

July.
adjacent states.

August 28--September 11, 1933. Medical Missionary Workers'

Institute held with J. G. White leading out.
August, 1933. The broom shop burned.

November 8, 1933. Survey stated that the College was accepted

as a four-:year college by the Tennessee College Association.

1934. Magan and Kendall cottages moved to make room for the
new library.

1934. Madison dropped its Junior College accreditation.

February 10, 1935. Fountain Head Sanitarium burned to the

ground for the second time.

Spring, 1935. Food. For Life, by Frances Dittes, published.

April 15, 1935. First issue of the Student Paper, The Peptimist
Crier.

May 15, 1935. Frances Dittes received her Ph.D. in Nutrition

at Peabody College.

September 15, 1935. Farewell for Dr. and Mrs. P. A. Webber

who returned to Japan.

September 30, 1935. Death of Josephine Gotzian.

October, 1935. Application filed with Washington for a campus

post office.

1936. Decision made to discontinue the high school with close

of school year, June, 1937.

1936. First floor of Assembly Hall remodeled for the Music

Department.

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February 2, 1936. Board of Trustees of N. A. N. I. accepted

endowment fund of a50,000 left by William H. Magness, to be
administered by the Commerce Union Bank.

April 1, 1936. The Library Building in the process of

construction.

April 29, 1936. Madison Survey carried announcement that

a campus post office had been granted by the Government.

April, 1936. Dr. James C. Muir lectured at Peabody

Demonstration School auditorium on archeology under auspices
of Madison College.

May, 1936. Southern Junior College Chorus gave concert at

Madison.

May 2, 1936. Peabody Chorus gave concert at Madison.

August 17--September 8, 1936. Short course in Medical

Evangelism conducted by J. G. White.

October 18, 1936. The library was dedicated. Speaker was

Dr. Doak Campbellof Peabody Collee.

December, 1936. Laundry building construction started.

1936-1937. Cottages constructed: Conser cottage, Dr. Lew

Wallace home, Burdick cottage, George Juhl home, McClure
cottage, and Mother D. Lodge addition.

January-February, 1937. Cumberland Riverat floodstage.

Neely's Bend Road cut off.
February 16, 1937. The Mechanical Arts building completely
destroyed by fire.

March, 1937. Scott house badly damaged by fire.

May 1, 1937. Southern Junior College Chorus presented a

sacred concert at Madison.

May 5, 1937. Madison College students presented NYA program

over radio station WSIX.

June, 1937. College Senior Class took a trip and visited

many of the units.

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June, 1937. Frederick Ma from China, a former Madison

student, received his Ph.D. from Michigan State Agricultural
College.

June 23, 1937. New Laundry completed and in operation.

July 1, 1937. Death of Nellie H. Druillard (Mother D).

July 1, 1937. Madison College Post Office promoted to third

class rating.

September 1, 1937. Death of Elder W. C. White.

September 22, 1937. Barracks remodeling for married students
completed.
1937. Gotzian Hall remodeled into a Home Economics and
Nutrition Laboratory.

1938. H. [Link] elected Dean succeeding Floyd Bralliar.

1938. Men's bath house built.

February, 1938. Construction of Surgical Wing on Sanitarium,

authorized.
March 5, 1938. The Assembly Hall was re-dedicated upon com-
pletion of the remodeling, and the installation of new
seats.

March 16, 1938. Board of Trustees accepted 01,000 donation

from C. B. Ragland to be placed in the Druillard Fund.

March 16, 1938. Druillard funds become permanent revolving

fund for school earning departments.

March 20, 1938. One hundred and fifty members of Daughters

of America and the Junior Order of the United American
Mechanics visited the campus and presented a flag and a
Bible.

April, 1938. Cantata, "Esther," presented.

April 27-31, 1938. Homecoming of Nurses' class of 1935.

May, 1938. Madison College received world wide acclaim and

publicity through an article entitled, "Self-Supporting
College" by Weldon Melick, published in the Reader's Digest.

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July 1, 1938 Dr. Trivett opened dental offices in the

Sanitarium.

October 6, 1938. Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt wrote concerning

Madison in her daily column entitled ully Day."

November 6, 1938. Pictures of Madison College appeared in

rotogravure section of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

January 1, 1939. Madison Survey changed from a weekly to a

bi-monthly paper.

May 27, 1939. The Old Hickory Band entertained the Madison
family.

June, 1939. Business and Civic leaders of Nashville raised

45,000 toward construction of Williams Hall.

July, 1939. Construction started on Williams Hall (girls4

dormitory).

January 6--January 20, 1940. Medical Evangelistic Institute

conducted by Julius Gilbert White.

February 3--10, 1940. Professor Arthur Spalding studied

Christian Education with the Faculty.

May 19, 19)40. 1940 Ford Mercury chassis purchased for the
fire engine.

August 21, 1940. Fiftieth wedding anniversary celebration

for Dr. and Mrs. E. A. Sutherland.

September, 1940. Chinese students from eighteen Southern

states held their fourth annual convention at Madison College.

November, 1940. A group of faculty members spent several days

as guests of the Kellogg Foundation in Battle Creek.
December, 1940. Arthur White delivered lectures on the life,
work, and writings of Mrs. E. G. White.

Winter, 1941. Faculty room opened in Library Building.

April, 1941. Dr. and Mrs. Ira Gish accompanied by nine students,
visited Mexico.

June, 1941. New horse barn constructed.

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Fall, 1941. General Conference at Fall Council gave $80000

donation toward Williams Hall.

