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Getting Started with Spring Boot

This document provides an introduction to Spring Boot, a popular Java framework for developing microservices. It begins with a congratulations message for choosing to learn with in28Minutes. It then discusses the in28Minutes approach of focusing on hands-on learning through real project experiences. The document outlines key topics that will be covered, including Spring Boot starters, auto-configuration, logging, Spring Data, and more. It emphasizes that Spring Boot aims to reduce configuration through conventions and sensible defaults, making it easier to get started with Spring and microservices development.

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Arun Kumar

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100% found this document useful (3 votes)

2K views107 pages

Getting Started with Spring Boot

Uploaded by

Arun Kumar

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Congratulations
About in28Minutes
Troubleshooting Guide
Spring Boot vs Spring MVC vs Spring
Spring Boot Starter Projects
Spring Boot Auto Configuration
Spring Boot Developer Tools and Live Reload
Logging with Spring Boot - Logback, SLF4j and LOG4j2
Introduction to Spring Data
Introduction to Web Services - Restful and SOAP
Course Promotion

Spring Boot -

Getting Starte d

Get started with the most popular Java

framework to develop awesome micro
services!
Table of Contents

1. Congratulations

2. About in28Minutes

3. Troubleshooting Guide

4. Spring Boot vs Spring MVC vs Spring

5. Spring Boot Project with Eclipse and Maven

6. Spring Initializr - Bootstrap Your Spring Boot

Applications at F1 speed!

7. Course - Java Web Services and REST API

8. Spring Boot Auto Configuration

9. Spring Boot Starters - Web and JPA

10. Spring Boot Starter Parent

11. Master Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring
Cloud

12. Spring Boot Developer Tools and Live Reload

13. Logging with Spring Boot - Logback, SLF4j and

LOG4j2

14. Introduction to Spring Data

15. Introduction to Web Services - Restful and SOAP

16. Keep Learning in28Minutes

Congratulations
You have made a great choice in learning with in28Minutes. You
are joining 100,000+ Learners learning everyday with us.

100,000+ Java beginners are learning from in28Minutes to become experts

on APIs, Web Services and Microservices with Spring, Spring Boot and

Spring Cloud.
About in28Minutes

How did in28Minutes get to 100,000 learners across the world?

We are focused on creating the awesome course (learning)

experiences. Period.

An awesome learning experience?

What's that?

You need to get insight into the in28Minutes world to answer that.

You need to understand "The in28Minutes Way"

What are our beliefs?

What do we love?

Why do we do what we do?

How do we design our courses?

Let's get started on "The in28Minutes Way"!

Important Components of "The in28Minutes Way"

Continuous Learning

Hands-on

We don't teach frameworks. We teach building applications!

We want you to be strong on the fundamentals

Step By Step

Efficient and Effective

Real Project Experiences

Debugging and Troubleshooting skills

Modules - Beginners and Experts!

Focus on Unit Testing

Code on Github

Design and Architecture

Modern Development Practices

Interview Guides

Bring the technology trends to you

Building a connect

Socially Conscious

We care for our learners

We love what we do
Troubleshooting Guide

We love all our 100,000 learners. We want to help you in every way

possible.

We do not want you to get stuck because of a simple error.

This 50 page troubleshooting guide and faq is our way of thanking you for

choosing to learn from in28Minutes.

.in28Minutes Trouble Shooting Guide

Spring Boot vs Spring MVC vs
Spring

What is Spring Boot? What is Spring MVC? What is Spring Framework? What are their
goals? How do they compare?

You will learn

Get an overview of Spring Framework
What are the problems that Spring Framework wanted to solve?
Get an overview of Spring MVC Framework
What are the problems that Spring MVC Framework wanted to solve?
Get an overview of Spring Boot Framework
What are the problems that Spring Boot wants to solve?
Compare Spring vs Spring Boot vs Spring MVC
Most important thing that you will learn is Spring, Spring MVC and Spring Boot are
not competing for the same space. They solve different problems and they solve
them very well.

What is the core problem that Spring Framework

solves?
Think long and hard. What’s the problem Spring Framework solves?

Most important feature of Spring Framework is Dependency Injection. At

the core of all Spring Modules is Dependency Injection or IOC Inversion of
Control.

Why is this important? Because, when DI or IOC is used properly, we can develop
loosely coupled applications. And loosely coupled applications can be easily unit
tested.

Let’s consider a simple example:

Example without Dependency Injection

Consider the example below: WelcomeController depends on WelcomeService to get
the welcome message. What is it doing to get an instance of
WelcomeService? WelcomeService service = new WelcomeService(); .
It’s creating an instance of it. And that means they are tightly coupled. For example : If I
create an mock for WelcomeService in a unit test for WelcomeController, How do I
make WelcomeController use the mock? Not easy!

@RestController
public class WelcomeController {

private WelcomeService service = new WelcomeService();

@RequestMapping("/welcome")
public String welcome() {
return [Link]();
}
}

Same Example with Dependency Injection

World looks much easier with dependency injection. You let the spring framework do
the hard work. We just use two simple annotations: @Component and @Autowired.

Using @Component , we tell Spring Framework - Hey there, this is a bean that
you need to manage.
Using @Autowired , we tell Spring Framework - Hey ﬁnd the correct match for
this speciﬁc type and autowire it in.

In the example below, Spring framework would create a bean for WelcomeService and
autowire it into WelcomeController.
In a unit test, I can ask the Spring framework to auto-wire the mock of
WelcomeService into WelcomeController. (Spring Boot makes things easy to do this
with @MockBean. But, that’s a different story altogether!)

@Component
public class WelcomeService {
//Bla Bla Bla
}
@RestController
public class WelcomeController {

@Autowired
private WelcomeService service;

@RequestMapping("/welcome")
public String welcome() {
return [Link]();
}
}

What else does Spring Framework solve?

Problem 1 : Duplication/Plumbing Code
Does Spring Framework stop with Dependency Injection? No. It builds on the core
concept of Dependeny Injection with a number of Spring Modules

Spring JDBC
Spring MVC
Spring AOP
Spring ORM
Spring JMS
Spring Test

Consider Spring JMS and Spring JDBC for a moment.

Do these modules bring in any new functionality? No. We can do all this with J2EE or
JEE. So, what do these bring in? They bring in simple abstractions. Aim of these
abstractions is to

Reduce Boilerplate Code/ Reduce Duplication

Promote Decoupling/ Increase Unit Testablity

For example, you need much less code to use a JDBCTemplate or a JMSTemplate
compared to traditional JDBC or JMS.

Problem 2 : Good Integration with Other Frameworks.

Great thing about Spring Framework is that it does not try to solve problems which
are already solved. All that it does is to provide a great integration with frameworks
which provide great solutions.

Hibernate for ORM

iBatis for Object Mapping
JUnit & Mockito for Unit Testing

What is the core problem that Spring MVC

Framework solves?

Spring MVC Framework provides decoupled way of developing web

applications. With simple concepts like Dispatcher Servlet, ModelAndView
and View Resolver, it makes it easy to develop web applications.

Why do we need Spring Boot?

Spring based applications have a lot of conﬁguration.

When we use Spring MVC, we need to conﬁgure component scan, dispatcher servlet, a
view resolver, web jars(for delivering static content) among other things.

<bean
class="[Link]
ceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>

<mvc:resources mapping="/webjars/**"
location="/webjars/"/>

Below code snippet shows typical conﬁguration of a dispatcher servlet in a web

application.

<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>

[Link]
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/[Link]</param-
value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
When we use Hibernate/JPA, we would need to conﬁgure a datasource, an entity
manager factory, a transaction manager among a host of other things.

<jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource">
<jdbc:script location="classpath:config/[Link]"
/>
<jdbc:script location="classpath:config/[Link]"
/>
</jdbc:initialize-database>

<bean

class="[Link]
gerFactoryBean"
id="entityManagerFactory">
<property name="persistenceUnitName"
value="hsql_pu" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-
manager="transactionManager"/>

Problem #1 : Spring Boot Auto Conﬁguration : Can

we think different?
Spring Boot brings in new thought process around this.

Can we bring more intelligence into this? When a spring mvc jar is added
into an application, can we auto conﬁgure some beans automatically?

How about auto conﬁguring a Data Source if Hibernate jar is on the classpath?
How about auto conﬁguring a Dispatcher Servlet if Spring MVC jar is on the
classpath?

