Chapter 1 Answers

Exercise 1A Exercise 1F
1 7x  y 2 10t  2r 1 a x5 b x2 c x4
3 8m  n  7p 4 3a  2ac  4ab d x3 1 e x5 f 12x0  12
5 6 x2 6 2m2n  3mn2 g

3x 2 h 5x i 6x1
7 2 x2  6 x  8 8 9 x2  2 x  1
2 a 5 b 9 c 3 d 116
9 6x2  12x  10 10 10c2d  8cd2
e 13 f 1 g 1 h 6
11 8x2  3x  13 12 a2b  2a 125
125
9 5
13 3x2  14x  19 14 8x2  9x  13 i  64 j 
4 k 
6 l 6449
15 a 4 b  14c 16 9d2  2c
17 20  6x 18 13  r2
Exercise 1G
1 27 2 
62 3 52
Exercise 1B 4 42 5 
310 6 3

1 x7 2 6 x5 3 2p2 7 3
 8 
65 9 72
4 3x2 5 k5 6 y10 10 127  11 37 12 95
7 5 x8 8 p2 9 2a3
13 235  14 2 15 193 
10 2p7 11 6a9 12 3a2b2
13 27x8 14 24x11 15 63a12
16 32y6 17 4a6 18 6a12
Exercise 1H
5 1 1
1  2 
Exercise 1C 5 11
1 9x  18 2 x2  9 x 2 5
3  4 
3 12y  9y2 4 xy  5x 2 5
5 3x2  5x 6 20x2  5x 5 1

2 6 1

4
7 4 x2  5 x 8 15y  6y3
13
9 10x2  8x 10 3 x3  5 x2 7  8 1
3
11 4x  1 12 2x  4 13
13 3 x3  2 x2  5 x 14 14y2  35y3  21y4 1  3 2  5

9  10 
15 10y2  14y3  6y4 16 4x  10 2 1
17 11x  6 18 7 x2  3 x  7 3  7
11  12 3  5

19 2x2  26x 20 9x3  23x2 2
5  3 (3  2
)(4  5
)
13  14 
2 11
Exercise 1D 5(2  5 )
1 4(x  2) 2 6(x  4) 15  16 5(4  14
)
1
3 5(4x  3) 4 2(x2  2)
11(3  11) 5  21

5 4(x2  5) 6 6x(x  3) 17  18 
7 x(x  7) 8 2x(x  2) 2 2
9 x(3x  1) 10 2x(3x  1) 14  187
 35  1189

19  20 
11 5y(2y  1) 12 7x(5x  4) 3 6
13 x(x  2) 14 y(3y  2) 21 1
15 4x(x  3) 16 5y(y  4)
17 3xy(3y  4x) 18 2ab(3  b)
19 5x(x  5y) 20 4xy(3x  2y) Mixed exercise 1I
21 5y(3  4z2) 22 6(2x2  5) 1 a y8 b 6 x7 c 32x d 12b9
23 xy(y  x) 24 4y(3y  x) 2 a 15y  12 b 15x  25x  10x4
2 3

c 16x2  13x d 9 x3  3 x2  4 x
3 a x(3x  4) b 2y(2y  5)
Exercise 1E c x(x  y  y2) d 2xy(4y  5x)
1 x(x  4) 2 2x(x  3) 4 a (x  1)(x  2) b 3x(x  2)
3 (x  8)(x  3) 4 (x  6)(x  2) c (x  7)(x  5) d (2x  3)(x  1)
5 (x  8)(x  5) 6 (x  6)(x  2) e (5x  2)(x  3) f (1  x)(6  x) 1
7 (x  2)(x  3) 8 (x  6)(x  4) 5 a 3 x6 b 2 c 6 x2

d 12 x 3
9 (x  5)(x  2) 10 (x  5)(x  4) 6 a 4

9 b 3 37
5
4913
11 (2x  1)(x  2) 12 (3x  2)(x  4)
7
13 (5x  1)(x  3) 14 2(3x  2)(x  2) 7 a  
b 45
15 (2x  3)(x  5) 16 2(x2  3)(x2  4) 7
17 (x  2)(x  2) 18 (x  7)(x  7) 3
8 a  b 2
1
19 (2x  5)(2x  5) 20 (3x  5y)(3x  5y) 3
21 4(3x  1)(3x  1) 22 2(x  5)(x  5) 30  851

c 33
6 d 
23 2(3x  2)(x  1) 24 3(5x  1)(x  3) 7
Chapter 2 Answers
Exercise 2A 5
y
1 y 28
14
24
12
20
10
16
8
12
6
8
4
4
2
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x x1
2
4
x0

2 y
22 6 y
18 30
14
10 20
6
2 10

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
x0 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x

10
x  112
3 y
8
6
4
2
7 y
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
40
x0

30

4 y 20

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
4 10
8
12
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
16
10
x0 x   34
 Chapter 2 Answers

3 29  3
8
y 5 x     6 x  1  2

2 2 2
20 1 1  29
7 x     8 No real roots
8 8
3 39 4 26 
15 9 x     10 x    
2 2 5 5

10
Exercise 2E
3  5

5 1 , 0.38 or 2.62
2
3  17

2 , 0.56 or 3.56
2
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
3 3  3
, 1.27 or 4.73
5
5  33

4 , 5.37 or 0.37
2
x  1
5  31
5 , 3.52 or 0.19
9 y 3
80 1  2
6 , 1.21 or 0.21
2
70
9  53
60 7 , 0.12 or 1.16
14
50 2  19
8 , 0.47 or 1.27
40 5
1
30 9 2 or  
4
20 1  78
10 , 0.71 or 0.89
10 11