1941. Williams Hall.(girlst dormitory) occupied.

1942. Warren Irwin, former Madison student, died as result

of wounds received when his vessel was torpedoed.

June, 1942. Dr. E. A. Sutherland, first president [Link] Walla

College, was guest speaker at the fiftieth anniversary of
that college.

Summer, 1942. The Nursery School was introduced into the

Madison School, by Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Spalding.

February 27, 1943. Dr. Jay H. Caldwell, former Madison student,

in the Service, killed in plane crash in California.

March, 1943. American Red Cross, Surgical Dressing Unit set

upon the campus under direction of Florence Hartsock.

march, 1943. Six-months course set up to train men as

hospital aides.

June, 1943. Campmeeting held on the campus.

June, 1943. Professor E. C. Jacobsen left Madison to take

charge of the school at Monterrey, Mexico.

November 9, 1944. Lieutenant John R. Wilson, son of Mr. and

Mrs. Ray Wilson, reported lost over Germany.

October, 1943. Elder R. I. Keate became pastor of the College

Church.

March 12, 1944. Professor J. G. Rimmer introduced the "Madison

"Hymn," written by himself.

April, -1944. Ruth Carnahan left the U. S. as a:missionary to

the Songa Mission Hospital in the Belgian Congo.

May 15, 1944. Suburban Bus Lines inaugurated a bus service

from Nashville to Neely's Bend through the College Campus.
May, 1944. Voice of Prophecy, "[Link] Heralds" presented a
program at Madison.

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June, 1944. Kentucky-Tennessee held its annual campmeeting

on the campus.

June, 1944. Madison College Grammar School won first prize

in the couty-wide waste paper collection drive.

AuRust 28, 19440 Dr. Ambrose Suhrie joined the faculty.

October; 194)4- Death of Elmer E. Brink.

January, 1945, Dr, J. C, Trivett resumed practice as dentist

at Madison College after two years in the service.

March 12--18, 1945, Committee from General Conference and

Southern Union inspected the self-supporting Units and
Madison.

May 4, 1945, Death of Lida Scott.

1946. Thomas Steen elected president succeeding E. A. Sutherland.

June 21-24, 1946. Homecoming of boys from the service of

their country,

June 24, 19460 Memorial service on college campus in honor of

boys who gave their lives in the service of their muntry,
(Aubrey Alexander, Jay Caldwell, Donald Colbert, Warren Irwin,
Dewey Lester, Alexander McKinnon, J. L. Thomas, and
John Robert Wilson).

December, 1946, Survey Commission visited Madison.

1947, Dairy herd stood at head of the list of herds in

Tennessee having over fifty head of cows.

1947. Milk processing plant completed, (a gift of Mrs.

Silas Waters of Cincinnati, Ohio).

March 4-5, 1947. Organization at Cincinnati, .of the

Association of Seventh-day Adventist. Self-supporting
Institutions,

July 30, 1947, Board authorized building of the apartment house.

October 26, 1947, Faculty voted to seek accreditation as a

Junior College and to discontinue granting B. S. degrees
after class of 1948, (Board did not sustain this
recommendation),

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 182

October, 1947. Trailer city of twenty-five government

trailers established on campus as homes for married G. I.'s.

1948. W. E. Straw elected president succeeding Thomas Steen.

April, 1948. The student assembly ratified a new constitution

changing the official student organization to the "Associated
Students of Madison College."

1949. J. A. Tucker elected dean succeeding H. J. Welch.

February 24; 1949. Agricultural conference held at Madison

College with representatives from the units.

May 29, 1949. Farewell held for Elder and Mrs. H. [Link],
as- they left for Africa mission field.

1950. Wesley Amundsen elected president succeeding W. E. Straw.

May 2, 1950. A building bee was held and the Peck house
was built in one day (with exception of interior and
exterior finish).

July 1, 1950. Post Office raised to second class rating.

October 1, 1950. First class entered the school of Anesthesia.

September, 1951. Death of Floyd Bralliar.

December 1,2, 1951. Rural Education Association voted to

dissolve.

December 2, 1951. The re-constituted Nashville Agricultural and

Normal Institute Board'became the operating board of the
Institution.

February 5, 1952. New Psychiatric Building opened (later named

Parkview).

April 8, 1952. A. A. Jasnerson elected president of Madison

College, succeeding Wesley Amundsen.

April 18, 1952. William Sandborn elected dean of Madison College

succeeding J. A. Tucker.

July 27, 1952. Group of representatives from the units met at

Madison to study the future development of Madison College.
March 18, 1953. Death of Mrs. E. A. Sutherland.