There would be provisions to override the default auto conﬁguration.

Spring Boot looks at a) Frameworks available on the CLASSPATH b) Existing

configuration for the application. Based on these, Spring Boot provides
basic configuration needed to configure the application with these
frameworks. This is called Auto Configuration .

Problem #2 : Spring Boot Starter Projects : Built

around well known patterns
Let’s say we want to develop a web application.

First of all we would need to identify the frameworks we want to use, which versions
of frameworks to use and how to connect them together.

All web application have similar needs. Listed below are some of the dependencies we
use in our Spring MVC Course. These include Spring MVC, Jackson Databind (for data
binding), Hibernate-Validator (for server side validation using Java Validation API) and
Log4j (for logging). When creating this course, we had to choose the compatible
versions of all these frameworks.

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>[Link]</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>[Link]</version>
</dependency>

Here’s what the Spring Boot documentations says about starters.

Starters are a set of convenient dependency descriptors that you can

include in your application. You get a one-stop-shop for all the Spring and
related technology that you need, without having to hunt through sample
code and copy paste loads of dependency descriptors. For example, if you
want to get started using Spring and JPA for database access, just include
the spring-boot-starter-data-jpa dependency in your project, and you are
good to go.

Let’s consider an example starter - Spring Boot Starter Web.

If you want to develop a web application or an application to expose restful services,

Spring Boot Start Web is the starter to pick. Lets create a quick project with Spring
Boot Starter Web using Spring Initializr.

Dependency for Spring Boot Starter Web

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
Following screenshot shows the different dependencies that are added in to our
application
Dependencies can be classiﬁed into:

Spring - core, beans, context, aop

Web MVC - (Spring MVC)
Jackson - for JSON Binding
Validation - Hibernate Validator, Validation API
Embedded Servlet Container - Tomcat
Logging - logback, slf4j

Any typical web application would use all these dependencies. Spring Boot Starter
Web comes pre packaged with these. As a developer, I would not need to worry about
either these dependencies or their compatible versions.

Spring Boot Starter Project Options

As we see from Spring Boot Starter Web, starter projects help us in quickly getting
started with developing speciﬁc types of applications.

spring-boot-starter-web-services - SOAP Web Services

spring-boot-starter-web - Web & RESTful applications
spring-boot-starter-test - Unit testing and Integration Testing
spring-boot-starter-jdbc - Traditional JDBC
spring-boot-starter-hateoas - Add HATEOAS features to your services
spring-boot-starter-security - Authentication and Authorization using Spring
Security
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa - Spring Data JPA with Hibernate
spring-boot-starter-cache - Enabling Spring Framework’s caching support
spring-boot-starter-data-rest - Expose Simple REST Services using Spring Data
REST

Other Goals of Spring Boot

There are a few starters for technical stuff as well

spring-boot-starter-actuator - To use advanced features like monitoring & tracing

to your application out of the box
spring-boot-starter-undertow, spring-boot-starter-jetty, spring-boot-starter-
tomcat - To pick your speciﬁc choice of Embedded Servlet Container
spring-boot-starter-logging - For Logging using logback
spring-boot-starter-log4j2 - Logging using Log4j2

Spring Boot aims to enable production ready applications in quick time.

Actuator : Enables Advanced Monitoring and Tracing of applications.

Embedded Server Integrations - Since server is integrated into the application, I
would NOT need to have a separate application server installed on the server.
Default Error Handling
Spring Boot Project with
Eclipse and Maven

You will learn

How to bootstrap a simple project with Spring Initializr?
How to use Spring Starter Eclipse Plugin to create a simple project with Spring
Boot, Maven and Eclipse?
How to create a Spring Boot Project manually step by step?

Introduction to Maven
Q : Why Maven?
You don’t want to store all the libraries in your project!

You want to tell I need A, B, C and you would want the tool to download the libraries
and make them available to you.

That’s Maven. The tool which you use to manage the libraries.

If you need a new version of the library, you can change the version and your project is
ready!

Also, You don’t need to worry about what libraries your library needs to work. For
example, Spring might need other libaries - logging, xml etc.

Once you declare a dependency on Spring, Maven would download

Spring
And all dependencies of Spring

Isn’t that cool?

Big Picture of Maven

Deﬁning what Maven does is very difﬁcult.

Every Day Developer does a lot of things

Manages Dependencies
Web Layer (Spring MVC)
Data Layer (JPA - Hibernate) etc.

Build a jar or a war or an ear

Run the application locally
Tomcat or Jetty

Deploy to a T environment
Add new dependencies to a project
Run Unit Tests
Generate Projects
Create Eclipse Workspace

Maven helps us do all these and more…

Naming a project
You deﬁne dependencies in your [Link].

Maven would download the dependencies and make them available for use in your
project.

But, how does Maven know what dependency to download?

You need to tell it by giving the details of the dependency.

Just like you can identify a Java class with a class name and a package name, you can
identify a maven artifact by a GroupId and an ArtifactId.

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-in-few-steps</artifactId>
Declaring Dependencies
Dependencies are frameworks that you would need to develop your project.

In the example below we are adding two dependencies.

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Maven Build Life Cycle

When we run “mvn clean install”, we are executing the complete maven build life
cycle.

Build LifeCycle is a sequence of steps

Validate
Compile
Test
Package
Integration Test
Verify
Install
Deploy

Maven follows Convention over Conﬁguration.

Pre deﬁned folder structure

Source Code
${basedir}/src/main/java
${basedir}/src/main/resources

Test Code
${basedir}/src/test

How does Maven Work?

Maven Repository contains all the jars indexed by artifact id and group id.

Once we add a dependency to our [Link], maven asks the maven repository for the
jar dependencies giving group id and the artifact id as the input.

Maven repository stores all the versions of all dependencies. JUnit 4.2,4.3,4.4

The jar dependencies are stored on your machine in a folder called maven local
repository. All our projects would refer to the jars from the maven local repository.

Local Repository : a temp folder on your machine where maven stores the
jar and dependency ﬁles that are downloaded from Maven Repository.

Important Maven Commands

mvn –version -> Find the maven version
mvn compile -> compiles source files
mvn test-compile -> compiles test files - one thing to observe is this also compiles
source files
mvn clean -> deletes target directory
mvn test -> run unit tests
mvn package -> creates a jar for the project
help:effective-settings -> Debug Maven Settings
help:effective-pom -> Look at the complete pom after all inheritances from parent
poms are resolved
dependency:tree -> Look at all the dependencies and transitive dependencies
dependency:sources -> Download source code for all dependencies
–debug -> Debug flag. Can be used with all the above commands

Creating Spring Boot Projects with Eclipse and

Maven
There are three options to create Spring Boot Projects with Eclipse and Maven

Spring Initializr - [Link]

Use STS or STS Eclipse Plugin and Create a Spring Boot Maven Project directly from
Eclipse
Manually Create a Maven Project and add Spring Boot Starter Dependencies.

We will use a Spring Boot Starter Web as an example.

Option 1 - Bootstrapping Spring Boot Project with Spring

Initializr
Creating a Web application with Spring Initializr is a cake walk. We will use Spring Web
MVC as our web framework.

Spring Initializr [Link] great tool to bootstrap your Spring

Boot projects.
As shown in the image above, following steps have to be done

Launch Spring Initializr and choose the following

Choose [Link] as Group
Choose student-services as Artifact
Choose following dependencies
Web
Actuator
DevTools

Click Generate Project.

This would download a zip ﬁle to your local machine.

Unzip the zip ﬁle and extract to a folder.

In Eclipse, Click File -> Import -> Existing Maven Project as shown below.
Navigate or type in the path of the folder where you extracted the zip ﬁle to in the
next screen.
Once you click Finish, Maven would take some time to download all the dependencies
and initialize the project.

That’s it. Your ﬁrst Spring Project is Ready.

Follow these links to understand more about the project that is created
- Spring Boot vs Spring vs Spring MVC, Auto Conﬁguration, Spring Boot
Starter Projects, Spring Boot Starter Parent, Spring Boot Initializr

Option 2 - Using STS or STS Eclipse Plugin to create Spring Boot

Maven Project
With Spring tool suite, you can directly create a spring boot project from Eclipse.
You should either download the complete installation of STS or You can install the STS
Eclipse plugin

[Link] the complete download of STS as

well as the Update Sites for STS Eclipse Plugin.

