International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014

Use of Precast Hollow Core Slabs in High Rise

Buildings
Supriya T J Praveen J V
M.Tech student, Department of Civil Engineering, Asst. professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Sri Siddhartha Academy Of Higher Education, Sri Siddhartha Academy Of Higher Education,
Tumkur, India. Tumkur, India.

Abstract - Precast prestressed hollow core flooring is used The prestressed hollow core slabs are tender, light
extensively around the world because of economical, light weight products which help in construction of thinner floor.
weight, faster assembling etc. This type of slabs is generally used The thinner the flooring much is the space saved for
in the construction of floors for high-rise apartments or multi- construction which can be translated in to additional floors in
storey buildings in low-seismic regions.
the high rise structure that too with controlled costs and
The present study is on the analysis of seismic lesser joints. The precast prestressed hollow core units are
behaviour of precast hollow core slabs in high rise buildings very easy to install and offer an immediate working platform
using ETABS software. Comparision of behaviour of hollow after completion of installment and can be implemented with
core slab building and solid slab building for different seismic
lesser labour or workforce in lesser time. This greatly reduces
zones keeping the member size same for all models.
Comparision of quantity of concrete and quantity of steel for the construction delay to a minimum thereby enabling for
hollow core slab building and solid slab building. A 33 storey faster construction of the high rise projects.
commercial office building with precast hollow core slabs have
been analyzed for seismic zone IV with type two medium soil. With hollow core slabs, thermal activated flooring can be
Structural system used for these buildings are taken as concrete installed in the high rise constructions. In high rise building
special moment-resisting frame with ductile shear walls. Five hollow core flooring offers better fire resistance and ensures
RT
different models of hollow core slab building with different better protection of inhabitants or people within building at
member sizes have been performed. Static analysis has been the time of fire incidents. Costs of construction are greatly
carried out by equivalent static method and dynamic analysis
reduced with use of hollow core floors in high rise
has been carried out by response spectrum method as per
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recommendation of IS: 1893(Part 1):2002.Based on analysis constructions. The presence of longitudinal voids leads to
results of five models it has been concluded that model 5member about 45% saving in concrete compared with normal in-situ
sizes shows better performance when compared to other four reinforced slab flooring.
models member sizes. Keeping model 5 member sizes constant, 4
models of hollow core slab building and 4 models of solid slab 1.1 Definition of High Rise Building
building have been performed for different seismic zones and A building is an enclosed structure that has walls,
compared with various factors such as base shear, storey drift. floors, a roof, and usually windows. “A tall building is a
Thus hollow core slab building shows better performance when multi-storey structure in which most occupants depends on
compared to solid slab building. Hollow core slab building and
elevators [lifts] to reach their destinations. The most
solid slab building have been analyzed for seismic zone IV based
on analysis and design results, quantity of steel and quantity of prominent tall buildings are called high-rise buildings in most
concrete required are calculated and compared. Based on the countries. The terms do not have internationally agreed
analysis results it can be concluded that hollow core slab definitions. ” However, a high rise building can be defined as
building consumes less material when compared to solid slab follows:
building. Therefore hollow core slab building is best compared “Generally, a high rise structure is considered to be
to solid slab building. one that extends higher than the maximum reach of available
Keywords: precast hollow core slab; high rise building; finite fire-fighting equipment. In absolute numbers, this has been
ETABS Software; seismic zones. set variously between 75 feet(23 meters) and 100 feet(30
meters)” or about seven to ten stories (depending on the
slab-to-slab distance between floors).
1. INTRODUCTION
A hollow core slab refers to a precast slab that is
prepared using prestressed concrete with tubular voids which The exact height above which a particular building
run through the full length of the slab. Prestressing gives is deemed to be a high rise is specified by fire and building
concrete longer spanning capacity, shallow depth and the codes for the country, region, state, or city where the building
ability to carry heavy loads. Precast hollow core slabs are is located. When the building exceeds the specified height,
typically 1200mm in width and about 20m in length. This then fire, an ever-present danger in such situation facilities,
type of slabs are cost-effective, quick to assemble and build, must be fought by fire personnel from inside the building
have lower self-weight, use less raw materials etc. rather than from outside using fire hoses and ladders.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014

