STUNTING VS BABY

Member of group 3:

1. Andini. ( PO.[Link].002 )
2. Dina Anggraini. ( PO.[Link].013 )
3. Feny Fidya Nanda. ( PO.[Link].016 )
4. Risnanda Utami. ( PO.[Link].031 )
5. Septiyana. ( PO.[Link].033 )
6. Sunita Nabilah. ( PO.[Link].035 )

Class :1A

Lecturer : Pratiwi Lestari, [Link]

Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health

Palembang
2018
 Abstract

Stunting is experienced by babies and children. every year the stunting

problem continues to increase. so that in 2012, world health assembly supported the
global stunting target to reduce the proportion of stunting children in 2025 by 40%
from 2012. stunting cannot be cured but can be prevented since the first 1000 days
of [Link] indicates that a child fails to develop. this cannot be corrected and
usually occurs when children experience chronic malnutrition early in their lives.
this type of malnutrition often starts in the womb, namely in mothers who have poor
nutrition during pregnancy. consequently the fetus does not get nutritious food
needed for growth and development since the womb. this can continue after labor,
as a result of poor feeding patterns and often due to infection and poor diet. Bad
diets do not provide the nutrients needed by babies and children to develop
normally.
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

It is no secret that bad sanitation has a variety of negative impacts, both

for health, the economy and the environment. At present the challenges of sanitation
development are also getting heavier as well as the finding that poor sanitation has
resulted in the majority of the nation's next generation being diagnosed as stunted.
Bad sanitation and contaminated drinking water result in diarrhea that interferes
with the absorption of nutrients. As a result, children do not get adequate nutrition
so that growth is hampered.
Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to
chronic malnutrition so children are too short for their age. Malnutrition occurs
since the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born but the
stunting condition only appears after the baby is 2 years old. Stunting indicates that
a child fails to develop. Malnutrition that occurs at the beginning of their lives
which usually starts since pregnancy.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is meant by stunting?
2. What are the causes of stunting?
3. What are the symptoms of stunting?
4. What are the risks of stunting?
5. How to prevent stunting?

1.3 Purpose
1. Know what stunting is.
2. Knowing the causes of stunting.
3. Knowing the symptoms of stunting.
 4. Knowing the risk of stunting.
5. Knowing how to prevent stunting.

Chapter II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to

chronic malnutrition so children are too short for their age. Malnutrition occurs
since the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born but the
stunting condition only appears after the baby is 2 years old. Stunted and severely
stunted are toddlers with body length (PB /U) or height (TU/U) according to their
age compared to the standard WHO-MGR (Multisentre Growth Reference Study)
2006. While stunting definitions according to the Ministry of health (Kemenkes) is
the son of a toddler with a value less than the z-scorenya-2SD/standard deviation
(stunted) and less than – 3SD (severely stunted) 1.

2.2 The Cause Of Stunting

Stunting is caused by multi-dimensional factors and is not only caused by
nutritional factors bad experienced by pregnant women and children under five. The
most decisive intervention in order to reduce stunting pervalence it is therefore
necessary to do the first 1,000 days Life of children under five. In more detail,
several factors are the cause
stunting can be described as follows :

a. Poor parenting practices

Including a lack of knowledge about the mother health and nutrition
before and during pregnancy, and after the mother gives birth. Some the facts and
information show that 60% of children aged 0-6 months do not get breast milk
exclusively (ASI), and 2 out of 3 children aged 0-24 months do not receive it. Breast
Milk Complementary Food (MP-ASI). MP-ASI is given / introduced when toddlers
over 6 months old. Besides functioning to introduce new types of food to babies,
MP- ASI can also fulfill the nutritional needs of the baby's body which can no
longer be supported by breast milk, and form the immune system and the
development of the child's immunological system against food and drink.

b. Limited health services including ANC-Ante Natal Care services

(services health for mothers during pregnancy) Post Christmas Care
and early learning quality.
Information collected from Ministry of Health and World Bank
publications states that the attendance rate of children at Posyandu has declined
from 79% in 2007 to 64% in 2013 and children have not had adequate access to
immunization services. Another fact is 2 from 3 pregnant women not yet consuming
adequate iron supplements and still limited access to quality early learning services
(only 1 in 3 children aged 3-6 years not yet registered in Early Childhood Education
/ Early Childhood Education services.

c. Still lack of household / family access to nutritious food.

This is due to pricenutritious food in Indonesia is still relatively expensive.
According to several sources (RISKESDAS 2013, the 2012 IDHS, SUSENAS),
food commodities in Jakarta are 94% more expensive than in New Delhi, India.
Prices of fruits and vegetables in Indonesia are more expensive than in Singapore.
Limited access to nutritious food in Indonesia has also been noted to have
contributed to 1 out of 3 pregnant women who have anemia.

d. Lack of access to clean water and sanitation.

Data obtained in the field shows that 1 out of 5 households in Indonesia
still defecates in open spaces, and 1 in 3 households do not have access to clean
drinking water. Graph 1: Stunting Cross Revenue Stunting U-5, Indonesian

2.3 Prevention of stunting

 Stunting cannot be cured, but stunting can be prevented by parenting during the
first 1000 days of life:

1. During pregnancy the mother must consume food with balanced nutrition.

2. Pregnant women check at least 4 times during pregnancy.

3. Provides stimulation to the fetus in the womb.

4. Mothers give exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and cont inue with
complementary feeding of breast milk (MP-ASI) until the age of 2 years.