In Eclipse/STS, start with File -> New -> Spring Starter Project as shown below.
Image

In the next screen, you can choose the following for your project.

Group ID
Artifact ID
Root Package
Version
Description
Java Version
Language
Packaging

Make sure you choose Maven as Type.

In the next screen, you can choose the dependencies that you would want to add to
your Spring Boot project.
Once you click Finish, Maven would take some time to download all the dependencies
and initialize the project.

That’s it. Your ﬁrst Spring Project is Ready.

Option 3 - Manually Create a Maven Spring Boot Project

The last option is to create the project manually.
In Eclipse, start with File > New > Maven Project

Choose Create a simple project as shown in the screenshot below:

In the next screen, provide these details for your project and click Finish.

Group ID
Artifact ID
Version

This would create a basic Maven project with Zero dependencies.

Next add in the appropriate Spring Boot Starters into the [Link]

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Starter Web is used for developing Spring Boot Web Applications or RESTful Services.

Starter Test provides unit testing and integration test capablities with Spring Test,
Mockito and JUnit.

One this we are missing is the version for these dependencies.

We will add Spring Boot Starter Parent as the parent pom in the [Link]

<parent>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0.M6</version>
<relativePath /> 
</parent>

Let’s conﬁgure the Java version to use as 1.8

<properties>
<[Link]>UTF-
8</[Link]>
<[Link]>UTF-
8</[Link]>
<[Link]>1.8</[Link]>
</properties>
Next step is to create a Spring Boot Application class which will be launching point of
the web application.

/src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/tutorial/[Link]

package [Link];

import [Link];
import
[Link]
n;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootWebApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

[Link]([Link],
args);
}
}
All that you need to do is to add @SpringBootApplication and
use [Link]() static method to launch the Spring Application
context.

When you launch this class a java application, you would see that an embedded
tomcat server would launch up and you are ready to add in features to this application.

Summary
In this article, we looked at the different options to creating Spring Boot Projects with
Maven and Eclipse. I love option 2 of creating the project directly from Eclipse using
STS plugin. But, you might have your own preference.
Spring Initializr - Bootstrap
Your Spring Boot Applications
at F1 speed!

Spring Initializr [Link] great tool to bootstrap your Spring Boot

projects.

It allows you to create varied range of Spring Boot based Applications from a very
simple UI. Some of the types of applications you can bootstrap are:

Web Applications
Restful Applications
Batch Applications

Spring Boot provides a wide range of starter projects. Spring Initializr suppports all of
them and more. Among a varied range of starter projects and options supported are:

spring-boot-starter-web-services : For building applications exposing SOAP Web

Services
spring-boot-starter-web - Build Web applications & RESTful applications
spring-boot-starter-test - Write great Unit and Integration Tests
spring-boot-starter-jdbc - Traditional JDBC Applications
spring-boot-starter-hateoas - Make your services more RESTful by adding
HATEOAS features
spring-boot-starter-security - Authentication and Authorization using Spring
Security
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa - Spring Data JPA with Hibernate
spring-boot-starter-cache - Enabling Spring Framework’s caching support
spring-boot-starter-data-rest - Expose Simple REST Services using Spring Data
REST
In this guide, lets consider creating a simple web application with Spring Initializr.

Bootstrapping a Web application with Spring

Initializr
Creating a Web application with Spring Initializr is very simple.

As shown in the image above, following steps have to be done

Launch Spring Initializr [Link] choose the following

Choose [Link] as Group
Choose student-services as Artifact
Choose following dependencies
Web

Click Generate Project button at the bottom of the page.

Import the project into Eclipse.

Structure of the project created

Screenshot shows the project structure of the imported maven project.
[Link] - Spring Boot Launcher. Initializes Spring Boot Auto
Configuration and Spring Application Context.
[Link] - Application Configuration file.
[Link] - Simple launcher for use in unit tests.
[Link] - Included dependencies for Spring Boot Starter Web. Uses Spring Boot
Starter Parent as parent pom.

Complete Code Generated

Lets look at each of the ﬁle that is generated

/[Link]
Three important things that are conﬁgured in [Link].

Spring Boot Parent Pom - You can read more about Spring Boot Starter Parent here
- [Link]
Spring Boot Starter Web - You can read more about Spring Boot Starter Web here
- [Link]
Spring Boot Starter Plugin

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>student-services-
initializr</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>student-services</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring
Boot</description>

<parent>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-
parent</artifactId>
<version>[Link]</version>
<relativePath/> 
</parent>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-
actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-
web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-
devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-
test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-
maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

/src/main/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/StudentServices
[Link]
@SpringBootApplication - Initializes Spring Boot Auto Conﬁguration and
Spring application context. Read more about Auto Conﬁguration here
- [Link]
[Link] - Static method to launch a Spring Boot
Application.

package [Link];

import [Link];
import
[Link]
n;

@SpringBootApplication
public class StudentServicesApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {

[Link]([Link],
args);
}
}

/src/main/resources/[Link]

/src/test/java/com/in28minutes/springboot/StudentServicesA
[Link]
Integration test launches the complete Spring Boot Application. Read more about
integration tests here -
[Link]
services.

package [Link];

import [Link];
import [Link];
import
[Link];
import
[Link];

@RunWith([Link])
@SpringBootTest
public class StudentServicesApplicationTests {

@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}

Running the application

Following log is generate when you run [Link] as a Java
Application.

. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: ([Link])

2017-01-28 [Link].970 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]

[Link] : Starting
StudentServicesApplication on [Link] with
PID 4311
(/in28Minutes/Workspaces/SpringBootTutorialWebsite2017Jan/c
reating-web-project/target/classes started by
rangaraokaranam in
/in28Minutes/Workspaces/SpringBootTutorialWebsite2017Jan/cr
eating-web-project)
2017-01-28 [Link].978 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : No active
profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-01-28 [Link].179 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing
[Link]
mbeddedWebApplicationContext@3c9199ed: startup date [Sat
Jan 28 [Link] IST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-28 [Link].970 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Failed to
introspect annotations on [class
[Link]
vcHypermediaManagementContextConfiguration]:
[Link]:
[Link]
2017-01-28 [Link].972 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Failed to
introspect annotations on [class
[Link]
vcHypermediaManagementContextConfiguration]:
[Link]:
[Link]
2017-01-28 [Link].167 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Tomcat
initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-28 [Link].224 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Starting service
Tomcat
2017-01-28 [Link].226 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Starting Servlet
Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
2017-01-28 [Link].437 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing
Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2017-01-28 [Link].438 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Root
WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 4296 ms
2017-01-28 [Link].905 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping servlet:
'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2017-01-28 [Link].911 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping filter:
'metricsFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-28 [Link].912 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping filter:
'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-28 [Link].912 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping filter:
'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-28 [Link].912 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping filter:
'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-28 [Link].912 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping filter:
'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-28 [Link].913 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping filter:
'webRequestLoggingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-28 [Link].913 INFO 4311 --- [ost-startStop-1]
[Link] : Mapping filter:
'applicationContextIdFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-28 [Link].546 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Looking for
@ControllerAdvice:
[Link]
mbeddedWebApplicationContext@3c9199ed: startup date [Sat
Jan 28 [Link] IST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-28 [Link].653 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/error]}" onto public
[Link]<[Link]<java.
[Link], [Link]>>
[Link]
[Link]([Link])
2017-01-28 [Link].654 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]([Link],javax.
[Link])
2017-01-28 [Link].717 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped URL path
[/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class
[Link]
tHandler]
2017-01-28 [Link].717 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped URL path
[/**] onto handler of type [class
[Link]
tHandler]
2017-01-28 [Link].785 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped URL path
[/**/[Link]] onto handler of type [class
[Link]
tHandler]
2017-01-28 [Link].364 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "{[/dump
|| /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}"
onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].366 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/metrics/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=
[application/json]}" onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]([Link])
2017-01-28 [Link].367 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/metrics || /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=
[application/json]}" onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].369 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "{[/trace
|| /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}"
onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].370 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/configprops || /[Link]],methods=
[GET],produces=[application/json]}" onto public
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].371 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "{[/info
|| /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}"
onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].373 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/autoconfig || /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=
[application/json]}" onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].375 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/heapdump || /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=
[application/octet-stream]}" onto public void
[Link]
[Link](boolean,[Link]
,[Link]) throws
[Link],[Link]
2017-01-28 [Link].378 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "{[/beans
|| /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}"
onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].384 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/env/{name:.*}],methods=[GET],produces=
[application/json]}" onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]([Link])
2017-01-28 [Link].384 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "{[/env
|| /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=[application/json]}"
onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].385 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/health || /[Link]],produces=[application/json]}"
onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]([Link])
2017-01-28 [Link].387 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Mapped "
{[/mappings || /[Link]],methods=[GET],produces=
[application/json]}" onto public [Link]
[Link]
[Link]()
2017-01-28 [Link].653 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : LiveReload
server is running on port 35729
2017-01-28 [Link].832 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Registering
beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-01-28 [Link].850 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Starting beans
in phase 0
2017-01-28 [Link].111 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Tomcat started
on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-28 [Link].119 INFO 4311 --- [ restartedMain]
[Link] : Started
StudentServicesApplication in 8.193 seconds (JVM running
for 10.023)
Learn Java Web Services and REST
API with Spring Boot

Checkout the Course Now!

