ukjh l’kfDrdj.

k dh izklafxdrk
izk-s ¼MkW-½ lksgu jkt rkrsM+
iwoZ dqyifr] fla?kkfu;k fo’ofo|ky;] jktLFkku

vHkh ge lH;rk ds fodkl dh ftl eafty ij igq¡ps gSa] og iz—fr ,oa izk—frd
fu;eksa ij 'kks/k ,oa fpUru dk fo"k; vkSj le; gSA tgk¡ ,d vksj fo'o ds vf/kdka'k
fodkl'khy ,oa fodflr jk"Vªk/;{kksa rFkk ltx ,oa izcq) ukxfjdksa dk /;ku bl ij
dsfUær utj vkrk gS; ogha nwljh vksj euq"; ds ;kuh uj ,oa ukjh ds vkfRed vyxko]
fo"kerk] fofPNUurk] ,dkdhiu vkSj VwVu dk Hkh le; gSA ;ksa dgk tk; fd vkt dk
le; euq"; ,oa euq";rk ij fopkj djus dk gSA pw¡fd fiNyh iwjh lnh fgalk dh lnh Fkh
vkSj efgykvksa ij vR;kpkj ,oa gR;k dk ekeyk ¼ngst ,oa ckg~; lkSUn;Z dh deh ds
lUnHkZ esa vkSj vf/kd½ dgj <krk gqvk eglwl gks jgk gSA vkt dh ngst&izFkk izkphudky
dh ngst&izFkk dk gh fo—r :i gSA
vkt ngst ekrk&firk ds Lusg ,oa okRlY; dk Lo:i u gksdj oj&i{k }kjk
'kks"k.k ,oa vieku dk lk/ku cu x;k gSA vktdy dU;k ds fookg ds iwoZ oj&i{kokys
fookg ds 'krZ ds :i esa cM+h&cM+h jkf'k olwy djrs gSaA lkFk gh lkFk os Vhñ ohñ] LdwVj]
eksVjdkj] fÝt] ohfM;ksa vkfn dh Hkh ekax djus ls ugha pqdrs gSa vkSj pqdrh ugha gksus ij
mUgsa viekfur djuk] rjg&rjg dh ;kruk,¡ nsuk vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd blds fy, mldh
gR;k Hkh dj nsrs gSaA dqN ,sls Hkh mnkgj.k v[kckjksa] i=&if=dkvksa ,oa vU; lk/kuksa ds
}kjk miyC/k gks jgs gSaA
vkt efgykvksa dh izfr"Bk] mudk eku&lEeku] muds ekrk&firk ds }kjk ngst esa
nh xbZ jkf'k ds vk/kj ij gh gksrk gSA mudk ;kSou] mudh vkdka{kk,¡ lHkh ngst dh
vfXu esa tydj HkLe gks tkrs gSA csesy fookg vkSj foyEc ls fookg ngst izFkk ds Li"V
nq"[Link] n`f"Vxkspj gks jgs gSaA gesa Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ mUgsa ,sls
gh ;kn djsaxhA jke/kkjh flag fnudj th us ;ksjksi dh dqekj ;qofr;ksa dh n;uh; fLFkfr
dh ekfeZd ppkZ dh gSA fujkykth] iUrth] vkfn us Hkh fo"kerk ij fpUrk O;Dr dh gS
vkSj mUgsa ¼ukfj;ksa dks½ lekt dh eq[; /kkjk esa tqV tkus dh lykg Hkh gh gSA

1
 ;q)] vkradokn] lEiznk;okn] tkrh; rFkk uLyh vkSj lQyrk iwoZd efgykvksa ij
vR;kpkj ,oa lagkj fiNyh lnh dh igpku jgh gSA ;g ekuoh; fgalk dk ,d vn~Hkwr
:i dk mnkgj.k gh dgk tk;sxkA eq>s ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd viuk vgadkj rqf"V ,oa
vkfFkZd fo"kerk bldk ewy dkj.k gSA bUgha nksukas dkjdksa us fgalk dks ,d uohu laLFkk]
uohu rduhd] euksoSKkfud ;ksX;rk vkSj vn~Hkwr jpukRedrk dk :i ns fn;k gSA oLrqr%
mi;ZqDr leL;k;ksa ds ewy esa jktfld ,oa rkefld vgadkj dh rqf"V ds fy;s gh vkfFkZd
ekspkZcUnh dh xbZ gS vkSj vkfFkZd fo"kerk dh c<+ksrjh ls Hk;kog fLFkfr mRiUu gksrh jgh
gSA bl gksM+ us gekjs iwjs vfLrRo dks ekj Mkyus dh csgrj {kerk ds lkFk tksM+ fn;k gSA
bl ckr dh iqf"V bl ckr ls vkSj vf/kd ;qfDrlaxr <ax ls dh tk ldrh gS fd nqfu;k
ds lHkh ns'kksa ds j{kk ctV esa c<+ksrjh ,oa yksd dY;k.k ds ctV esa dVkSrh dj nh xbZ
gSA blls Hkh vkSj vf/kd fpUrk dk fo"k; ;g gS fd fo'o ds yxHkx lkB izfr'kr
oSKkfud izR;{k ;k ijks{k :i ls j{kk vuqla/kku esa yx x;s vFkok yxk;s x;s gSaA lalkj esa
efgyk vkSj iq:"k ds chp vlekurk us blesa egÙ[Link] Hkwfedk vnk dh gSA
vkt efgykvksa ds izfr vkslekfcu yknsu dk izfrca/k nqfu;k dks pkSdkus okyk jgk
gSA ;ksa vQxkfuLrku esa rkfycku ds iru ds ckn xfBr ljdkj us efgykvksa dks cjkcjh
ds volj nsus dh izfrc)rk crk;h gSA blls igys rkfycku 'kkludky esa efgykvksa dks
f'k{kk ,oa jkstxkj ls oafpr j[kk tkrk Fkk vkSj ?kj ls ckgj fudyrs le; cqdkZ iguuk
muds fy, vfuok;Z 'krZ FkhA vUrjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol ds volj ij vkB ekpZ dks
la;qDr jk"Vªla?k esa ,d fo'ks"k lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k x;k ftlesa vQxkfuLrku dh
efgykvksa dh fLFkfr ij fo'ks"k :i ls ppkZ dh xbZA lqJh ykjk cq'k us vius Hkk"k.k esa Hkh
vQxkfuLrku dh efgykvksa ds ckjs esa fo'ks"k ppkZ dh gSA1 vkSj rc ls vU;= Hkh budh
fo’ks"k ppkZ,¡ gks jgh gSaA
vQxkfuLrku esa gh ugha cfYd vU; ns’kksa esa Hkh fo"kerk n`f"Vxr gksrh gSA iq:"k
iz/kku lekt esa efgykvksa dks mudk okLrfod vf/kdkj nsus ds pkgs ftrus Hkh c;ku fn;s
tk;] i[kokjs vkSj efgyk l'kfDr o"kZ euk;k tk;] ysfdu ;g /kzqo lR; gS fd gekjs
lekt esa leLr lq/kkjksa ds ckotwn csVs ds tUe ij tSlh [kqf'k;k¡ vkSj t'u e;k;s tkrs
gSa] csVh ds tUe ij oSlk dqN ns[kus esa izk;% ugha vkrkA larkughu naifÙk Hkh oS|] gdhe

2
vkSj MkDVj ls bykt ds nkSjku iq= jRu izkfIr dh gh ea'kk tkfgj djrs gSaA ;g ek=
vQxkfuLrku dh gh ckr ugha gS cfYd ikfdLrku] bZjku] bjkd] bVyh vkfn jk"Vªksa esa Hkh
yxHkx ;gh fLFkfr gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy, U;k; vkSj lekurk ds fy, bZjku dh efgykvksa ds la?k"kZ 1979 esa
Økafr gqbZ] ftlesa bZjku ds 'kkg dk r[rk iyV fn;k x;h FkhA blds ckn gh efgykvksa
dh lekurk dh ckr izkjEHk gks x;k FkkA ml vkaUnksyu esa efgykvksa us c<+&p<+ dj
fgLlk fy;k FkkA mUgsa mEehn Fkh fd 'kkg ds neudkjh 'kklu ds i'pkr~ mUgsa leku
ukxfjd vf/kdkj feysaxsA ysfdu ckr mYVh gks xbZA lÙkk esa vk;s bLykfed fjifCyd us
fiNys n'kdksa esa feys vf/kdkjksa dks Hkh Nhu fy;kA muds ikl flQZ oksV nsus dk vf/kdkj
jg x;k] tks mUgsa 1963 ds vUr esa feyk FkkA v;krqYyk [kqeSuh ds usr`Ro esa bLykfed
ljdkj us efgykvksa ls lacaf/kr vusd dkuwu jn~n dj fn;s vkSj ;g [Link]; fy;k x;k fd
dksbZ efgyk U;k;/kh'k vFkok tt ugha gks ldrh gSA bls 1967 esa ykxw fd;k x;k vkSj
ifjokj laj{k.k dkuwu Hkh jn~n dj fn;k x;kA
bruk ugha yM+fd;ksa dh fookg dh U;wure vk;q de djds ukS o"kZ vkSj yM+dksa dh
U;wure vk;q pkSng o"kZ dj nh x;hA yM+dksa dh vf/kdre vk;q ij dksbZ fopkj ugha gks
ik;k vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy;s cqdkZ iguuk vfuok;Z cuk fn;k x;kA leqæh rV tSls
lkoZtfud LFkyksa ij efgykvksa dk izos'k oftZr dj fn;k x;k vkSj mUgsa [ksyksa esa Hkkx ysus
ij Hkh ikcanh yxkbZ xbZA bZjku esa efgyk vkUnksyu ds v/;;u ds fy, gksek gqnQkj us
,lksfl;s'ku QkWj oweu bu MsoyiesaV ([Link]) ds lg;ksx ls fefM;kokyksa us izek.k izkIr
fd;k gSA tgk¡ rd rkykd dk iz'u gS og 20] 30 vkSj 40 o"kZ ckn Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA
1997 esa ,d vkSj mnkj usrk eksgEen [kkreh ds lÙkk esa vkus ds i'pkr~ efgykvksa dh
mifLFkfr vkSj mHkjdj lkeus vkbZA
tukc [kkreh ds jk"Vªifr dky esa efgyk,¡ laxfBr gqbZ gSa vkSj mu ij yxh vusd
ikcafn;ka gVk yh xbZ gSaA fdUrq vHkh Hkh mudh gkyr vPNh ugha gS] vlekurk n`f"Vxkspj
gks gh jgh gSA ikfdLrku ds U;k;ky; esa rks ,d iq:"k ds cnys nks vkSj mlls Hkh vf/kd
efgyk dks xokgh nsuk iM+rk gSA vFkkZr~ nks ;k mlls vf/kd efgyk feydj ,d iq:"k ds
cjkcj gksrs gSaA

