we ee NII BS 2704 :1978 upc 62017916.089.6;66914-812 Specification for Calibration blocks for use in ultrasonic flaw detection Spécification des blocs d’étalonnage pour usage dans {a vérification des défauts au moyen des ultrasons Spezifikation fiir Kalibrierblécke zur Verwendung bei der Ultraschall—Festellung von Fehlern LIBK - SFEBIS RECEIVED British Standards Institution ' 6rd+ pa esuys 0 Contents Page Inside front cover Back cover Foreword Cooperating organizations Specification 1, Scope 2. References 3. Dimensions and tolerances 4. Materials 5. Machining, heat 6 7 a Test for attenuation Modifications to blocks A2 and Ad Packaging of blocks Foreword ‘This British Standard, which is a revision of the 1966 edition of BS 2704, has been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Engineering Standards ‘Committee. The purpose of the standard is essentially to Provide a range of suitable blocks by which, used singly or in combination, the overall characteristics of ultrasonic flaw detection equipment can be calibrated and verified, ‘As compared with the previous edition, it has been decided to exclude the original type Al calibration block, as this is no longer used for checking ultrasonic flaw detection equipment employing shear wave probes, at also the block previously designated A3, developed in Switzerland, which has not come into general use in the United Kingdom, ‘The internationally established AZ block has been retained Page ‘Appendix ‘A, Recommendations concerning special purpose test blocks 2 Figures 1. Block A2. Basie dimensions: (IW block — 180 2400) Block 2. . Block A2, . Block 4, Dimensions 5. Block AB, Dimensions: (Welding Institute block) Block A6, Dimensions . Block A7. Dimensions evansee ‘and a miniature block, based on that developed by the International institute of Welding, has been introduced ‘together with a further three blocks, the uses of which ar featured in BS 4331 : Part 3. Whereas the former edition of this standard also gave recommendations for the use of calibration blocks in ultrasonic flaw detection, it has been decided to confine this edition to a specification for the blocks only as their application for calibrating various characteristics of flaw detection equipment is covered in detail in the appropriate Parts of BS 4331 tt should be noted that the blocks described in this standard do not apply to apparatus intended for medical or biological Use in which particular considerations arise.BS 2704 : 1978 ish Standard Specification for Calibration blocks for use in ultrasonic flaw detection 1, Scope 1.1. This British Standard describes the dimensions, materials and manufacture of steel Blocks for calibrating ultrasonic flaw detection equipment used in manual testing. 41.2 The blocks described may be selected, as appro for the checking of flaw detection equipment under laboratory conditions or onsite conditions (see 8S 4331 Parts 1 and 3). 1.3. Recommendations concerning the manufacture of calibration blocks for special purposes are given in appendix A. 2. References ‘The titles of the standards publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 3. Dimensions and tolerances 3.1, Dimensions, The dimensions of calibration blocks shall conform to those given in figures 1 to 7 inclusive. (If block A2 is modified in either of the ways described in clause 7, its dimensions shall conform to those given in figures 2 of 3 respectively.) For rectangular blocks, the longer opposing faces shall be parallel within + 0.10 rm and the adjacent faces shall be perpendicular to within + 5" of are. 3.2 Tolerances. Wherever practicable, the limits on ‘dimensions shall be held to * 0.10 mm. 3.3 Reference marks (A2 block). The shorter of the two Tonger edget of the A2 block shall be provided with engraved reference marks denoting the positions of the probe index for the 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 85° and 60° positions relative to the polymethylmethacrylate insert. ‘The longer edge shall be engraved to mark the probe index positions for the 60°, 70° and 80" positions relative to the insert, and the index for range setting when using the 100 mm radius. NOTE. In addition tothe above, intermediate reference marks are recommended and may be provided by agreement betvveen the pureheter and the manufacturer, 4, Materials 4.1 Steel. Blocks shall be manufactured from low: or ‘medium-carbon ferrtic steel (killed), normalized to produce a fine-grained structure and homogeneous throughout. Steels complying with the requirements up to and. including 060437 Section 2 of BS 970 : Part 1 : 1972 are generally suitable ‘i 4.2 General. In addition to freedom from internal flaws, ‘the material selected shall be free from undesirable metallurgical features such as coarse grain or pronounced rolling or casting structure 5. Machining, heat treatment and surface texture Blocks shall be rough-machined before heat treatment, which shall consist of normalizing only. Processes for surface hardening shall not be employed. Final preparation shall be by light grinding, but burnishing of the surfaces is ‘not permitted. The surface of the faces and edges shall generally be machined to an A value not greater than, 0.8 ym (see BS 1134) 6. Test for attenuation ‘This shall be carried our.on the blank after heat treatment, using compressional waves. There will be unavoidable ‘luctuations of signal height, even with a good surface finish, of the order of 1 dB. Blanks may be accepted for finish ‘machining provided the local variations of attenuation do not exceed * (1 dB + 0.02 dB/mm of block dimension) when tested with compressional waves in the frequency range 4 MHz to 6 MHz inclusive. 