Spring Boot Auto Conﬁguration

You will learn

Why do we need Auto Configuration?
What is Auto Configuration?
A few examples of Spring Boot Auto Configuration
How is Auto Configuration implemented in Spring Boot?
How to debug Auto Configuration?

Why do we need Spring Boot Auto Conﬁguration?

Spring based applications have a lot of conﬁguration.

When we use Spring MVC, we need to conﬁgure component scan, dispatcher servlet, a
view resolver, web jars(for delivering static content) among other things.

<bean

class="[Link]
eViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>

<mvc:resources mapping="/webjars/**"
location="/webjars/"/>

Below code snippet shows typical conﬁguration of a dispatcher servlet in a web

application.

<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>

[Link]
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/[Link]</param-
value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource">
<jdbc:script location="classpath:config/[Link]"
/>
<jdbc:script location="classpath:config/[Link]"
/>
</jdbc:initialize-database>

<bean

class="[Link]
gerFactoryBean"
id="entityManagerFactory">
<property name="persistenceUnitName"
value="hsql_pu" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-
manager="transactionManager"/>

Above examples are typical with any Spring framework implementation or integration
with other frameworks.

Spring Boot : Can we think different?

Spring Boot brings in new thought process around this.
Can we bring more intelligence into this? When a spring mvc jar is added
into an application, can we auto conﬁgure some beans automatically?

How about auto conﬁguring a Data Source if Hibernate jar is on the classpath?
How about auto conﬁguring a Dispatcher Servlet if Spring MVC jar is on the
classpath?

There would be provisions to override the default auto conﬁguration.

Spring Boot looks at a) Frameworks available on the CLASSPATH b) Existing

configuration for the application. Based on these, Spring Boot provides
basic configuration needed to configure the application with these
frameworks. This is called Auto Configuration .

To understand Auto Conﬁguration further, lets bootstrap a simple Spring Boot

Application using Spring Initializr.

Creating REST Services Application with Spring

Initializr

Spring Initializr [Link] great tool to bootstrap your Spring

Boot projects.
As shown in the image above, following steps have to be done.

Launch Spring Initializr and choose the following

Choose [Link] as Group
Choose student-services as Artifact
Choose following dependencies
Web
Actuator
DevTools

Click Generate Project.

Import the project into Eclipse.
If you want to understand all the ﬁles that are part of this project, you can go here.

Spring Boot Auto Conﬁguration in action.

When we run [Link] as a Java Application, you will see a few
important things in the log.

Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]

Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public

[Link]<[Link]<java.
[Link], [Link]>>
[Link]
[Link]([Link])

Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class

[Link]
tHandler]

Above log statements are good examples of Spring Boot Auto
Configuration in action.

As soon as we added in Spring Boot Starter Web as a dependency in our project, Spring
Boot Autoconﬁguration sees that Spring MVC is on the classpath. It autoconﬁgures
dispatcherServlet, a default error page and webjars.

If you add Spring Boot Data JPA Starter, you will see that Spring Boot Auto
Conﬁguration auto conﬁgures a datasource and an Entity Manager.

Where is Spring Boot Auto Conﬁguration

implemented?
All auto configuration logic is implemented in spring-boot-
[Link] . All auto configuration logic for mvc, data, jms and other
frameworks is present in a single jar.
Other important file inside spring-boot-autoconfi[Link] is /META-
INF/[Link]. This file lists all the auto configuration classes that should be
enabled under the EnableAutoConfiguration key. A few of the important auto
configurations are listed below.

[Link]
ion=\
[Link]
tion,\
[Link]
figuration,\
[Link]
utoConfiguration,\
[Link]
onfiguration,\
[Link]
onfiguration,\
[Link]
oConfiguration,\
[Link]
utoConfiguration,\
[Link]
oConfiguration,\
[Link]
actionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
[Link]
oConfiguration,\
[Link]
terAutoConfiguration,\
[Link]
tAutoConfiguration,\
[Link]
ontainerAutoConfiguration,\
[Link]
iguration,\

Example Auto Conﬁguration

We will take a look at DataSourceAutoConﬁguration.

Typically all Auto Configuration classes look at other classes available in the classpath.
If specific classes are available in the classpath, then configuration for that
functionality is enabled through auto configuration. Annotations like
@ConditionalOnClass, @ConditionalOnMissingBean help in providing these features!

@ConditionalOnClass({ [Link],
[Link] }) : This conﬁguration is enabled only when
these classes are available in the classpath.

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ [Link],
[Link] })
@EnableConfigurationProperties([Link])
@Import({ [Link],
[Link] })
public class DataSourceAutoConfiguration {
@ConditionalOnMissingBean : This bean is conﬁgured only if there is no other
bean conﬁgured with the same name.

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public DataSourceInitializer dataSourceInitializer() {
return new DataSourceInitializer();
}
Embedded Database is conﬁgured only if there are no beans of type [Link]
or [Link] already conﬁgured.

@Conditional([Link])
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ [Link],
[Link] })
@Import([Link])
protected static class EmbeddedDatabaseConfiguration {
}

Debugging Auto Conﬁguration

There are two ways you can debug and ﬁnd more information about auto
conﬁguration.

Turning on debug logging

Using Spring Boot Actuator

Debug Logging
You can turn debug logging by adding a simple property value to
[Link]. In the example below, we are turning on Debug level for all
logging from [Link] package (and sub packages).
[Link]: DEBUG
When you restart the application, you would see an auto configuration report printed
in the log. Similar to what you see below, a report is produced including all the auto
configuration classes. The report separates the positive matches from negative
matches. It will show why a specific bean is auto configured and also why something
is not auto configured.

=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================

Positive matches:
-----------------
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched
- @ConditionalOnClass classes found:
[Link]
(OnClassCondition)
- found web application StandardServletEnvironment
(OnWebApplicationCondition)

Negative matches:
-----------------
ActiveMQAutoConfiguration did not match
- required @ConditionalOnClass classes not found:
[Link],[Link]
nectionFactory (OnClassCondition)

[Link] did not

match
- @ConditionalOnProperty missing required properties
[Link]-target-class (OnPropertyCondition)

Spring Boot Actuator

Other way to debug auto conﬁguration is to add spring boot actuator to your project.
We will also add in HAL Browser to make things easy.

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-
actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-rest-hal-
browser</artifactId>
</dependency>

HAL Browser auto

conﬁguration [Link]
show the details of all the beans which are auto conﬁgured and those which are not.
Spring Boot Starters - Web and
JPA

You will learn

What features are provided by Spring Boot Starter Projects?
We will look at an example of Starter Projects
We will look at Spring Boot Starter Web
Get an overview of different starter projects provided by Spring Boot.

Why do we need Spring Boot Starter Projects?

To understand what starter projects provide, let’s consider an example project without
using a starter.

What if we do not have starter projects?

Let’s say we want to develop a web application with Spring MVC.

First of all we would need to identify the frameworks we want to use, which versions
of frameworks to use and how to connect them together.

Listed below are some of the dependencies we use in our Spring MVC Course. These
include Spring MVC, Jackson Databind (for data binding), Hibernate-Validator (for
server side validation using Java Validation API) and Log4j (for logging). When creating
this course, we had to choose the compatible versions of all these frameworks.

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>[Link]</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>[Link]</version>
</dependency>

We had to add configuration to get all the stuff wired together. Configuration for
dispatcher servlet, view resolver, error page, web jars among other configuration.

