ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
ECS 448
CHAPTER 5.0 ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Prepared by
OH CHAI LIAN
(T1-A13-2A)
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Uitm Shah Alam
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
LEARNING OUTCOME (Week 8):
By completing this chapter, students shall be able to:
1.0 Find the support reactions of cable structure.
2.0 Determine the slope at each point of cable structure
that subjected to concentrated loads & distributed
load.
3.0 Determine the tension in each segment of cable
structure that subjected to concentrated loads &
distributed load.
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Introduction to Cable
Cables are perfectly flexible structural members. Cable is
unable to resist moments.
Because they are perfectly flexible, cables establish a state
of equilibrium with a given loading by taking on a shape that
allows load to be carried with the cable stressed in pure tension.
In this important sense, cables do not have a predefined
geometry, as do beam and truss structures. Their geometry is
determined by the arrangement of loads they carry.
Cables are usually applied in long span member such as
suspension bridges, cable car and roofs over large arenas and
convention halls.
What is the difference between Cable & Arch?
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Problems in Cables
The designer need to deal two major problems in cable:
(a) Preventing large displacements and oscillations from
developing in cables that carry live loads whose magnitude
or direction changes with time.
(b) Providing an efficient means of anchoring the large tensile
force carried by cable.
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Scope of Cable Analysis
Cable types:
- Cables subjected to concentration loads and uniform
distributed load or combination of both with their supports at
same or different level.
Noted from analysis:
- Due to its flexibility, cable offers no resistnce to shear or
bending. (Bending moment at any point of cable must be
zero).
- Maximum tension occurs at maximum reaction point and
minimum tension occurs at the lowest point of the cable.
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Cable Subjected to Concentrated Loads
Cable form several straight line segments when supporting
several concentrated load due to its negligible weght.
Each segment is subjected to constant TENSILE FORCE.
RA AY
= specifies the angle Relationship:
AX of the chord AB BY RB
2
RA = TAC = AX + AY
2
L = cable length
BX 2 2
RB = TBD = BX + BY
TAC TDB
TCD
Figure 1
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ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Problems 1: Cable with concentrated loads
Determine the tension in each segment of the
cable shown in Fig 2. Find the dimension h.
Figure 2
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ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Solution (Example 1): Investigate the problem:
-Problem: Ask to find tension at
each segment, support reactions not
in concern.
TAB
-At D, we know that the Reaction
TDC
RD = TCD
TBA TBC
TCB -Find the first Tension Force TCD by
TCD
taking moment about A, then by
solving equilibrium at point C & B,
get the Tension in segment AB &
BC.
+ M A 0
TCD (3 / 5)(2m) TCD (4 / 5)(5.5m) 3kN (2m) 8kN (4m) 0
TCD 6.79kN
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Solution (Example 1) con’t:
TCD = 6.79kN, At point C, we have only 1 unknown : TBC.
At C;
Fx 0
6.79kN (3 / 5) TBC cos BC 0
Fy 0
6.79kN (4 / 5) 8kN TBC sin BC 0
BC 32.3o and TBC 4.82kN
TBC = 4.82kN, At point B, remain 1 unknown : TBA.
At B;
Fx 0
TBA cos BA 4.82kN cos 32.3o 0
Fy 0
TBA sin BA 4.82kN sin 32.3o 3kN 0
BA 53.8o and TBA 6.90kN
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Solution (Example 1) con’t:
Investigate the problem:
-Problem: Ask to find h.
-Solve by geometry.
o
BA = 53.8
h
o
BA = 53.8
2m
h (2m) tan 53.8o 2.74m
2
Discussion: If allowable stress, allow in cable is 660kN/m , what is the
diameter of the cable?
2
allow = F/A = Tmax/(0.25xxD ) ; Tmax =6.9kN
0.5
D = (6.9/0.25x x660) = 0.12m
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Cable Subjected to Uniform Distributed Loads
We have neglect the weight of the w
cable which is uniform along the
length. h A B
A cable subjected to its own weight D
will take the form of a catenary curve. FH in CB C FH in CA
If the sag-to-span ratio is small, this L1 L2
curve closely approximates a parabolic
Figure 3
shape.
Relationship shown in Figure 3: Cable & Parabolic equations:
Fv wL2
w 2
L2
L y x
; Dh 2 FH
w 2 1
FH L2 D dy wo x
2D tan
2
dx FH
w 2
T max FV 2 FH 2 wL 2 L2
2
2D
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Problems 2: Cable with uniformly distributed loads
The cable supports the uniform load of w0 =12 kN/m.
Determine the tension in the cable at each support A and C.
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Solution (Example 2): TBC
Investigate the problem:
TBA L1 L2
-Problem: Ask to find tension at
support A & B (i.e TBA & TBC)
-Tmax = TBC because longer length
in BC produce larger vertical forces
12 kN/m
at B (Since FH constant).
-Solve TBC:
L 5
L2 2.753m
D h 3 1
1 1
D
3
w 2 12
FH L2 2.753 15.16kN
2
; Fv wL2 12(2.753) 33.036kN
2D 2(3)
2
w 2
TBC T max wL 2 2
L2 33.0362 15.162 36.3kN
2D
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
Solution (Example 2) con’t: TBC
-Solve TBA: TBA L1 L2
dy wo x 12(5 - 2.753)
tan BA 1.7786
dx FH 15.16
BA
BA 60.65 FH in CB
=15.16kN
FH 15.16 12 kN/m
TBA 30.9kN
cos cos 60.56 o
What is the maximum uniform load of w0 that the cable can
support if the maximum tension the cable can sustain is 16kN?
2
w 2
TBC T max wL 2 L 2 16kN ; L2 2.753m
2
2D
2
w 2
w 2.753
2
2.753 16
2
23
w 5.28kN / m
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
DERIVATION:
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
DERIVATION:
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ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
DERIVATION:
Copyright © by Oh Chai Lian
ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
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ECS 448- CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF CABLE
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