LAB MANUAL
COMPILER LAB
VIII SEM BTECH (CSE/IT)
CP 452 COMPILER LAB C(L,T,P) = 2 (0,0,2+2)
1,2 Write a Program to identify data storage statements in an 8086 assembly language program and
estimate the size of data segment.
1. Write a program to identify macro definitions in an assembly language program.
4,5. Extend the above program to implement simple and recursive macro expansion.
6. Write a program to process ‘include’ and ‘define’ macro in C language.
7, 8 Write a program to parse source code string of C-language and identify token in terms of keywords
and identifiers.
9. Construct parse tree of arithmetic statements in C language program.
10. Write a program to optimize the source program for ’operator strength reduction’, ‘dead code
elimination’ and frequency reduction’ transformation.
11, 12 Design a simple high level language containing arithmetic and logic operations pointers, branch
and loop instructions. Write its lexical analyzer using lex.
PROGRAM1
AIM: Write a program to identify data storage statements in an 8086 assembly language
program.
// Source.C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct source
{
char label[10],instr[10],operand[10];
}src;
struct pseudo
{
char code[10];
}ps;
struct result
{
intaddr;
char label[10],instr[10],operand[10];
}rst;
int detect(char search[10])
{
FILE *p;
p=fopen("pseudo.txt","r");
while(!feof(p))
{
fscanf(p,"%s",ps.code);
if(strcmp(search,ps.code)==0)
{
fclose(p);
return 1;
}
}
fclose(p);
return 0;
}
void main()
{
FILE *s,*r;
int d=0,addr;
clrscr();
s=fopen("source.txt","r");
r=fopen("result.txt","w");
while(!feof(s))
{
fscanf(s,"%s%s%s",src.label,src.instr,src.operand);
d=detect(src.instr);
if(d==1)
{
if(strcmp(src.instr,"START")==0)
addr=atoi(src.operand);
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"WORD")==0)
addr=rst.addr+3;
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"RESW")==0)
addr=rst.addr+(atoi(src.operand)*3);
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"RESB")==0)
addr=rst.addr+atoi(src.operand);
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"BYTE")==0)
addr=rst.addr+(strlen(src.operand)-3);
else
addr=rst.addr+3;
strcpy(rst.label,src.label);
strcpy(rst.instr,src.instr);
strcpy(rst.operand,src.operand);
fprintf(r,"%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",rst.addr,rst.label,rst.instr,rst.operand);
rst.addr=addr;
}
else
{
printf("Error Encounted");
fclose(s);
fclose(r);
getch();
}
}
fclose(s);
fclose(r);
getch();
}
Output
Input File 1: Pseudo.txt
START
READ
WORD
BYTE
RESW
RESB
END
Input File 2: Source.txt
NULL START 1000
A RESB 100
LOOP READ A
B BYTE C"LOOP"
C WORD 100
G RESW 5
NULL END NULL
Output File: result.txt
0 NULL START 1000
1000 A RESB 100
1100 LOOP READ A
1103 B BYTE C"LOOP"
1107 C WORD 100
1110 G RESW 5
1125 NULL END NULL
PROGRAM 2
AIM: Write a program to identify data storage statements in an 8086 assembly language
program and estimate the size of data segment.