<bean

class="[Link]
eViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
</property>
<property name="suffix">
<value>.jsp</value>
</property>
</bean>

<mvc:resources mapping="/webjars/**" location="/webjars/"

<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
[Link]
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/[Link]</param-
value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
When using JPA, we would need to similar stuff. We need to add the jars and the
conﬁguration for datasource, entity manager, transaction manager etc.

<jdbc:initialize-database data-source="dataSource">
<jdbc:script location="classpath:config/[Link]" />
<jdbc:script location="classpath:config/[Link]" />
</jdbc:initialize-database>

<bean

class="[Link]
gerFactoryBean"
id="entityManagerFactory">
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="hsql_pu" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-
manager="transactionManager"/>

Spring Boot Starter Projects

Here’s what the Spring Boot documentations says about starters.

Starters are a set of convenient dependency descriptors that you can

Let’s consider an example starter - Spring Boot Starter Web.

If you want to develop a web application or an application to expose restful services,

Spring Boot Start Web is the starter to pick. Lets create a quick project with Spring
Boot Starter Web using Spring Initializr.

Creating REST Services Application with Spring

Initializr

Spring Initializr [Link] great tool to bootstrap your Spring

Boot projects.

As shown in the image above, following steps have to be done.

Launch Spring Initializr and choose the following

Choose [Link] as Group
Choose student-services as Artifact
Choose following dependencies
Web

Click Generate Project.

Import the project into Eclipse.
If you want to understand all the ﬁles that are part of this project, you can go here.

Spring Boot Starter Web

Spring Boot Starter Web brings in 2 important features

Compatible Dependencies that are needed to develop web applications

Auto Conﬁguration

Dependency for Spring Boot Starter Web

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

Dependencies
Following screenshot shows the different dependencies that are added in to our
application
Dependencies can be classiﬁed into:

Spring - core, beans, context, aop

Web MVC - (Spring MVC)
Jackson - for JSON Binding
Validation - Hibernate Validator, Validation API
Embedded Servlet Container - Tomcat
Logging - logback, slf4j

Auto Conﬁguration
Spring Boot Starter Web auto conﬁgures the basic things that are needed. To
understand the features Spring Boot Starter Web brings in, lets run
[Link] as a Java Application and review the log.

Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]

Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public

[Link]<[Link]<java.
[Link], [Link]>>
[Link]
[Link]([Link])

Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class

[Link]
tHandler]

Spring Boot Starter Web auto-conﬁgures

Dispatcher Servlet
Error Page
Web Jars to manage your static dependencies
Embedded Servlet Container - Tomcat is the default

The image below shows the different things that might be auto conﬁgured by Spring
Boot Starter Web
Spring Boot Starter Project Options
As we see from Spring Boot Starter Web, starter projects help us in quickly getting
started with developing speciﬁc types of applications.

spring-boot-starter-web-services - SOAP Web Services

There are a few starters for technical stuff as well

spring-boot-starter-actuator - To use advanced features like monitoring & tracing

You will learn

What is Spring Boot Starter Parent?
What are the important features of Spring Boot Starter Parent?
When do you use Spring Boot Starter Parent?

What is Spring Boot Starter Parent?

All Spring Boot projects typically use spring-boot-starter-parent as the parent in
[Link].

<parent>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>[Link]</version>
</parent>
Parent Poms allow you to manage the following things for multiple child projects and
modules:

Conﬁguration - Java Version and Other Properties

Depedency Management - Version of dependencies
Default Plugin Conﬁguration

What is inside Spring Boot Starter Parent?

First of all - Spring Boot Starter Parent deﬁnes spring-boot-dependencies as the
parent pom. It inherits dependency management from spring-boot-dependencies.
Details in the next section.
<parent>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>[Link]</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-
dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>

Default java version is 1.6. A project can override this by specifying a

property <[Link]>1.8</[Link]> in the project pom. A few
other settings related to encoding and source, target version are also set in the parent
pom.

<[Link]>1.6</[Link]>
<[Link]>@</[Link]> 
<[Link]>UTF-
8</[Link]>
<[Link]>UTF-
8</[Link]>
<[Link]>${[Link]}
</[Link]>
<[Link]>${[Link]}
</[Link]>

Spring Boot Starter Parent specifies the default configuration for a host of plugins
including maven-failsafe-plugin, maven-jar-plugin and maven-surefire-plugin.

<plugin>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>integration-test</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>${start-class}
</mainClass>

<addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementa
tionEntries>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<includes>
<include>**/*[Link]</include>
<include>**/*[Link]</include>
</includes>
<excludes>

<exclude>**/Abstract*.java</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
What does Spring Boot Starter Parent inherit from
spring-boot-dependencies?
Spring Boot Dependencies deﬁnes the default dependency management for all Spring
Boot projects. If we would want to use a new version of a speciﬁc dependency, we can
override the version by specifying a new property in the project pom. The extract
below shows some of the important dependencies that are managed by Spring Boot
Dependencies parent pom. Since Spring Boot Starter Parent inherit from spring-boot-
dependencies, it shares all these characteristics as well.

<properties>
<[Link]>5.13.4</[Link]>
...
<[Link]>[Link].21</[Link]>
<[Link]>3.1.1</[Link]>
...
<[Link]>1.4.192</[Link]>
<[Link]>1.3</[Link]>
<[Link]>3.6.4</[Link]>
<[Link]>[Link]</[Link]>
<hibernate-
[Link]>[Link]</[Link]>
<[Link]>2.4.7</[Link]>
<[Link]>2.3.13</hikaricp-
[Link]>
<[Link]>[Link]</[Link]>
<[Link]>2.3.3</[Link]>
<[Link]>2.21</[Link]>
<[Link]>4.1.2</[Link]
sion>
<[Link]>4.5.2</[Link]>
<[Link]>4.4.5</[Link]>
<[Link]>[Link]</[Link]
>
<[Link]>2.8.1</[Link]>
....
<[Link]>2.23.1</[Link]>
<[Link]>2.0.3</[Link]>
<[Link]>9.3.11.v20160721</[Link]>
<[Link]>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-
[Link]>
<[Link]>[Link]</spring-
[Link]>
<[Link]>8.5.4</[Link]>
<[Link]>[Link]</[Link]>
<[Link]>1.7</[Link]>
<[Link]>2.0</velocity-
[Link]>
<[Link]>9f96c74</webjars-hal-
[Link]>
<[Link]>0.32</webjars-
[Link]>
<[Link]>1.6.3</[Link]>
<[Link]>1.4.01</[Link]>
</properties>
Deﬁnes Maven 3.2.1 as the minimum version needed.

<prerequisites>
<maven>3.2.1</maven>
</prerequisites>
Master Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud

Checkout the Course Now!

Spring Boot Developer Tools
and Live Reload

When we develop web applications with Java, we had to restart the server to pick up
all changes. This kills productivity. Spring Boot Developers Tools provides solutions to
automatically pick up changes without a complete server restart. Lets get productive
with Spring Boot Developer Tools.

You will learn

How to use Spring Boot Developer Tools?
What kind of changes does Spring Boot Developer Tools pick up automatically?
How can you use Live Reload to be more productive?

Problem with Server Restarts

When we develop our applications (Web or RESTful API), we would want to be able to
test our changes quickly.

Typically, in the Java world, we need to restart the server to pick up the changes.

There are plugins like JRebel which help, but you need shell out $$$ for it.

Restarting server takes about 1 to 5 minutes based on the size of the application. A
typical developer does 30 - 40 restarts in a day. I leave it as an exercise to determine
how much time a developer can save if the changes are automatically picked up as
soon as I make a code change.

Thats where Spring Boot Developer Tools comes into picture.

Adding Spring Boot Developer Tools to Your Project

Adding Spring Boot Developer Tools to your project is very simple.
Add this dependency to your Spring Boot Project [Link]

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
Restart the application.

You are all Set.

Go ahead and make a simple change to your controller. You would see that these
changes are automatically picked up.

What kind of changes does Spring Boot Developer

Tools pick up?

By default, any entry on the classpath that points to a folder will be

monitored for changes.

Here are few important things to note:

These folders will not trigger reload by default

/META-INF/maven
/META-INF/resources
/resources
/static
/public
/templates

You can conﬁgure additional folders to scan.

[Link]

[Link]-paths = /path-to-folder
You can also conﬁgure folders to exclude.