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 APPENDIX C

183

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 APPENDIX C

LIST OF GRADUATES

1912 1922
Schilling, Bertha* Hender Ethel*
Magnenatel
1914 Messinger)E.
Brownsberger, Ethel * Mills, Arthur'
Brownsberger, John** Rush; Elizabeth"
DeGraw)Winifred' Rush J. O.*
Dortch, Vera"'
Hubbell;Charles 1923
Lewis, James' Bean, Harvey H.
Spear, Lola MCAfee; Elizabeth*
Swallen Mrs. Lloyd McAlpine, L. N.*
Swallen Lloyd" Peterson, Stella
Ramey;Leonard
1918 ,
Austin, June' 192t
Cotton, Donald Barrows, Mrs. Charles*
Eckwroth) Rose Footner$ Mary
Godahald, vinlfred Funk, Floyd"
Johnson; Ruth" McAlpine, Mrs. L. N.
Mann, Gertie" Read, Ernest'
Peterson, Elsie" Schnieder, Henry
Peters, John'
1925
1919 Bell, Dorothy
Bowen, D. V." Johnson, Alstrup
Ducker, Jeanette Messinger, E. E.'A
Robey, Arthur Pembrook;Orlie
Smith, Goldie Shutt, Harriet
Sorenson, Anna,
1920 Yates, Roberta-
Halloway Harqet"
Hubbell, ma.( -- 1926
Krum, Helen{ Boynton, Mildred*
Martin, Ruthm Burk, Lydia
mIllford; B. N.7`
1921 Mulford, Mrp. B. N.w
Allen, J. B. Munn, Edith'
French, L. L. Sargent;Mrs. I. H.
Johnson, Martha' Thurston, Dora
Ross, Edith Wile, Violet Mrs.

*Nursing certificate **2 year certificate

***1 year course *Certificate granted

184

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 185

1927 Idol,' Jennie Lee

(First formal graduation) Klaus, Orphia
Roy Hunter Mowry, Mary
Owenbey, Grace
Nurses Peacock, Genevieve
Cantrell, Ruth Putnam, Dale E.
Henderson, Anna Seeley, Mary Lou
Jensen, Mrs. Ruby Sego, Fred
Jones,' Nora Mrs. Skadsheim, Marie E.
Morgan, Margie Spurgion Ruth
Ward, Edna Stout, Rozella
Winquist, Edith Youmans, Mrs. G. T.
Youmans, George T.
Nurses Contld
Miller, Winifred Treatment Rooms
Sego, Mrs. Jeannette Sorrells Mrs. Ella
Watkins:Helen
Yates, Alberta Normal.
Bond, Mary
Normal Sheppler, Aileen
Hall, Mrs. Belle
Henderson, Carl Pre-Medical
King, Mrs. R. B. Bascom, Raymond
Morgan, Bertha Black, Paul
Bliss, Forrest E.
[Link] Eusey, Lee
Beamer:Charles Grandon, Claude L.
Hicks-, Rob Roy Hanahan, Cletis
Jeffs:Harold Hume, Bruce
Jones; William Kendall, Cyrus E.
Stagg,- Ritchey - Kendall, Edna
Walker, Leon Lawrence, Berwyn N.
Mathison, Olaf
Cafeteria Randolph, Eldon
Okohira Alfred Suzuki, Massaichi
Sheriff, Kenneth Webber, Perry A.
1928 Agriculture
Nurses Chalker, Ira
Allison, Janes Chen, Homer
Biggs, Bruce
Bumby, 'William 1929
Cardroy Leta NYTEgs
Fox, - Doyle Mae Armstrong, Bonnie Mae
Hecox, Alice Baker, Catherine
Hoyle, Lenore Brizendine, Deliah

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 186

Curtis, Marian Nester, Murlin

Hoehn:Lydia Pritt, Robert Edward
Lawrence) Mrs. B. N. Santini, Harold Janes
Mcllwain, Lanta
Miller, Mrs. J. H. 1931
Miller, Bonnie A. Birdwell, Emmie Dee
Nichols, Zoetta N. Brown, Beatrice
Port, Carolyn Camel, Mrs. Anna
Fresho, MPS. N. Collins) Theodore
Richardson, Mrs. J. C. Collins, Mrs. Lola
Rocke, Alfred Guffey, Zorah
Sanford, Elsie J. Handy, Stella
Treece) Mrs. T. R. Herrick, Lee
Yancey, Grace E. Hickman, Martha
Hinata, Nana
Normal Hopkins, Marie
Gillispie Nona Belle Klein, Gladys
King, Hazel R McBride, Mrs. Thelma
Parsons, Nora
Pre.-Medical Pena, Emilia
Burdine, Leland W Richmond, Goldie
Greforius Fred Roe, Valerie
Jensen, Frank C Seibert, Bertha
Johnson, Elvin B Sprague, Violet
Johnstone, Samuel Whitlock, Eloise
Taylor, Vivian R Wilson, Isabel
Zoellher, MrS. Julia
1930
Cafeteria Junior College
Rhodes) Bertha J. Baker, Mrs. Bessie
Rhodes)John F. Biggs, Thomas
Coffin, Margaret
1930 Foreman, Dorothy
Nurses Goodge Bayard
Billingsley, Emilie Robinson, Evelyn
McIlwain, Goldie W. Straw, Leland
Moore, Mrs. Edith
Moore, Everett R. 1932
Rhodes Mrs. Bertha NUFFUs
Rhodes John F. Baez,Alphohso
Wilson Margaret E. Calkins, Ruth
Wilson, Harry R. Cave, Ray
Edson, Helen
College Ewaschuk, Lila
Englebert Kenneth Hooten, Dema
Fisher, Paul Lloyd Jacobsen, Edyth
Kendall, John Lowder, Gladys
Ma. Frederick Maddox, Nellie

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 187

Robinson, Leonard Sheppler, Virginia Dale

Robinson, Lillian Taylor, Vivian.
Sauder, Mabel TTood, Marjorie
Sauer, Hiram (Received Certificate)
Sauer, Edith
Sheckler, Paul College Seniors
Speaker, Ila Mary Goedgel Bayard D.:
Treece, Thelma Kelsey, Mary Bernice
Vaughan, Naomi Musselman, Rosetta
Winterton, Mary Louise Roberts, L. LaRue Faudi