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1 Exercise 2F
x 2
1 a y
Exercise 2B
1 x  0 or x  4 2 x  0 or x  25 (0, 2)
3 x  0 or x  2 4 x  0 or x  6
5 x  1 or x  2 6 x  1 or x  4
7 x  5 or x  2 8 x  3 or x  2 (2, 0) x
9 x  3 or x  5 10 x  4 or x  5 (1, 0) 0
11 x  6 or x  1 12 x  6 or x  2
13 x  12 or x  3 14 x  13 or x  32
b y
15 x  23 or x  32 16 x  32 or x  52
17 x  13 or x  2 18 x  3 or x  0
19 x  13 or x  1 20 x  2 or x  2


5
21 x    22 x  3  13
 (0, 10)
3
1  11 
23 x   24 x  1 or x  76
3
25 x  12 or x  73 26 x  0 or x  161 0 x

Exercise 2C
1 (x  2)2  4 2 (x  3)2  9 c y
3 (x  8)2  64 4 (x  12)2  14
5 (x  7)2  49 6 2(x  4)2  32
7 3(x  4)2  48 8 2(x  1)2  2
9 5(x  2)2  20 10 2(x  54)2  285
11 3(x  32)2  247 12 3(x  16)2  112
(5, 0) 0 (3, 0) x
Exercise 2D
1 x  3  22 2 x  6  33

(0, 15)
3 x  5  30
 4 x  2  6

 Chapter 2 Answers

d y j y

(0, 4)
(0, 3) (4, 0) (12 , 0)
(3, 0) 0
( 12 , 0) x 0 x

e y 2 4

3 4
( 32 , 0) (1, 0)
0 x
Mixed exercise 2G
1 a
(0, 3) y
20
16
f y 12
8
4
(0, 10)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 x
0 4
( 23 , 0) ( 52 , 0) x x  3
b
y
12
g y 8
4
(1, 0) 0 ( 5 , 0) x
3
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
4
8
(0, 5) 12
x  34

h 2 a y  1 or 2 b x  23 or 5
y
5  7

c x  15 or 3 d 
2
5  17

3 a , 0.44 or 4.56
(0, 0) 0 ( 13, 0) x 2
3
b 2  7
, 4.65 or 0.65

3  29

c , 0.24 or 0.84
10
5  73

i y d , 2.25 or 0.59
6

4 a y
(0, 7)

(0, 4)
(1, 0) (7, 0)
0 x (1, 0)
(4, 0) 0 x
 Chapter 2 Answers

b y d y

(1, 0)
( 32 , 0) 0 x
(0, 0)
0 (7 12 , 0) x
(0, 3)

c y
5 a p  3, q  2, r  7

3
7
(0, 6) b 2 

(3, 0) ( 12 , 0) 6 1  13

0 x
7 x  5 or x  4
Chapter 3 Answers
Exercise 3A Mixed exercise 3F
1 x  4, y  2 2 x  1, y  3 1 x  4, y  312
3 x  2, y  2 4 x  412, y  3 2 (3, 1) and (215, 135)
5 x  23, y  2 6 x  3, y  3 3 b x  4, y  3 and x  223, y  13
4 x  112, y  214 and x  4, y  12
5 a x  1012 b x  2, x  7
Exercise 3B 6 3x4
1 x  5, y  2 2 x  512, y  6 7 a x  5, x  4 b x  5, x  4
3 x  1, y  4 4 x  134, y  14 8 a x  212
b 12  x  5
c 12  x  212
Exercise 3C 9 k 315
1 a x  5, y  6 or x  6, y  5 10 x  0, x  1
b x  0, y  1 or x  45, y  35 11 a 1
13  b x  1  13
, x  1  13

c x  1, y  3 or x  1, y  3 12 a x  4, x  9 b y  3, y  3
d x  412, y  412 or x  6, y  3 13 a 2x  2(x  5)  32 b x(x 5)  104
e a  1, b  5 or a  3, b  1 c 1012  x  13
f u  112, v  4 or u  2, v  3
2 (11, 15) and (3, 1)
3 (116, 412) and (2, 5)
4 a x  112, y  534 or x  3, y  1
b x  3, y  12 or x  613, y  256
5 a x  3  13 , y  3  13  or x  3  13
,
y  3  13 
b x  2  35 , y  3  25  or x  2  35
,
y  3  25 

Exercise 3D
1 a x4 b x7 c x  212
d x 3 e x  11 f x  235
g x  12 h x1 i x 8
j x  117
2 a x3 b x1 c x 314
d x  18 e x3 f x  425
g x4 h x  7 i x 12
j x  34
3 a x  212 b 2x4 c 212  x  3
d No values e x4

Exercise 3E
1 a 3x8 b 4  x  3
c x  2, x  5 d x 4, x  3
e 12  x  7 f x  2, x  212
1 1
g 2 x 12
  h x  13, x  2
i 3  x  3 j x  212, x  23
k x  0, x  5 l 112 x 0
2 a 5  x  2 b x  1, x  1
1
c   x  1
2 d 3  x  14
3 a 2x4 b x3
c 14  x  0 d No values
e 5  x  3, x  4 f 1  x  1, 2  x  3
4 a 2  k  6 b 8  p  0
Chapter 4 Answers
Exercise 4A h y
1 a y