1.2 Definition of earthquake 2. DESCRIPTION OF ANALYZING MODELS

An earthquake is the series of vibration on the
earth’s surface caused by the generation of seismic waves due 2.1 Modeling
to sudden rupture within the earth. A commercial office building of 33 storeys with
Seismograph is used to find strength and location of earth precast hollow core slabs of plan dimension 24mx18m is
quake. considered for analysis. Height of each storey is 3m and total
height of the building is 99m. Structural system used for
1.2.1 Definitions in earthquake resistant structures: these building is taken as concrete special moment-resisting
1. Design Basis Earthquake (DBE): It is the earthquake frame with ductile shear walls and type-II medium soil has
which can reasonably be expected to occur at least once been considered.
during the design life of the structure.
2. Design Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient (Ah): It is a 2.2 preliminary data
horizontal acceleration coefficient that shall be used for Plan of the building are shown in figure 2.1. Five
design of structures. models of hollow core slab buildings of different member
3. Design Lateral Force: It is the horizontal seismic force sizes have been analyzed. For all models beam dimensions
prescribed by this standard that shall be used to design a have been assumed as 230x260mm, 300x600mm,
structure. 300x750mm, and hollow core slab thickness have been
4. Design Seismic Base Shear (VB): It is the total design assumed as 260mm and column dimensions and shear wall
lateral force at the base of a structure. thickness have been shown in table 2.1.
5. Height of Structure (h): It is the difference in levels, in
metres, between its base and its highest level.
6. Importance Factor (I): It is a factor used to obtain the
design seismic force depending on the functional use of the
structure, characterized by hazardous consequences of its
failure, its post-earthquake functional need, historic value, or
economic importance.
7. Natural Period (T): Natural period of a structure is its
time period of undamped free vibration.
RT
8. Response Reduction Factor (R): It is the factor by which
the actual base shears force that would be generated if the
structure were to remain elastic during its response to the
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Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) shaking, shall be reduced to

obtain the design lateral force.
Figure 2.1-Plan of the commercial office building with precast hollow core
9. Seismic Weight (W): It is the total dead load plus slabs
appropriate amount of specified imposed load.
10. Shear Wall: It is a wall designed to resist lateral forces Table 2.1: Schedule of Member Sizes
acting in its own plane. Name Column Dimensions Shear Wall Thickness
11. Special Moment-Resisting Frame: It is a moment Storey Storey Storey Storey Storey 11-
resisting frame specially detailed to provide ductile behaviour 1-10 11-20 21-33 1-10 33
and comply with the requirements given in IS 4326 or C1 C2 C3 Sw1 Sw2
IS 13920 or SP 6 (6). Model 1 450x900 450x750 450x600 400 300
12. Storey Drift: It is the displacement of one level relative Model 2 450x1000 450x750 450x600 400 300
to the other level above or below. Model 3 600x1200 400x800 300x600 400 300
13. Storey Shear (Vi): It is the sum of design lateral forces at Model 4 600x900 450x750 300x600 500 450
all levels above the storey under consideration. Model 5 450x1200 450x750 450x600 500 450
14. Structural Response Factors (Sa/g): It is a factor Note: All dimensions are in mm.
denoting the acceleration response spectrum of the structure
subjected to earthquake ground vibrations, and depends on Model 1-Column dimensions and shear wall thickness have
natural period of vibration and damping of the structure. been changed.
15. Zone Factor (Z): It is a factor to obtain the design Model 2-Column dimensions have been changed.
spectrum depending on the perceived maximum seismic risk Model 3-Column dimension have been changed and shear
characterized by Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) in wall length has been increased.
the zone in which the structure is located. The basic zone Model 4-Column dimensions and shear wall thickness have
factors included in this standard are reasonable estimate of been changed.
effective peak ground acceleration. Model 5-Column dimensions have been changed.
2.3 Material properties
The strength of a structure depends on the strength
of the materials from which it is made for this purpose
material strength is specified in standardized ways as a step to
proceed the design of a structure.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014