Junior College 1934

Piedad, A. E. Nurses
?-?heeler, Mrs. J. T. Aalborg, Dorothy Brown
(November, 1932) Gore, Horace
Hopper, Ruth E..
Pre-Medical Nestess, Ruth Baker
Cummings, Clara Nivison, June
Uummings Walter Peck, Nellie Irene
Ellengerger, Lester Wisdon Geraldine Virginia
Ebel, Raymond Yeager, Alice
Graves, Harold
Ives, Edith College Seniors
Johnson, David Davidson, Ralph M.
Larson, Sam Djang, Stephen
Pearson, Arthur George, Naomi Mildred
Putnam, Dale Hopper, Ruth E.
Randolph, Harry King, Hazel Roxetta
Starr,- Melvin King, Roy B.
Warner, Cecil Low, Marshall J.
Walebir Ferdinand Pruette, Beverly June
Rademan, Helen Marie
Normal'
Glass, Louise 1935
Osborn, Marguerite Nurses
Baxter, Hazel
1933 Brown, Margaret N.
Nurses Davis, Beatrice
Ashby, Ines Izora Erickson, Karl
Campbell, Thelma Elfred Jones, Grace
Green, Emma Katherine LeMaster, Shirley
Hopps, Frances Katherine Low, Ellen
Just, Theodore May, Virginia E.
Keith, Mae Lucille Munn, Dorothy
Lohman, Katherine Parrot, Nicholas B.
Maddox, Theo Pierce, Charles Arthur
Reynolds, Frederick James Rentfro, Edna

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 188

Rucker, Leola G. Hoist, Louise C.

Rucker, Martha H. Imai, Hoseph Seikichi
Silvers, Catherine H. May, Lillian
Teague, Hazel Maurice Nicholson, Betty
Womack, Ethyl Pearson, Anna Elizabeth
Zeigler Freida Carolyn Sandborn, William Cruzan
Zeigler, Janes E. Straw, Alice Goodge
Zimmerman, Russell C. Taylor, Florence Hassett
Varonen, Marie
B. S. Degrees Walker, Richard Arthur
Brownsberger, Elsie C.
Crowther, Frances L. 1937
Ging, Nelson Nurses
Hewitt, Lawrence Bischoff, Joseph H.
Jasperson Marguerite M. Carleton, Viola
Leslie, Elaine V. Davidson, Howard F.
Rimer, James G. Douglas, Ida Irene
Pallace, Marguertie Coffin Jones, Marie
Webber, Ella Mae Miller, Floy E.
Zeigler, James E. Pifer, Vesta
Pooser, Mary R.
1936 Rand, Josephine
Nurses Randolph, George R.
Caldwell, A. R. Sorensen, Harry L.
Faudi, Alice N. Vaselenko, Mary
Faudi, Marvin N.
Gleason, Mildred D. B. S. Degree
Graham, Marie . Ard Susan Y.
Harvey, Roberta G. Beebe, Chancey 0.
Hewitt,. Betty Goodge; Roger F.
Hoyt, Louise M. Harris, Stanley C. Jr.
King,, Audrey, E. Jackson, Irma
Kominsky, Irene Jones, John 0.
McConnell, Hazel Winifred Katcher, George P.
Payne, Mildred A. King, Audrey E.
Sandborn, William Cruzan Liu, Delbert
Sutton, Eleanor Mathews, Dorothy Ni.
Velia' Glenn Edward Moore, Ralph
Wenzel, Lydia R. Sandborn, Helen D.
Velia, Glenn E.
B. S. Degree Wheeler, J. T.
Cannada, Fannie Lois Winkle, Elsie D.
Chen, Helen Feng
Crockett, Lucille Virginia 1938
Doub Golda Luella Nurses
Goodge Violet Jackson Barrow7-77ne
Hall, Stanley Clarence Bischoff, Esther

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 189

Brost, Emily Smith Sibyl

Canaday, Dorothy Marie Thompson, Myrtle Annie
Carleton, Gertrude
Colbert, Ruby B. S. Degree
Dierks; Audree Beaven, Barbara
Ezelle, Augusta Biggs, Helen Hannah
Faudi, Philip H0. Black; Fred
Einer,- Bernice Bogar, Nina Thomas
Kinzer, Bernice Cothren, George
Lausten Frances Mo Gallagher, Robert
Leslie, Helen L. Gregorius, Hans
Long, Erma Lucille Hale, Georgia
Miller, Quinto Hewitt, Herbert
Pooser, Margaret Hirabayashi, Toshiuki
Rice, Margaret Lane,: Lily
Ritchie, Louise Marie Lowry, Sidney
Russell, Mrs. Lillian Ray, Willard F.
Williamson, Ila Robert, John
Stephens, Roland
B. S. Degree Thompson, Lelia Emma
Barrett, Homer N Truitt, Sarah Spady
Bralliar, John Welch, 'Richard
Brost; Ben B. Whidden, Lorena
Brown, Mary E. Woods, Paul A.
Davis, Esther Sanford
Herman, Russell C. 1940
Johnson, Ruby Nurses
Judson, Frank E, Call ender, Gladys
Larson, Lewis J, Cross, Elizabeth Alice
Liao; Shubert Giles, Ruth Mildred
Martinl Ralph 1t Kantzer, Charles W.
Mizukami, William T. Lamberton, Helen
Paskan, Julius McCorckle, Albert Wilson
Sheriff, Kenneth McKinney, Opal
Soule, Mary Jack Schaefer, John R.
Steele, Byron Ho Slack, Louise Marie
Thomas, Earline E, Stiles, Marjorie Helen
Teel, Ivan
1939
B. S. Degree
Felice, Irene Black, Dorothy Lee
Ferguson, Esther Ruby Blair, James W.
Frank, Johanna E. Boynton, Gerald W.
Gallagher, Robert Creighton, Mildred Davidson
Herman, Russell Hochstetter, Gideon E.
Rabucha, William Michael Hoyt, Louise
Reeve, Charles Leslie Ingram, Tennys

