DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
Tittle:- The Contribution Of Family Planning In Economic Development:[
in case of Cheliya woreda]
Prepared by:- Getachew Gamsisa
ID. NO-R/1522/08
Advisor:- Getenet Girma [Msc]
January,2019
Dire Dawa,Ethiopia
1|Page
CHAPTER ONE
I .INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Population of the country or other area is the total number of people who live in it. Population
changes as result of migration and natural increase. Natural increase is the difference between
birth rate and death rate .most countries have more birth rate than death rate and so there
population increase, unless a net less results migration. The world’s population rose to about
6142537000 by year 2000 population is increasing at annual increasing rate of
[Link]’s estimated that the world population totaled 550million in a year 1950 .By
the year 1980 the population has doubled to about 1100 million .Since in a year 1980 the world
population has increased nearly six fold .In most countries like African and other death rate
declined rapidly by the year 1900 long life span were brought due to the reduction of famine
,epidemic disease, improved water supply, sewage disposal and better medical care’s source( ).
Rapid population growth creates as ever drag on rates of economic development otherwise
attainable .Sometimes there point of preventing any increasing in per capital income. In addition
to the over problems on per capital income, rapid population growth seriously affects a vast
range of other aspects on quality of life important for social and economic progress in the list
developing countries ( ).
As stated by Malthus(1980:35) in introduction to population geography food production is
increased in arithmetic progression ,whereas population growth is increasing in geometric
progression .According to this idea the magnitude of population problem in some parts of the
world increases from time to time without any significant increase or improvement in economic
resources and technologies, especially this problems have faced widely in developing countries
(Malthus TR .An essay on the principle of population, New York .W.W Norton,1976:132) .
Similarly, Ethiopia is one of the list developing countries and which is the second populous
countries in sub Saharan African countries next to Nigeria with annual population growth rate of
2|Page
2.9% .The population of country is growing at an increasing rate .In the year 1998 the population
of Ethiopia was 59.9 million .In 2002 it was 67.2 million ,in the year 2005was 73 million ,and
currently it is assumed to be greater than the number of population in the year of 2005(that
means 73 million).So the population growth of the Ethiopia is very high rate, but economic
development growth at low rate. There is no equal match growth rate between population growth
and economic development. This high growth rate of Ethiopia population had affected the
economies of all regional, zone and woreda’s towns in the countries ( )
1.2. Statement of the problem
Family planning is one of the many strategies that can slow down population growth and reduce
demographic pressures, which in tackles the socioeconomic problem of society. As access to
well programmed family planning is becoming an important challenging the country, experience
over last couple of decades has shown that human number increased, the population carrying of
the environment decreased ( ).
With primary health care, infant mortality is falling, so families increasingly wants to limited the
number of children they have. They shift to smaller family size is every important drive of the
development. When family has two or three children ,all of whom are likely to invest in the
children nutrition ,health education and the family can have harmony served them for emergency
purposes .This investment in each person leads to higher incomes and better standard of living
the society ( )
Although the desire to have smaller families is driven by combination of raising incomes,
improve life expectancy, low infant and maternal mortality, better education and increase saving
as well as changing cultural and social norms is empirically supported in many countries, there is
empirical evidence to support these ideas in the study area.
3|Page
Previous researchers in the woreda studied how various aspects of economic development such
as education ,nutrition, status and health status and employment condition and so on predict their
use of family planning affect economic development of the study area .This study will collect
data on this reveres relationship using both quantitative and qualitative data to explore the impact
of family planning in promoting socio economic development of society.
This paper therefore tries to answer the following research question.
What is the major use of family planning to beneficiary?
What is the influence of education on the family planning program?
How can family planning promote saving capacity and generate income of
women?
How can family planning increase women’s contribution on job and improve their
living standard level?
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.3.1. General objectives:
The general objective of this study is the show the contribution of family planning in promoting
socio economic development of the society.
1.3.2. Specific objectives:
The specific objectives of the study are:
To analyze the influence of education on the use of family planning program.
To examine factors that affects the use of family program.
1.4 Significance of the study
The finding of study will assist policy maker and administration of family planning programmer
and population designing intervention strategies. The study also become helpful to various
4|Page
households, disciplines and institution whose work associated with family planning more over
for further study, this paper can be used as a bench mark .