2.3.1 Analysis property data can therefore work well for low to medium-rise buildings
Material name - Concrete without significant coupled lateral-torsion modes, in which
Grade of concrete-M25 has been considered for beams and only the first mode in each direction is of significance. Tall
slabs. buildings (say, over, 75 m), where second and higher modes
Grade of concrete-M40 has been considered for columns and can be important, or buildings with torsion effects, are much
shear walls. less suitable for the method, and require more complex
Type of material - Isotropic methods to be used in these circumstances.
Mass per unit volume-2.4 kN/m3
Modulus of elasticity-25 kN/mm2 2.5.2 Manual equivalent static analysis design procedure
Poisson’s ratio- 0.2 as per IS 1893(PART 1):2002
The total design lateral force or design base shear
2.3.2 Design property data along any principal direction is given in terms of design
Concrete cube compressive strength for M25 grade of horizontal seismic coefficient and seismic weight of the
concrete, fck-25 N/mm2 structure. Design horizontal seismic coefficient depends on
Concrete cube compressive strength for M40 grade of the zone factor of the site, importance factor of the structure,
concrete, fck-40 N/mm2 response reduction factor of the lateral load resisting elements
Bending reinforcement yield stress for steel reinforcement, and the fundamental period of the structure. The procedure
fy 415 N/mm2 generally used for the equivalent static analysis is explained
These are the material properties which have been considered below:
for all the models. 1. Determination of fundamental natural period (Ta) of
the buildings.
2.4 Load considerations For moment resisting RC frame building without brick infill
Dead load, live load and earthquake load are considered in wall.
the design as per Indian standard codes. Ta = 0.075h0.75
Table 2.2 represents dead load and live load data considered For moment resisting steel frame building without brick infill
for analysis. wall.
Ta = 0.085h0.75
Table 2.2: Dead load and live load data For all other buildings including moment resisting RC frame
RT
Wall load 12kN/m2 building with brick infill walls.
Super imposed 2.5 kN/m2 Ta =0.09h/d
dead load Where,
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h- The height of building in m.

Super imposed 4 kN/m2
d- The base dimension of building at plinth level in m, along
live load the considered direction of lateral force.

Table 2.3 represents earthquake load data for seismic zone-IV considered for 2. Determination of base shear (VB) of the building.
analysis of five models. VB = Ah x W
Table 2.3: Earthquake load data Where,
Seismic zone Zone –IV Ah =
Soil type Medium(Type-2)
Each storey height 3m Ah = Design horizontal seismic coefficient.
Zone factor, Z 0.24
Z = Zone factor.
I = Importance factor.
Importance factor, I 1.0
R = Response reduction factor.
Response reduction factor, R 5.0 Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficients.
Analysis type Dynamic analysis
Sa/g in turn depends on the nature of foundation soil (rock,
medium or soft soil sites), natural period and the damping of
2.5 Methods of static analysis the structure.
The method of static analysis used here is equivalent
3. Distribution of design base shear.
static method.
The design base shear VB thus obtained shall be
2.5.1 Equivalent static analysis
distributed along the height of the building as per the
All design against earthquake effects must consider
following expression:
the dynamic nature of the load. However, for simple regular
structures, analysis by equivalent linear static methods is Wi h i 2
often sufficient. This is permitted in most codes of practice Qi  VB
n
for regular, low to medium-rise buildings and begins with an
estimate of peak earthquake load calculated as a function of 
Wi h i 2
the parameters given in the code. Equivalent static analysis i 1

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ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014

Where,
Qi = The design lateral force. Table 2.4: Schedule of member sizes
Wi = The seismic weight.
hi = The height of the ith floor measured from base. Type of buildings
n = The number of stories in the building. Hollow core slab
Name Solid Slab building
building
2.6 Methods of dynamic analysis B1 230 x 260 B1 230 x 600
IS: 1893(Part 1):2002 presents two methods of dynamic Beam
analysis. They are: B2 300 x 600 B2 300 x 600
Dimensions
1. Time-history analysis. B3 300 x 750 B3 300 x 750
2. Response spectrum analysis. Storey 1-10 C1 450x 1200 C1 450 x 1200
Out of these two methods, response spectrum analysis is Column
Storey 11-20 C2 450 x 750 C2 450 x 750
more convenient than time history analysis. Dimensions
Storey 21-33 C3 450 x 600 C3 450 x 600
2.6.1 Response spectrum analysis Slab
260 150
A response spectrum is the graphic representation of Thickness
maximum response i.e. displacements, velocity and Shear Wall Storey 1-10 SW1 500 SW1 500
acceleration of a damped single-degree-of-freedom system to
Thickness Storey 11-33 SW2 450 SW2 450
a specified ground motion, plotted against the frequency or
modal periods. Note: All dimensions are in mm.