7. Modifications to blocks A2 and Ad 7.1. Block A2. Whilst the basic dimensions of block A2 conform with ISO 2400, the following modifications, if required, may be made to the block. These modifications tenable the scale calibration, ineluding the transmission Point of shear wave probes, to be carried out in one operation. T.A.A Slots at zero point. Two slots at zero point may be Provided, see figure 2, which will give calibrating signals at intervals of 100 mm range. NOTE. The A2 block with this modifi German standard DIN 54-120" ion i the subject of the TAZ Alternative reffector. An alternative reflector, in the form of a circular arc and accessible from the longer sides of the block, may be provided, see figure 3. This will give calibrating signals at intervals of 100 mm and 225 mm range: NOTE, The A2 block with this modification isthe subject of the [Netherlands standard NEN 25108 7.2 Block Ad. The thickness of block A4 may be either 12.5 mm or 20 mm and the target hole may have a diameter of either 1.5 mm or 5 mm, Blocks having @ ‘thickness of 20 mm and a target hole of 1.6 mm diameter are generally preferred. * DIN 54.120 Non-destructve testing: ealibeation block 1 and it use forthe adjustment end control of ultraonie echo equipment. + NEN 2510 Calibration block 1 for the ultrasonic testing of materials. 1"BS 2704: 1978 8, Packaging of blocks 8.1. Each block shall be packed in a strong case with an identification plate, The case shall he recessed in both the bbase and the lid in order to accommodate the block, and oiled felt shall be provided for both recesses to keep the test surfaces free from corrosion. Suitable means shall be provided for carrying the case. Appendix A Recommendations concerning special purpose calibration blocks ‘A.1 In the event of a calibration block being required for special purposes, e.g, the types of biock illustrated in [BS 4331 : Part 3 which are not described in this standard, ‘he prineiples embodied in the design and manufacture of calibration blocks to the requirements of this standard should be applied to such blocks. A.2 Certain appli ined components or aircraft members in which the test for, say, depth resolution is required, wil call for a block wihich is related to the geometry (and prabably the size) of the workpiece. A It should be borne in mind that even a block of simple shape can present an acoustical problem if iti prone to sidewall echoes or to anomalies of reflection fram external boundaries or internat surfaces. Such misleading reflections should be foreseen (their position can be calculated) and if ostible allowed for in the design of the block. Alternatively, a small reflector, e.9. anotch, may be introduced So 2s t0 provide a control echo serving to distinguish the target echo from others present. * DTD 5084 Forging stack and forgings of sluminlurmeappar-magnesium-nickel Iron alloy (solution tested and precipitetion treated: : speclat hast treatment for minimum residual internal sues) (suitable for use at elevated temperatures) (Cu 25,9 1.6, 1-2. Fe 10) (Obtainable from HMSO), 8.2 If wood is used in the manufacture of the cate, care shall be taken to ensure that the wood does not contain chemicals which would have a deleterious effect on the block. © ‘A.A Some special purpose blocks are required to be made. Of the same material at the workpiece, which may itself not be structurally ideal. Even so, the blank should be explored {or local variations of attenuation and these should be recorded, particularly in zones which will eventually lie in the path of the ultrasonic beam. In some cases, it may also. be necessary to reproduce bath the surface finish of the relevant workpiece and its protective coating (plating, paint or phosphate) in order to preserve the essential similarity of acoustical coupling and transmission, AS If special purpose blocks are manufactured from aluminium alloy, this should preferably be either zinc- bearing, fine-grained extrusion stock complying with the requirements of BS L 160 or equivalent, of low-copper, nicke! iron alloy complying with the requirements of OTD 5084". wyensions: (IW block 180 2400) NOTE. All dimensions in millimetres, Figure 2. Block A2. Dimensions: modification 1 20 7.1.1) Slots at Zero. point BS 2704 : 1978Adeisonat reflector NOTE. All dimensions in mitimetres Figure 3. Bock A2. Dimensions: modification 2 (see 7.1.2)‘© tte ila = TT | NOTE 1.12.5 mmm or 20 mm (se 7.2) NOTE 2.1.5 mm or 5 mm isee7.2 NOTE. Ail dimensions in milimetres Figure 4. Block A4. Dimensions BS 2704 : 1978BS 2704 : 1978 Addition (optiona!) oe SO holes Resolution holer ae in view (6) below rm) 3 G @ All holes 1.5 mm dia, NOTE. Ail dimensions in mitimetres. \ - oO Figure 5. Block AS. Dimensions: (Welding Institute block)BS 2704 : 197(9Standards put Bs 1194 85.4331 BSL 160 180 2400 ations referred to Wrought steel in the form of blooms, billets, bas and forgings Pert 1 Carbon and carbon manganese steels including free cutting steels [Methad for the esessmont of surface texture Methods for stesting the performance cha acteristics of ultrasonic flaw detection equipment Pert 1 Overall performance: on site methods Part 3 Guidance on the inservice monitoring of probes (excluding immersion probes) Bars and extruded sections of sluminium-zine-magnesiumcopper-chvomiam affoy (solution treated and art ‘overaged condition) (Zn 88, Ng 2.5, Cu J.8, Gr 0.22) ‘Welds in see! — Reteronce biock for the calibration of equloment for ultrasonic examination (cally aged to an‘This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of ‘the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, was published Under the authority ofthe Executive Board on 30 November 1978. © British Standards Institution, 1978 'SBN 0 580 10849 5 Fins publened April 1956 First revision May 1986 Second revision November 1978 Copyright Users of British Standards are reminded thet copyright subsists in all BSI publications. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in {any Sore without the prior permision in writing of BSI “This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing ‘the standard, of necessary details sich a symbols and size, 1YE2 Ck Cooperating organizations he Machanical Engineefing Standards Commitee, under whose {ection this British Standard wat prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments, scientifle snd industrial organizations! * nssociated Offices Technical Committee ‘ssclation of Consuiting Engineers Astociation of Hydraulic Cquigment Monufacturers Arteciation of Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers British Compressed Air Society British Electrical and Allied Menufacturers' Association (BEAMA) British Gas Corporation Brish Gear Manufacturers’ Ascciation Brish Intend Corsbustion Engine Manufactures’ Association British Pump Manufacturers Azacation British Steel Corporation + Bgitish Steel Industry (Chartered Institution of Building Services Grou Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations Depactenent of Industry (Mechanical Engineering) * Department of Industry (Nations Engineering Laboratory) Department of The Environment Deportment of Trade (Marine Division) {Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales .* Engineering Equipment Users’ Association Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes \ stealth end Safety Executive Institution of Gat Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engintore Institution of Plant Engineers ‘Amendments issued since publication ‘Amd, No.” Date of issue | Text affected BS 2704 :1978 ° sade designations. Enquiries should be addreted to the Publications Manager, 101 Pentonville Rood, London Ni 9ND- ‘Tetaphone 01-097 8801; Telex 232718), Contract requirements Attention it drawn to the fact that this Btsh Standard doesnot purport 10 include all the necessary provisions of a contract, Revision of Brish Standards British Standards are revised, when necessary, by the isue either of ‘amendment sips oof cevised editions, Its important that users of British Standards should ascertain that they ae in possession of the latest amendments oF edition, The following BS! references relate to the work on this standord Committe reference MEE/169 Draft for comment 7B/70503 DC “Institution of Produetion Engineers London Transport Executive Mocking Vo Trades Association {Ministry of Detence ‘Notions! Coal Booed *Oit Companies Materials Aszosiation Process Plant Association Railway Industry Association of Great Britain “Telecornmunication Engineering and Monufecturing Aszoc (TeMAl The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited *Water-tube Boilermakers’ Assciation ‘The organizations morked with an atersk inthe above list, together withthe following, wete cneetly represented on the ‘eommitiee entrusted with the preparation ofthis British Standard Aluminiom Federation BNF Metals Technology Contre British Airways British Chemical Engineering Contractors’ Association ritich Institute of Non-destructive Testing British Non ferrous Metals Feveration Instiute of Physics Institute of Quality Assurance oye" Register of Shipping Nondestructive Testing Centre Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited “Tubes Investments Limited United Kingdom Atomie Energy Authority Welding itt British Standards institution - 2 Park Street London W1A 28S - Telephone 01-629 9000 - Telex 266933 ye 18k SZ6L VvOLTSE