1.5 Scope of the study
This study will be attempted to analyze the role of family planning towards promoting the socio
economic development in Cheliya .Since the main aim of the study is to identify the effect of
family planning or socio economic development of the society concerning, saving capacity,
income level, improved standard of living and study target to women of the Cheliya in west
Shewa zone.
1.6. Limitation of study
The following constraints would be limited the research study in terms of quality and time line:
There would be also problem of willingness to fill questionnaires’ from some
respondents due to lack of proper attitude
Lack of reference materials,shortage of time and finance.
5|Page
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Theoretical Literature review
2.1.1. Definition of family planning
Family planning is the practice of birth control measure within the context of family value,
attitudes and believes including oral contraceptive, diagram, condom and family planning. It is
program to regulate the number and spacing of children in a family through the practice of
contraception or other method of birth control (Family Health international.2001). Partly
resulting from the fact that most modern contraceptive method is designed for the use by women
and partly because most programs as Summed those women’s is primarily responsible for family
planning. Historically, who have been primarily subject of contraceptive and family planning
study. Study question are largely the types of “How do various aspect of women lives affect
likely hood or level of family planning use? Question likely, how family planning does affect
various aspect of women life? We are not much entertained (EEA.2002).
6|Page
2.1.2 Contribution of family planning to economic development
Family planning is the internationally regulating in the birth of children to be economically
affordable to the families. There is cumulative effect on large of the society when all eligible
couple practices family planning in their particular society. This is because the individual
families are building block of particular society. However, studies made in Mexico and Thailand
estimated for dollar spent on family planning, the government shared 4and7 dollar expense
respectively (Hatcher,etal.1988:14).
On average Ethiopian women gives birth to seven children during her life time(Birth 14engender
Health,2002).statistics show that for every too live Ethiopian women die in the child birth
.Although an estimated 50% of Ethiopian women of productive would like to prevent pregnancy,
only 4% to contraceptive, many poor women must obtain unsafe and illegal (Engender
health,2002).
2.1.3 Family Planning and Attitudinal Factors
I .Knowledge of Family Planning:- Women awareness of family planning is another variable
effect on the use of contraceptive. Different studies have shown that awareness at least one
method essential pre condition for use of contraceptive but knowledge of more than one method
is required for women make an informed choice. The more method women know and the more
that they know about it, the better they will able to choice appropriate method. Thus the
discontinuation of use may decline since them the choice in appropriate method (MC cauley, etal
1994)
II. Knowledge of Availability Family Planning:- Knowledge of availability of conception has a
positive relationship with contraceptive use .to use contraception women must not only know
about the existence of contraception but also the knowledge about the service offered, where to
obtain and when can get service .Studies have shown that more women find contraception to be
available the more likely they are to use it (Ruby, 1996)
III. Couples Discussion on Family Planning:-The important of spousal communication is often
emphasized in family planning programs research. Numerous studies show that the amount of
7|Page
communication occurs between partners is positively also cited with contraceptive .In Africa
DHS women also had discussed family planning husband in the 12 months were on likely to be
using contraception than those who have not discussed family planning special communication.
Concerning contraception spatially in developing countries rare in Kenya, for example lack of
communication between spouses to be a more common obstacle to contraceptive use than male
opposition (Mc couples etal.1994).
IV. Husband Attitude towards Family Planning:- Women contraceptive husbands’ approval
of family planning is the main factors to use behavior. Many women do not use contraceptive
because their husband are proposed. In many cultures men typically have more say than women
in discussion to use contraception and in the number of children that at the couple will have (Mc
cauley, etal, 1994). In seven sub Saharan countries contraceptive use among women whose
husband disprove of family planning average s only one third as much as among women whose
husband approved of it(Rub,1996).
2.1.4 Factors That Affects Family Planning Programming
There are number of factor that affects family planning program expansion and effective the
major factors are discussed here under:
I .Policy institution :-The existence of conductive policy institutional framework is detrimental
for an efficient and need based expansion of use family planning in addition to the existence of
institutions and policies: expansion of education in a country plays a significant role in the
knowledge and use of family planning (EEA, 2002).
II. Cultural and Religious Factors:- Their objective of family planning is still serious even in
the areas where national program exist. In some countries a family planning program would
imply a complete reversal of practice ,tradition and furthermore where infant mortality is high
and children are needed for family work force high fertility is to be expected(EEA2003).
