ECS 426
STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LABORATORY REPORT
TITLE : SQUARE PORTAL FRAME
DATE OF SUBMIT : 30/3/2017
GROUP : EC220-2D(1)
LECTURERS NAME : DR.ROHANA HASSAN
GROUP MEMBERS :
MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS B IN ABDUL AZIZ 2016209174
AMEERA RASHIDA BT TUKEMEN 2016209094
FATIN NURIZZATI BT MOHAMAD ANUAR 2016209194
AIN FATIN NAJIHAH BT AKMAT 2016209172
NURUL NABILA BT MOHD KHUZIL 2016209186
INTRODUCTION
The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities will not be able to provide the
avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and inculcate creativity and
innovation. Level 0 is fully prescriptive where problem, ways and means and answers are
provided to the students. However it still necessary especially to first and second year
students.
This chapter provides a short discussion on performing a traditional laboratory to determine a
horizontal and vertical deflection of portal frame. The objective can be accomplished by
performing several activities on a prototype portal frame available at any light structure
laboratory. Students involvement with the task required in the experimental works would be
sufficient to access the student ability to designs, conduct, analyse, interpret data and to act
effectively as an individual together with leadership capabilities.
OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the horizontal deflection of a portal frame and/or
2. To determine the vertical deflection of a portal frame.
THEORETICAL
The equations for the horizontal reaction at the pinned support A of a portal frame are given
below:
L
= -
Where:
= Wa1 ( a - 3 ) / 2EI
= 1 2 ( 21 + 33 ) / 3EI
Second moment of area,
b3
I = 12
(25) 103
= 12
= 2083.33
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 103 2
Therefore,
300( 300640 )
300
2 200 103 2083.33
= -W [ 3002 ( 2 300+3 640 )
]
3 200 103 2083.33
= -W (- 0.202381)
= 0.202381 W
Note : 0.202381 is the slope of theoretical
PROCEDURE
1. Place the load hanger at the position where the load is to be applied.
2. Check to make sure that the roller support is correctly positioned.
3. Zero the dial gauge reading.
4. Apply a load to the load hanger at suitable increment.
5. For each load increment observe the dial gauge reading at the roller support. Place loads on
the load hanger at the roller support so that the reading of the dial gauge is once again zero.
Record this load. It represents the horizontal force at this support, if it is in a pinned
condition, due to the applied load.
APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT:
(i) Prototype portal frame
(ii) dial gauges
(iii) set of loads
(iv) vernier scale
(v) ruler
RESULT
Width of member = 25mm
Thickness of member = 10mm
Second moment of area = 2083.33mm^4
Dial gauge reading, 1 div = 0.01mm
= = = 2083.33
Load case 1
Load, 1 Horizontal displacement of roller
Experimental Theoretical
N Div mm mm
1 -0.1 0.0 0.20
2 -0.2 0.0 0.40
3 -0.2 0.0 0.40
4 -0.3 0.0 0.06
5 -0.4 0.0 0.81
6 -0.5 0.0 0.10
Load case 2
Load, 1 Vertical displacement of roller
Experimental Theoretical
N Div mm mm
1 0.5 0.11 0.20
2 0.9 0.28 0.40
3 1.4 0.34 0.40
4 1.8 0.45 0.06
5 2.2 0.57 0.81
6 2.7 0.69 0.10
Load case 3
Load, 1 Horizontal - Vertical displacement of roller
Experimental Theoretical
N Div mm mm
2 0.4 0.11 0.40
4 0.7 0.21 0.81
6 1.1 0.34 1.21
8 1.5 0.46 1.62
10 1.9 0.58 2.02
12 2.3 0.69 2.43
Table 4
Load Horizontal Displacement Of Roller
W1+W2 Experimental
N Case 1+Case 2 Case 3
mm mm
2 0.400 0.004
4 0.700 0.007
6 1.200 0.011
8 1.500 0.015
10 1.800 0.019
12 2.200 0.023
CONCLUSION
Based on the experiment that we have conduct which is experiment of square portal frame,
we can obtained the relationship between applied load and the resulting horizontal
displacement from the graph. When the applied load increase, thus the horizontal
displacement will also increase. The result of this experiment that we get is less accurate
compare to the theoretical value. The reasons is maybe because of some error during the
experiment. There are some factors that affect the results of the experiment which is the
random error or systematic error.
REFERENCES
1. Lab manual of structural and materials, iLearn, Uitm Student Portal.
2. A Kurzenhauser, Analysis of Portal Frame under Horizontal Impact 1961:
www.calhoun.nps.edu
3. KE Knudsen, Portal Frame Test, 1952 : www.preserve.lehigh.edu