3
 tgk¡ rd izkphu Hkkjr dk iz'u gS ;gk¡ dh efgykvksa dk bfrgkl xkSjoe; FkkA
oSfnd ;qx esa Hkkjrh; lekt O;oLFkk dh /kwjh efgyk gh FkhA thou ds izR;sd {ks= esa
mudh lfØ; Hkwfedk jgh gSA 'kkL=ksa ds l`tu ls ysdj egÙ[Link] QSlyk ysus lEcU/kh
izR;sd izfØ;k vkSj gj eksM+ ij os ekStn jgh gSaA blfy, lekt esa [Link] okrkoj.k
FkkA gjsd {ks= esa ns'k dh Js"Brk n`f"Vxr gksrh FkhA [Link] lalkj fo'ks"k :i ls ,f'k;k]
Hkkjr dh izxfr vkSj fprau 'kSyh ls xEHkhj :i ls izHkkfor FkkA ysfdu bl fodkl
izfØ;k eas fons'kh geykojksa us ck/kk igqapk;hA bu fonsf'k;ksa us vkilh Hksn&Hkko ykdj
budh lH;rk ,o laL—fr dks u"V djus dk gj lEHko iz;kl fd;k vkSj vkilh
oSeuL;rk dk ykHk mBkdj Hkkjr dks ,d ckj ugha vusd ckj jkSankA ns'k jktuSfrd :i
ls ijk/khu gks x;kA lkekftd n`f"V ls iru ds xrZ esa fxjkA feF;k /[Link] vkSj
vizklafxd :f<+;ksa ds cy ij mls ek= x`[Link] cuk fn;k x;kA
x`[Link] ds :i esa Hkh mlds dsoy drZO; gh fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;sA vf/kdkj ds uke
ij rks muds ikl flQZ *tuuh* cuuk gh 'ks"k jgkA ,slh fLFkfr esa dqN fo}kuksa us Hkh
dguk izkajHk dj fn;k fd ßLoka izlwfr pfj=a p dqyekRekueso p] Loa p /keZ iz;Rusu tk;ka
j{k.k gh j{kfrAÞ vFkkZr~ lHkh iq:"kksa dks pkfg;s fd viuh fL=;ksa dks Lora= u gksus nsa]
fdlh fo"k;ksa esa vklDr gksus ij Hkh mUgsa vius o’k esa j[ksaA dqekjh voLFkk esa firk] ;qok
voLFkk esa ifr vkSj o`)koLFkk esa iq= mlh j{kk djrk gSA
bl Hk;kog fLFkfr ds [Link] dk ,glkl gksrs gh vk/kqfud lekt lq/kkjdksa us bu
dqjhfr;ksa ls efgyk lekt dks eqDr djus dk iz;Ru izkjaHk dj fn;kA Lokeh n;kuUn
ljLorh] jktk jkeeksgu jk;] egf"kZ djos] egkRek Qqys tSls lekt lq/kkjd lewph fLFkfr
ds vkdyu ds vk/kkj ij bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡ps fd efgykvksa dks lekt dh eq[;/kkjk ls
ckgj j[kus ds dkj.k ns'k esa tM+rk vkSj mnklhurk dk izlkj gqvkA inkZ izFkk vkSj vf'k{kk
izeq[k tdM+us FkhA jktk jkeeksgu jk; us lrh izFkk dk MVdj fojks/k gh ugha fd;k cfYd
inkZizFkk tSls dqjhfr;ksa dks cUn dj f'k{kk ikus ds fy, mUgsa iszfjr Hkh fd;kA f'k{kk ds
ek/;e ls os vius vf/kdkjksa ,oa dÙkZO;ksa dks le> ik;saxh vkSj ns'k dk fodkl laHko
gksxkA

4
 njvly Hkkjr dh vkRek us dHkh Hkh bl fo"kerk ,oa oSeuL;rk dks Lohdkj ugha
fd;kA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa rks vHksn n`f"V dh gh iwtk gksrh jgh gSA tSu n’kZu us Hkh
euq";ksa dh lekurk ,oa Lora=rk dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA ckS)ksa us Hkh bls Lohdkj fd;k gSA
cq) us Lo;a vius f'k";ksa dks vkns'k fn;k gS fd ** lc ns'kksa esa tkvksa vkSj bl /kkfeZd
fl)kUr dk mins'k djksA mUgsa crkvks fd fu/kZu ,oa uhp tkfr ds O;fDr vkSj /kuh ,oa
mPp ?kjkus okys lc ,d gSa] vkSj ;g fd bl /keZ esa lc tkfr feydj ,d gks tkrs gSa
tSls fd leqæ esa iM+dj lc ufn;k¡ ,d gks tkrh gSaA**2
tSu n’kZu ds esa 'osrkEcjksa us ,oa ckS)ks esa egk;kfu;ksa us lekurk ,oa Lora=rk dk
[kqydj izpkj fd;k gSA vkSj fgUnqvksa dk bfrgkl ftls iqjk.k dgk tkrk gS] esa cryk;k
x;k gS fd ijksidj gh iq.; gS vkSj nwljs dks ihM+k igq¡pkuk gh iki gS ¼bl fcUnq ij
vBkjg [Link] esa cryk;k x;k gS fd ijksidkj gh iq.; gS vkSj nwljs dks ihM+k igq¡pkuk gh
iki gS½ bl fcUnq ij vBkjg iqjk.k ,der gSaA Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk esa rks **loZHkwr fgrs% jrk%**
dh ckr crykbZ xbZ gSA blfy;s ukfj;ksa dks fuEu dguk vFkok mudk ’kks"k.k djuk
vFkok mUgsa mRihfM+r djuk gkL;kin gh gSA vU; xzUFkksa esa Hkh bl ckr dh lEiqf"V dh
xbZ gSA
vkt dk Hkkjr Hkys gh dqN va'k esa bldk mnkgj.k cu tk; vFkok cuk;k tk;
fdUrq igys bldh fLFkfr orZeku ls csgrj FkhA vkt Hkh lqizhe dksVZ dks efgyk vf/kdkj
vFkok ijs'kkuh ds laca/k esa dksbZ vf/kd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+kA pw¡fd Hkkjr
dh vkRek igys Hkh dcwy dj jgh Fkh vkSj vkt Hkh dowy djus dks rS;kj gSA fgUnw'kkL=
esa efgyk vkSj iq:"k nksukas dks leku egÙo fn;k x;k gSA Mkñ t;'kadj feJ us Hkh fy[kk
gS fd **fgUnw fopkjdksa dh n`f"V esa L=h&iq:"k dk Hksn ugha FkkA**3 vkSj ;fn Fkk rks og
izk—frd ekeyksa esa ghA lkekftd] /kkfeZd] jktuSfrd ,oa uSfrd n`f"Vdks.k ls nksuksa dks
leku lÙkk ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk FkkA bu fgUnqvksa us rks ;gk¡ rd dgk fd ftl
dqy esa fL=;ksa dh iwtk gksrh gS] ml dqy ij nsork izlUu gksrs gSa vkSj ftl dqy esa
budh iwtk ugha gksrh ml dqy ds loZdeZ fu"Qy gks tkrs gSaA
fgUnqvksa dk loZJs"B Le`frxzUFk euqLe`fr esa rks Li"V dgk x;k gS fd **;= uk;ZLrq]
iwT;Urs jeUrs r= nsork%A ;=SrkLrq u iwT;rs lokZLr=kQyk% fØ;kAA 'kksp;fUr tke;ks ;=

5
fou'pR;k'k rRdqyeA u 'kkspofUr rq ;=Srko/kZrsA rn~o`f) loZnkAA ¼euq 3-56&57½4 ;gk¡
rks ?kks"[Link] ds rkSj ij Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd ftl dqy esa ?kj dh fL=;k¡ ¼tkfe½ 'kksd
djrh gSa] og dqy 'kh?kz gh u"V gks tkrk gS vkSj ftl dqy esa ;k oa'k esa os 'kksd ugha
djrh og oa'k loZnk mUufr djrk gSA vkxs ,d LFky ij ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd mUufr
pkgus okys euq";ksa dks fL=;ksa ds izfr vknj&lRdkj dh Hkkouk ,oa fØ;k ls lEiUu gksuk
pkfg,A5
johUæ ukFk VSxksj us rks fy[kk gS& True womanliness is regarded in our country as
the saintliness of love. It is not merely praised there, but literally worshipped; and
she who is gifted with it is called Devi, as one revealing in herself Woman, the Divine."6
¼fØ;sfVo ;wfuVh i`"B 162½ ljLorh] nqxkZ] dkyh vkfn blds ToyUr mnkgj.k gSaA
blfy;s dgk x;k gS& “In India, our mind is familiar with the idea of god in an eternal
feminine aspects. Thus the Eastern woman, who is deeply awre in her heart of the sacredress of her
mission, is a constant education to man.”
oLrqr% Hkkjrh; fpUrdksa dh n`f"V esa vehj ;k lH; vFkok lkekftd n`f"V ls mPp
tkfr dh efgyk gha ugha cfYd [Link] ukjh lekt l`f"V ds izkjaHk ls gh vuUr [Link] dh
[Link] jgh gSA blfy;s rks jfoUæukFk VSxksj us viuh iqLrd ßfØ;sfVo ;qfuVhÞ esa fy[kk gS
fd Hkkjr dh vkSjrsa ges’kk ls R;kx vkSj cfynku ds fy;s rS;kj jgh gSaA mUgha ds ’kCnksa esa
“Woman has to be ready to suffer... women of India, like women everywhere, have their share of
suffering but it radiates through the ideal, and becomes, like sunlight, a creative force
in their world.” ¼fØ;sfVo ;wfuVh] i`- 163½ lkfo=h us e`R;q ij fot; izkIr dj fn[kk
gSA vkSj lhrk Lo;a us yo&dq’k dk ikyu&iks"k.k dj iwoZ ekuo :i iznku dj fn[kk
fn;k gS nh vFkkZr~ os iq:"kksa ls fdlh n`f"Vdks.k ls de ugha FkhA
xjhc vkSj vehj vFkok mPp ,oa fuEu dk ekeyk ckn esa pydj cuk gSA
njvly 'kq: esa i`Foh tSlh {kerk] lw;Z tSlk rst] leqæ tSlh xEHkhjrk] pUæek] tSlh
'khryrk] ioZrksa ds ln`'; ekufld mnkÙkrk vFkok mPprk gesa ,d lkFk efgykvksa ds
g`n; esa n`f"Vxkspj gksrh gSA og n;k] eerk] izse vkSj d:.kk dh ewfrZ gS vkSj le; iM+us
ij izp.M&[Link] Hkh curh jgh gSA vk/kqfud vkradoknh laxBuksa esa blfy, rks efgykvksa