// Source.C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct source
{
char label[10],instr[10],operand[10];
}src;
struct pseudo
{
char code[10];
}ps;
struct result
{
intaddr;
char label[10],instr[10],operand[10];
}rst;
int detect(char search[10])
{
FILE *p;
p=fopen("pseudo.txt","r");
while(!feof(p))
{
fscanf(p,"%s",ps.code);
if(strcmp(search,ps.code)==0)
{
fclose(p);
return 1;
}
}
fclose(p);
return 0;
}
void main()
{
FILE *s,*r;
int d=0,addr;
clrscr();
s=fopen("source.txt","r");
r=fopen("result.txt","w");
while(!feof(s))
{
fscanf(s,"%s%s%s",src.label,src.instr,src.operand);
d=detect(src.instr);
if(d==1)
{
if(strcmp(src.instr,"START")==0){
addr=atoi(s.operand);
size=0;
}
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"WORD")==0){
addr=rst.addr+3;
size=addr-res.address;
}
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"RESW")==0){
addr=rst.addr+(atoi(src.operand)*3);
size=addr-res.address;
}
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"RESB")==0){
addr=rst.addr+atoi(src.operand);
size=addr-res.address;
}
else if(strcmp(src.instr,"BYTE")==0){
addr=rst.addr+(strlen(src.operand)-3);
size=addr-res.address;
}
else{
addr=rst.addr+3;
size=addr-res.address;
}
strcpy(rst.label,src.label);
strcpy(rst.instr,src.instr);
strcpy(rst.operand,src.operand);
fprintf(r,"%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",rst.addr,rst.label,rst.instr,rst.operand);
rst.addr=addr;
}
else
{
printf("Error Encounted");
fclose(s);
fclose(r);
getch();
}
}
fclose(s);
fclose(r);
getch();
}
Input File 1: Pseudo.txt
START
READ
WORD
BYTE
RESW
RESB
END
Input File 2: Source.txt
NULL START 1000
A RESB 100
LOOP READ A
B BYTE C"LOOP"
C WORD 100
G RESW 5
NULL END NULL
Output File :Result.txt
Addr Label Operand Instr Size
0 NULL START 1000 0
1000 A RESB 100 100 100
1100 LOOP READ A 0 0
1103 B BYTE C"LOOP" 4
1107 C WORD 100 3
1110 G RESW 5 15 15
1125 NULL END NULL 0 0
PROGRAM 3
AIM: Write a program to identify macro definitions in an assembly language program.
//Macro.C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct source
{
char label[10], instr[10], operand[20];
}src;
struct result
{
char label[10],instr[10], operand[20];
}rst;
void main()
{
FILE *s,*r;
clrscr();
s=fopen("source1.txt","r");
r=fopen("resultmacro.txt","w");
while(!feof(s))
{
fscanf(s,"%s%s%s",src.label,src.instr,src.operand);
if(strcmp(src.instr,"MACRO")==0)
{
while(strcmp(src.instr,"MEND")!=0)
{
fprintf(r,"%s\t%s\t%s\n",rst.label,rst.instr,rst.operand);
strcpy(rst.label,src.label);
strcpy(rst.instr,src.instr);
strcpy(rst.operand,src.operand);
fscanf(s,"%s%s%s",src.label,src.instr,src.operand);
}
}
}
printf("MACRO Completed");
fclose(s);
fclose(r);
getch();
}
Input File: Source.txt
NULL MACRO INCR&A,&B,®2=BREG
NULL MOVER ®2,&A
NULL SUB ®2,&B
NULL MOVEM ®2,&A
NULL MEND NULL
NULL START 100
NULL READ N1
NULL READ N2
NULL INCR N1,N2
NULL END
Output File: Result.txt
NULL MACRO INCR&A,&B,®2=BREGNULL
NULL MOVER ®2,&A
NULL SUB ®2,&B
PROGRAM 4 and 5
AIM: Write a program to extend the third program to implement simple macro expansion.
//Source.C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<dos.h>
structmnt
char name[20];
intmdtindex;
intSkipFlag;
}mnt[10];
structmdt
intsrno;
charinst[20];
}mdt[10];
structala
int index;
chararg[20];
}ala[10];
intmntc,mdtc,alac;
char *replace_str(char *str, char *orig, char *rep)
static char buffer[4096];
char *p;
if(!(p = strstr(str, orig))) // Is 'orig' even in 'str'?
returnstr;
strncpy(buffer, str, p-str); // Copy characters from 'str' start to 'orig' st$
buffer[p-str] = '\0';
sprintf(buffer+(p-str),"%s%s",rep,p+strlen(orig));
if(!(p = strstr(buffer, orig))) // Is 'orig' even in 'buffer'?
