• Supplement Clauses in NFPA being AHJ
•Enhance Effectiveness of Fire Fighting
and Rescue Operation
•Provide Safer Building for Occupants
and Fire Fighters
¾External Access to Site and Building
¾Private Fire Hydrant
¾Rising Main
¾Smoke Free Approach to Exit Staircase
¾Sprinkler in Concealed Ceiling & Floor Spaces
Successful fire fighting operation
- Internal approach
- External approach
¾ Fire Engine Access Road
¾ Fire Engine Hardstanding
¾ Fire Access Opening
Road for fire appliances to move from
one location to another within a
development
Minimum width of 6 metres
Sustain stationary 24 tonnes
• Overhead clearance more than 4.5m
•Dead-end not more than 46m
>4.5m
< 46m
6m
6m
Hardstanding 46m
46m
A Fire Engine Hardstanding is a metalled or
paved road that has to withstand a loading
capacity of a stationary 45-tonne Fire Engine
6m
Fire Engine Hardstanding
Hardstanding 46m
(Minimum width 6m)
Minimum length 15m
46m
Small Residential Building such as
Bungalows, Semi-detach Houses
and Terrace Houses
No fire engine hardstanding is required,
irrespective of building height
Fire fighting can be conducted from
public road
Residential Buildings
Cluster Housing or Villas
Landed housing with shared communal
facilities
Provision of a minimum 6 metres width
Fire Engine Access Road
Maximum travel distance from the fire
engine pump appliance to every point on
the project plan area of any building
shall be 60 metres
Maximum 60 m Travel Distance
for Fire Fighters from
Fire Engine Access Road
B
A
Residential Buildings such as flats,
maisonettes, apartment and NOT
exceeding 10m in habitable height
• Clear width of fire engine access road
(6m)
• Maximum travel distance from the fire
engine pump appliance to every point on
the project plan area of the building is
60m
Residential Buildings such as flats,
maisonettes, apartment and NOT
exceeding 10m in habitable height
Fire engine access road (min 6m) to within a travel distance of
60m from every point on projected plan area of any building
BATH WC
YARD
BEDROOM
3 DINING
BATH
KITCHEN
BEDROOM
4
BATH LIVING
MASTER BEDROOM
BEDROOM 2
Fire engine access road
Not exceeding 60m from the fire engine access road
Residential Buildings exceeding 10m in
habitable height such as flats,
maisonettes and apartment
- fire engine access road (min 6m)
- within 18m from breeching inlet
- breeching inlet to be located on
external wall above ground level
nearest to the vertical run of the riser
stack
Institution, Office, Shop,
Places of Public Resort
Habitable Height not exceeding 10m
Fire engine access road (min 6m) to within a travel
distance of 45m from every point on projected plan area
of any building
6m Access Road
Institution, Office, Shop,
Places of Public Resort
Habitable Height exceeding 10m
- Hardstanding shall be located directly below
fire access opening
- Hardstanding to base on gross floor area
of the largest floor in the building:
Non-sprinkler buildings Sprinkler buildings
Min 1/6 perimeter (min 15m) Min 1/6 perimeter (min 15m)
2000m2 to 4000m2: 1/4 perimeter 4000m2 to 8000m2: 1/4 perimeter
>4000m2 to 8000m2: 1/2 perimeter >8000m2 to 16,000m2: 1/2 perimeter
>8000 m2 to 16,000m2: 3/4 perimeter >16,000 m2 to 32,000m2: ¾ perimeter
>16,000m2: island site access >32,000m2: island site access
Factory (Industrial) and
Storage (Warehouse)
- Hardstanding to be provided
- Regardless of the habitable height
Non-sprinkler buildings Sprinkler buildings
Min 1/6 perimeter (min 15m) Min 1/6 perimeter (min 15m)
>28,400m3: 1/4 perimeter >56,800m3: 1/4 perimeter
>56,800m3: 1/2 perimeter >113,600m3: 1/2 perimeter
>85,200 m3 : 3/4 perimeter >170,400 m3:3/4 perimeter
>113,600m3: island site access >227,200 m3: island site access
Factory (Industrial) and
Storage (Warehouse)
Non Sprinkler
Gross Cubical extent:
>56,800 cum, <85,200 cum
Fire Engine Hardstanding
1/ perimeter
2
Sprinkler
Gross cubical extent:
>227,200cum
island wide
access
General Requirements for
Fire Engine Hardstanding
- to withstand stationary 45 tonnes fire engine
- minimum width of 6m throughout
- gradient not exceeding 1:15
D
6m Fire Engine Hardstanding
≤46 m
D : not more than 10m &
not less than 2m
General Requirements for
Fire Engine Hardstanding
- dead-end not to exceed 46m
- min. Inner Radius of Turning Facility – 7m
- public road can be used as hardstanding
(provided edge of public road to façade of building)
- between 2m and 10m from FAP
D
6m Fire Engine Hardstanding
≤46 m
D : not more than 10m &
not less than 2m
General Requirements for
Fire Engine Hardstanding
60°<Ø<80°
General Requirements for
Fire Engine Hardstanding
60°<Ø<80°
General Requirements for
Fire Engine Hardstanding
- All corners shall be marked
- marking of corners in contrasting colour to
ground surfaces or finishes
- Sign post “Fire Engine Access -Keep Clear” at the
entrance of Hardstanding (50mm)
FIRE ENGINE ACCESS Fire Engine Hardstanding
KEEP CLEAR
BUILDING
Access Opening
Max. 10m
Min. 2m
50mm
Driveway 50mm
General Requirements for
Fire Engine Hardstanding
- hardstanding on turfed area
- marking to use contrasting object that is visible at night.
- interval of 3m
FIRE ENGINE ACCESS
KEEP CLEAR (>=50mm)