6
dks 'kkfey fd;k tk jgk gSA laxBu dÙkkZ dh Li"V lksp gS fd tgk¡ dksbZ vkSj u igq¡p
lds ogk¡ ;s >V ls fcuk jksd&Vksd ds vklkuh ls igq¡p tkrh gSaA
Hkkjr ds HkwriwoZ iz/kkuea=h LoxhZ; jktho xk¡/kh ds 'kjhj ds fpFkM+sa mM+ x;s vkSj
psgjs dk irk ugha pykA og :i Hkh efgyk dk gh FkkA igys rkM+dk] lqjlk] 'kwiZ.k[kk]
vkfn jk{klh dh ckr dh tkrh Fkh ;k ckS) /keZ esa ekj dks fo?u Mkyus okyh 'kfDr
cryk;k x;k gSA xkSre dh riL;k ds Øe esa cq)Ro ls iwoZ gh lkaph ds rksj.k ij
*ekj&fot;* dk n`'; [kqnk gSA +……… jk{klh lsuk izLrj rFkk o`{k dh 'kk[kk,¡ Qasd dj
¼cq) dh½ riL;k esa fo?u mifLFkr dj jgh gSaA vUrr% cq) us ekj ij fot; izkIr dj
yhA7 fQj lqtkrk tks mUgsa [khj f[kykrh gS og Hkh n`'; ukjh dk gh gSA vFkkZr~ ogk¡ ukjh
us gh m)kjd dk dke fd;k gSA vFkkZr~ lcfyfeVh ;k mnkÙk pfj= ds lkFk gh lkFk
Øwjrk dks /kkj.k djus dk Hkh mUgsa lkeF;Z izkIr FkkA dkSfVY; us Hkh muesa uj ls N% [Link]
vf/kd lkglh ekuk gSA
vr% og iq:"kksa dh rjg vorkj Hkh ysrh jgh gSaA og euq"; ds thou dh
tUenk=h Hkh gSA ek¡ y{eh] ljLorh ,oa ikoZrh dks txr~&tuuh ekuk tkrk jgk gSA Jh
y{ehth dk vorkj Jh lhrkth ds lEcU/k esa xksLokeh rqylhnkl us Bhd gh fy[kk gS fd
**lksg uoy ruq laqnj lkjhA txr~ tufu vrqfyr Nfo HkkjhAA vFkkZr~ lhrkth ds uoy
'kjhj ij lqUnj lkM+h lq'kksfHkr gSA txRtuuh dh egku~ Nfc vrqyuh; gSA m/kj tSlk
fd igys Hkh ladsr fd;k tk pqdk gS fd iq:"kksa esa ;fn jk{klksa dh rks efgykvksa esa
jk{kfl;ksa dh rFkk iq:"k esa ;fn nso gSa rks efgykvksa esa nsfo;ksa dh Hkh de egÙkk ugha gSA
yafduh dks igjs ij j[kuk fQj vkdk'k esa mM+us okys thoksa dks pVdj tkus okyh jk{klh
dk Hkh ftØ vkrk gSA8
blls ;g irk pyrk gS fd efgyk Lora= ,oa 'kks"k.k eqDr FkhA og dkyh] nqxkZ
vFkok rkM+dk dh rjg ;q) dj ldrh Fkh vkSj viuh bPNkuqlkj fdlh [kkl iq:"k dk
oj.k dj ldrk FkkA iq:"k dk fojks/k djuk muds fy, og izk.k&?kkrd fl) gks ldrk
FkkA mnkgj.k ds fy, 'kwiZ.k[kk dgrh gS esjs ;ksX; iq:"k txr~ Hkj esa ugha gS] eSaus rhu
yksdksa dks [kkst fy;k gSA blh dkj.k eSa vc rd dqekjh ¼vfookfgr½ jghA vr% rqedks
ns[kdj dqN eu ekuk gS vkSj muds ugha ekuus ij Hk;Hkhr djrh gSA

7
 vr% efgykvksa dk ijrU= ,oa 'kksf"kr gksus dh ckr Fkh gh ughaA gkykafd nso ,oa
nkuoksa ds pfj= dk v/;;u uhfr'kkL= ugha djrk gSA ;g lk/kkj.k lkekftd O;fDr;ksa ds
vkpj.k dk gh v/;;u djrk gSA og Hkh ,sfPNd dk;ksZ dk ghA O;kogkfjd uhfr'kkL= ds
lkFk ;gh fl)kUr ykxw gksrk gSA
fookg ds izlax esa euqLe`fr dh rqyuk esa ukjn ,oa ;kKoYD; Le`fr vf/kd
O;kogkfjd n`f"Vxr gksrk gSaA tgk¡ rd fo/kok fookg dk iz'u gS ukjn Le`fr dh rjg ;k
;kKoY; Le`fr esa Hkh bldh vuqefr nh xbZ gSA vkSj mlesa tks 'krZ ;k O;oLFkk nh xbZ gS
og euqLe`fr dh rqyuk esa vf/kd O;kogkfjd gSA
blls ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd ml le; ftl rjg iq:"k iRuh dh e`R;q vFkok
ck¡> gksus vFkok fdlh [kkl chekjh ls xzflr gksus ij] nwljh 'kknh dj ysrs Fks( oSls iRuh
Hkh [kkl ijfLFkfr;ksa esa nwljs ls lEidZ LFkkfir dj iq= mRiUu dj ldrh Fkh ;k fookg
dj ldrh FkhA ;ksa efgykvksa dks R;kx vkSj cfynku dks dkSu ugha tkurk gSA yksd eaxy
ds fy, fd, x;s dk;Z ,sfPNd deZ ds vUrxZr gh vkrs gSaA dke djuk ;k ugha] ;g
mudh bPNk ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA tSls vkt lekt }kjk Fkksih xbZ ijaijk dk fojks/k gks
jgk gS oSls igys Hkh ?kVuk,a ?kVrh jgh gaSA
egkHkkjr dky esa æksinh dk [Link] ds lkFk fookg vLoh—r dj nsuk ,oa ;q) djus
ds izlax esa vkukdkuh djus ij ifr;ksa dks f/kDdkjuk rFkk ;q) esa Lo;a Hkkx ysus dh ckr
Hkh mudh Lora=rk ,oa iq:"kkFkZ dk gh izek.k fl) gksrk gSA og iq:"kksa dh rjg ohj]
lkglh ,oa ijkØeh Hkh jgh gSA dSd;h dh enn dks dkSu ugha tkurk fd jktk n’kjFk
dks mlus dSls enn nh FkhA fQj 'kqHknzk Hkh j.k dkS’ky ls ifjfpr FkhA vk/kqfud ;qx eas
egkjkuh y{eh ckbZ rFkk csxe gtjr egy vkfn efgykvksa us ftl ohjrk ds lkFk vaxzsth
gqdwer dks m[kkM+ Qsadus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] mlls Hkkjrh; ukfj;ksa dks ,dckjxh fQj
vglkl gqvk fd lekt vkSj ns'k ds izfr mudk nkf;Ro ß,d eka] ,d cgu vkSj ,d
iRuh ds nkf;Ro ls de ugha gSAÞ
tSu 'osrkEcj&iUFk esa rks ukfj;k¡ fHk{[Link] gks ldrh gSa] fdUrq tSu
fnxEcj&iUFkokyksa us ?kks"[Link] dj nh Fkh eqfDr ukfj;ksa ds fy, ugha gSA ukfj;ksa dks pkfg,
fd os lhfer /keZ dk ikyu djsa] ftlls vxys tUeksa esa os iq:"k dk tUe xzg.k dj ldsaA

8
D;ksafd eks{k&ykHk ds lehi vkus ij mUgsa iq:"k gksdj tUe ysuk gh iMs+xkA fdUrq] cq) ds
thou esa gh bl uhfr ds nq"[Link] fn[kk;h iMs& ßvkuUn! eSaus tks /keZ pyk;k Fkk] og
ik¡p gekj o"kZ rd fVdus okyk Fkk] ysfdu vc og flQZ ik¡p lkS o"kZ pysxk] D;ksafd geus
fL=;ksa dks la?k esa lfEefyr gksus dh vkKk ns nh gSAÞ fgUnw&efUnjksa esa Hkh tks nsonklh dh
izFkk py iM+h] og ckS)ksa dh bl fHk{[Link]&izFkk dh gh nsu FkhA9
fdUrq fgUnw’kkL=ksa ds lkFk ,slh ckrs ugha gS Jhen~Hkxon~ xhrk esa mUgsa {kek] ?k`fr]
fo|kLo:ik vkfn cryk;k x;k gS& ßdhfrZ% JhokZDp [Link] Le`fresZ/kk ?k`fr% {kekA10
(Among women, I am kirti, Sri, Vak, Smrti, Medha, Dhrti and Ksama (The goddesses presiding
over glory, prosperity, speech, memory, intelligence, steadfastness and forbearance
respectively)
vU;= ’kwnz vkSj efgyk ds lEcU/k esa Jhen~Hkxon~ xhrk ds vUrxZr cryk;k x;k
gS% fL=;ks oS’;kLrFkk ’kwækLrsfi ;kfUr ijka xfre~AA
(Arjuna Women! Vaisyas, Sudras as well as those of vile birth, whoever they may be taking refuge
in me they too attain the supreme goal.)11 vFkkZr~ 'kwnz vkSj ukfj;k¡ nksuksa ije iq:"kkFkZ
izkIr dj ldrh gSaA ;kuh iq:"kkFkZ dh n`f"V ls lHkh leku gSaA
MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k us Hkh uj vkSj ukjh dh xSj&cjkcjh dks [kRe djus dh
lh[k nh gSA budh n`f"V esa bldks lekIr fd;s fcuk nwljh Hkh xSj&cjkcjh [kRe ¼lekIr½
djuk vlaHko gS vkSj ;g xSj cjkcjh [kRe rHkh gksxh tc fd ukjh dks 'kk;n ges'kk ds
fy, laxBu ds ekeys esa T;knk ekSdk vFkok fo’ks"k volj fn;k tk,A Hkhejko vEcsMdj
dh Hkh ;gh ekU;rk jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkt ukfj;ksa ds l’kfDrdj.k ds fy;s
iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA ;gk¡ igys ls gh os 'kkL=kFkZ esa Hkkx ysrh jgh gSaA yksikeqæk] ?kks"kk]
Hkkjrh ¼[Link] feJ dh iRuh½ vkfn fonq"kh efgyk dks dkSu ugha tkurk gSA bl rjg dh
J)ke;h efgyk ds fo"k; esa t;'kadj izlkn dh —fr dkek;uh] tks fd Hkkjrh; lekt
dk izfrfuf/k egkdkO; dh cjkcjh j[krk gS] esa cryk;k x;k gS & **ukjh rqe dsoy J)k
gks] fo'okl jtr ux&ix ry esaA ih;w"k lzksr lh cgk djks thou ds lqUnj lery esaAÞ
;gk¡ Lej.k j[kuk pkfg;s fd**J)k** R;kx vkSj riL;k dh v/kkjf'kyk ij gh og
vofLFkr jg ldrh gSA ;kKoY; dh iRuh dk pfj= bldk toyar mnkgj.k gSA mUgksaus
vk/;kfRed lEifÙk ds le{k lkalkfjd /ku dks rqPN crykdj fo'o esa viuk [Link];