return buffer;
else
replace_str(buffer,orig,rep);
voiddispALA()
int i;
printf("\nIndex\tArgument");
printf("\n------------------");
for(i=0;i<alac;i++)
printf("\n %d %s",ala[i].index,ala[i].arg);
voiddispMDT()
int i;
printf("\nIndex\tArgument");
printf("\n------------------");
for(i=0;i<mdtc;i++)
printf("\n %d %s",mdt[i].srno,mdt[i].inst);
void pass1()
char ch,ch1;
int flag=1;
int i=0,j=0,k=0,l=0;
char token[10],token1[10];
char temp[5],temp1[5];
chartline[80],line[80];
FILE *src;
FILE *dest;
clrscr();
strcpy(temp,"#");
src = fopen("MACRO.txt","r");
dest = fopen("op.c","w");
do{
do{
ch = fgetc(src);
token[i] = ch;
i++;
}while(ch!=EOF && !isspace(ch));
token[i-1] = '\0';
if(!strcmp(token,"macro"))
do{
ch1 = fgetc(src);
token1[j] = ch1;
j++;
}while(ch1!=EOF && !isspace(ch1));
token1[j-1] = '\0';
strcpy(mnt[mntc].name,token1);
mnt[mntc].mdtindex = mdtc;
mntc++;
if(ch1=='\n')
mnt[mntc-1].SkipFlag = 1;
goto Mid;
}
//-------------------------------------
//Create ALA
//-------------------------------------
do{ //ALA Content
ch1 = fgetc(src);
if(ch1=='&')
flag=1;
if(ch1==','||ch1=='\n')
token1[k]='\0';
flag=0;
ala[alac].index = alac;
strcpy(ala[alac].arg,token1);
alac++;
k=0;
if(flag==1)
token1[k++] = ch1;
}while(ch1!=EOF && ch1!='\n');
//-----------------------------------------
Mid:
flag=1;
j=0;
do
line[0]='\0';
do{ //MDT
ch1 = fgetc(src);
line[j++]=ch1;
while(ch1!=EOF && ch1!='\n');
line[j-1]='\0';
for(l = 0 ;l<alac;l++)
sprintf(temp1,"%d",l); //0
strcat(temp,temp1); //#0
sprintf(tline,"%s",replace_str(line,ala[l].arg,temp));
// if(strcmp(tline,""))
strcpy(line,tline);
strcpy(temp,"#");
strcpy(mdt[mdtc].inst,line);
mdt[mdtc].srno = mdtc;
mdtc++;
j=0;
}while(strcmp(line,"mend"));
ch = ' ';
}//end if
else
fprintf(dest,"%s",token);
//---------------------------------------------------------------
if(ch=='\n')
fprintf(dest,"\n");
if(ch==' ')
fprintf(dest," ");
//----------------------------------------------------------------
if(isspace(ch))
token[0]='\0';
i=0;
else
token[0]= ch;
token[1]= '\0';
i=1;
}while(ch!=EOF); //Outer od
fclose(src);
fclose(dest);
//----------------------------------------------------------------
voiddisp()
int i;
charch;
FILE *src;
src = fopen("op.c","r");
do{
ch = fgetc(src);
printf("%c",ch);
}while(ch!=EOF);
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------
void pass2()
charch;
int counter=0;
intstart_index;
char ch1,ch2,pch; //comment validation
intlen,flag=0,sflag=0;
int i = 0,j=0,k=0,l=0;
char token[10];
char token1[10];
char temp[5],temp1[5];
chartline[80];
char line[80];
charrepl[10];
FILE *src;
alac = 0;
strcpy(temp,"#");
src = fopen("op.c","r");
do
do{ //For Seperate Token
ch = fgetc(src);
token[i] = ch;
i++;
}while(ch!=EOF && !isspace(ch));
token[i-1] = '\0';
//--------------------------------------------
for(j=0;j<mntc;j++)
if(!strcmp(token,mnt[j].name)) //if token="mac1"
sflag = 1;
start_index = mnt[j].mdtindex;
if(mnt[j].SkipFlag==1)
goto Next;
do{ //Modify ALA Content
ch1 = fgetc(src);
flag=1;
if(ch1==','||ch1=='\n')
token1[k]='\0';
flag=0;
ala[alac].index = alac;
strcpy(ala[alac].arg,token1);
alac++;
k=0;
counter++;
if(flag==1)
token1[k++] = ch1;
}while(ch1!=EOF && ch1!='\n');
//-----------------------------------------