1 0 1 x
6

1 0 2 3 x i y

2
b y
12 0 1 2 x
2

3 2 0 1 x
j y
6

c y
0 1 x
6 3 2

3 2 1 0 x
2 a y

d y 1 0 1 x
3
1
3 1 0 1 x

b y

e y
2
24

2 0 1 x
0 2 3 4 x

c y
f y
2

1 0 2 x
1 0 2 x

d y
g y

1 0 1 x 1
0 2 x
2
 Chapter 4 Answers

e y b y  x(x  4)(x  1)
y

2 0 x
4 1 0 x

f y c y  x(x  1)2
y

0 1 x
1 0 x

g y
d y  x(x  1)(3  x)
y
3
3 0 1 x

1 0 3 x

h y e y  x2(x  1)
y
3

0 1 3 x
0 1 x

i y f y  x(1  x)(1  x)
y

0 2 x

1 0 1 x

j y g y  3x(2x  1)(2x  1)
y

0 2 x
0 x
 12 1
2

3 a y  x(x  2)(x  1)
h y  x(x  1)(x  2)
y y

2 0 1 x 0 x
1 2
 Chapter 4 Answers

i y  x(x  3)(x  3) e y
y

0 x
0 x
3 3

j y  x2(x  9) 2 a y
y

27

0 x
9
3 0 x

Exercise 4B
1 a y
b y

0
x

0 3
x

27
b y

c y

0 x
1

0 1
x

c y
d y

0 x 8

0 2
x

d y e y

1
8
0 x 0 x
1
2
 Chapter 4 Answers

Exercise 4C Exercise 4D
1 y 1 a i y
y  x2
4
y x

0 x x
2
1 0 1
y x

y  x(x2  1)
2 y
ii 3 iii x2  x(x2  1)

y  x2 b i y
y  x(x  2)
0 x

y   x2 x
2 0
3
y  x
3 y

3
y   x2 ii 1 iii x(x  2)  
x
c i
y
y  x2
0 x

y   x4 y  (x  1)(x  1)2

1 0 1 x
4 y

y  x8 ii 3 iii x2  (x  1)(x  1)2

d i y
0 x
y  x2 (1  x)
y  x3

0 1 x
5 y 2
y x

2
y   x3 ii 2 iii x2(1  x)  
x
0 x
e i y

y   x8

0 4 x

1
y x y  x(x  4)

1
ii 1 iii x(x  4)  
x
 Chapter 4 Answers

f i y 2 a y
y  x2(x  4)
y  x(x  4)

0 x
0 4 x

y  x(4  x)
y   x1
b (0, 0); (4, 0); (1, 5)
1
ii 3 iii x(x  4)   3 a
x y
g i y
y  (x  2)3 1
2.5 0 x

2
y  x(1  x)3
0 4 x
y  x(2x  5)
y  x(x  4)
b (0, 0); (2, 18); (2, 2)
ii 1 iii x(x  4)  (x  2) 3
4 a y
h i y

y  (x  1)(x  1)
y  x2 y  (x  1)3

0 x
1 0 1 x

y  x3

2
ii 2 iii x3   b (0, 1); (1, 0); (3, 8)
x
i i y 5 a y
y x2 y  x2

0 x 0 x
27
y x
y  x3

ii 2 iii x3  x2
b (3, 9)
j i y
6 a y

y  x(x  2) y  x2  2x

0 x 0 2 3 x
2

y  x3 y  x(x  2)(x  3)

ii 3 iii x3  x(x  2) b (0, 0); (2, 0); (4, 8)

 Chapter 4 Answers

7 a 12 a y
y
y  x2
y  14x  2
y  x2(x  3)

0 3 x
y  (x2  1)(x  2)
2

1 0 1 2 x
b Only 2 intersections

8 a y b (0, 2); (3, 40); (5, 72)

y  3x(x  1)

13 a y
1 0 1 x
y  (x  2)(x  2)2

y  (x  1)3 2 0 2 x

y   x2  8
b Only 1 intersection

9 a y
y 1 b (0, 8); (1, 9); (4, 24)
x

0 1 x Exercise 4E
1 a i y ii y iii y

y  x(x  1)2

0 x 0 x 0 x
b Graphs do not intersect.

(2, 0), (0, 4)

10 a y (2, 0), (0, 8) (0, 12 ), x 2
y  x(x  2)2

b i y ii y iii y
 12 01 2 x
2

y  1  4x2 0 x 0 x
0 x
(0, 2)
(3 2, 0), (0, 2)
b 1, since graphs only cross once
( 12 , 0), y  2
11 a y
y  6x
c i y ii y iii y

1 0 4 x
0 x 0 x 0 x
y  x3  3x2  4x (0, 1), (1, 0)

(0, 1), (1, 0) (0, 1), x  1

b (0, 0); (2, 12); (5, 30)
 Chapter 4 Answers

d i y ii y iii y b
y

0 0 x 0 x
x 1 0 x
y  f(x  1)
(1, 0),
(0, 1),
(1, 0) (0, 1), (1, 0)
(1, 0), y  1 c f(x  1)  x(x  1)2; (0, 0)

e i y ii y iii y
4 a y y  f(x)

0 x
0 x
0 x
0 2 x
( 3, 0),
(0, 3), (0, 3),
( 3, 0) (3 3, 0) ( 13 , 0), y  3
b y
f i y ii y iii y

2 y  f(x)  2
0 x 2 0 2 x
0 x
0 x y  f(x  2)
(0, 9), (3, 0)
(0,  13 ), x  3
(0, 27), (3, 0) c f(x  2)  (x  2)x2; (0, 0); (2, 0)

2 a y y  f(x)
5 a y y  f(x)

2 0 1 x
2
0 4 x
b i y
y  f(x  2)
b y
4
y  f(x)  4

4 1 0 x
4

ii y 0 x
2 2
y  f(x)  2 y  f(x  2)
4

1 0 x
c f(x  2)  (x  2)(x  2); (2, 0); (2, 0)
f(x)  4  (x  2)2; (2, 0)

c f(x  2)  (x  1)(x  4); (0, 4)

f(x)  2  (x  1)(x  2)  2; (0, 0)

3 a y Exercise 4F
1 a i y f(2x) ii y f(2x) iii y
y  f(x) f(x)
f(x) f(x)
0 1 x 0 x
0 x 0
x
f(2x)
 Chapter 4 Answers

b i y ii y iii y j f(x)
i y ii y iii y
f(x)
f(x) f(x) f(x)