9
LFkku izkIr fd;k gSA og vkt Hkh J)kiwoZd ;kn dh tkrh gSA bl vkn'kZ ,oa riL;k ds
cy ij gh iq:"kksikftZr æO; ds O;; vkSj lap; dh og Lokfeuh cuh jghA fcuk x`[Link]
ds x`g dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrh gSA dgk x;k gS& **u x`g x`gfeR;kgq% x`fguh
x`geqP;rsA x`ga fg x`[Link]~ vj.;ln`'ka e`re~AA** bruk gh ugha ukjh dk bruk egÙo
Fkk fd lk/kkj.k iq:"kkas dh rks D;k nsoksa ds nso egknso dks Hkh viuh x`[Link] ds x`g ij
fHk{kkVu djrs n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
blls ml le; dh efgykvksa dk egÙo ,oa opZLo dk irk pyrk gSA dgha iq:"k
iz/kku Fks rks dgha efgyk] nksuksa esa fdUgha dks fuEu crykuk mfpr ugha gSA bl lEcU/k esa
vjLrw dk lans'k Lohdkj djuk mfpr izrhr gksrk gSA mudk dguk gS fd okluk] fØ;k]
cqf) vkfn dk leUo; dj foosd mRiUu dj ldrs gSa rFkk foosd ds dkj.k ln~[Link]
gksdj U;k; izkIr dj ldrs gSaA blds fy;s gesa e/;e ekxZ dk vuqlj.k djuk gksxkA
e/;e ekxZ O;kogkfjd uSfrdrk dk lwpd gSA bleas le>kSrk dk fl)kUr vge~ Hkwfedk
vnk djrk gSA ;gh le>kSrs dk fl)kUr nksuksa dks cjkcjh dh Hkh lh[k nsrk jgk gSA
fdUrq ;g lh[k Hkkjr dh ijrU=rk ds dkj.k feVus yxh vkSj ukjh ijrUr= gksus yxhA
esfd;kosyh fQDVs] fuR’ks vkfn dh vo/[Link] Hkh bl ds fy;s de ftEesnkj ugha gSA 'kfDr
ikus dh gksM+ esa ;g lc ?kVuk ?kVus yxh gSA
vc Li"V gS fd Hkkjr dh ijrU=rk ds lkFk&lkFk efgykvksa dh ijrU=rk dk Hkh
[Link]'k gqvk gSA ,d nwljs ds fy, isze] d:.kk vkSj cfynku dh Hkkouk us dkykUrj esa
fo"k vFkok ?k`.kk ,oa }s"k dk :i /kkj.k dj fy;kA mudk iqjkru lsok&Hkko mUgha ds fy;s
?kkrd cu x;kA [kkldj bczkfge yksnh ,oa eqxyksa ds 'kklu dky esa funZ;h iq:"kksa us
mUgas cU/kuksa esa tdM+ fy;k vkSj rHkh bUgsa O;fDrxr ;k lkewfgd :i esa fpÙkk Hkh ltkuh
iM+hA jk[kh dh lgk;rk ysuh iM+h vkSj ,slh n;uh; fLFkfr esa gh xksLokeh rqylhnkl dks
dguk iM+k gksxk fd **iq:"k ds fcuk ukjh dh og fLFkfr cu tkrh gS tks fLFkfr ikuh ds
fcuk unh dh cu tkrh gSA ;k fQj leqæ ds ek/;e ls ;g dguk fd **<ksy x¡okj lwæ
ilq ukjhA ldy rkM+uk ds vf/kdkjhAÞ12 ;k vulw;kth dk ;g dguk] L=h tUe ls gh
vifo= gksrh gS vkSj ifr gh ijes'oj gS] ;g dguk vfr'k;ksfDr gSA

10
 njvly mlh le; esa rhu rjg dh fL=;ksa dh ppkZ djds mUgksaus mudh Lora=rk
dk Hkh izek.k ns fn;k gSA fo'ks"k lko/kkuh ,oa izfrca/k dh ckr tks dqN n`f"Vxr gksrs gSa
og bLyke ds dkj.k gSA bLyke esa ukjh dks u igys Lora=rk Fkh u vkt gh gSA igys
ukjh dks [ksr vkSj vaxwj dk cxhpk dgk x;k gSA13 fQj mUgas /kjrh dgk x;k gS vkSj Hkwfe
dh moZjk 'kfDr dks iq:"k ds v/khu cryk;k gSA bfrgkl ds v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd
ukjh dh fLFkfr cjkcj ,d&lh ugha jghA vusd ckj efgykvksa dh fLFkfr vU; Js"B
O;fDr o laLFkk }kjk detksj cukbZ xbZ gSA vkSj detksj cukus dh ckrs pyrh jgh gSA14
ckcj vkSj mlls iwoZ bczkfge yksnh vkfn eqlyekuksa dk 'kklu gh blds fy, mÙkjnk;h
gSA dqN 'kkldksa us bls eglwl Hkh fd;kA blfy, vdcj us vius fl)kUrksa esa ujeh dk
:[k viuk;kA fdUrq fQj vkSjatsc ds le; vkSj fQj muds ckn ds 'kkldksa ds le;
mudh fLFkfr fQj ogh gks xbZA muds 'kklu dky esa ftu jkT;ksa esa lSfud vf/kuk;d jgs
;k ,d gh uk;d ds gkFkksa esa lkjh 'kfDr jgh] muesa efgykvksa dks dHkh Hkh fo'ks"k lqfo/kk,¡
ugha feyhA
Hkkjr esa lcls jkspd ckr ;g gS fd vfr izkphu dky ls vHkh rd ,d
lkaLd`frd fujarjrk ns[kus esa vkrh gS tks vU; dgha n`f"Vxr ugha gksrhA ;fn dgha dqN
ekeyksa eas n`f"Vxr gksrh Hkh gS rks vO;ofLFkr :i esaA ;g fujarjrk dsoy Hkwfed vo'ks"kksa
ls gh [Link] ugha gksrh cfYd blls Hkh gksrh gS fd esgjx<+ ds le; ls eqxy dky rd
dh thou n`f"V esa Hkh ,d fujarjrk gS tks vius vkl&ikl ds nwljs ns'kksa ls fcYdqy
i`Fkd~ vfLrRo j[krh gSA blesa i'kqvksa vkSj if{k;ksa rd dks dgha Øwj ugha fn[kk;k x;k gSA
bruk gha ugha os ,d nwljs ij >iVk ekjrs ;k nwljs dk f'kdkj djrs ugha fn[kkbZ
iM+rsA muds fp=.k esa Hkh ,d xfjek gSA ekuo d`fr;ksa ds vadu esa Hkh ,d lH;rk vkSj
'kkafr dh laLd`fr gS u fd ruko] ?k`.kk ;k vkØks'k dk cksyckyk gSA igyh ckj ;g ijaijk
eqxydky esa [[Link] gksrh gS tc gkFkh lfgr nwljs tkuojksa dks ,d nwljs ij izgkj djrs
fn[kk;k tkrk gSA bldk izHkko iM+uk LokHkkfod gh gSA muds ¼eqlyekuksa ds½ 'kkL= esa Hkh
bUgsa ¼ukjh dks½s fuEu LFkku fn;k x;k gSA
dqjk.k esa ukjh dks mRifÙk dk xkS.k dkj.k cryk;k x;k gSA mlesa ikS:"kh;
fl)kUr dks gh l`f"V dk iz/kku dkj.k vFkok mldk tud cryk;k x;k gSA bldk

11
izpkj&izlkj Hkkjr esa tedj gqvkA bruk gh ugha cfYd bu fonsf’k;ksa ds dkj.k vU;
fonsf’k;ksa dk Hkh vkxeu gksrk jgkA dqN us rks ywV&ikV epkdj bls u"V djus dh
dksf'k'k dh] rks dqN us lkaLd`frd fojklr dks feVkus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;kA blh
iz;kl ds dkj.k ,fpyl] vjLrw ,oa fgiksØsfVl ds fl)kUr dk Hkh tedj izpkj&izlkj
gqvkA budh n`f"V esa efgyk i`Foh vkSj iq:"k cht :i] fQj nwljs LFky ij efgyk dks
ty vkSj iq:"k dks vfXu cryk;k x;k gSA ,d vU; txg iq:"k dh rqyuk lw;Z ls Hkh
dh xbZ gS vkSj efgyk dh rqyuk i`Foh vkSj leqæ ls dh xbZ gSA15
bLyke dh rjg bZlkbZ /keZ esa Hkh l`f"V dh izR;sd dkYifud dFkk esa efgyk dh
xkS.k fLFkfr dk ftØ fd;k x;k gSA bZlkbZ /keZ esa tks l`f"V fl)kUr gS mls ik'pkR;
fpardksa us ekU;rk ns nhA ;ksa dgk tk; fd ik'pkR; lH;rk bl fl)kUr dks ekU;rk nsrh
gSA16 vaxzstksa us Hkh Hkkjr dh lkaL—frd fojklr dks rksM+us dk gh dke fd;k gSA efgykvksa
dk lcls cM+k vfHk'kki rks ;g gqvk fd ;q)Lrjh; lkjh ?kVukvksa ;k nq?kZVukvksa ls mls
fcYdqy oafpr j[kk x;kA eqlyekuksa dk bfrgkl jDrjaftr jgk gSA vU; dks vius dCts
esa ysuk rks vke ckr gks xbZ FkhA bruk gh ugha os rks viuh lÙkk ds fy, firk ¼vkSjatsc
dk vius firk 'kkgtgka ds lkFk tks O;ogkj jgk og bfrgkl esa vuks[kk gS½ dks Hkh ugha
NksM+kA mUgsa Hkh tsy esa j[kk ,oa nkus&nkus ds fy;s rM+Qkuk bl ckr dk lcwr gSA
fQj eqxydky ds ckn vaxzstksa dk 'kklu vk;kA mUgksaus Hkh bl fn’kk esa dqN dke
fd;k vkSj Lora=rk ds ckn xka/kh] usg:] yksfg;k] vEcsMdj vkfn us Hkh ukfj;ksa dh f’k{kk
,oa Lora=rk ij /;ku fn;kA pkj flrEcj 1995 esa fo'o dk lcls cM+k pkSFkk fo'o
efgyk lEesyu euk;k x;k gSA mles efgykvksa dh n;uh; fLFkfr ij Hkh fopkj fd;k
x;kA Jherh utek gsirqYyk us Jherh HkqV~Vks ds oDrO; dk tokc nsrs gq, dgk gS fd
ikfdLrku dks [kqn vius ls ;g loky djuk pkfg, fd vkradokn vkSj efgykvksa dh
fLFkfr ds ekeys esa mldk D;k bfrgkl jgk gS\ ikfdLrku esa vHkh Hkh efgykvksa dh
n;uh; fLFkfr vU; ns’kksa ls vf/kd gSA ikfdLrku dh ßgdhdrÞ uked iqLrd ls Hkh bl
ckr dh iqf"V gksrh gSA ,sls vU; eqYdksa esa Hkh mudh fLFkfr n;uh; gSA mu eqYdksa ds
bfrgkl dk v/;;u djus ls irk pyrk gS fd lÙkk ds en esa iq:"k Hkksx&foykl esa yhu
jgus yxkA og xqykeksa ij vkR;kpkj vkSj os';kvksa ls O;fHkpkj djus yxkA blh Øe esa