Next:
k = counter;
do
strcpy(line,mdt[start_index].inst);
if(!strcmp(line,"mend"))
break;
for(l=0;l<k;l++)
strcpy(temp,"#");
sprintf(temp1,"%d",l); //temp1 = "0"
strcat(temp,temp1); //temp = "#" before now temp = "#0"
strcpy(repl,ala[l].arg); //repl = 10
sprintf(tline,"%s",replace_str(line,temp,repl));
if(strcmp(tline,""))
strcpy(line,tline);
printf("\n%s",line);
start_index++;
}while(strcmp(line,"mend"));
printf("\n");
sflag = 1;
}//end if
if(sflag==0)
printf("%s",token);
if(ch=='\n')
printf("\n");
if(ch==' ')
printf(" ");
if(isspace(ch))
token[0]='\0';
i=0;
else
token[0]= ch;
token[1]= '\0';
i=1;
sflag = 0;
counter = 0;
alac = 0;
token1[0] = '\0';
k = 0;
}while(ch!=EOF);
fclose(src);
//-----------------------------------
void main()
clrscr();
pass1();
printf("\n---------------------------");
printf("\nInput Program : ");
printf("\n---------------------------\n");
disp();
printf("\n---------------------------");
printf("\nContent of ALA : ");
printf("\n---------------------------\n");
dispALA();
printf("\n---------------------------");
printf("\nContent of MDT : ");
printf("\n---------------------------\n");
dispMDT();
printf("\n----------------------------\n");
pass2();
getch();
Input File:OP.C
MACRO
TEST &X, &Y, &Z
AIF (&Y EQ &X) .ONLY
MOVER AREG,&Y
AGO .LAST
.ONLYMOVER AREG, &Z
.LASTMEND
Output File:Macro.txt
MACRO
TEST &X, &Y, &Z
AIF (&Y EQ &X) .ONLY
MOVER AREG,&Y
AGO .LAST
.ONLY MOVER AREG, &Z
.LAST MEND
PROGRAM 7and 8
AIM: Write a program to parse source code string of C-language and identify token in
terms ofkeywords and identifiers.
//Source.C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include
#include
FILE *fp;
char delim[14]={' ','\t','\n',',',';','(',')','{','}','[',']','#','<','>'};
char oper[7]={'+','-','*','/','%','=','!'};
char key[21]
[12]={"int","float","char","double","bool","void","extern","unsigned","goto","static","class",
"struct","for","if","else","return","register","long","while","do"};
char predirect[2][12]={"include","define"};
char header[6][15]={"stdio.h","conio.h","malloc.h","process.h","string.h","ctype.h"};
void skipcomment();
void analyze();
void check(char []);
int isdelim(char);
int isop(char);
int fop=0,numflag=0,f=0;
char c,ch,sop;
void main()
{
char fname[12];
clrscr();
printf("\n enter filename:");
scanf("%s",fname);
fp=fopen(fname,"r");
if(fp==NULL)
printf("\n the file does not exist");
else
analyze();
printf("\n end of file \n");
getch();
}
void analyze()
{
char token[50];
int j=0;
while(!feof(fp))
{
c=getc(fp);
if(c=='/')
{
//skip comment();
}
else if(c==’ ‘)
while((c=getc(fp))!="");
else if(isalpha(c))
{
if(numflag==1)
{
token[j]='\0';
check(token);
numflag=0;
j=0;
f=0;
}
else
{
token[j]=c;
j++;
}
if(f==0)
f=1;
}
else if(isalnum(c))
{
if(numflag==0)
numflag=1;
token[j]=c;
j++;
}
else
{
if(isdelim(c))
{
if(numflag==1)
{
token[j]='\0';
check(token);
numflag=0;
}
if(f==1)
{
token[j]='\0';
numflag=0;
check(token);
}
j=0;
f=0;
printf("\n delimiters \t%c",c);
}
else if(isop(c))
{
if(numflag==1)
{
token[j]='\0';
check(token);
numflag=0;
j=0;
f=0;
}
if(f==1)
{
token[j]='\0';
j=0;
f=0;
numflag=0;
check(token);
}
if(fop==1)
{
fop=0;
printf("\n operator \t %c%c",c,sop);
}
else
printf("\n operator \t%c",c);
}
else if(c=='.')