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 190

Konigsfeld Otto Johnson, Jerusha

Lee, Cecil Kaunzer, Charles William
Lin, Grace (Shu-Ying) Kayner, John
Liu, Phyllis Pie-Chen Kendall, Cyrus E.
Meier, Doris Emma McCorlke, Albert Wilson
Myers, Russell E. Pierce, William Emmett
Newlon,, Inez Barlow Pitcher, Fern
Nichols, Ruth Randolph, George
O'Callaghan, James P. Sanderson, Bruce
Roosevelt, Helen Sauer, Hiram W.
Suzuki, John I. Steinman, Wilma
Sypel Ross J. Stillwell, Esther Hornoi
Thomas, Gene 'ang, Philip.
Wiley, Doris Hansen Whitlock, Janes Monroe
Woo, J. Jonathan Yoshimura, Samuel

19141 1942
Nurses Nurses
Bowes, Glen G. Vallie Irene
Brost,- Gertrude E. Belin, B. Arthur
Burger, Freda Louise Bidwell, Dwight Laurence
Burk, Pauline Marie Bowen, DeLayne
Case, Kathryn Grace Harold, Raymond
Faudi, Ottoh Harper, Margaret Elizabeth
Hunt, Charlotte Estella Marley, Evelyn
Jacobson, Robert McIntyre, Dorothy Marie
Laurell, Zelia Nix, Howard E.
Littell Fay Lester Parker, Cecil
McCall, Marie Pierce, Charlotte Jane
Pajakowshi Stella Ramsey, Mary Belle
Parfitt, Leonard D. Rebman, Alice Dean
Smith, Doris Elizabeth Santini, Robert V.
Teufert LaVerna Thomas, Elsie E.
Wayne, Dorothy Inez Thomas, Halide Lillian
Williams, Maydell Vanderbilt, Carrie Mae
Williams, Stella Voss, Mary Ann
Windemuth, Catherine
B. S. Degree
Batchelder, Moses Arthur B. S. Degree
Baughman, Willis Frank Adamson, Louis D.
Bowman, Geneva Aebersold, Charles
Burdick,' Olga O. Brachett, Edith
Carleton, Arthur E. Bryant, Vesta E.
Christman, Harry K. Bryant, Wm. Arthur
Ford, Augustus Carroll Carnahan, Ruth E.
Graham, Lorriane Cross, Gordon
Hewitt, Vera Noss Davis, Lilian Lucille
Hill, hudrey Aileen Dawson, Dorothy

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 191

Frank, Edward Carl B. S. Degree

Hirabayashi, Mary Illbariau, Minnie
Hodges, William Clayton Brackett, Edna
Hogsett, Harriet H. Brown, Margaret i.
Lius, John Dittos, Elinor Steen
marley Everett Durrie, Anna B.
McQueen; Jack Irby, Nary Lee
Nelendy, Clifford R. Johnson, Carl Adolph.
Melendy, Nora TK Johnson, Patricia Ann
Messinger, Emil E. 'contra, Connie Anne
Register, Ulma Doyle Martin, Doyle B.
Sauer, Edith Mary Proctor, Mary Nell
Scheger, John Quittmeyer, Dolores Graham
Schlenker, Elator Quittmeyer, Ernest W.
Seino, Victor Seitz, Marian
Seino, Masako Shinkawa, Tody
Seino, Yoshio Spalding, A. W.
Seymour, Joanna Voss, Mary Ann
Thomas, Geraldine Bond
Tales, Louis Grant Jr. 1944
Williamson, Nobie Nurses
Wrinkler, Lindsay Robert Bondranko, George
Creighton, Gordon G.
1943 Creighton, Norene Lyon
Nurses Cushman, Wm. C.
Bartell, Glenn Dilley, Maxine
Bond, Norma Jane Hamel, Verle Anna
Bothei Lydia Jo Hunt, Mildred June
Cline, Muriel Lucille Price, Alice Marie
Friend, Corrine Sisco Vilma J,
Heslip Maybn Lillian Speaker, Eleanor R.
Jacobsen, Mary Edna Steen, Elizabeth Crawford
Tohnson, Louise A. Voss, Rosie E.
Niger, Norma Maurline
Lillie, Ella Irene B. S. Degree
Martin, Doyle B Brooks, Lois Annabelle
Mattson, Josephine Anne Dittes, Captain Albert G.
Medlin, Dorothy Marie Jenkins, Vergil C.
Miller, Isabelle A. Junihira, Shiro
Reed, Vergie Deweese Lillie -Edminister, Elfa
Scheible Gertrude McElheny, Ruth June
Seymour, Georgia Catherine Mole, Robert Lee
Spencer, John Raymond Ruggles, Evelyn Bealer
Trivett Gladys Evelyn Shichara, Taira
Voss, avada Ione Speaker, Lt. Colonel Other F.

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 192

Tabuchi, Ichiro Hilburn, Ruby B.