[Link]=static/**,public/**

Auto refresh your browser with LiveReload

Spring Boot Developer Tools auto loads the changes to application. But if you are
developing a web application, you would need to refresh the browser to pickup the
change.

LiveReload aims to solve this problem

LiveReload offers extensions for browsers

Download from [Link]

Once you install the LiveReload plugin for your browser, you would see that the page
auto refreshes when you make a change in application code.

LiveReload is Technology in progress!! So, expect a few problems!

Logging with Spring Boot -
Logback, SLF4j and LOG4j2

Default Logging Framework with Spring Boot

Spring boot provides a default starter for logging - spring-boot-starter-
logging . It is included by default in spring-boot-starter which is included
in all other starters.

This means whenever you use any starters like spring-boot-

starter-web or spring-boot-starter-data-jpa , you get
logging for free!

Let’s look at what is present in the Logging Starter.

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>[Link].log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-to-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

As you can see the default logging framework is Logback with SLF4j as
implementation.

By default, all logging goes to console.

Conﬁgure Logging Levels

In [Link], we can use the “[Link]” preﬁx to set logging levels.

[Link]=DEBUG
[Link]=ERROR
Root logging level can be conﬁgured as shown below

[Link]=WARN

Conﬁguring a Log File

You can configure a log file by using logging.file property in [Link]. The
logging here would be in addition to the logging in console.

[Link]=\path_to\[Link]

Custom conﬁguration using [Link]

Spring Boot will pick up all custom conﬁguration using [Link] as long as it is in
the application class path.

Example code

[Link]("Your log - {}", value);

[Link]("debug - {}", value);
[Link]("info- {}", value);
[Link]("warn - {}", value);
[Link]("error - {}", value);

Using Log4j2 for logging with Spring Boot

We would need to exclude the dependency on spring-boot-starter-
logging and add a dependency on spring-boot-starter-log4j2 .

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-
logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
</dependency>
Let’s take a quick look at the dependencies in log4j2 starter.

<dependency>
<groupId>[Link].log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>[Link].log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>[Link].log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

Custom conﬁguration using [Link]

Spring Boot will pick up all custom conﬁguration using [Link] as long as it is in the
application class path.

You also have the option of using YAML or JSON with Log4j2.

YAML - [Link] or [Link]

JSON - [Link] or [Link]

However, you would need to include the appropriate dependency to handle

yaml(jackson-dataformat-yaml) or json(jackson-databind).
Introduction to Spring Data

We will look at the various options that Spring Data provides and a couple of examples
- Spring Data JPA and Spring Data Mongodb.

You will learn

Basics of Spring Data
Why is Spring Data needed?
What are the different interfaces provided by Spring Data?
How to get started with Spring Data?

What is Spring Data?

Think about the evolution of databases in the last few years.

When Spring Framework was created, in early 2000s, the only kind of database was
relational database - Oracle, MS SQL Server, My SQL etc. In the last few years, there are
a wide variety of databases that are getting popular - most of them not relational and
not using SQL. Wide variety of terminology is used to refer to these databases. NoSQL,
for example.

ORM frameworks (Hibernate) and speciﬁcations(JPA) were good ﬁt for the relational
databases. But, the newer databases, have different needs.

From [Link]

Spring Data’s mission is to provide a familiar and consistent, Spring-based

programming model for data access while still retaining the special traits
of the underlying data store. It makes it easy to use data access
technologies, relational and non-relational databases, map-reduce
frameworks, and cloud-based data services.

To make it simpler, Spring Data provides Abstractions (interfaces) you can use
irrespective of underlying data source.

Spring Data Commons

Spring Data Commons provides all the common abstractions that enable you to
connect with different data stores.

Crud Repository
The key interface in Spring Data Commons is CrudRepository . It provides
generic CRUD operations irrespective of the underlying data store. It extends
Repository which is the base class for all the repositories providing access to data
stores.

All the methods in the CrudRepository interface are shown below

public interface CrudRepository<T, ID> extends

Repository<T, ID> {
<S extends T> S save(S entity);

<S extends T> Iterable<S> saveAll(Iterable<S>

entities);

Optional<T> findById(ID id);

boolean existsById(ID id);

Iterable<T> findAll();

Iterable<T> findAllById(Iterable<ID> ids);

long count();
void deleteById(ID id);

void delete(T entity);

void deleteAll(Iterable<? extends T> entities);

void deleteAll(); }
The methods in the CrudRepository are self explanatory.

PagingAndSortingRepository
The other important interface in Spring Data is PagingAndSortingRepository.
PagingAndSortingRepository provides options to

Sort your data using Sort interface

Paginate your data using Pageable interface, which provides methods for
pagination - getPageNumber(), getPageSize(), next(), previousOrFirst() etc.

public abstract interface PagingAndSortingRepository extends CrudRepository {

public Iterable ﬁndAll(Sort sort);

public Page ﬁndAll(Pageable pageable);

Deﬁning Custom Repositories

You can create a custom repository extending any of the repository classes -
Repository, PagingAndSortingRepository or CrudRepository.

An example is shown below

interface PersonRepository extends CrudRepository<User,

Long> {

Deﬁning custom queries

Spring Data also provides the feature of query creation from interface method names.

Look at the example below:

List<Person> findByFirstNameAndLastname(String firstName,

String lastname);
Above method helps you search a data store by passing in the ﬁrst name and last
name of a person. This would generate the appropriate query for the data store to
return the person details.

You can ﬁnd more details in the spring data documentation

- [Link]
data/commons/docs/current/reference/html/#[Link]-
[Link]-creation

Auditing with Spring Data

Spring Data also provides auditing capabilities through simple annotations.

class Student {

@CreatedBy
private User createdUser;

@CreatedDate
private DateTime createdDate;

// … further properties omitted

}
There are corresponding annotations for updates as well

LastModiﬁedBy
LastModiﬁedDate

Spring Data Implementations

There are Spring Data Modules speciﬁc to the data store you would want to use.

Spring Data JPA - Connect to relational databases using ORM frameworks.

Spring Data MongoDB - Repositories for MongoDB.
Spring Data REST - Exposes HATEOAS RESTful resources around Spring Data
repositories.
Spring Data Redis - Repositories for Redis.

Spring Data JPA

Spring Data JPA helps you to connect to relational databases using ORM frameworks.

The dependency is shown below:

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>[Link]</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependencies>
The default JPA implementation used is Hibernate.

The core interface is the JpaRepository.

public interface JpaRepository<T, ID>

extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>,
QueryByExampleExecutor<T>
Some of the additional methods it provides (compared to
PagingAndSortingRepository) are shown below. As you can see, all these methods are
speciﬁc to JPA.

/**
* Saves an entity and flushes changes instantly.
*
* @param entity
* @return the saved entity
*/
<S extends T> S saveAndFlush(S entity);

/**
* Deletes the given entities in a batch which means it
will create a single {@link Query}. Assume that we will
clear
* the {@link [Link]} after the
call.
*
* @param entities
*/
void deleteInBatch(Iterable<T> entities);

/**
* Deletes all entities in a batch call.
*/
void deleteAllInBatch();

Spring Data REST

Spring Data REST can be used to expose HATEOAS RESTful resources around Spring
Data repositories.

An example using JPA is shown below

@RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel = "todos",
path = "todos")
public interface TodoRepository
extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Todo,
Long> {
A few example REST Services are shown below:

POST
URL : [Link]
Use Header : Content-Type:application/json

Request Content

{
"user": "Jill",
"desc": "Learn Hibernate",
"done": false
}
Response Content

{
"user": "Jill",
"desc": "Learn Hibernate",
"done": false,
"_links": {
"self": {
"href": "[Link]
},
"todo": {
"href": "[Link]
}
}
}
The response contains the href of the newly created resource.

GET
URI - [Link]

Response
{
"_embedded" : {
"todos" : [ {
"user" : "Jill",
"desc" : "Learn Hibernate",
"done" : false,
"_links" : {
"self" : {
"href" : "[Link]
},
"todo" : {
"href" : "[Link]
}
}
} ]
},
"_links" : {
"self" : {
"href" : "[Link]
},
"profile" : {
"href" : "[Link]
},
"search" : {
"href" : "[Link]
}
},
"page" : {
"size" : 20,
"totalElements" : 1,
"totalPages" : 1,
"number" : 0
}
}
GET to [Link]
{
"user" : "Jill",
"desc" : "Learn Hibernate",
"done" : false,
"_links" : {
"self" : {
"href" : "[Link]
},
"todo" : {
"href" : "[Link]
}
}
}
Spring Data Rest also supports search using column names

Example - [Link]

Spring Data Rest can be extended by deﬁning custom methods in the

repositories.[Link] be used
expose speciﬁc search method deﬁned below.