{
token[j]=c;
j++;
}
}
}
}
int isdelim(char c)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<14;i++)
{
if(c==delim[i])
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int isop(char c)
{
int i,j;
char ch;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{
if(c==oper[i])
{
ch=getc(fp);
for(j=0;j<6;j++)
{
if(ch==oper[j])
{
fop=1;
sop=ch;
return 1;
}
}
ungetc(ch,fp);
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
void check(char t[])
{
int i;
if(numflag==1)
{
printf("\n number \t\t%s",t);
return;
}
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
if(strcmp(t,predirect[i])==0)
{
printf("\n preprocessor directive %s",t);
return;
}
}
for(i=0;i<6;i++)
{
if(strcmp(t,header[i])==0)
{
printf("\n header file \t%s",t);
return;
}
}
for(i=0;i<21;i++)
{
if(strcmp(key[i],t)==0)
{
printf("\n keyword \t\t%s",key[i]);
return;
}
}
printf("\n identifier \t%s",t);
}
void skipcomment()
{
ch=getc(fp);
if(ch=='/')
{
while((ch=getc(fp))!='\0');
}
else if(ch=='*')
{
while(f==0)
{
ch=getc(fp);
if(c=='/')
f=1;
}
}
f=0;
}
Inpt File:Source.C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
int i;
char *p,*r;
charstr[30];
clrscr();
printf("Enter the string:");
gets(&str);
p=str;
r=p;
while(*p!='\0')
p++;
p=p-1;
printf("Reverse is:");
while (p>=r)
{
printf("%c",*p);
p--;
getch();
Output File:Result.txt
delimiters #
preprocessor directive include
delimiters <
header file stdio.h
delimiters >
delimiters
delimiters #
preprocessor directive include
delimiters <
header file conio.h
delimiters >
delimiters #
preprocessor directive include
delimiters <
header file conio.h
delimiters >
delimiters
delimiters #
preprocessor directive include
delimiters <
header file string.h
delimiters >
delimiters
keyword void
delimiters
identifier main
delimiters (
delimiters )
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters {
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
keyword int
delimiters
identifier i
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
keyword char
delimiters
operator *
identifier p
delimiters ,
operator *
identifier r
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
keyword char
delimiters
identifier str
delimiters [
number 30
delimiters ]
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
identifier clrscr
delimiters (
delimiters )
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier printf
delimiters (
identifier Enter
delimiters
identifier the
delimiters
identifier string
delimiters )
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
identifier gets
delimiters (
identifier str
delimiters )
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier p
operator =
identifier str
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier r
operator =
identifier p
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
keyword while
delimiters (
operator *
identifier p
operator !=
operator !
number 0
delimiters )
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier p
operator ++
operator +
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier p
operator =
identifier p
operator -
number 1
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier printf
delimiters (
identifier Reverse
delimiters
identifier is
delimiters )
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
keyword while
delimiters
delimiters (
identifier p
delimiters >
operator =
identifier r
delimiters )
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters {
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier printf
delimiters (
operator %
identifier c
delimiters ,
operator *
identifier p
delimiters )
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier p
operator --
operator -
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters }
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
identifier getch
delimiters (
delimiters )
delimiters ;
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters
delimiters }
Program 9
Aim :Lexical Analyzer
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void keyword(char str[10])
{ if(strcmp("for",str)==0||strcmp("while",str)==0||strcmp("do",str)==0||
strcmp("int",str)==0||strcmp("float",str)==0||strcmp("char",str)==0||
strcmp("double",str)==0||strcmp("static",str)==0||strcmp("switch",str)==0||
strcmp("case",str)==0)
printf("\n%s is a keyword",str);
else
printf("\n%s is an identifier",str);
main()
FILE *f1,*f2,*f3;
char c,str[10],st1[10];