Yoshida, Elly Youriko Hiss, Regina Elvyra
Overdorf, Ethel Mae
1945 Pride, Forrest LeRoy
Nurses Schwab, William F.
Adams, Selma Go Siewert, Mary Frances
Arnold, Daisy E. Stewart, 'ottie Ervin
Birch,' Deatrice
Bishop, Orha B. B. S. Degree
Brummer, Freida Bidwell, Dwight L.
Bull, .Margaret E. Bisalski, Edwin M.
Burton, Ruth Ella Bowes, Roy R.
Gorin, 'Hazel K. Browning, Thomas Gordon
Jackson, Tessie Gallagher, Sibyl S.
Jacobsen, Ethelyn Lucille Halverson, Beulah
Jewel, Ruth M. Hilgers, Walter H.
Meador, Viola R. Hill, Lyndell
Moffat, Alice Jensen, Dorothy
Peek, Maxine M. Jensen, Vera
Perkins, Alberta June Lowe, Patricia Chin-Huei
Puckett, Thelma Lou McBride, Emogene
Sharpe, Jean G. NcNeel, Christine Spears
Thompson, Evelyn M. Rabuka, Wm. M.
Twobulls Mary Ramsey, Janes
VanEman, Betty
1947
B. S'.'Degree Nurses
Carlock, John Douglas Amaa Janeth
Hopps, Hervert Milton Elliott, Marion
Knight, Viola Salsgiver Gurin, Ila
Lillie, Mary Isabel Heisel, Erna
Medlin, Leach Evelyn Jansen, Margaret
Parker, Cecil N. Maehrel Ruth
Peek, Betty A. Stougaard, Jo
Speaker, Eleanor Webb, Eloise
Steen, Elizabeth Crawford
Stuyvesant, P. B. S. Degree
Uchida,. Mamie Nix Amundsen, Wesley
Case, Kathryn
1946 Dickey, Nancy Jane
NUFETs Guest, Maurice
Allen,- Donna Belle Herman, James
Coffee, Amos L. McDonald, Mrs. K. P.
Drury, Gladys Morioka, Masako
Drury, Shirley Nix, Howard
Dubre, Mabel Pride, Forrest
Felder, Edna Rabuka, Mrs. M. M.
Gees, Walter N. Rudisaile, Dorothy

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 193

Shaw, Ward Campbell, Marjorie

Slepnikoff, Fred Carney, Imogene
Trivett James Cline, LUcille
Uchida, May Deas Lucy
Welch, Donald Dickerson, Lottie
Yamaguchi, Grace Martin, Genevieve
Rippy, Gladys
1948 Roberts, Lathan A.
Nurses
Cruickshank, Olive H. XRay Certificate
Donehew, Mildred F. Fisher, Howard
Kelly, Hazel S. Pervis, Harold
Knight, Helene A. Prelog, Michael-
Lucas,' Pauline E.
Martin, Genevieve Medical Technology
Parfitt, Dorothy Jean Pervis Harold
Parfitt, Joyce Dolly Prelog Michael
Partridge, Leola A. Sorensen, Janes
Phelps, Betty J. Sutherland, Shaen
Tamura, Mary S.
VanCampen, Jersher G. B. S. Degree
Wallace, Mary J. Dickerson, Lottie G.
Gillin, Frank T.
B. S. Degree Littell, L. F.
Alexaader, Henry C. Pervis, Harold
Knight, Kenneth C. Stewart, Ervin
Knight, Wm. H. Thornton, George
McDonald; Carlos, W.
McDonald, Karl P. Medical Secretarial
Patterson, D. P. Wentworth, Mary Belle
Sorensen, James H.
Tsai, Samuel Attendant Nursing
Zeigler, Freda C. Brawn, Gwendyl
Campbell, James
X-Ray Certificate Gorin, Mildred
Talge, Gordon Mejia Inez
McDonald, Floyd Minnick, Ann
Patton, Maurice
Attendant Nursing Perkins, Cecil
Estelle, May Zeimmerman, Marguerite
Estelle, Thomas A.
Gilmore, H. 1950
Henderson, Mary E. Nr7s
Henderson, O. R. Baker, Carl
Brownlee, Elsie
1949 Burke, Betty
NTE-Tes Bursley, Audrey
Bailey, Lloyd Cline, Ralph
Bull, Lois Dunn Bertha

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 194

Durichek Goldie Attendant Nursing

Elliot, Louise Books, Grace
Gramyk, John Burson, Burnadine
Knapp, Henry Duran, Godfrey
Lowder, Dorothy Morris, Mollie
Martella, Violet R. Pletcher, Henry
Page, Eliose Pletcher, Thelma
Smith, Louise Robinson, Mae
Sprague, Jo Russ, Dollie
Stewart Violet Smith, Charles
Sutherland, Mavis Thomas, Irvin
Welch, Jones Joyce
Pace Course Diplomas
B. S.'Degree Blair, Wallace
Amundsen, Robert Higgins, Duane
Bailey, Ralph Jones, Dorothy
Baker, Carl Lowder, Worth
Bralliar, Ma Wentworth, Janes
Dick, Willis
Cline, Ralph Secretarial Certificate
Donesky, Paul Brandemihl, Leta
Everett, Joel
Gordon; Ernest Auto Mechanics Certificate
Gramyk, John Wilson, Norman
Johnson, Agnes
Knapp,' Henry 1951
Lowder; Worth B. S. Degree
Lowder, Jean Ahlberg, Clifford
May, Luther Barham, marl
Michailis, Bryan Everett, Lorraine
Perezl Herbert Felter, William
Schwab, William Johnson, Almon
Scott, Mary Charles Johnson, William
Thompson, Orivlle Leatherwood, Reavis
Tsao, Stephen Maltby, Sylvia
VanCampen, Jesher Oshiro, Alfred
Welch, Donald Palewicz, Helen
Pearson, Annie
XRay Certificate Peters, Clayton
Spady, Clayton Sego, Jeannette
Thornton, George Trussell, Kenneth
Tsao, George
Medical Technology VanDusen, Charles
Gordon; Ernest Wickham, Harry
Kinzer, Maxine
Stevens, Polly Nurses
Waggoner, Louise Bicknell, Bettie