5. Introducing nutritious food in children according to age

6. Provide stimulation (stimulation) to children according to their age and monitor

the development of children with a Child Development Card.

2.4 The Risks of Stunting

Here are some health risks for stunting children. Stunting is associated
with a less developed brain with dangerous consequences for long periods of time,
including small mental abilities and capacity to learn, poor school performance in
childhood, and having difficulty getting a job as an adult which ultimately reduces
income, and increases the risk of chronic diseases related to nutrition like diabetes,
hypertension, and obesity. Have a greater risk for disease, even premature death.
Stunting can decrease in the next generation, called the intergenerational cycle of
malnutrition. As an adult, a stunting woman has a greater risk of experiencing
complications during labor because their pelvis is smaller, and is at risk of giving
birth to a baby with a low birth weight.

2.5 Symptoms of stunting

a. Fatigue for no apparentrea

Basically, every child diagnosed with stunting has different symptoms.

However, fatigue for no apparent reason is one that often appears and looks easily.
The thyroxine hormone plays an important role in the growth of every human,
especially in children or infants, this one hormone is needed for brain growth.
However, if this hormone is at its lowest point or can be said to fail to develop in
the body, some symptoms will appear. Some of them are fatigue for no apparent
reason (which is the most common symptom for people with stunting), dry skin and
also problems with the level of warmth of the body.

b. Easily irritated or angry

Stunting not only makes thyroxine hormones decrease, but also interferes
with other hormones that affect behavior or emotions. For someone who has
stunting, they will have an unstable emotional level. In this case, irritability and
irritability are one of the emotions that are often shown. In addition, if this one
problem has been seen, then most likely the child or baby who has it, will be a
naughty and unruly person, because of the level of emotional stability that cannot
be maintained properly. One thing is certain, it takes extra patience for parents if
their child has shown this kind of symptom.

c. Lack of adequate social response

From an early age, parents are always taught to be able to provide direction
or learning to their children. Starting from how to do a number of small things such
as putting objects to speak two words as a form of socializing. Well, if the parents
who read this article find their children or babies experiencing social responses that
are classified as lacking, then it must be watched out and also dealt with
immediately. Lack of adequate social response at a very early age (2-3 years), in
fact, is one of the many symptoms of stunting.

d. The body fails to develop at the age of under two years

Growth that begins to be hampered or cannot become higher, especially in

the age of under two years, is the initial symptom as well as the meaning of stunting
itself. Symptoms of this one need handling quickly and precisely. If not, then the
symptoms of the body fail to develop properly, it will 'grow' into stunting which is
very detrimental and it cannot be overcome in the future. To find out whether the
baby or child has symptoms of the body failing to develop, can be seen through the
following signs. Like, weight that is difficult to rise, easily exposed to infection or
disease and late experiencing first menstruation (especially girls).

e. The face becomes younger at age

Most stunting indications or symptoms arise with the fact that all common
growth in children becomes stunted or fails to develop. Not only height and weight,
skin or face conditions also affected. A child or baby diagnosed with stunting will
have a face that looks younger at his age. Unlike the failure to develop height which
is the initial symptom, the face looks younger is the final symptom of stunting. This
one symptom is like a double-edged knife, because on the one hand it is very easy
to recognize or pay attention, but on the other hand, it is quite difficult to handle or
prevent because of the time of its emergence which tends to be late.
 Chapter III
CONCLUDES
3.1 Conclusion
Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to
chronic malnutrition so children are too short for their age. Malnutrition occurs
since the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born but the
stunting condition only appears after the baby is 2 years old. Stunted and severely
stunted are toddlers with body length (PB /U) or height (TU/U) according to their
age compared to the standard WHO-MGR (Multisentre Growth Reference Study)
2006.
Stunting is caused by multidimensional factors and is not only caused
by malnutrition factors experienced by pregnant women and children under five.
The most decisive intervention to be able to reduce the prevalence of stunting is
therefore necessary for the First 1000 Days of Life for children under five. Some of
the factors that cause stunting are: poor parenting practices, limited health services,
lack of access to nutritious food families and lack of clean water and sanitation.
Broadly speaking, this health problem is caused by a lack of important
nutrients in the body such as fat, carbohydrates and protein. In this case parents
misinterpret if fat is a sign that their child is healthy. In fact, obesity at an unnatural
age is basically a symptom of malnutrition and stunting itself. Stunting symptoms
include: fatigue for no apparent reason, irritability or anger, lack of social response
and face looking younger than his age.
Stunting is associated with a less developed brain with long-term
dangerous consequences, including small mental abilities and capacity to learn and
an increased risk of chronic diseases related to nutrition.
Stunting cannot be cured, but the chain can be cut off through parenting
during the first 1000 days of life, namely by consuming foods with balanced
nutrition during pregnancy, checking at least 4 times, providing stimulation, giving
exclusive breast milk and complementary foods, introducing begizi foods to
children. child development with the Child Development Card.
3.2 Sugestion
Like we know, stunting is a condition of toddlers who are malnourished
in the form of carbohydrate, fat and protein. Stunting cannot be cured but we can
be prevented one of them through parenting during the first 1000 days of life, at
least 4x pregnancy checks, provide stimulation to fetus in the womb, provide
exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months followed by supplementary feeding
until the age 2 years, intoduce nutrious meals to children according to their age and
monitor the child’s development with a child development card.
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