12
cgqjax vkSj cgqfookg ds vf/kdkj Hkh iq:"kksa us izkIr fd,A og vkfFkZd neu ls mits
lkekftd neu dk f'kdkj gqbZA 'kk;n blhfy, lhesu n~ cksmokj us cscj dh mfDr;ksa dks
mn~/k`r fd;k gS fd **vkSjr vkSj loZgkjk nksuksa gh nfyr gSa vkSj nksuksa ds lkekftd
tkxj.k dh laHkkouk ;kaf=d lH;rk esa vf/kd ik;h tkrh gSA**17
fe[kkby nq[khZe dh jpukvksa esa Hkh bl ckr dh iqf"V dh xbZ gSA O;fDrxr lEifÙk
ds yksHk ls iq:"k esa LokfeRo dh Hkkouk fodflr gqbZ rFkk og tehu dk ekfyd cuus
yxk vSj rc xqykeksa dk Hkh ekfyd cu cSBk vFkkZr~ ml le; og xqykeksa dk ekfyd Fkk
vkSj rc cuk L=h dk Hkh ekfydA ;gha ls efgyk dh xqykeh dh dgkuh 'kq: gksrh gSA18
fe[kkby nq[khZe] iSjsVks] eSDl oscj ,oa dkyZ ekDlZ vkSj ,axsYl dh jpukvksa ls Hkh bl ckr
dh lEiqf"V gksrh gSA gksyh QSeyh ds v/;;u ls ;g ckr vkSj Li"V gks tkrh gSA
efgykvksa dh leL;k] mlds Je dh {kerk dh leL;k esa U;wuh—r dh tk ldrh
gSA fdUrq vk/kqfud fodflr ;kaf=dh us {kerk ds Lrj ij Hkh dqN ekeyksa esa efgykvkssa dks
iq:"kksa ds cjkcj [kM+k dj fn;k gS vkSj vkxs vU; leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, os
iz;Ru'khy gSaA
efgykvksa esa fuEu Hkkoukvksa dk vkxeu futh lEifÙk dh vo/[Link] ls Hkh gqvk gSA
;g vo/[Link] fgUnqLrku dh viuh ugha cfYd nwljs txgksa ls izkIr gqbZ gSA ugha rks nqxkZ]
dkyh dh rjg y{ehckbZ vaxzstksa ls yksgk D;ksa ysrh\ blfy, rks johUæukFk VSxksj us fy[kk
gS& This is why, in India, Woman has been described as the symbol of shakti, the creative power."19
jft;k csxe] uwjtgk¡] bfUnjk xk¡/kh vkfn dks l`tukRed 'kfDr ekuus ls fdldks bUdkj
gks ldrk gS\
Jherh bfUnjk xka/kh caxyk ns'k dh Lora=rk ds lUnHkZ esa fo'o ds jktuhfrKksa dks
lcd nsdj xbZ gSA vr% efgykvksa ij vR;kpkj vFkok mUgsa xkS.k LFkku iznku djuk
fgUnqLrku dh xfjek ds izfrdwy gh dgk ldrk gSA vkt tks fgUnqLrku eaas Hkh dqN
mnkgj.k ns[kus dks fey tkrs gSa og ik'pkR; lH;rk ,oa vU; iawthifÙk;ksa vkSj lkearh
O;oLFkk ds dkj.k ghA
futh lEifÙk dh vo/[Link] us ,sfrgkfld fodkl Øe esa lkekftd Lrj ij L=h
dks fujarj ghurj fLFkfr esa igq¡pk;k gSA20 fir`lÙkkRedrk lekt rFkk laLFkkvksa dh ekSfyd

13
lajpuk eas futh lEifÙk dk ekfyd Hkh oS;fDrdrk dks gLrkUrfjr vkSj vyxkfor djds
ek= viuh lEifÙk dks I;kj djrk gSA mldh lEifÙk gLrkUrfjr gksdj iq= ds gkFk gksrh
gS iq=h ds gkFk ughaA mudk vfLrRo rd iq:"k dh —ik ;kuh firk dh —ik ij fuHkZj
FkkA firk dks iwjk vf/kdkj Fkk fd og pkgs tgk¡ vkSj ftlls csVh dk fookg djsA21
fdUrq vc rks Hkkjr esa bUgsa dkuwuh rkSj ij leku vf/kdkj izkIr gks x;k gSA
iz/kkuea=h ds ckn vc izFke ukxfjd vFkkZr~] egkefge jk"Vªifr dk in Hkh ukjh dks izkIr
gqvk gSA mPp ;k mPpre U;k;ky; esa Hkh mudh izkFkfedrk dh ckr py jgh gSA fQj
;g ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd og fcYdqy cjkcj gks xbZ gSA bldk ,sfrgkfld dkj.k
gSA bfrgkl ds v/;;u ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd eqlyekuksa dh rjg bZlkb;r us Hkh
efgykvksa ds neu dh izfØ;k dks de c<+kok ugha fn;kA blesa lUnsg ugha fd ckbfcy esa
dksf<+;ksa vkSj vkSjrksa ij leku n;kHkko j[kus ds fy, dgk x;k gSA ,slk dguk xkS.k
LFkku iznku djuk gh gSA ;g Bhd gS fd izkjfEHkd bZlkbZ lH;rk ds le; vkSjrksa dks ppZ
ls dkQh bTtr feyh vkSj os iq:"kksa ds leku gh bZlkb;r ds izpkj esa 'kghn Hkh gqbZ]
fdUrq iwtk esa mudk LFkku ges'kk iq:"k dh rqyuk esa xkS.k j[kk x;kA22 tkWu LVqvVZ fey
vkSj LVsuMky us ekuk gS fd fdlh {ks= esa L=h dks dHkh dksbZ lqfo/kk feyh gh ughaA23
vkt efgykvksa ds Åij lcls cM+k cks> fookg dk gSA ngst izFkk mudk vieku
gSA xHkZ fujks/k ds dkj.k vkt ekr`Ro dk cks> dqN de gqvk gS] ysfdu ?kj x`gLFkh vkSj
cPpksa dh ns[kHkky dk iwjk cks> L=h ds Åij cuk gqvk gSA ;fn og cPpksa ij vf/kd
/;ku nsrh gS rks ifr dks vkdf"kZr djus esa v{ke eglwl djus yxrh gSA dqN iq:"k rks
mUgsa viuh lEifÙk gh cuk ysrs gSaA iks'kkd esa iRuh L=h ds :i esa cny tkrh gSA og
lHkh iq:"kksa dks vkuan iznku djrh gS vkSj vius Lokeh ds xoZ dks lUrq"V djrh gSaA24
;ksa jlsy us fookg ds fu;eksa ds mYya?ku djus ij nksuksa dks [Link] djus dh ckr
dks Lohdkj fd;k gSA nksuksa dh ifo=rk dk [;ky j[krs gq, jlsy us fy[kk gS& As for
marriage, both men and women are sharply punished if not virgin when they marry;….There is
divorce for adultery or intolerable waywardness” of either party, but the guilty
party cannot remarry. Sometimes divorce is grauted solely because both parties desire
it.” ;gh fl)kUr iru dk dkj.k cukA 'kk’or lEcU/kksa dh f[kfYy;k¡ mM+k;h xbZA
bldk izHkko Hkkjr ij Hkh iM+k fdUrq Hkkjr dh viuh lksp dHkh Hkh ugha jgh gSA

14
 blfy, Hkkjr esa mudh iz'kalk djrs dfo yksx Hkh ladksp dk vuqHko djus yxrs
gSaA ;gk¡ efgyk dk bruk egÙo jgk gS fd Jhjke us ckfy ls dgk gS fd ** ew<+ rksfg
vfrl; vfHkekukA ukfj fl[kkou djfl u dkukA25 vFkkZr~ rwwus viuh L=h dh lh[k ij
Hkh dku ¼/;ku½ ugha fn;kA Hkkjrh; fpUrdksa dh n`f"V esa vfnfr lc dh ekrk gS] lk/kkj.k
thoksa dh ckr D;k og nsorkvksa dh Hkh ekrk ekuh tkrh gSA26 vFkoZosn esa Hkh dgk x;k gS
& i`Fo;k¡ fo'o:ie~A27 i`Foh dks ekr`:i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA vFkkZr~ ukfj;ksa dk ekr`
:i lcls vf/kd iwT; jgk gSA vU; :i esa Hkh mudk de egÙo ugha gSA d`".k us cgu
vkSj cqvk ds fy;s D;k ugha fd;k vFkkZr~ muds fy;s Lo;a dks U;ksNkoj fd;kA mudh
enn ds fy;s rS;kj gks x;sA tgka rd Hkzw.k gR;k dk iz’u gS\ Hkkjr dh ljdkj mldks
jksdus ds fy;s iz;Ru’khy utj vk jgh gSA
vkt Hkkjr ds U;k;ky; us rks QSlyk fn;k gS fd ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,slk ik;k x;k
tks Hkzw.k dk irk yxkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gks rks Hkh og nks"kh fl) gksxk vkSj n.M dk
Hkkxh cusxkA vr% cPph le>dj Hkzw.k gR;k dh ckr rks nwj jgh mls irk yxkus okys Hkh
nks"kh ekus tk;saxsA ;g vU; ckr gS fd ;fn efgykvksa dk thou lekIr gksus ;k muls
tcZnLrh ;kSu O;ogkj ds dkj.k xHkZikr djuk U;k; laxr izrhr gksrk gSA
bl lecU/k esa ^,iykbax g~;wefuVsfj;u ,fFkDl Vw n~ eksjy izksoyse vkWQ ,cksjlu*
'kh"kZd ds vUrxZr ^n g~;wefuVsfj;u ,fFkDl ,ijksp Vw n~ izksoyse* esa Bhd gh dgk x;k gS
fd "In general, humanitarian Ethics has an inherent bias favour of protecting human life.
Even unborn human life, since the value of life principle is of primary importance in
this ethical system. This would mean then, that abortion should be a last resort to be used
only when there is strong justification"28
ckWd~l us Hkh bl ckr dh lEiqf"V dh gSA ckWd~l us bl ØkbVsfj;k dk mYys[k
djrs gq, cryk;k gS fd "I believe that if abortions cannot be avoided and women should
try to avoid then to the best of their ability they should be allowed on request up
to the twelth week. In other words, We agree with Box's criteria for when taking a human life is
most serious and also for when later abortions can be allowed"29
bl fu;e ,oa uSfrdrk dks lHkh ns'kksa us leku :i ls dcwy ugha fd;k gSA ;kuh
blesa fo'o dk izR;sd fpUrd ,der ugha gSA dksbZ /kkfeZd ekU;rkvksa dks vf/kd egÙo