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 195

Bondrankol Gilda Maintenance Engineering

Bondranko, Joe Kohler, Walter
Cheeversi,Larry Siewert, Everett
Cheevers, Lois
Foxt Dorothy Medical Technology
Hall, Giorai Leatherwood, Reavis
Hancock, James Palewicz, Helen
Iles, Doris Peters, Clayton
Jensen, Bernhard Rettig, Preston
Johnson, William
Jones, Bernice 1952
Jones, Darrell Nurses
Keimig, Leo Ashlock, Juanita
Knott, Cecil :Bishop, Joan
Lynd, Theresa Bishop, Ruth
Parker, Roland Bryant, Daisy
Riggenback, Phyllis Burg, Helen
Rudiaaile, Lila Burnside, Joyce
VanDusen, Charles Cary, Martha
Wentworth, Mary Dickman, Geraldine
Edwards, Jennie M.
Attendant Nursing Grover, Doris
Baron, Gerado Jennings, Betty J.
Carter, Maudie Mitzelfelt, Ramona S.
Christensen, Arna Register, June
Doherty, Dan Register, Lillian
Fiske, Christine Stewart, Velma
Hermilla, Juan Upton, Carl
Jackson, Elsie Wetmore, Thelma
LaVallee, Bernice Wiles, Retta
Phillips, Harold
Watts, Eula Medical Technology
Bedford, Henry
2-Year- 5ocretarial Riggenbach, Mervin
Klarent - Helen Spady Clayton
Townsend, Sue Wilson, Harlan

Pace Course [Link] Certificate

Brown, Lillian. Harrold, David
Hold, Harvey Karnatz, Ray
Kohler, Walter Vega, Jesus

2-Year Elementary Anesthesia

TTE; Anna Furber, Alice
Humphries, Frank
X-Ray Certificate Jensen, Bernard
Ostrander, Robert Jones, Darrell

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 196

Killion, David
Pride Forrest

2Year Elementary
Jarmillo, Adolfo

B. S. Degree
Allen, Dorothy
Baron, =Inez
Bedford, Henry
Brown, Harlan
Cheever, Larry
Cheever, Lois
Coolidge, Charlotte
Harrold, Elva
gensen, Marilyn
Pepper, Edna
Riggenback Mervin
Spady, Clayton
Tonsberg Clifford
Wang, Charles
"Wang, Duane
Weems, Sue
White, Charles
Wilson, Harlan
Wilson, Norman

Digitized by the Center for Adventist Research

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Deverall Richard L. G. "Life on the Madison Campus,"

Commonweal, January 6, 1938.
Graduation Program, 1927
Graduation Program, August 25-27, 1933.
Holman, Ross. L. "Utopia University," Mechanix Illustrated,
May, 1953.
Holy Bible, Deuteronomy 11:14-15.
Letter from Ellen G. White to A. G. Daniells, June 13, 1904.
Letter from Ellen G. White to the Southern Union Conference
Committee, February 24, 1907.
Letter from President Bruce R. Payne to Dr. E. A. Sutherland,
December 2, 1929.
Letter from P. P. Claxton to Dr. E. A. Sutherland, December 5, 1929.
Letter from President H. A. Morgan to Dr. E. A. Sutherland,
January 30, 1930.
Letter from President William J. Hutchins to Dr. E. A. Sutherland,
April 11, 1930.
Madison College, Bulletins: 1937-1938; 1938-1939; 1939-1940;
1940-1941; 1945-1946; 1952-1953.
Madison Survey. The Nashville Agricultural and Normal
Institute, Madison, Tennessee: The Rural Press, for the
following dates:
June 25, 1919 to August 13, 1919; January 7, 1920, to
October 6, 1920; January 12, 1921, to December 1, 1921;
January 18, 1922, to November 1, 1922; May 16, 1923, to
June 6, 1923; Calendar 1923-1924; 'April 9, 1924, to
October 29, 1924; January 1, 1925; Calendar 1925-1926;
April 7, 1926, to December 22, 1926; January 12, 1927,
to November 30, 1927; Calendar 1927-1928; February 8, 1928;
January 23, 1929, to August 21, 1929; January 1, 1930 to

197

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September 17, 1930; February 18, 1931, to November 25, 1931;

January 27, 1932, to December 21, 1932; March 22, 1933, to
April 26, 1933; January 3, 1934, to November 28, 1934;
June 5, 1935; January 15, 1936, to May 6, 1936; dune 24, 1936,
to December 7, 1936; January 20, 1937, to March 3, 1937;
February 23, 1938, to October 19, 1938; June 7, 1939, to
July 12, 1939; January 3, 1940, to August 21, 1940; December
104 1941; July 8; 1942; July 7, 1943, to October 6, 1943;
July 15, 1946, to September 15, 1946; March 309 1947, to
December 1, 1947; January 15, 1948; and November, 1952.