Five models of different member sizes have been Table 2.5: Shows earthquake load data for different seismic zone
done considering above member sizes, material properties, Type of Type of Seismic Zone Importance Response
and load Consideration and they have been analyzed for buildings model zone factor, factor, reduction
seismic zone IV. By considering gravity loads such as dead Z I factor,
load, live load data shown in table 2.2 static analysis has been
R
carried out by equivalent Static method and by considering
earthquake load data shown in table 2.3 dynamic analysis has Model Zone –II 0.10 1.0 5.0
RT
been carried out by response spectrum method as per Hollow A
recommendation of IS 1893(Part 1):2002.The results of base core slab Model Zone –III 0.16 1.0 5.0
shear, time period and storey drift have been collected and buildings
B
Model Zone –IV 0.24 1.0 5.0
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compared with different models.

C
Model Zone –V 0.36 1.0 5.0
2.7 Comparision of hollow core slab building with solid D
slab building for different seismic zones Model Zone –II 0.10 1.0 5.0
By varying member sizes seismic analysis have been Solid slab A1
buildings Model Zone –III 0.16 1.0 5.0
carried out by response spectrum method on Model 1, Model B1
2, Model 3, Model 4, and Model 5.Thus based on analysis Model Zone –IV 0.24 1.0 5.0
results it can be concluded that Model 5 member size perform C1
better when compared to other 4 Models member sizes. Model Zone -V 0.36 1.0 5.0
D1
A 33 storey commercial office building of plan
dimension 24mx18m is considered for analysis. Keeping the 2.8 Comparision of total quantity of concrete and total
Model 5 member size constant, different hollow core slab quantity of steel in hollow core slab building and solid
buildings and solid slab buildings have been performed for slab building
seismic zone II, seismic zone III, seismic zone IV and seismic Model C hollow core slab building and Model C1
zone V. Table 2.4 represent schedule of member sizes for solid slab building have been considered for the
hollow core slab buildings and solid slab buildings. Structural determination of total quantity of concrete and total quantity
system used for these building is taken as concrete special of steel. Model C hollow core slab building and Model C1
moment-resisting frame with ductile shear walls and type-II solid slab building have been analyzed and designed for
medium soil is considered. seismic zone IV. Design details such as longitudinal
reinforcement details and shear reinforcement details of
By considering gravity loads such as dead load, live Model C and Model C1 have been collected. Detail
load data shown in table 2.2 static analysis has been carried calculation of quantity of steel and quantity of concrete have
out by equivalent static method and by considering been done in excel sheet and the total quantity have been
earthquake load data for different seismic zones shown in compared by graphical representation.
table 2.5. Dynamic analysis has been carried out by response
spectrum method as per recommendation of IS 1893(Part
1):2002.The results of base shear and maximum storey drift
have been collected and compared with different models.

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The comparative study of maximum time period values for
different type of models are represented in figure 3.1. In
The results of each building models have been comparison of time period at different storey levels, it is
presented. The analysis carried out is static analysis by observed that the time period are steadily increased i.e.,
equivalent static method and dynamic analysis by response minimum at top storey and maximum time period at bottom
spectrum method. storey. The maximum time period value of Model (1) is 1.005
times greater than that of Model (2), 1.013 times greater than
The result of Base shear, storey drifts and time that of Model (3), 1.031 times greater than that of Model (4),
period for different models were presented. Comparision of 1.039 times greater than that of Model (5) at storey 1.Thus
hollow core slab building and solid slab building results have maximum time period in building have been steadily
been presented. Comparision results of total quantity of decreased as the member size increases.
concrete and total quantity of steel in hollow core slab
building and solid slab building have been presented. 3.1.2 Comparision of type of model v/s base shear in x
. direction
3.1 Analysis results of five hollow core slab building Figure 3.2: Graph of type of model v/s base shear in x
models of different member sizes direction
The results of five models such as base shear, time
period, and maximum storey drift are represented in table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Results of five hollow core slab building models of different
member sizes
Name Base Shear,(kN) Time Max Storey Drift,(mm)
period,
(Sec)
EQX EQY Drift x Drift y
Model 1 3664.12 3664.12 4.785067 0.000754 0.0022
Model 2 3671.55 3671.55 4.757858 0.000745 0.002245
RT