15
nsrs gSa rks dksbZ lkekftd] rks dksbZ jktuSfrd rks dksbZ 'kq) uSfrd i{k dks gh egÙ[Link]
ekurs gSaA Hkkjr esa n'kZu] /keZ ,oa uSfrdrk esa dksbZ >xM+k jgk gh ughaA blfy;s bl
leL;k dks lqy>kus esa lqizhe dksVZ dks dksbZ vf/kd dfBukbZ ugha gqbZA ;g leL;k vHkh
Hkh ik'pkR; leL;k gS] Hkkjrh; ughaA jk;-] pkS/kjh us Hkh cryk;k gS fd **vkt dh rjg
oSfnd;qx esa Hkh efgykvksa dks [Link] Lora=rk FkhA**30 dkSf'kd lw= vkWQ n~ vFkoZosn esa Hkh
dgk x;k gS fd efgykvksa dks lUrku izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj FkkA og viuh bPNkuqlkj
ifr dk oj.k dj ldrh FkhA31 _Xosn esa Hkh cryk;k x;k gS fd _f"k iq=h ?kks"kk us lkB
o"kZ dh vk;q esa viuh bPNkuqlkj ifr izkIr dj iq= iSnk fd;kA32 vr% ;gk¡ rks efgykvksa
dks iq:"k ds leku gh ekuk x;k gSA ;fn dgha iq:"k dks vf/kd egRo fn;k x;k gS rks
dgha efgykvksa dksA ;Fkk LFkku nksuksa dk leku egÙo gSA
euq vkSj lr:ik esa fdlh dks xkS.k crykuk u lkekftd n`f"Vdks.k ls mfpr gS]
u tSfod n`f"Vdks.k ls] u /kkfeZd] u jktuSfrd vkSj u gh uSfrd n`f"Vdks.k ls gh fdlh
dks de ;k vf/kd cryk;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ vlekurk dk iz'u gh ugha mBrk gSA ;fn ,slk
gksrk rks txr~ xq: 'kadjkpk;Z ;g ugha dgrs iq= dqiq= gks ldrk gS fdUrq ekrk dqekrk
dHkh ugha gks ldrhA iq= Hkys gh dqiq= cu tk; dguk iq:"kksa ds f[kykQ gS u fd
vkSjrksa ds f[kykQA ;gk¡ ukfj;ksa dh gh iz’kalk dh xbZ gSA v}SSroknh gksus ds ckotwn
bUgksaus nsoh dh oUnuk] iwtk&vpZuk dh gSA vkt Hkh ;g ekU; gSA yksd dY;k.k ,oa yksd
laxzg ds fy, gh ,slk fd;k x;k gSA cPps ,oa cfPp;ksa esa] ;qod ,oa ;qofr;ksa esa rFkk cw<+s
,oa cwf<+;ksa esa lekurk dk Hkko tkx`r djus ds mís'; ls gh mUgksaus nqxkZ lIrlrh dk ikB
fd;k gSA U;k;ky; dh n`f"V ls nksuks leku gh jgs gSaA vU;k; fdlh ds }kjk gks] mldh
HkRlZuk dh tkuh pkfg,A33
ledkyhu Hkkjrh; fpUrdksa dk rks dguk gS fd euq"; ds O;fDrRo dk fodkl
fofHkUu [Link] esa vk;q i;ZUr gksrk gSA vr% bl dkj.k xHkZ ls e`R;q i;ZUr euq"; ds 'kjhj
vkSj vkRek ij mÙke laLdkj Mkyuk vkSj 'kqHk ladYi ysuk] O;fDr vkSj lekt] iq:"k vkSj
efgyk ds fgr esa vko';d gSA ;fn efgykvksa esa vlekurk dk Hkko tkx`r gksxk rks
mldk izHkko muds cPps ,oa cfPp;ksa ij iM+sxk ghA blfy, muesa ghu Hkkouk dk mn;
gksuk ;k muesa ghu Hkko iSnk djuk uSfrdrk ds fo:) gSA mudk mfpr lEeku djus esa

16
gh jk"Vª vkSj fo'o dk dY;k.k laHko gks ldrk gSA pawfd fdlh Hkh O;fDr dk 'kks"k.k dj
viuk mYyw lh/kk djuk vuSfrdrk gh gSA ijLij lg;ksx ,oa ,d nwljs dk egÙo
Lohdkj dj gh '[Link] ,oa lq[kh thou O;;rhr fd;k tkuk laHko gS vkSj ;gh Js;Ldj
Hkh gSA blfy, dgk x;k gS fd "It is my contention, then, that morality has come
about because of human needs and through a recognition of the importance of living
together in a co-operative and significant way. I am not trying to suggest that all human
beings can be convinced that they should be moral, or even that it will always be in each
individual's interest to be moral. I do believe, however, that the question" Why should
human beings be moral?" generally can be best answered by the statement that adhering to
moral principles unables human being to live their lives as peacefully, happily,
34
creatively and meaningfully as is possible.
1975bZ- esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; efgyk o"kZ dk Hkkjr esa mn~?kkVu djrs gq, rRdkyhu
iz/kkuea=h Jherh bfUnjk xk¡/kh us 16 Qjojh 1975bZ- dks ubZ fnYyh esa *jk"Vªh; efgyk
fnol ij dgk Fkk&**,slk dksbZ dke ugha gS ftls efgyk;sa iq:"kksa ds lkFk da/ks ls dU/kk
feykdj ugha dj ldrhA ;g Hkkjr dh efgyk Jherh lksfu;k xk¡/kh vkSj Hkkjr dh
orZeku jk"Vªifr Jherh izfrHkk flag ikVhy lkfcr djds fn[kk pqdh gSaA Jherh jkcM+h
nsoh] 'kq"kek Lojkt] f’kyk nhf{kr] Jherh vejthr dkSj] rLyhek uljhu] eerk cuthZ]
ek;korh] lksfu;k xk¡/kh] olqU/kjk jkts flaf/k;k vkSj buls Hkh igys jktekrk flfU/k;k vkfn
Hkh blds ToyUr mnkgj.k gSaA
vkt Hkh Hkkjr baxyS.M] vesfjdk vkSj :l dks NksM+dj fo'o ds vU; Hkkxksa esa
ftruk vf/kd ’kks"k.k efgykvksa dk gks jgk gS mruk fdlh vU; dk ugha gksrk gSA oSls rks
;g 'kks"k.k jktuSfrd ,oa lkL—frd Lrj ij Hkh gS fdUrq lokZf/kd 'kks"k.k lkekftd Lrj
ij gSA dkyZ ekDlZ] fe[kkby nq[khZe] uhR’ks] eSDl oscj vkfn us Hkh bl ckr dh iqf"V dh
gSA nqHkkZX; dh ckr ;g gS fd efgyk gh efgyk dh lcls cM+h 'k=q curh tk jgh gSA
ngst dk ekeyk gks] jktuSfrd ekeyk gks ;k lkekftd] lHkh esa efgyk dk gLr{ksi jgrk
gh gSA vkSj de ls de mu ns'kksa esa] tks fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy gSaA
ijEijkvksa ds lkFk efgyk dks ftruk vf/kd tksM+ fn;k x;k gS ;k efgyk muls
fdruh vf/kd tqM+h gqbZ gS] mlds dkj.k u dsoy muds vf/kdkjksa dk guu gksrk gS cfYd
og 'kks"k.k dk ,d tfj;k Hkh cu tkrh gSA ;fn bl leL;k dk lek/kku [kkstuk gS] rks

17
fo'o dks bl ckr ij fopkj djuk gh gksxk fd efgykvksa dks jktuSfrd] lkekftd]
lkaL—frd ,oa vkfFkZd Lrj ij LorU=rk dSls izkIr gksA blds fy, mUgsa f'kf{kr djuk
vfuok;Z gSA mUgsa O;kogkfjd uSfrdrk dh lh[k ysuh pkfg,A jktk jkeeksgu jk;] n;kuUn
ljLorh] egkRek vjfoUn ?kks"k] MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj] Lokeh foosdkuUn] MkW- jkeeuksgj
yksfg;k] egkRek xk¡/kh vkfn dh bl {ks= esa egÙ[Link] nsu gSA MkW- vEcsMdj] ljkstuh
ukbMw] dLrwjck] deyk usg: vkfn dks Hkqyk;k ugha tk ldrk gSA vFkkZr~ muls Hkh [Link]
ysus dh t:jr gSA lkekftd fo"kerk ds {ks= esa MkW- vEcsMdjth dh lksp xk¡/khth ls Hkh
xgjh FkhA bl fcUnq ij dgha&dgha os xk¡/kh ls vlger gks tkrs Fks vkSj xk¡/khth dks
budh ckrsa dcwy djuh iM+rh FkhA
Hkkjr dh ljdkj us dkuwuh rkSj ij bl fn'kk esa larks"ktud dksf'k'k dh gSA
LFkkuh; fudk;ksa esa efgykvksa ds fy;s Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr dj ,d Bksl vkSj jpukRed
dne mBk;k gSA [Link] ns'k esa vc LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds pqukoksa esa efgykvksa us Hkkx fy;k
vkSj egÙoiw.k LFkku xzg.k dj lfØ; Hkwfedk vnk dj jgh gSA ;g fo'o ds fy,
[Link]; gSA jk"Vª dh vkfFkZd le`f) ,oa vke yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks mUur cukus ds
fy, efgykvksa dks vkRefuHkZj cuuk gksxkA blds fy, fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds jkstxkj dk
volj miyC/k djkus ds lkFk&lkFk mUgsa lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd :i ls vkSj vf/kd
tkx:d cukus dh vko';drk gSA
pwafd blds vHkko esa efgykvksa dh ÅtkZ ,oa izfrHkk dk voewY;u gksrk jgsxk ,oa
O;kogkfjd uSfrdrk dh ckr ikxyksa dk izyki cudj jg tk;sxh O;kogkfjd uSfrdrk dks
tehuh ,oa dkjxj fl) djus ds fy, ijLij fo'okl ,oa foosd dk leqfpr mi;ksx
djuk vko';d gSA bZekunkjh ls lkFk nsuk vkSj bZekunkjh ls lkFk ysuk nksuksa ds fy,
vfuok;Z gS vkSj bZekunkjh ls ifjJe djuk bldk lcls csgrj mik; gSA vkSj ;g ges'kk
Lej.k j[kuk gksxk fd O;fDrxr Lora=rk ,oa lekurk dk fl)kUr dkjxj fl) gks jgk
gS ;k ughaA blds fy, Bhd gh cryk;k x;k gS fd "The principle which states that human
beings ought to be free to pursue their own values and morality as long as they do not
seriously conflict with or violate the other four basic principles- Value of life,
Goodness, Justice and Truth telling or Honesty."35