0 x 0 x x 0 x
0 x x 0 1
0 f(x) 1
f(x)  f(x) f(x) 1
f(x)
4
4
f(x)
4
f(x)

c i y f(x) ii y f(x) iii y

f(12 x) 2 a y  f(x)
y

0 x 0 x
0 x f(12 x) 0 x
f(12 x) f(x) 2 2

4
i y f(4x) ii y iii y
d
f(x) f(x) b y y  f(4x) y
f(x) y  3f(x)
0 x 0 x
0 x f(4x)
0 x
 12 1
2
2 0 2 x
f(4x) 4

i y f(x) ii y f(x) iii y

e f( 14 x)
12

x x y y
0 0
0 x f(x) y  f(x)
f( 14 x) 4 y  f(x)
f( 14 x)

2 0 2 x 2 0 2 x
i y 2f(x) ii y f(x) iii y
f 2f(x)
4
f(x)
0 x 0 x
0 x f(x) F a y y  f(x)
2f(x)

g i y ii y iii y
f(x)
2 0 2 x
f(x)
f(x)

0 x 0 x
0 x
f(x)
b y y
f(x) y  f(12 x) y  f(2x)
f(x)

h
i y ii y iii y 0 x 0 x
4f(x) 4 4 1 1
f(x) f(x)
0 x 0 x
4f(x) 0 x f(x)
4f(x)
y
i i y ii y iii y
f(x) f(x)

2
0
2 x
0 x 0 x
0 x 1
f(x) 1
1
f(x)
2
2
f(x)
2
f(x) y  f(x)
 Chapter 4 Answers

4 a b y
y y  f(x)
(4, 0)
0 x
0 3 x (0, 2)
(6, 4)
(1, 4)

c y
b y y  f(2x) y
(0, 4)

0 (4, 2)
x (2, 0)
3
2
(3, 0) 0 x
0 3 x
d y
y  f(x)
(2, 4)
y (0, 2)
(3, 0)
0
( 12 , 0)
x

3 0 x
e y
(4, 12)
y  f(x)

(0, 6)
5 a y (6, 0)
y  f(x) 0 (1, 0) x

f y
0 x (8, 4)
2 1 2
(0, 2)

b 0 (2, 0) (12, 0) x
y y  f(2x)
g y

(4, 2)
1 0 1 1 x
2 (0, 1) (6, 0)
0 (1, 0) x

y
h y
y  f(12 x) (4, 4)

(0, 2)
4 0 2 4 x
(6, 0) (1, 0) 0 x

2 a y  4, x  1, (0, 2)
y
Exercise 4G
1 a y y4
(3, 4)
2
(1, 2) 0 x
1
(0, 0) 0 (5, 0) x
 Chapter 4 Answers

b y  2, x  0, (1, 0) h y  2, x  1, (0, 0)

y y

y2 0 1 x

0 x y  2
1

3 a A(2, 6), B(0, 0), C(2, 3), D(6, 0)

c y  4, x  1, (0, 0)
y
y

0 (2, 3) 6 x
y4

(2, 6)
0 1 x
b A(4, 0), B(2, 6), C(0, 3), D(4, 6)
y
(2, 6)
(4, 6)
d y  0, x  1, (0, 2)
y 3

4 0 x
0 1 x c A(2, 6), B(1, 0), C(0, 3), D(2, 0)
y
2

1
e y  2, x  12, (0, 0) 0 2 x
y 3
(2, 6)
y2 d A(8, 6), B(6, 0), C(4, 3), D(0, 0)
y

0 1 x
2 6
0 x
(4, 3)

f y  2, x  2, (0, 0) (8, 6)

y e A(4, 3), B(2, 3), C(0, 0), D(4, 3)

y
(2, 3)
(4, 3)
y2
0 x
(4, 3)
0 2 x

f A(4, 18), B(2, 0), C(0, 9), D(4, 0)

y
g y  1, x  1, (0, 0)
2
y
0 4 x

y1
9
0 1 x

(4, 18)
 Chapter 4 Answers

g A(4, 2), B(2, 0), C(0, 1), D(4, 0) iii x  0, y  0

y y
2
0 4 x
1
(4, 2)

0 x

h A(16, 6), B(8, 0), C(0, 3), D(16, 0)

y
8 iv x  2, y  1, (0, 0)
0 16 x
y
3

(16, 6)
2
0 x
i A(4, 6), B(2, 0), C(0, 3), D(4, 0) y  1
y
(4, 6)

3
v x  2, y  0, (0, 1)
2 0 4 x
y

j A(4, 6), B(2, 0), C(0, 3), D(4, 0)

y 1
0 2 x
4 0 2 x
3
(4, 6)
vi x  2, y  0, (0, 1)

y
4 a i x  2, y  0, (0, 2)
y

2 0 x
2 1

2 0 x

2
b f(x)  
x2

ii x  1, y  0, (0, 1) Mixed exercise 4H

y 1 a
y y  x2(x  2)

1 x
0 2
1 0 x

2x  x2
b x  0, 1, 2; points (0, 0), (2, 0), (1, 3)
 Chapter 4 Answers

2 a y 4 a x  1 at A, x  3 at B

y1x 5 a y
B
y  f(x  1)
1 y  x6
0 x
A (5, 0)
y  x2  2x  5 0 (0, 0) x

b A(3, 2) B(2, 3) b y

c y  x2  2 x  5

3 a (4, 0)
y
A( 32 , 4) (1, 0) 0 x
y2
(0, 3)