int num[100],lineno=0,tokenvalue=0,i=0,j=0,k=0;
printf("\nEnter the c program");/*gets(st1);*/
f1=fopen("input","w");
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)
putc(c,f1);
fclose(f1);
f1=fopen("input","r");
f2=fopen("identifier","w");
f3=fopen("specialchar","w");
while((c=getc(f1))!=EOF)
if(isdigit(c))
tokenvalue=c-'0';
c=getc(f1);
while(isdigit(c))
tokenvalue*=10+c-'0';
c=getc(f1);
num[i++]=tokenvalue;
ungetc(c,f1);
} else if(isalpha(c))
putc(c,f2);
c=getc(f1);
while(isdigit(c)||isalpha(c)||c=='_'||c=='$')
putc(c,f2);
c=getc(f1);
putc(' ',f2);
ungetc(c,f1);
} else if(c==' '||c=='\t')
printf(" ");
else if(c=='\n')
lineno++;
else
putc(c,f3);
fclose(f2);
fclose(f3);
fclose(f1);
printf("\nThe no's in the program are");
for(j=0;j<i;j++)
printf("%d",num[j]);
printf("\n");
f2=fopen("identifier","r");
k=0;
printf("The keywords and identifiersare:");
while((c=getc(f2))!=EOF)
if(c!=' ')
str[k++]=c;
else
str[k]='\0';
keyword(str);
k=0;
fclose(f2);
f3=fopen("specialchar","r");
printf("\nSpecial characters are");
while((c=getc(f3))!=EOF)
printf("%c",c);
printf("\n");
fclose(f3);
printf("Total no. of lines are:%d",lineno);
getch();
}
Program-10
Predictive parsing
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define SIZE 128
#define NONE -1
#define EOS '\0'
#define NUM 257
#define KEYWORD 258
#define ID 259
#define DONE 260
#define MAX 999
#include<conio.h>
char lexemes[MAX];
char buffer[SIZE];
int lastchar = - 1;
int lastentry = 0;
int tokenval = DONE;
int lineno = 1;
int lookahead;
struct entry
char *lexptr;
int token;
} symtable[100];
struct entry keywords[] =
"if", KEYWORD, "else", KEYWORD, "for", KEYWORD, "int", KEYWORD, "float",
KEYWORD, "double", KEYWORD, "char", KEYWORD, "struct", KEYWORD,"return
",KEYWORD,0,0};
void Error_Message(char *m)
fprintf(stderr, "line %d, %s \n", lineno, m);
exit(1);
} int look_up(char s[])
int k;
for (k = lastentry; k > 0; k--)
if (strcmp(symtable[k].lexptr, s) == 0)
return k;
return 0;
int insert(char s[], int tok)
int len;
len = strlen(s);
if (lastentry + 1 >= MAX)
Error_Message("Symbpl table is full");
if (lastchar + len + 1 >= MAX)
Error_Message("Lexemes array is full");
lastentry = lastentry + 1;
symtable[lastentry].token = tok;
symtable[lastentry].lexptr = &lexemes[lastchar + 1];
lastchar = lastchar + len + 1;
strcpy(symtable[lastentry].lexptr, s);
return lastentry;
} /*void Initialize()
struct entry *ptr;
for(ptr=keywords;ptr->token;ptr+1)
insert(ptr->lexptr,ptr->token);
}*/
int lexer()
int t;
int val, i = 0;
while (1)
t = getchar();
if (t == ' ' || t == '\t')
else if (t == '\n')
lineno = lineno + 1;
else if (isdigit(t))
ungetc(t, stdin);
scanf("%d", &tokenval);
return NUM;
else if (isalpha(t))
{
while (isalnum(t))
buffer[i] = t;
t = getchar();
i = i + 1;
if (i >= SIZE)
Error_Message("Compiler error");
buffer[i] = EOS;
if (t != EOF)
ungetc(t, stdin);
val = look_up(buffer);
if (val == 0)
val = insert(buffer, ID);
tokenval = val;
return symtable[val].token;
else if (t == EOF)
return DONE;
else
tokenval = NONE;
return t;
void Match(int t)
{
if (lookahead == t)
lookahead = lexer();
else
Error_Message("Syntax error");
void display(int t, int tval)
if (t == '+' || t == '-' || t == '*' || t == '/')
printf("\nArithmetic Operator: %c", t);
else if (t == NUM)
printf("\n Number: %d", tval);
else if (t == ID)
printf("\n Identifier: %s", symtable[tval].lexptr);
else
printf("\n Token %d tokenval %d", t, tokenval);
void F()
//void E();
switch (lookahead)
case '(':
Match('(');
E();
Match(')');
break;
case NUM:
display(NUM, tokenval);
Match(NUM);
break;
case ID:
display(ID, tokenval);
Match(ID);
break;
default:
Error_Message("Syntax error");
void T()
int t;
F();
while (1)
switch (lookahead)
case '*':
t = lookahead;
Match(lookahead);
F();
display(t, NONE);
continue;
case '/':
t = lookahead;
Match(lookahead);
display(t, NONE);
continue;
default:
return ;
E()
int t;
T();
while (1)
switch (lookahead)
case '+':
t = lookahead;
Match(lookahead);
T();
display(t, NONE);
continue;
case '-':
t = lookahead;
Match(lookahead);
T();
display(t, NONE);
continue;
default:
return ;
void parser()
lookahead = lexer();
while (lookahead != DONE)
E();
Match(';');
void main()
char ans[10];
printf("\n Program for recursive decent parsing ");
printf("\n Enter the expression ");
printf("And place ; at the end\n");
printf("Press Ctrl-Z to terminate\n");
parser();
getch();