@RepositoryRestResource(collectionResourceRel = "todos",
path = "todos")
public interface TodoRepository
extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Todo,
Long> {

List<Todo> findByUser(@Param("user") String user);

}
Spring Data REST supports

Spring Data JPA

Spring Data MongoDB
Spring Data Neo4j
Spring Data GemFire
Spring Data Cassandra

Spring Data MongoDB

Spring Data MongoDB provides support for using MongoDB as data store.

The key interface is MongoRepository.

public interface MongoRepository<T, ID> extends

PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>,
QueryByExampleExecutor<T>
Some of the important methods (provided in addition to PagingAndSortingRepository)
are shown below. You can see examples of search by example.

/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see
[Link]
cutor#findAll([Link])
*/
@Override
<S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> example);

/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see
[Link]
cutor#findAll([Link],
[Link])
*/
@Override
<S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> example,
Sort sort);
Introduction to Web Services -
Restful and SOAP

You will learn

What is a web service?
What are the advantages of web services?
What are the different types of web services?
What are RESTful web services?
What are SOAP web services?

What is a Web Service?

Service delivered over the web

Is this really a complete deﬁnition. Is everything thats delivered over the web “Web
Service”?

Let’s consider a web application we developed for our Spring MVC Course to manage
todo’s.
Is this application a web service?

Nope. The answer is no. This is a web application. Not a web service.

We are back to square one.

What is a web service?

How is it different from a web application?

To understand this, lets consider an example.

Mark Zuckerberg likes the web application we developed to manage todo’s. He thinks
that our todo application is a right ﬁt to integrate into facebook to manage todo’s. Can
we use the existing application to do the integration? No.

Why? Because the existing application is designed for humans - other individuals. The
output of the application is html which is rendered by browser to the end user. This is
not designed for other applications.

What would be the difference in my thinking if I want to design the todo application
so that other applications can interact with it?

I would need to produce the output in the format that the consumers can
understand. Then facebook can call my web service and integrate it.

That leads use to - W3C deﬁnition of a Web Service

Software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine

interaction over a network.

The key things to understand is

Web services are designed for machine-to-machine (or application-to-application)

interaction
Web services should be interoperable - Not platform dependent
Web services should allow communication over a network

Web Service Data Exchange Formats

Facebook wants to talk to Todo Application

Facebook is built on a variety of languages - PHP is used for the front-end, Erlang is
used for Chat, Java and C++ are also used.
Todo Application is build on Java using Spring MVC

You can see that Facebook and the Todo Application use different implementation
technologies. However, we would want them to talk to each other as shown in the
picture below:

Both applications should be able to understand the request and response.

So, what formats should we use for the request and response?

They should be standard formats so that they can be used with varied kind
of platforms. JSON and XML are quite popular Data Exchange formats.

Types of Web Services

Not really types but a broad classiﬁcation

SOAP
REST

These are not really mutually exclusive. Some SOAP services can actually be RESTful.
So, the question is:

When does a web service become a SOAP Web service or a RESTful web
service?

SOAP
SOAP was earlier an abbreviation for Simple Object Access Protocol. In SOAP, the
request and response are in XML format. However, not all types of XML are valid SOAP
Requests.

SOAP defines a standard XML format. We will use WSDL (Web Service Definition
Language) to define the format of request xml and the response xml.

Now lets say Facebook wants to know how to call the TODO Service? What should I
give to the Facebook developer?

I will give him a WSDL of the Todo service. It will explain:

What are the different services (operations) exposed by the server?

How can a service (operation) be called? What url to use? (also called End Point).
What should the structure of request xml?
What should be the structure of response xml?
SOAP format deﬁnes a SOAP-Envelope which envelopes the entire document.

SOAP-Header (optional) contains any information needed to identify the request.

Also, part of the Header is authentication, authorization information (signatures,
encrypted information etc).
SOAP-Body contains the real xml content of request or response.
In case of error response, server responds back with SOAP-Fault.

Isn’t that cool?

REST
First of all, REST does not deﬁne a standard message exchange format. You can build
REST services with both XML and JSON. However, JSON is a more popular format with
REST.

So, if it does not deﬁne a standard message exchange format, what is REST then?

REST is a style of software architecture for distributed hypermedia systems

REST stands for REpresentational State Transfer. The deﬁnitions for REST can be vague.
So, lets understand the important concepts.

Key abstraction in REST is a Resource. There is no restriction on what can be a

resource. A todo is a resource. A person on facebook is a resource.

A resource has an URI (Uniform Resource Identiﬁer):

/user/Ranga/todos/1
/person/Ranga

A resource will have representations

XML
HTML
JSON
A resource will have state. The representation of a resource should capture its current
state.

When a resource is requested, we provide the representation of the resource.

REST and HTTP

REST builds on top of HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTP is the language of the
web.

HTTP has a few important verbs.

POST - Create a new resource

GET - Read a resource
PUT - Update an existing resource
DELETE - Delete a resource

HTTP also deﬁnes standard response codes.

200 - SUCESS
404 - RESOURCE NOT FOUND
400 - BAD REQUEST
201 - CREATED
401 - UNAUTHORIZED
415 - UNSUPPORTED TYPE - Representation not supported for the resource
500 - SERVER ERROR

Restful Service Constraints

Client - Server : There should be a service producer and a service consumer.

The interface (URL) is uniform and exposing resources. Interface uses nouns (not
actions)
The service is stateless. Even if the service is called 10 times, the result must be the
same.
The service result should be Cacheable. HTTP cache, for example.
Service should assume a Layered architecture. Client should not assume direct
connection to server - it might be getting info from a middle layer - cache.

Richardson Maturity Model

Richardson Maturity Model deﬁnes the maturity level of a Restful Web Service.
Following are the different levels and their characteristics.

Level 0 : Expose SOAP web services in REST style. Expose action based services

([Link]
/doThat etc) using REST.
Level 1 : Expose Resources with proper URI’s (using nouns).
Ex: [Link] However, HTTP Methods are
not used.
Level 2 : Resources use proper URI’s + HTTP Methods. For example, to update an
account, you do a PUT to . The create an account, you do a POST to . Uri’s look like
posts/1/comments/5 and accounts/1/friends/1.
Level 3 : HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the engine of application state). You will tell not
only about the information being requested but also about the next possible
actions that the service consumer can do. When requesting information about a
facebook user, a REST service can return user details along with information about
how to get his recent posts, how to get his recent comments and how to retrieve
his friend’s list.

Designing RESTful APIs

Following are the important things to consider when designing RESTful API’s:

While designing any API, the most important thing is to think about the api
consumer i.e. the client who is going to use the service. What are his needs? Does
the service uri make sense to him? Does the request, response format make sense
to him?
In Rest, we think Nouns (resources) and NOT Verbs (NOT actions). So, URI’s should
represent resources. URI’s should be hierarchical and as self descriptive as possible.
Prefer plurals.
Always use HTTP Methods.
GET : Should not update anything. Should be idempotent (same result in
multiple calls). Possible Return Codes 200 (OK) + 404 (NOT FOUND) +400 (BAD
REQUEST)
POST : Should create new resource. Ideally return JSON with link to newly
created resource. Same return codes as get possible. In addition : Return code
201 (CREATED) is possible.
PUT : Update a known resource. ex: update client details. Possible Return Codes
: 200(OK)
DELETE : Used to delete a resource.

REST vs SOAP
REST vs SOAP are not really comparable. REST is an architectural style. SOAP is a
message exchange format.

Let’s compare the popular implementations of REST and SOAP styles.

RESTful Sample Implementation : JSON over HTTP

SOAP Sample Implementation : XML over SOAP over HTTP

Following are the important things to consider:

REST is built over simple HTTP protocol. SOAP services are more complex to
implement and more complex to consume.
REST has better performance and scalability. REST reads can be cached, SOAP based
reads cannot be cached.
REST permits many different data formats (JSON is the most popular choice) where
as SOAP only permits XML.
SOAP services have well deﬁned structure and interface (WSDL) and has a set of
well deﬁned standards (WS-Security, WS-AtomicTransaction and WS-
ReliableMessaging). Documentation standards with REST are evolving(We will use
Swagger in this course).