B(0, 0) 0 x
6 a y
b y
A(3, 2)
y1
(0, 0) 0 x
0 B(0, 0) x (2, 0) (2, 0)

b y
c y
A(3, 2)
(0, 0)
0 (2, 0) x
0 x
B(0, 2)
y  0 is asymptote
7 a f  1 y  x2  4 x  3
d y b i y
A(0, 4)

y2 (1, 0) 0 (1, 0) x

(0, 1)
B(3, 0) 0 x
ii y
e y
A(6, 4)

y2 ( 32 , 0)
( 12 , 0) 0 x
0 B(3, 0) x
(1, 1)
f y
A(3, 5)
y3

B(0, 1)
0 x
Review Exercise 1 Answers
1 a x(2x  1)(x  7) 22 a Different real roots, determinant > 0, so
b (3x  4)(3x  4) k2  4k  12 > 0
c (x  1)(x  1)(x2  8) b k < 2 or k > 6
2 a 9 b 27 c 1
27 23 0 < k < 89
3 a 2 b 14 24 a p2  8p  20 > 0
2
 b p < 2 or p > 10
4 a 625 b 43 x 3
)
(3 13
5 a 45  b 21  8 5  c x  
6 a 13 b 8  2 3  2
7 a 63  b 7  4 3  25 a x(x  2)(x  2)
8 a 567  b 10  13 7  c 16  6 7

b y
9 a x   8 or x  9
b x  0 or x  72
c x  32 or x  35
10 a x  2.17 or 7.83
b x  2.69 or x  0.186
2 0 2 x
c x  2.82 or x  0.177
11 a a  4, b  45 b x  4  35

12 a (x  3)2  9
b P is (0, 18), Q is (3, 9)
c x  3  4 2  c y
13 k  6, x  1 (same root)
14 a a  5, b  11
b discriminant < 0 so no real roots
c k  25
d y 1 0 1 3 x

25 26 a
y

5 0 x (3, 2)
15 a a  1, b  2
b y
0 2 4 x

3
(2, 0) (4, 0) and (3, 2)
0 x
b y
c discriminant  8
d 23  k < 23 
16 y  4, x  2 or y  2, x  4
17 a x2  4 x  8  0
b x  2  23 , y  6  23

18 x  2, y  1 or x  13, y  137 0 1 2 x
19 a x > 14
b x < 12 or x > 3 (1 12 , 2)
c 14 < x < 12 or x > 3
20 a 0<x<6
b x < 4 or x > 53 (1, 0) (2, 0) and (112, 2)
21 a x  72, y  2, x  3, y  11
b x < 3 or x > 312 27 a
 Review Exercise 1 Answers

y 30 a y

0 3 x 2 3 4 x
0

(0, 0) and (3, 0) (2, 0), (0, 0) and (4, 0)

(0, 0) and (3, 0)
b y b (0, 0),
), 10  35
(12(1  35 ),
), 10  35
(12(1  35 )

0 1 4 x

(1, 0) (4, 0) and (0, 6)

c y

3
0 2 8 x

(2, 0) (8, 0) and (0. 3)

28 a y

0 x

Asymptotes: y  3 and x  0
b (13, 0)
29 a f(x)  x(x2  8x  15)
b f(x)  x(x  3)(x  5)
c y

0 3 5 x

(0, 0), (3, 0) and (5, 0)

Chapter 5 Answers
Exercise 5A 2 (3, 0)
1
1 a 2 b 1 c 3 d 
3
3 (0, 1)
e 23 f 5

4 g 1

2 h 2 4 (0, 312)
i 1
 j 1
 k 2 l 32 5 y  45 x  4
2 2

2 a 4 b 5 c 23 d 0
6 xy50
7 7 y   38 x  12
e 
5 f 2 g 2 h 2
3 8 y  4x  13
i 9 j 3 k  l 12
2
9 y  x  2, y  16 x  13, y  6x  23
3 a 4x  y  3  0 b 3x  y  2  0
10 (3, 1)
c 6xy70 d 4x  5y  30  0
e 5x  3y  6  0 f 7 x  3y  0
g 14x  7y  4  0 h 27x  9y  2  0
Exercise 5E
1 a Perpendicular b Parallel
i 18x  3y  2  0 j 2x  6y  3  0 c Neither d Perpendicular
k 4x  6y  5  0 l 6x  10y  5  0 e Perpendicular f Parallel
4 y  5x  3 g Parallel h Perpendicular
5 2x  5y  20  0 i Perpendicular j Parallel
6 y  12 x  7 k Neither l Perpendicular
7 y  23 x 2 y  13 x
3 4x  y  15  0
8 (3, 0)
4 a y  2x  12 b y  12 x
9 (53, 0)
c y  x  3 d y  12 x  8
10 (0, 5), (4, 0)
5 a y  3x  11 b y  13 x  133
Exercise 5B c y  23 x  2 d y  32 x  127
1 a 12 b 16 c 35 d 2 6 3x  2y  5  0
e 1 1
f 2 g 12 h 8 7 7x  4y  2  0
i 23 j 4 k 13 l 12
q p
2 2 Mixed exercise 5F
m 1 n   q  p 1 a y  3x  14 b (0, 14)
qp
2 7 2 a y  12 x  4 b y  12 x  32, (1, 1)
3 12 3 a y  17 x  172, y  x  12 b (9, 3)
4 413 4 a y  152 x  161 b 22
5 214 5 a y  32 x  32 b (3, 3)
6 1
4
6 11x  10y  19  0
7 26 7 a y  12 x  3 b y  14 x  94
8 5 8 a y  32 x  2 b (4, 4) c 20
9 a 2x  y  20 b y  13 x  43
Exercise 5C 10 a 12 b 6 c 2x  y  16  0
1 a y  2x  1 b y  3x  7 3  3