Model 3 3709.72 3709.72 4.723347 0.000699 0.002239 The comparative study of base shear values in x
direction for different type of models are represented in
Model 4 3819.93 3819.93 4.64381 0.00068 0.002135
figure 3.2.The base shear values of Model (1) is 1.002 times
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Model 5 3839.71 3839.71 4.60538 0.000656 0.00207 less than that of Model (2), 1.012 times less than that of
Model (3), 1.042 times less than that of Model (4), 1.047
Based on analysis results of five hollow core slab times less than that of Model (5) in x direction. Thus base
building models presented in table 3.1 graphs have been shear in building steadily increased as the member size
drawn as shown below. increases.
3.1.3 Comparision of type of model v/s base shear in y
3.1.1 Comparision of type of model v/s time period direction
Figure 3.1: Graph of type of model v/s time period Figure 3.3: Graph of type of model v/s base shear in y
direction

TYPE OF MODEL V/S TIME PERIOD

4.8
TIME PERIOD

4.75
4.7
4.65
4.6 TYPE OF
4.55 MODEL V/S
TIME PERIOD
4.5

TYPE OF MODEL The comparative study of base shear values in y

direction for different type of models are represented in
figure 3.3. The base shear value of Model (1) is 1.002 times
less than that of Model (2), 1.012 times less than that of
Model (3), 1.042 times less than that of Model (4),1.047
times less than that of Model (5) in y direction. Thus base
shear in structure will be steadily increased as the member
size increases.

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Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014

3.1.4 Comparision of type of model v/s max storey drift in 3.2 Comparision of hollow core slab building with solid
x direction slab building for different seismic zones

Figure 3.4: Graph of type of model v/s max storey drift in x Analysis results of hollow core slab building and
direction solid slab building for different seismic zones are shown in
table 3.2 and 3.3. The results of models such as base shear
and maximum storey drift are given below.

Table 3.2: Represents results of hollow core slab building

for different seismic zones
Seismic Max Storey
Name Base Shear,(kN)
Zone Drift,(mm)
EQX EQY Drift X Drift Y
Zone II Model A 1599.88 1599.88 0.000273 0.000862
Zone III Model B 2559.80 2559.80 0.000437 0.001380
Zone IV Model C 3839.71 3839.71 0.000656 0.002070
The comparative study of maximum storey drift Zone V Model D 5759.56 5759.56 0.000984 0.003105
values in x directions for five different models is represented
in figure 3.4.The maximum storey drift value of Model (1) is Table 3.3: Represents results of solid slab building for different
1.012 times greater than that of Model (2), 1.072 times seismic zones
greater than that of Model (3), 1.078 times greater than that
of Model (4),1.108 times greater than that of Model (5).Thus Seismic Max Storey
Name Base Shear,(kN)
maximum storey drift will decreases as the member size Zone Drift,(mm)
EQX EQY Drift X Drift Y
increases and storey drift values of all models lies within the Zone II Model A1 1394.19 1394.19 0.000238 0.000750
limits as per IS:1893(Part 1):2002 (clause-7.11.1). Zone III Model B1 2230.71 2230.71 0.000381 0.001201
Zone IV Model C1 3346.06 3346.06 0.000571 0.001801
3.1.5 Comparision of type of model v/s max storey drift in Zone V Model D1 5019.10 5019.10 0.000856 0.002702
y direction
RT
Based on analysis result values presented in table
Figure 3.5: Graph of type of model v/s max storey drift in y direction 3.2 and table 3.3 graphs have been represented as shown
below. Base shear, maximum storey drift have been
compared for different zones between hollow core building
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and solid slab building.