Advantages of Web Services

Reuse : Mark Zuckerberg does not need to invest to build a todo application of his
own.
Modularity
Language Neutral

Webservices form the building blocks of SOA and microservices architectures.

SOAP Service Examples

Request
<Envelope
xmlns="[Link]
<Body>
<getCourseDetailsRequest

xmlns="[Link]
<id>Course1</id>
</getCourseDetailsRequest>
</Body>
</Envelope>

Response

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-
ENV="[Link]
<SOAP-ENV:Header/>
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<ns2:getCourseDetailsResponse
xmlns:ns2="[Link]
<ns2:course>
<ns2:id>Course1</ns2:id>
<ns2:name>Spring</ns2:name>
<ns2:description>10 Steps</ns2:description>
</ns2:course>
</ns2:getCourseDetailsResponse>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

Fault

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-
ENV="[Link]
<SOAP-ENV:Header/>
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<SOAP-ENV:Fault>
<faultcode>SOAP-ENV:Server</faultcode>
<faultstring
xml:lang="en">[Link]</faultstring>
</SOAP-ENV:Fault>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

WSDL
view-source:[Link]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>

<wsdl:definitions
xmlns:wsdl="[Link]
xmlns:sch="[Link]
xmlns:soap="[Link]
xmlns:tns="[Link]
targetNamespace="[Link]
<wsdl:types>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="[Link]
elementFormDefault="qualified"
targetNamespace="[Link]

<xs:element name="getCourseDetailsRequest">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="id" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>

<xs:element name="getCourseDetailsResponse">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="course"
type="tns:course"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>

<xs:complexType name="course">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="id"

type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="description"
type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
</wsdl:types>
<wsdl:message name="getCourseDetailsRequest">
<wsdl:part element="tns:getCourseDetailsRequest"
name="getCourseDetailsRequest">
</wsdl:part>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="getCourseDetailsResponse">
<wsdl:part element="tns:getCourseDetailsResponse"
name="getCourseDetailsResponse">
</wsdl:part>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name="CoursesPort">
<wsdl:operation name="getCourseDetails">
<wsdl:input message="tns:getCourseDetailsRequest"
name="getCourseDetailsRequest">
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output message="tns:getCourseDetailsResponse"
name="getCourseDetailsResponse">
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
<wsdl:binding name="CoursesPortSoap11"
type="tns:CoursesPort">
<soap:binding style="document"
transport="[Link]
<wsdl:operation name="getCourseDetails">
<soap:operation soapAction=""/>
<wsdl:input name="getCourseDetailsRequest">
<soap:body

use="literal"/>
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="getCourseDetailsResponse">
<soap:body use="literal"/>
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
<wsdl:service name="CoursesPortService">
<wsdl:port binding="tns:CoursesPortSoap11"
name="CoursesPortSoap11">
<soap:address location="[Link]
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>
Become an expert on Spring Boot, APIs, Microservices and Full
Stack Development

Checkout the Complete in28Minutes Course Guide

Common questions

Spring Boot enhances testing capabilities by providing the spring-boot-starter-test dependency, which integrates testing libraries like JUnit and Mockito seamlessly, enabling unit and integration testing . Traditional Spring configurations require manual setup and compatibility checks for these libraries, whereas Spring Boot simplifies this through its starter projects that manage dependencies and their versions automatically, reducing configuration overhead . Additionally, Spring Boot facilitates dependency injection, making it easier to test applications by allowing mocks to be injected into components for testing purposes .

Spring Boot's auto-configuration features offer significant advantages by reducing the need for extensive manual setup and configuration in traditional Spring applications . Auto-configuration automatically configures beans based on the jars present in the classpath, eliminating the need for developers to write boilerplate configuration code for commonly used libraries and components like data sources or embedded servlet containers . This streamlines the setup process, minimizes potential errors related to configuration, and accelerates development by allowing developers to focus more on writing business logic rather than configuration management . Furthermore, Spring Boot provides a range of starter projects that pre-package compatible dependencies, making it easy to get started with various application types without worrying about dependency management ."}

Using embedded servlet containers like Tomcat with Spring Boot offers several advantages over traditional deployment strategies. Firstly, it simplifies the deployment process by eliminating the need for an external application server, allowing the application to be self-contained and run independently . Spring Boot automatically configures an embedded servlet container, facilitating quick startup and reducing configuration overhead . Additionally, it allows developers to choose between different containers such as Undertow or Jetty, providing flexibility based on application needs . This approach supports creating production-ready applications swiftly while ensuring all dependencies are compatible and required components are auto-configured ."}

Spring Boot simplifies the integration of modular frameworks by offering starter projects that encapsulate the necessary dependencies and configurations for specific frameworks like Spring Data JPA, Spring Security, and more. These starter projects ensure that compatible versions are used and reduce the complexity of manual setup and configuration usually needed when integrating these technologies with standard Spring applications. Furthermore, Spring Boot’s auto-configuration automatically adjusts and configures the application context based on available dependencies, streamlining integration processes by handling most of the required setup internally .

Setting Java version properties in the Maven configuration ensures that the project is compiled and executed with a specific Java version, which can be critical for maintaining compatibility and leveraging new Java language features. In Spring Boot, the 'spring-boot-starter-parent' pom specifies a default Java version, which can be overridden to align with the needs of the specific project or when using features not available in the default version. This specification ensures consistency across different environments and prevents runtime issues that might occur from version mismatches in the codebase .

Spring Boot is considered an advancement over the traditional Spring MVC framework because it simplifies the setup process by incorporating automatic configuration and dependency management. It offers starter projects that handle dependencies and configuration automatically, reducing the need for manual setup of compatible versions of frameworks like Spring MVC, Jackson, Hibernate Validator, and logging frameworks . This makes it particularly appealing for beginners as they do not need to configure individual components like dispatcher servlets or data sources, which is a requirement in Spring MVC . Additionally, Spring Boot provides embedded solutions like Tomcat, allowing applications to run without separate server setup, enhancing ease of development for new users .

Spring Boot's Initializr tool streamlines the creation of new Spring applications by providing a simple user interface to bootstrap projects with various starter dependencies, eliminating the need to manually configure and manage compatible versions of dependencies. This tool supports a wide range of starter projects, such as spring-boot-starter-web for web applications and spring-boot-starter-data-jpa for database interactions . Additionally, it automates the inclusion of necessary dependencies and configurations, like embedded servers and auto-configuration features, allowing developers to focus on building application logic rather than setup tasks ."}

The `@SpringBootApplication` annotation in Spring Boot serves as a convenient shorthand for three critical annotations: `@Configuration`, `@EnableAutoConfiguration`, and `@ComponentScan`. This annotation initializes Spring Boot's auto-configuration mechanism to set up the standard configurations required for an application based on the dependencies present in the classpath . It also triggers the scanning of components, enabling Spring's Dependency Injection to automatically wire the beans defined in the application . Specifically, it sets up the Spring Application context and makes it ready to run, effectively simplifying the setup and reducing boilerplate code necessary for configuration .

The Spring Boot Starter Parent simplifies dependency management by defining a consistent version for all managed dependencies through inheritance from the spring-boot-dependencies parent POM, which includes a comprehensive set of versions for common libraries . It automates configuration settings such as Java version, encoding, and build configurations, reducing the need for manual setup by specifying defaults for various build plugins, like maven-surefire-plugin for testing . This allows for easier project setup and maintenance, as developers do not need to manually manage individual dependency versions, ensuring compatibility and reducing errors related to dependency conflicts . This parent POM also provides a standardized project structure and configuration, aiding in the rapid development of Spring Boot applications .

Spring Boot 'Starter Projects' simplify the development of web applications by providing a set of convenient dependency descriptors that automatically include all necessary libraries and configurations needed for specific types of applications, such as web applications. This eliminates the need for developers to manually search for compatible frameworks and dependencies or set up configurations . For example, the spring-boot-starter-web includes everything needed to create a web application, such as Spring MVC, Jackson for JSON binding, and an embedded Tomcat servlet container, all pre-configured and ready to use . Additionally, Spring Boot handles auto-configuration, which further simplifies the setup by automatically configuring beans that the application might need . This approach drastically reduces boilerplate code and speeds up the development process ."

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