c y  x  3 d y  4x  11 11

a   3
1  3
   b y  3
x  23

e y  12 x  12 f y  23 x  5 12 a 7x  5y  18  0 b 1
6
35
2

g y  2x h y  12 x  2b 13 b y  13 x  13

2 y  3x  6 14 a y
3 y  2x  8 l2
4 2x  3y  24  0 l1
3
( 2 , 0)
5 15
6 y  25 x  3 (0, 0) 0 x
7 2x 3y  12  0
8 85 (0, 3)
9 y  43 x  4
4 1
10 6x  15y  10  0 b (3, 3) c 12x  3y  17  0
15 a x  2y  16  0 b y  4x
Exercise 5D c (176, 674)
1 a y  4x  4 b yx2
c y  2x  4 d y  4x  23
e yx4 f y  12 x  1
g y  4x  9 h y  8x  33
i y  65 x j y  27 x  154
Chapter 6 Answers
Exercise 6A 3 a Uk1  Uk  2, U1  1
1 24, 29, 34 b Uk1  Uk  3, U1  5
Add 5 to previous term c Uk1  Uk  1, U1  3
2 2, 2, 2 d Uk1  Uk  12, U1  1
Multiply previous term by 1 e Uk1  Uk  2k  1, U1  1
3 18, 15, 12 f Uk1  Uk  (1)k(2k  1), U1  1
Subtract 3 from previous term 4 a 3k  2 b 3k2  2k  2 c 130, 4
4 162, 486, 1458 5 a 4  2p b 4  6p c p  2
Multiply previous term by 3
5 14, 18, 116
Multiply previous term by 12
6 41, 122, 365 Exercise 6D
Multiply previous term by 3 then 1 1 Arithmetic sequences are a, b, c, h, l
7 8, 13, 21 2 a 23, 2n  3 b 32, 3n  2
Add together the two previous terms c 3, 27  3n d 35, 4n  5
8 59, 161, 173 e 10x, nx f a  9d, a  (n  1)d
Add 1 to previous numerator, 3 a 5800 b (3800  200m)
add 2 to previous denominator 4 a 22 b 40 c 39
9 2.0625, 2.031 25, 2.015 625 d 46 e 18 f n
Divide previous term by 2 then 1
10 24, 35, 48
Add consecutive odd numbers to previous term Exercise 6E
1 a 78, 4n  2 b 42, 2n  2
c 23, 83  3n d 39, 2n  1
Exercise 6B
e 27, 33  3n f 59, 3n  1
1 a U1  5 U2  8 U3  11 U10  32
g 39p, (2n  1)p h 71x, (9  4n)x
b U1  7 U2  4 U3  1 U10  20
2 a 30 b 29 c 32
c U1  6 U2  9 U3  14 U10  105
d 31 e 221 f 77
d U1  4 U2  1 U3  0 U10  49
3 d6
e U1  2 U2  4 U3  8 U10  1024
4 a  36, d  3, 14th term
f U1  13 U2  12 U3  35 U10  56
5 24
g U1  13 U2  12 U3  35 U10  56
6 x  5; 25, 20, 15
h U1  1 U2  0 U3  1 U10  512
7 x  12, x  8
2 a 14 b 9 c 11 d 9
e 6 f 9 g 8 h 14
i 4 j 5
3 Un 4n2  4n  4(n2  n) which is a multiple of 4 Exercise 6F
4 Un  (n  5)2  2  0 Un is smallest when n  5 (Un  1 a 820 b 450 c 1140
2) d 294 e 1440 f 1425
5 a  12, b  22
g 1155 h 21(11x  1)
6 a  1, b  3, c  0
2 a 20 b 25
7 p  12, q  512
c 65 d 4 or 14 (2 answers)
3 2550
Exercise 6C 4 i 222 500 ii 347 500
1 a 1, 4, 7, 10 b 9, 4, 1, 6 5 1683, 3267
c 3, 6, 12, 24 d 2, 5, 11, 23 6 9.03, 141 days
e 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 f 2, 3, 8, 63 7 d  12, 5.5
g 3, 5, 13, 31 8 a  6, d  2
2 a Uk1  Uk  2, U1  3
b Uk1  Uk  3, U1  20
c Uk1  2Uk, U1  1
Exercise 6G
U
d Uk1  k , U1  100 10 30
4 1 a  (3r  1) b  (3r  1)
e Uk1  1  Uk, U1  1 r1 r1

f Uk1  2Uk  1, U1  3 11 16
g Uk1  (Uk)2  1, U1  0 c  4(11  r)
r1
d  6r
r1
Uk  2 2 a 45 b 210
h Uk1  , U1  26
2 c 1010 d 70
i Uk2  Uk1  Uk, U1  1, U2  1 3 19
j Uk1  2Uk  2(1)k1, U1  4 4 49
 Chapter 6 Answers

Mixed exercise 6H
1 5, 8, 11
2 10
3 2, 9, 23, 51
4 a Add 6 to the previous term, i.e. Un1  Un  6
(or Un  6n  1)
b Add 3 to the previous term, i.e. Un1  Un  3
(or Un  3n)
c Multiply the previous term by 3,
i.e. Un1  3Un (or Un  3n1)
d Subtract 5 from the previous term,
i.e. Un1  Un  5 (or Un  15  5n)
e The square numbers (Un  n2)
f Multiply the previous term by 1.2,
i.e. Un1  1.2Un (or Un  (1.2)n1)

Arithmetic sequences are:

a a  5, d  6
b a  3, d  3
d a  10, d  5
5 a 81 b 860
6 b 5050
7 32
8 a 13 780
c 42 198
9 a a  25, d 3 b 3810
10 a 26 733 b 53 467
11 a 5 b 45
12 a 4k  15
b 8k2  30k  30
c 14, 4
13 b 1500 m
15 a U2  2k  4, U3  2k2  4k  4
b 5, 3
16 a 2450
b 59 000
c d  30
17 a d5
b 59
11k  9
18 b 
3
c 1.5
d 415
Chapter 7 Answers
Exercise 7A Exercise 7G
1 a i 7 ii 6.5 iii 6.1 1 2t  3 2 2
iv 6.01 v h6 3 12t2 4 9.8
b 6 5 1  5r2 6 12  8t
2 a i 9 ii 8.5 iii 8.1 7 10  2x
iv 8.01 v 8h
b 8 Exercise 7H
1 a y  3x  6  0 b 4y  3x  4  0
c 3y  2x  18  0 d yx
Exercise 7B
e y  12x  14 f y  16x  22
1 7 x6 2 8 x7 3 4 x3
2 4 2
2 a 7y  x  48  0 b 17y  2x  212  0
     3
4 1 x 3
5 1 x 3
6 1 x 3 (129, 189)
3 4 3