3.2.1 Comparision of seismic zone v/s base shear for

hollow core slab building and solid slab building

Figure 3.6: Graph of seismic zones v/s base shear

The comparative study of maximum storey drift

values in y direction for five different models is represented
in figure 3.5. The maximum storey drift value of Model (1) is
1.006 times greater than that of Model (2), 1.009 times
greater than that of Model (3), 1.058 times greater than that
of Model (4), 1.091 times greater than that of Model (5) in y
direction. Thus maximum storey drift will decreases as the
member size increases and storey drift values of all models
lies within the limits as per IS:1893(Part 1):2002 (clause- The comparative study of base shear values for
7.11.1). different seismic zones is represented in figure 3.6. In
comparision of base shear values for different seismic zones,
base shear value are increased steadily and maximum base
shear are found in seismic zone V. The base shear values of
hollow core slab building in seismic zone II, zone III, zone
IV and zone V is 1.147 times less than that of solid slab
building in seismic zone II, zone III, zone IV, and zone V.
Thus hollow core slab building produce less base shear
compared to solid slab building.

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3.2.2 Comparision of seismic zone v/s max storey drift V. Thus hollow core slab building produce greater storey drift
along x direction for hollow core slab building and solid values in y direction compared to solid slab building.
slab building
3.3 Comparision of total quantity of concrete and total
Figure 3.7: Graph of seismic zones v/s maximum storey drift along x quantity of steel in hollow core slab building and solid
direction
slab building
Model C hollow core slab building and Model C1
solid slab building design details such as longitudinal
reinforcement details and shear reinforcement details of
beams, columns and slabs have been collected. Detail
calculation of quantity of steel and quantity of concrete of all
storeys have been done in excel sheet and the results of total
quantity of steel and total quantity of concrete for beams,
columns, slabs in solid slab building and in hollow core slab
building are represented in table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Total Quantity of concrete and steel in Hollow

core Slab building and Solid Slab building
The comparative study of max storey drift values in
Sl. No. Hollow core Slab building Solid Slab building
x direction for different seismic zones is represented in figure
Total Total Total Total
3.7. In comparision of max storey drift values for different Quantity Quantity of Quantity Quantity of
seismic zones, storey drift value are increased steadily and of Steel, of steel,
maximum storey drift are found in seismic zone V. The Concrete, (Tonnes) Concrete, (Tonnes)
maximum storey drift values of hollow core slab building in (m3) (m3)
Beams 976.734 151.403 1131.57 187.461
seismic zone II is 1.1470 times greater than that of solid slab Columns 2204.265 217.776 2204.265 191.109
building in seismic zone II, 1.1469 times greater than that of Slabs 1612.05 91.424 2138.40 146.239
solid slab building in seismic zone III, 1.1488 times greater Total 4793.30 460.603 5474.23 524.809
than that of solid slab building in seismic zone IV, 1.1495
RT
times greater than that of solid slab building in seismic zone Total quantity of concrete and total quantity of steel
V. Thus hollow core slab building produce greater storey drift in hollow core slab building and solid slab building have been
values in x direction compared to solid slab building. compared in graph as shown below based on results
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presented in table 3.4.

3.2.3 Comparision of seismic zone v/s max storey drift
along y direction for hollow core slab building and solid
3.3.1 Comparision of type of buildings v/s total quantity of
slab building
steel
Figure 3.8: Graph of seismic zones v/s max storey drift along y Figure 3.9: Graph of type of building v/s total quantity of
direction steel

The comparative study of max storey drift values in

y direction for different seismic zones is represented in figure
3.8. In comparision of max storey drift values for different
seismic zones, storey drift value are increased steadily and
maximum storey drift are found in seismic zone V. The
maximum storey drift values of hollow core slab building in
seismic zone II is 1.1490 times greater than that of solid slab
building in seismic zone II, 1.1490 times greater than that of
solid slab building in seismic zone III, 1.1493 times greater
than that of solid slab building in seismic zone IV, 1.1491
times greater than that of solid slab building in seismic zone

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Vol. 3 Issue 10, October- 2014

3.3.2 Comparision of type of buildings v/s total quantity of  Base shear is less for hollow core slab building
concrete compared to solid slab building for different seismic
Figure 3.10: Graph of type of building v/s total quantity of concrete zones.
 Storey drift is higher for hollow core slab building
as compared solid slab building.
 Thus hollow core slab building consumes less
material when compared to solid slab building.
Therefore hollow core slab building is best
compared to solid slab building.