Magan, Percy T. "Inception and Development," The Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, Mountain View, California:

Melick Weldon. "Self-Supporting College," Reader's Digest,

May, 1938.

Minutes of the third meeting of the owners of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, February 5, 1905.

Minutes of the meeting of the Nashville Agricultural and

Normal Institute held at the tent, on the corner of
Meridian and Grace Streets, Nashville, Tennessee, June 3, 1906.

Minutes of an informal meeting of the Board of Trustees of

the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, June 30, 1908.

Minute's of a special committee appointed by the Board of

Trustees of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal
Institute, June, 1908.

Minutes of the meeting of the Patrons, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 8, 1908.

Minutes of the Board of Managers, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 24, 1908.

Minutes of the meeting of the Nashville Agricultural and

Normal Institute Corporation, November 29, 1912.

Minutes of the meeting of the Patrons, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, November 29, 1912.
Minutes of the meeting of the Patrons of the Nashville
Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 12, 1914.

Minutes of the meeting of the corporation, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institutej October 13, 1914.

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Minutes of an informal meeting of the Board of Trustees of

The Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, June 30, 1908.

Minutes of a special committee apeointed by the Board of

Trustees of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal
Institute, June, 1908.

Minutes of the meeting of the Patrons, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 8, 1908.

Minutes of the Board of Managers, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 24, 1908.

Minutes of the meeting of the Nashville Agricultural and

Normal Institute Corporation, November 29, 1912.

Minutes of the meeting of the Patrons, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, November 29, 1912.

Minutes of the meeting of the Patrons; of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 12, 1914.

Minutes of the meeting of the corporation, of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 13, 1914.

Minutes of the conference of Rural School Workers, held at

Madison, Tennessee, 9:00 a.m., October 3, 1917.

Minutes of the Board of Managers of the Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute, May 20, 1918.

Minutes of the Board of Managers, of the Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute, January 14, 1919.

Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Managers, of the

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, August 7, 1921.
Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Managers; of the
Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, February 24, 1924.

Minutes of the first quarterly meeting of the Board of

Managers, of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute,
April 1, 1924.

Minutes of the meeting of the constituents (Incorporators),

of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute,
January 11, 1928.

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Minutes of the conference of Rural School Workers, held at

Madison, Tennessee, 9:00 a.m., October 3, 1917.

Minutes of the Board of Managers, of the Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute, May 20, 1918.

Minutes of the Board of Managers, of the Nashville Agricultural

and Normal Institute, January 114, 1919.

Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Managers, of the

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, August 7, 1921.

Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Managers, of the

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, February 214, 1924.

Minutes of the first quarterly meeting of the Board of

Managers, of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute,
April 1, 1924.

Minutes of the meeting of the constituents, (Incorporators),

of the Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute,
January 11, 1928.

Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Directors, of the

Rural'Educational Association, March 1, 1939.

Nashville Banner, June 22, 1930.

Nation's Commerce, September 15, 1934.

Newsweek, April 6, 1942, p. 21.

Portland Herald)March 9, 1928.

President's Report to the Nashville Agricultural and Normal

Institute Corporation, November 29, 1912.

President's Report to the Board of Managers, of the

Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, October 30,
1917.

President's Report to the Constituency of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, December 6, 1916.

Roosevelt, Mrs. Franklin D. Ny Day (Syndicated Newspaper

Column), October 6, 1938.

Self-Help Colleges,. from Bulletin 1938, No. 9, entitled,

"College Prjects for Aiding Students," by the United
States Department of Interior, Office of Education,
Washington, D. C.: United States Printing Office.

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Spalding, A. W. The Men of the Mountains. Nashville,

Tennessee: Southern Publishing Association, 1915.

St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 7, 1938.

Sutherland, Edward A. A New Type of Community School for

the South Atlantic Highlands, Madison, Tennessee: Rural
School Press, 1917.

Sutherland, Edward A. "In Recognition of Practical Education,"

The Rural Schools of the South, Nashville, Tennessee:
Southern Publishing Association, 1917.

Sutherland, Edward A. "Practical Workings," The Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, Mountain View
California: Pacific Press Publishing Company, 1908.

Sutherland, Edward A. The Study Plan of the Nashville

Agricultural and Normal Institute, Madison Tennessee: The
Rural Press.

The Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute and the

Rural Sanitarium (The School Handbook), 1908.

The Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute and the

Rural Sanitarium. A Handbook. Nashville, Tennessee:
Southern Publishing Association, (1912 approximately).

The Nashville Agricultural and Normal Institute, Bulletins:

1909-1010; 1920-1921; 1929-1930; 1930-1931; 1931-1932;
1932-1933; 1933-1934; 1934-1935; 1935-1936; 1936-1937.
White, Ellen G. Testimonies for the Church. Mountain View,
California: Pacific Press 1900.
White, Ellen G.- Education, Mountain View, California: Pacific
Press Publishing Association, 1903.

White, Ellen G. Special Testimonies, Series B, NO 11,

The Madison School, Mountain View, California: Pacific
Press Publishing Company, 1908.

White Ellen G. An Appeal for the Madison School Max 25 1908

room. 41.6. V

Madison, Tennessee: Rural School Press.

White, Ellen G. Words of Encouragement to Self-Supporting

Workers, Madison, Tennessee: Madison College Press, 1941.

White, Ellen G. Special Testimonies, Series B, No., 11,

The Madison School, Madison College, Tennessee: Madison
College Press, 1946.

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