7 3x4 8 4x5 9 2x3 4 y  x, 4y  x  9  0; (3, 3)


4
 
3

5 y  8x  10, 8y  x  145  0
10 5x6 11 13 x 3
12 12 x 2

13 2x3 14 1 15 3x2
Exercise 7I
16 9x8 17 5x4 18 3x2 1 4, 1134, 172257
2 0, 22

3 (1, 0) and (123, 91237)
Exercise 7C
1 a 4x  6 b x  12 c 8x 4 2, 223
d 16x  7 e 4  10x 5 (2, 13) and (2, 15)
2 a 12 b 6 c 7 9
6 a 1  2 b x  3
d 212 e 2 f 4 x
3 4, 0 7 x  4, y  20
4 (1, 8)
1 3
 2  2
5 1, 1 8 3

2 x  2x
6 6, 4 dy 
1 1

9 a   6x 2  32 x 2 b (4, 16)
dx 1
 
Exercise 7D  12 x 2 (12  3x)
3
 2
1 a 4x3  x2 b x3 c x  2
1

 32 x (4  x)
2 a 0 b 1112 3 1
  2
3 a (212, 614) b (4, 4) and (2, 0) 10 a x  x  x 2
1
c (16, 31) d (12, 4) (12, 4) 3
1
 1
3
 2
b 1 x  x 
2
2 
2

c 4116
Exercise 7E  2
1

1 11 6x2  12 x  2x2

 2
1 a x b 6x3 c x4 10 2300
1 12 , 
4 1  2 3 27
d 
3 x  2x
3 2
e 6x 4
 x

2
2 14 a  1, b  4, c  5
1  3 1
f 
3 x  x2 g 3x2

2 h 3  6x2 15 a 3x2  10x  5
1
ii y  2x  7 iii 725

3 1
   b i 
i 5x  32 x
2 2
j 3 x2  2 x  2 k 12x3  18x2 3

16 y  9x  4 and 9y  x  128
l 24x  8  2x2
17 a (45, 25) b 1

2 a 1 b 29 c 4 d 4 5

Exercise 7F
1 24x  3, 24
2 15  3x2, 6x3
1 3
9  2  2
3 
2 x  6x3, 94 x  18x4
4 30x  2, 30
5 3x2  16x3, 6x3  48x4
Chapter 8 Answers
Exercise 8A Exercise 8D
3
1 1 a 1
 x4  x3  c b 2x    c
1 y  x6  c 
6 2 y  2 x5  c 2
x
4 2
3 yx c 3
4 yx 1
c c 
3 x3  6 x2  9 x  c d 
3 x3  12 x2  3x  c
5 3
5 4  

5 y  2x 2
c 6 y x c 3


3 e 
5 x 2  2x 2  c
5
1
7 y  83 x 2  c
3

8 y  27 x7  c 2 a 1

3 x3  2 x2  4 x  c b 1
 3
3 x  2x    c
x
3 5 3
  
9 y  12 x6  c 10 y  x3  c c 1

2 x2  83 x 2  4x  c d 2

5 x 2  43 x 2  c
1 1 3 1 1 3
  2    
11 y  2x 2  c 12 y  10x c e 2

3 x 2  4x 2  c f 2x 2  43 x 2  c
1 4
 2 
3
 1 1

13 y  4x c 14 y  92 x 3  c 3 a 2x 2    c b 4 x 2  x3  c
x
15 y  3x12  c 16 y  2x7  c 5
 2 1 1
c x  2  c
3
5
3
d 2    3x  c
1
 x x x
17 y  9x  c 3
18 y  5x  c 1 1 3
e 4 x  3 x  2 x  3x  c
4 3 2

19 y  3x  c 2
20 y  130 x0.6  c 1

5

f 4x 2  65 x 2  c g 1
3 x3  3 x2  9 x  c
5 3 1
8   
h 
5 x  83 x  2x  c
2 2 2

Exercise 8B 1

5

3

i 3 x  2 x 2  2 x3  c j 2 x 2  3 x2  6 x 2  c
3

5
1 a y  2x  x 2 1
 4x  c 2

b y  5x3  3x2  2x
 2
c Exercise 8E
1 1
c y  14 x4  3x  6x1  c

2 1 a y  x3  x2  2 b y  x4  2  3x  1
3
x
1 
d y  x4  3x 3  x1  c

c y  23 x 2  112x3  13 d y  6x  12 x2  4
1 5 1
 1 2  
e y  4x  4x3  4x  c 2
e y  x3  2 x2  4 x 

3

3 f y  25 x 2  6x 2  1
5

f y  3x 3  2x5  12 x2  c 2
1
f(x)  12 x4    12

1
 x
g y  4x 3
 3 x  4 x2  c 2 3
1 3 y  1    
h y  x  2x 5  2
 3x 4
c x x
x3 x4
 2
1
4 a f2(x)  ; f3(x)  
2 a f(x)  6x  3x 2
 5x  c 3 12