18
 bl fn'kk esa jktk jkeeksgu jk;] bZ'oj paæ fo|klkxj egkRek xka/kh] Loñ Jhefr
bfUnjk xka/kh] Jhefr lqlu czkÅu feyj ¼vxsaLV vkoj foy% esu] foesu ,aM jsi ½] Jhefr
Mk;uk] bZñ ,pñ jlsy ¼Qksuks xzkQh% foesu okbysal ,aM flfoy fycVhZt½] lhesu n cksmokj]
Mkñ izHkk [ksrku] Jhefr ekjxzsV FkSpj] blzkbZy dh HkwriwoZ iz/kkuea=h Jhefr xksYMk ek;j]
Jhyadk dh jk"Vªifr Jhefr pafædk rqaxs] caxyk ns'k dh HkwriwoZ iz/kku ea=h Jhefr [kkfyank
ft;k] Jhefr 'ks[k glhuk] ikfdLrku dh iwoZ iz/kkuea=h Jhefr csuthj HkqÍks ] eS=s;h iq"ik
¼bnUue½] vkfn dk iz;kl [Link]; gSA ,slh izfrHkk lEiUu efgykvksa ,oa iq:"kksa ds }kjk gh
orZeku ;qx esa efgykvksa dks cjkcjh dk vf/kdkj fey ik;k gSA
30 ebZ] 1991 dks vkfFkZd lkekftd fu;e }kjk 1991@18 ds [Link];d izLrko
ikfjr gq,] ftlesa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij efgykvksa dks lqj{kk ,oa cjkcjh dk ntkZ nsus gsrq
vf/kdkj iznku fd;s x;sA bl lanHkZ esa mfYyf[kr /kkjk&1 esa efgykvksa dks izrkM+uk ds
fo:) vkokt mBkus dk vf/kdj fn;k x;k gSA /kkjk&2 ds vUrxZr lekt ,oa ifjokj esa
efgyk laca/kh izrkM+ukvksa ij izfrca/kkRed dne mBk, x;s gSa] ftlesa ckfydk&Hkzw.k&gR;k]
ngst&izrkM+uk] fookgksijkar cykRdkj] efgyk 'kks"k.k ,oa vU; lkekftd cqjkbZ;ka izeq[k gSaA
;gka gesa Lej.k j[kuk pkfg, fd blds fy, ek= dkuwu cukuk i;kZIr ugha gSA blds fy,
bZekunkjh ls iz;Ru djuk Hkh t:jh gSA
vr% v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd bl {ks= esa ftruh bZekunkjh ds lkFk Lokeh
n;kuan ljLorh] jktk jkeeksgu jk;] bZ'ojpan fo|klkxj] egkRek xk¡/kh] MkW- Hkhejko
vEcsMdj] enj Vjslk] lgtks ckbZ] ehjk] ljksftuh uk;Mw] Jhefr bfUnjk xk¡/kh bR;kfn us
iz;kl fd;k gS vkSj mls O;kogkfjd uSfrdrk esa tksM+us dk dke fd;k] mruk vU; ls
laHko ugha gqvk gSA Hkkjr esa igys Hkh cryk;k x;k gS fd ßvge~ czg~ekfLe rr~ Roe~ vflÞ
blfy, bu egku~ O;fDr;ksa us ukjh dks viuk [kks;k gqvk vrhr fnykus dh fn’kk esa
xEHkhj iz;kl fd;k gSA 'kk;n bUgha egku~ O;fDr;ksa ds izHkko ds dkj.k gh O;kid izHkko ls
izHkkfor gksdj bl fn'kk esa fo'o ds lHkh izcq) ukxfjd ltx gks jgs gSaA lQyrk ds
fy, mu lcdks ,dtqV gksuk iM+sxk] tks csgrj lekt ds fgek;rh gSa vkSj tks xSj cjkcjh
ds vkxs c<+us esa lcls cM+h ck/kk ekurs gSaA muds eulwcs dks rksM+ nsuk gSA

19
 bl lUnHkZ esa] xk¡/kh dh vUR;ksn; vFkok loksZn; dh vo/[Link] us cgqr gn rd
lQyrk gkfly dh gSA dqN vk/kqfud fopkjdksa dh utj esa xka/khth izcy leFkZd ugha
nh[krs gSaA njvly vk/kqfud ukjhokfn;ksa dh utj esa xka/kh ds efgyk laca/kh dqN c;ku
eqfDrnk;h ugha nh[k ldrsA os xHkZ fujks/kd mik;ksa ds fojks/kh Fks vkSj dk;ZLFky ij
efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa nqfo/kk xzLr FksA fdUrq mlh ds lkFk os efgykvksa ds pfj=
vkSj vPNkbZ dh cM+h rkjhQ djrs Fks vkSj dkSfVY; dh rjg mUgsa iq:"kksa ls T;knk lkglh
ekurs FksA
izkjEHk esa Hkys gh os efgykvksa dks lR;kxzg esa Hkkxhnkj cukus esa f>>d jgs gksa
ijUrq LoxhZ; deyknsoh pÍksik/;k; ,oa ljksftuh uk;Mw tSlh Lora= ,oa fu"Bkoku~ efgyk
ds lEidZ esa vkus ds ckn lksp esa cnyko vk;k FkkA vFkkZr~ /kS;Zoku] fu"Bkoku ,oa Lora=
lksp dh efgyk us mudh lksp esa cnyko yk;k vkSj blh cnyko ds dkj.k 1930bZ- dss
ued lR;kxzg vkSj 1942 ds Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu ds nkSjku gtkjksa efgykvksa us
fxj¶rkjh nhA blfy;s e/kqds’ojth us ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd vk/kqfud bfrgkl ds fdlh
iq:"k ds usr`Ro esa gq, vkUnksyu ds eqdkcys egkRek xka/khth ds usr`Ro esa gq, vkUnksyuksa esa
T;knk efgykvksa us fgLlsnkjh gh gSA vr% ;g dguk mfpr gh gS fd bl flyflys esa
vk/kqfud etnwjksa ds elhgk dgs tkus okys ekDlZ] ,axsYl] ysfuu] ekvks] gksphfeUg vkSj
eaMsyk Li"V rkSj ij T;knk lQy jgs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkt dh efgyk iq:"kksa ds
lkFk dU/ks ls dU/kk feykdj py jgh gSa vkSj loksZPp in dks Hkh izkIr dj fn[kyk fn;k
gS fd efgyk;sa Hkh ije iq:"kkFkZ dks izkIr dj ldrh gSaA bl ckr dh lEiqf"V jk"Vªdfo
jke/kkjhflag fnudj us Hkh dh gSA mUgksaus vius egkdkO; dk 'kh"kZd ßmoZ’khÞ vFkkZr~
efgykvksa ds uke ls fd;k gSA blls ;g vkSj Li"V gks tkrk gSA bUgha egkiq:"kksa ds lrr~
iz;klksa ls efgykvks dks dbZ vf/kdkj izkIr gks lds gSaA vf/kdkj laj{k.k vf/kfu;e dh
/kkjk&3 esa efgykvksa dks {ks=h; dk;ksaZ esa Lora=rk o lekurk ds izkIr vf/kdkj fuEufyf[kr
gS%
¼1½ thoukf/kdkj ¼;wuholZy fMDysjs'ku vkWQ g~;weu jkbV~l] baVjus'ksuy dksousaV vkWu
flfoy ,aM iksfyfVdy jkbV~l] /kkjk& 6½
¼2½ lekurk dk vf/kdkj ¼baVjus'kuy vkWu flfoy ,aM iksfyfVdy jkbV] /kkjk& 26½A

20
¼3½ Lora=rk ,oa ukxfjd laj{k.k vf/kdkj ¼;wfuolZy fMDyjs'ku vkQ g~;weu jkbV~l
/kkjk&3 baVjus'kuy dksousaV vkWu flfoy ,aM iksfyfVdy jkbV~l] /kkjk& 9½
¼4½ oS/kkfud lqj{kk vf/kdkj ¼/kkjk& 26½
¼5½ dk;Z esa vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk vf/kdkj ¼/kkjk& 3½ ¼baVjus'kuy dkWousaV vkWu
bdksuksfed] 'kks'ky ,aM dYpjy jkbV~l /kkjk& 6 ,oa 7½
¼6½ lHkh izdkj ds varj ls Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj ¼ /kkjk& 26 ½
¼7½ mPp Lrjh; 'kkjhfjd & ekufld LokLF; dk vf/kdkj ¼baVjus'kuy dkWousaV vku
bdksuksfed] lks'ky ,aM dYpjy jkbV~l] /kkjk& 12½
¼8½ 'kkjhfjd&ekufld izM+rkM+uk lqj{kk dk vf/kdkj% ¼;wuholZy fMDysjs'ku vkQ g~;weu
jkbV~l /kkjk&5] baVjus'kuy dksousaV vkWu flfoy ,oa iksfyfVdy jkbV~l /kkjk&7 ,oa
duo'kZu vxsaLV VkpZj ,oa vnj Øw,y bu g~;weu vkj fMxsz'ku VªhVesaV vkj iuh'kesaV½
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku us efgyk laj{k.k gsrq dop izLrqr fd;s gSaA gekjs ;gk¡ :y vkWQ
yksd fgr esa efgykvksa dk cjkcj dk izfrfuf/kRo ,oa vf/kdkj izkIr gS%&
¼1½ fganw fookg vf/kfu;e ¼1965½& fganqvksa ds fy;s f}fookg ,d vijk/k gS tks bl
vf/kfu;e dh lsD'ku & 17 esa naMuh; gSA
¼2½ orZeku Toyar leL;k ngst ds lanHkZ esa Hkh vusd ngst fujks/kd vf/kfu;eksa ;Fkk
1961] 1984] 86 vf/kfu;e blds mnkgj.k gSaA
¼3½ fganw vko';drk o vfHkHkkouk vf/kfu;e] 956 ds varxZr efgykvksa dks iq:"k ds ckn
cPpksa dk vfHkHkkod ?kksf"kr djuk gSA
¼4½ efgyk dk 'khy Hkax djus okys dks /kkjk & 354] 2 o"kZ dh ltk ;k tqekZus dk
izko/kku gSA
¼5½ /kkjk&361 ds rgr 18 o"kZ ls NksVh ckfydk dks Qqlyk dj ys tkus okyk vigj.k dk
nks"kh ekuk tk;xkA
¼6½ efgyk bPNk ds fo:} xHkZikr djkus okys dks /kkjk&313 rgn nafMr fd;k tk;xkA
ßusg: ds 'kCnksa esa ;wjksi esa mUuhloha lnh esa ;g lgdkjh vkUnksyu cgqr c<+kA
;g lcls T;knk lQyrk bls MsuekdZ ds NksVs&ls ns'k esa feyhAÞ usg: us ;g Hkh dgk gS
jktuhfrd eSnku esa yksdrU=oknh fopkjksa dh c<+ksrjh gqbZ vkSj viuh&viuh ikfyZ;kesaVks o