5. REFERENCES
1. Maher K. Tadros, Amin Einea and Say-Gunn Low, Rafael A. Magana,
Arturo E. Schultz, “Seismic Behavior of a Six-Story Precast Office
Building” Federation International de la Precontrainte (FIP),
Proceedings of the 12th Congress, Washington May29-June2
Vol.1,1994,PP.E16-E22
2. P.C.J.Hoogenboom, “Analysis of Hollow Core Slab
Floors”HERON,Vol.50,No3 (2005),pp.173-185
The comparative study of total quantity of concrete 3. Renee A Lindsay, John B Mander and Des K Bull, “Experiments on the
and total quantity of steel for different type of building are Seismic Performance of Hollow Core Floor Systems in Precast
represented in figure 3.9 and 3.10. Hollow core slab building Concrete Buildings”13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Vancouver,B.C.,Canada August 1-6,2004,pp.585
consume less material when compared to solid slab building 4. Liberato Ferrara, Antonella Colombo, Paolo Negro and
because of the presence of longitudinal voids in the cross GiandomenicoToniolo,“Precast vs. Cast-in-situ Reinforced Concrete
section of hollow core slabs leads to saving in concrete as Industrial Buildings Under Earthquake Loading: An Assessement via
compared to solid slabs and at the same time cuts the amount Pseudodynamic Tests” 13th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering Vancouver,B.C.,Canada August 1-6,2004,pp.743
of prestressing steel because of lower self-weight. Therefore 5. JorisFellinger, Jan Stark, JoostWalraven, “Shear and Anchorage
hollow core slab building is best compared to solid slab Behavior of Fire Exposed Hollow Core Slabs” HERON,Vol.50,No4
building. (2005),pp.279-301
6. L.J. Woods, D.K. Bull and R.C. Fenwick, “The Seismic Performance of
4. CONCLUSION Hollow Core Flooring: The Significance of Negative Bending
RT
Moments” The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Beijing, China, October 12-17, 2008.
The thesis attempts to study the behaviour of precast 7. J. Chang, A. H. Buchanan, R. P. Dhakal& P. J. Moss, “Simple Method
hollow core slabs in high rise buildings.Five models of for Modeling Hollow Core Concrete Slabs Under Fire” 2008.
IJE

hollow core slab buildings of different member sizes is 8. Jeremy Chang, Andrew H. Buchanan, Rajesh Dhakal and Peter J.Moss,
“Analysis of Hollow Core Concrete Floor Slabs Under Fire” 2008.
analyzed using equivalent static method and Response 9. Izni S. Ibrahim, Kim S. Elliott, “Long-Term Behavior of Precast
spectrum method for seismic zone IV. From the above Prestressed Hollow Core Slabs with Concrete Toppings” 2008, pp.391-
analysis results following conclusions can be made in this 400.
respect: 10. Wijesundara K.K., Mallawaarachchi R. S and SendanayakeS,”Shear
Strength of Precast Prestressed Concrete Hollow Core Slabs”,SAITM
 Maximum storey drift, storey drifts in X and Y Research Symposium on Engineering Advancements 2012 ,pp. 53-
direction of model 5 is less than that of other four 56.
models. 11. IS: 456-2000, Indian Standard “Plain and Reinforced Concrete” Bureau
of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
 Time period of model 5 is less than that of other four 12. IS: 1893 (Part-1): 2002, Indian Standard “Criteria for Earthquake
models. Resistant Design of Structures” Bureau of Indian Standards, New
 Storey shear in X and Y direction of model 5 is Delhi.
greater than that of model 1, 2, 3, 4. 13. S Unni Krishna Pillai and Devdas Menon “Reinforced Concrete Design”
14. Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande “Earth Quake Resistant Design
From the above study it has been conclude that model 5 of Structures”
shows better performance when compared to other models. 15. IS: 875 (Part-1): 1987, Indian Standard “Code of Practice for Design
Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures” Bureau of
Keeping model 5 member size constant Hollow core slab Indian Standards, New Delhi.
16. IS: 875 (Part-2): 1987, Indian Standard “Code of Practice for Design
building and solid slab building have been performed for
Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures” Bureau of
different seismic zones and it has been analyzed using Indian Standards, New Delhi.
equivalent static method and Response spectrum method
according to code provisions, considering the effect of base
shear, storey drift the results obtained by hollow core slab
building and solid slab building for different seismic zone has
been compared. Following broad conclusions can be made in
this respect:

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