1
 xn1
b f(x)  x6  x6  x 6
c b 
1 1
3  4  5  (n  1)
  2
c f(x)  x  x 2
c
5 f2(x)  x  1; f3(x)  21 x2  x  1;
d f(x)  5x  4x 2 2
c f4(x)  61 x3  21 x2  x  1
2 2
  3
e f(x)  3x  6x 3
c Mixed Exercise 8F
1 4 2

f(x)  3x  2x 3 2
 x c 1 2  
f 2
2
1 a 
3 x3  32 x2  5x  c b 3

4 x 3  32 x 3  c
3

g f(x)  13 x3  x1  23 x 2  c

 2
2 x3  32 x2    16
1

3
3

x 5 3
h f(x)  x2  x2  43 x  c 2
3 a 2 x4  2 x3  5 x  c b
 
2x 2  43 x 2  c
5 3 1
4   
4 
5 x 2  23 x 2  6 x 2  c
Exercise 8C 5 x  t3  t2  t  1; x  7
1 1 x x c
4 2
2 2x 1
 3x  c 3 1
4  
5 3 1
6 2x 2  4x 2  c
 4  
3 2 x  x3  c
2
4  x  4x  4x  c
2 2
3
7 x  1213
5 x4  x3  rx  c 6 t3  t 1  c 3
5

4

8 a A  6. B  9 b 
5 x 3  92 x 3  9x  c
1 1 1
 2   2
7 2 t3  6t tc 8 1 x2  2 x 2  2 x c  2
1
 2
3 3

1

3 2
9 a 3 x  2x b 2x 2  8x 2  c
2
p p
9 x5  2tx  3x1  c 10 t4  q2t  px3t  c 1

3

5 4 10 a 5x  8x 2  23 x 2  c
Review Exercise 2
(Chapters 5 to 8) Answers
1 a Since P(3, 1), substitute values into y  5  2x d a5  2
gives 1  5  6, so P on line. e a100  23
b x  2y  5  0 dy 1

16   12x2  x 2
2 a AB  5 2  dx
b 0  x  7y  9 dy
17 a   4x  18x4
c C is (0, 97) dx
3 a 0  x  3y 21 b 23 x3  3x2  c
b P  (3, 6) dy 1

c 10.5 units2 18 a   6x  2x 2
dx
4 a p  15, q  3
b 7x  5y  46  0 d2y 3

b 2  6  x 2
c x  1147 dx
a y  13 x  4
3
5 
c x3  83 x 2  c
b C is (3, 3)
dy d2y
c 15 units2 19 a i   15x2  7 ii 2  30x
6 a P is (181, 1136) dx 3 dx

b 12
1
64 units
2 b x  2x 2  x1  c
7 a d  3.5 dy 1

20 a   4  92 x 2  4x
b a  10 dx
c 217.5 b Substitute values, 8  8
8 a  5 km, d  0.4 km c 3y  x  20
9 a 3, 1, 1 d PQ  8 10 
b d2 dy
c n(n  4) 21 a   8x  5x2, at P this is 3
dx
10 a 750 b y  3x  5
b 14 500 c k  53
c 155 22 a At (3, 0), y  0
11 a a2  4, a3  7 b At P, y  7x  21
b 73 c Q  (5, 15 13)
12 a a1  k, a2  3k  5 23 a P  2, Q  9, R  4
b a3  3a2  5  9k  20 1

1

3

c i 40k  90 ii 10(4k  9) b 3x 2  29x 2  2x 2
13 a a5  16k  45 c When x  1, f(x)  512, gradient of 2y  11x  3 is
b k4 512, so it is parallel with tangent.
c 81 1
24 3x  2x2 3x  13
 3
14 a In general: 5

1

25 3x  2x 2  4x 2  3
Sn  a  (a  d)  (a  2d)   (a  (n  2)d)
 (a  (n  1)d) 26 a 3x2  2
b 3x2  2  2 for all values of x since 3x2  0 for all
Reversing the sum: values of x
Sn  (a  (n  1)d)  (a  (n  2)d)  (a  (n  3)d) c y  14 x4  x2  7x  10
  (a  d)  a d 5y  x  22  0
27 a y  13 x3  x1  43
Adding the two sums: b (1, 2) and (1, 23)
2Sn  [2a  (n  1)d]  [2a  (n  1)d]  28 a 2x3 5x2  12x
 [2a  (n  1)d] b x(2x  3)(x  4)
c y
2Sn  n[2a  (n  1)d]
n
Sn   [2a  (n  1)d]
2
b 109
c n2 150n  5000  0
d n  50 or 100  32 0 4 x
e n  100 (gives a negative repayment)
15 a a2  4  2k
a3  (4  2k)2  k(4  2k)  6k2  20k  16
b k  1 or k  73
c a2  23 (32, 0), (0, 0) and (4, 0)
 Review Exercise 2 Answers

29 a PQ2  12  132  170

PQ  170

dy
b   3x2  12 x 4x2
dx
dy dy
At P,   13, at Q,   13
dx dx
c x  13y  14  0
30 a x(x  3)(x  4)
b y

0 3 4 x

(0, 0), (3, 0) and (4, 0)

c P  (347, 157)
Practice paper Answers
1 a 4
b 64
3

2 2x3  23 x 2  c
3 a 3, 5
b 36
4 a 27  102 
b 202 
5 x  3, y  3 and x  8, y  23
6 a x  2y  13  0
b y  2x
c (235, 515)
7 a No intersections.
y

2 0 2 x
2

b y
(12 , 0)
2 0 2 x

3

5

c
y

2 (0, 2)

2 0 2 x
2
x  1
8 a 670 b 5350 c 45
9 a i 2 ii c  4 iii c  4
b i x5
ii x  7, x 3
iii x  7, 3  x  5
10 a P  9, Q  24, R  16
b 10
c x  10y  248  0
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Answers
1 a k5
b k6
2 a 9
1
b 8x3
3 a y

2 x

b x  0 and y  2
4 a 3
b 420
5 a 0  k  2.4
6 a a2  1, a3  4
b 24
3
7 a 24x2  32 x2
9 5
b 48x  4 x 2   

1
c 2x4  6x2 + 5x  c
8 a 0.4
b (137, 43)
c 4
9 a x3  3 x  2
c y

(2, 0) (1, 0) x

10 a y  9x  9
d 16 2

e 320 units2