21
fo/kku&lHkkvksa ds fy, oksV nsus ds gd fnu&ij&fnu T;knk yksxksa dks feyrs x;sA ij
;g erkf/kdkj flQZ iq:"kksa ds fy, gh ;k fL=;kas ds fy;s Hkh\ pkgs os nwljh rjg ls
fdruh gh yk;d D;ksa u gksa] bl gd dks ikus ds fy, Bhd ;k dkQh le>nkj ugha ekuh
xbZA ----- chloha lnh ds 'kq: esa baXyS.M esa fL=;ksa us ,d tcnZLr vkUnksyu [kM+k fd;kA
;g ukjh erkf/kdkj vkUnksyu dgyk;k …….. ekj & ihV ds rjhds viuk;sA ……… cgqr &
lh fL=;k¡ tsyksa esa Mky nh xbZ] ……… fQj dSn dj fn;k x;kA …….. egk;q) ds 'kq: gksus
ds ckn] fL=;ksa dks oksV nsus dk gd eatwj dj fy;k x;kA fo’o bfrgkl dh >yd
uked iqLrd esa ;g Hkh cryk;k x;k gS fd …….. oksV dk gh gd ugha ek¡xrh FkkA
mldh ek¡x Fkh iq:"kksa ds lkFk gjsd ckr esa cjkcjh dk gdA dqN fnu igys rd if'pe
esa fL=;ksa dh n'kk cgqr cqjh FkhA mUgsa dksbZ gd ugha FkkA vkf[kj 1880&90 bZñ ds chp esa
baXySaM esa fL=;ksa dks tk;nkn j[kus ds dqN gd fn, x, ………. dkj[kkusnkj blds i{k esa
FksA33
Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu dky ls ysdj vkt rd ukjh dY;k.k gsrq tks Hkh
lkekftd fo/kku jkT; ds }kjk ikfjr fd;s x;s gSaA buesa ls dqN dk fooj.k fuEufyf[kr
gSa&
¼1½ lrh izFkk fujks/kd vf/kfu;e] 1829
¼2½ fganw fo/kok iqufoZokg vf/kfu;e] 1856
¼3½ cky&fookg fujks/kd vf/kfu;e] 1929
¼4½ fganw fL=;ksa dk laifÙk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1937
¼5½ i`Fkd jgus vkSj Hkj.k&iks"k.k gsrq fL=;ksa dk vf/kfu;e] 1946
¼6½ fganw fookg vf/kfu;e] 1955
¼7½ fganw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e] 1956 ¼vc iq=h ds :i esa] iRuh ds :I esa rFkk eka ds :i
esa cjkcj dk vf/kdkj iznku dj fn;k x;k gSA½
¼8½ fganw ukckfyx rFkk laj{kdrk vf/kfu;e] 1956
¼9½ fganw xksn ysuk rFkk Hkj.k&iks"k.k vf/kfu;e] 1956
¼10½ fL=;ksa rFkk dU;kvksa dk vuSfrd O;kikj fujks/kd vf/kfu;e] 1956
¼11½ ngst fujks/kd vf/kfu;e] 1961

22
 ukudpan ¼}kjk lEikfnr½ lekt dY;k.k ¼dsaæh; lekt dY;k.k cksMZ dh ekfld
if=dk½ o"kZ% 42] vad% 6 tuojh 1997 i`ñ 37&38 esa Hkh bl ckr dh lEiqf"V dh xbZ gSA
vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; fpUrdksa us blds fy;s bZekunkjh ls iz;kl fd;k gSA VSxksj us ije
iq:"kkFkZ ds fy;s Hkh mUgsa ;ksX; le>k gSA
johUæukFk VSxksj us Bhd gh fy[kk gS& "But such a state of things can never have the
effect of changing woman into man. On the contrary, it will lead her to find her place
in the unlimited range of society, and the guardian spirit of personal in human nature
will extend the ministery of Woman over all developments of life ………. At last the
present age has sent its cry to women. Asking her to come out from her segregation in
order to restore the spiritual supremacy of all that is human in the world of humanity
…… It is like that vital health, which not only imparts the bloom of beauty to the
body, but Joy to the mind and perfection to life." 34
vFkkZr~ lR;e] f’koe~ vkSj
lqUnje~ dh vo/[Link] ds eqrkfcd lc leku gSA
fdUrq orZeku Hkkjr esa vHkh Hkh mu ij vkifr;k¡ ;k foifr;k¡ cjdjkj gSaA jk"Vª
dfo jke/kkjh flag fnudj us fy[kk gS& foifÙk;k¡ Hkkjr esa Hkh gS vkSj if’peh ns’kksa esa HkhA
;gk¡ fo/kok,sa jksrh gSa] ogk¡ dqekfj;k¡A37 ,d ckj Lokeh foosdkuUn ds ,d f'k"; us iwNk **
egkjkt! ckS) eBksa esa fHk{kqf.k;k¡ cgqr jgrh FkhA blfy, rks ns'k esa vukpkj QSy x;kA**
Lokehth us bl vkykspuk dk mÙkj ugha fn;k] fdUrq os cksys]^^irk ugha] bl ns’k esa ukfj;ksa
vkSj ujksa esa bruk Hksn D;ksa fd;k tkrk gSA osnkUr rks ;gh fl[kkrk gS fd lcesa ,d gh
vkRek fuokl djrh gSA --------- lalkj dh lHkh tkfr;k¡ ukfj;ksa dk leqfpr lEeku djds
gh mUufr dj ldh gSaA tks tkfr ukfj;ksa dk lEeku djuk ugha tkurh] og u rks vrhr
esa mUufr dj ldh vkSj u vkxs mUufr dj ldsxhA**38 ;g ges’kk yM+fd;ksa] ukfj;ksa
vFkok efgykvksa dks /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd ßdsoy yM+dksa dh rjg vktknh ikuk vkSj
diM+s iguuk ugha gS] cfYd mudh rjg ifjokj dk nkf;Ro Hkh fuHkkuk gksxkA bl nkf;Ro
dh Hkkouk ls gh yM+dk&yM+dh vkSjr vkSj enZ ds izfr lekurk dk Hkko tkxsxk vkSj
bruk gh ugha mUgsa yM+dksa dks vFkok enksZa dh rjg Lora=] f’kf{kr vkSj vkRefuHkZj
O;fDrRo x<+us dk ekSdk fn;k tk;] vkSj ekSdk feyus ij os Lo;a l{ke gks tk;saxhA

23
Hkhejko vEcsMdj vkfn us Hkh bl ckr dh iqf"V dh gSA Lokeh foosdkuUn us Hkh gesa lpsr
fd;k gSA
lUnHkZ lwph
1. MkWñ g~n; ukjk;.k feJ] tSu n'kZu] fdrkc?kj dkuqij] 1988 bZñ] 234&35
2. mn~/k`r] Mkñ ,lñ jk/kk—".ku~ ¼vuqñ uUnfd'kksj xksfHky½ Hkkjrh; n'kZu Hkkx ,d]
jktiky ,.M lUl fnYyh] 1973] i`"B 439
3. MkWñ t;'kadj feJ] izkphu Hkkjr dk lkekftd bfrgkl] fcgkj fgUnh xzUFk
vdkneh iVuk 1983 bZñ] i`"B 19
4. mn~/k`r] ogh
5. johUæ ukFk VSxksj] fØ;sfVo ;wfuVh] i`ñ 162
6. MkWñ oklqnso mik/;k;] izkphu Hkkjrh; LrwQ] xqgk ,oa eafnj] fcgkj fgUnh xzUFk
vdkneh] iVuk] 1972] i`"B 41
7. xksLokeh rqylhnkl] ¼Vhdkdkj guqekuizlkn iksíkj½ Jhjkepfjr ekul ¼lfp=]
lVhd eksVk Vkbi½ xhrk iszl] xksj[kiqj] lañ 2054] ckydk.M] i`ñ 225
8. ogh] lqUnjdk.M] i`ñ 700
9. jke/kkjh flag ^fnudj*] laL—fr ds pkj v/;k;] yksd Hkkjrh izdk’ku] bykgkckn
1997 bZñ] i`"B 508
10. Jhoknjk;.k ¼osnO;kl½ Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk] v/;k; nl dk 34oka 'yksd
11. ogh v/;k; uoka
12. xksLokeh rqylhnkl] Jhjkepfjr ekul] lqUnjdk.M] i`ñ 751 ¼lfp= lVhd eksVk
Vkbi½
13. lhesu n~ cksmokj ¼vuqñ Mkñ izHkk [ksrku½ L=h misf{krk] fgUn ikWdsV cqDl]
fnYyh 1991] i`"B 72
14. ogh
15. ogh i`ñ 74
16. ogh i`ñ 71
17. ogh i`ñ 44

24
18. ogh i`ñ 4
19. johUnzukFk VSxksj] fØ;sfVo ;wfuVh] eSdfyu ,.M dEiuh fy- yanu] i`"B 157
20. lhesu n~ oksmokj ¼vuqoknd MkW- izHkk[ksrku½ L=h misf{krk] i`"B 57
21. ogh i`ñ 59
22. ogh i`ñ 67
23. ogh i`ñ 234
24. xksLokeh rqylhnkl] Jhjkepfjrekul] fdf"dU/kk dk.M] i`"B 675
25. MkWñ jk/kkd".ku~ fgLVªh vkWQ fQykWlkWQh % bZLVuZ ,UM osLVuZ oksY;we I] i`"B 33
26. lk;.kkpk;Z ¼Hkk";dÙkkZ½ vFkoZosn] oksY;weu I, xoesZaV lsUVªy cqd fMiks] fnYyh]
1995] i`"B 1
27. tsDl ihñ fFkjksDl ¼dkWihjkbV½] ,fFkDl % F;skjh ,.M izsDVhl] dksfy;j eSdfeyu
ifCy'klZ yanu 1977] i`"B 344
28. ogh] ¼n eksj eksMªsV iksftlu vkWu ,cksjlu½] i`ñ 336
29. ,pñ pkS/kjh] ikWfyfVdy fgLVªh vkWQ bufl;UV bf.M;k] dydÙkk ;wfuoflZVh
ifCyds'ku] 1938] i`ñ 136
30. ewfjl CywefQYM ¼,fMVj½ dkSf'kd&lw= vkWQ n vFkoZ osn foFk dkWesUVªh vkWQ
nqfjyk ,.m dsdo ckfVeksj] 1989] i`ñ LXY
31. ,ñ ,ñ eSdMksuy] , lejh vkWQ fMfVt ,.M vkWQ n~ _Xosn oksY;we VI, ikVZ
ll, ;qfuoflZVh yanu 1901 i`ñ 259
32. iañ jkefdadj mik/;k;] ekul fpUru] rqylh rRokuqlU/kku dsUæ] dkuiqj lañ
2042] i`"B 3
33. ia- tokgjyky usg:] fo’o bfrgkl dh >yd] i`"B 384
34. tSfoDl ih- fpjksDl] F;ksjh ,.M izsDVh’k] i`"B 25
35. ia- tokgj yky usg:] ¼vuqoknd pUæxqIr ok".ksZ;½] fo’o bfrgkl dh >yd]
lLrk lkfgR; [Link] izdk’ku] ubZ fnYyh 1998] i`"B 855&56
36. jfoUnzukFk VSxksj] fØ;sfVo ;wfuVh] i`"B 165&66
37. jk"Vªdfo jke/kkjhflag ^fnudj* laLd`fr ds pkj v/;k;] i`"B 508

25
38. mn~/k`r] ogh

26
27