8|Page
III .Administration and Organizational Factors:-There is often serious limitation to matter
how easier the political commitment a family planning program can’t be effective unless there is
organizational structure capable of bringing the available technology to those prepared to make
use of it .Family planning programs are inherently difficult to administrator since they maintain
continuing contact with married couple over a long period (Population planning, 1962).
IV. Technology Factors:-Although contraceptive technology has made considerable progress in
the last [Link] no perfect contraceptive highly effective .It is also the practice that men
and women can use to prevent unintended pregnancies and too many children therefore family
planning makes it possible for couple to have children when they choose to and have only as
many children as they can provided enough food, housing and shelter. It can also provide the
chance for spacing pregnancy (Population and Development Ethiopia, 2007).
2.2 Empirical Literature Review
2.2.1 Family Planning in Ethiopia
[Link] Historical development of family planning in Ethiopia program
Maternal and child health (MCH) services in the Ethiopia started in1959, soon after the gradation
of the first public health terms of health officers .The services rendered then include antenatal
and postnatal care, child growth the monitoring ,health education and demonstration that were
carried out by health centers customarily every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon(EEA,2003)
Family planning service in Ethiopia has its inception with the conception with the concern for
maternal health by some philanthropic individual who under took the foundation of the family
9|Page
guidance association for Ethiopia (FGAE) in1111996, as nongovernmental, on profit
organization (Population and Development, 2002)
[Link] Family implementation and Challenges in Ethiopia Planning
Family planning is indispensable tool for improvement of health and being method and their
children and one of the major approaches to harmonized population growth with socio-economic
development as well as ensuring women’s human economic and political right and with
subsequent organization development family planning, planning services were prove free of
change with MCH activities both in and outside of Addis Ababa (IBID).
[Link] Objectives of Family Planning Programs.
The major objective of family planning in Ethiopia is help control the rapid population growth so
that it becomes computable with the living standard of the people and contributes to efforts
geared to create sensitive, efficient uses of the resource especially it endeavors:
To promote availability and equity of care in sexual and reproductive
health service so that, every child and adolescent will have health sexual
development.
To ensure that every family has the necessary knowledge and assess to modern
family planning method so that they could decide freely on the number of
children they will have and when to have.
To create awareness and provide the means to avoid problem of diseases
disability and death from sexually reproduction.
To adequate again sexual violence abduction harmful traditional practice in the
wider sense (Population and Development, 2007).
10 | P a g e
2.2.1. 4 Existing Convention, Policy and Strategies’
Ethiopia is signatory to several international health convention among with development. (ICPP)
with held in Cairo, Egypt and attended by official delegates from 179 counties come up with
shift for family planning from the demographic instrument to component of the border
reproductive health and right. The government of Ethiopia has developed relevant policies and
strategies to realize it commitment to the conventions in pledged to validate. It launched the
national health policy in September 1993, with special attention to the family particularly,
women and children those in the fore front of the productivity those most neglected regions and
segments of population and victims of man made and natural disasters (Population and
Development 2002).
[Link] Challenges of family planning program in Ethiopia
Based on national contraceptive forecast the reproductive health community security (RHCS)
will mean growing investment in contraceptive in the order of $8.3 million in 2006, increasing to
reach to $15.4million in 2010. More over with the current ambitions target of teaching of60% by
2015 we needed to triple our effort to allocate and utilize $32 million for RMCS.
In the time of rapid growth and with still weak logistic system for developing product users
building a minimal but critical butter stock will be an important element in the community in the
commodity security (Population and Development, 2007).
[Link] Importance of Family Planning
Family planning dramatically improves the health and the chance of survival of both mother and
children at the same time when parent are assured of their children survival. The may be more
likely to plan the families. This foreign assistance should support both child health and family
programs contribute to improved maternal and child health, to family wellbeing and stronger
families, communities and nation (Population action international, 2003).
I. Health Mother:- A mother health affects the health of the children to service the vulnerable
fast two day and a year, children need a good sort in life.
II. Birth Spacing Improve Child’s Survival:-The timing of birth has power full impact on
child’s chance of survival. New millions of children each year by preventing closely spaced
11 | P a g e
births or those to very young mother’s family planning could significantly reduce infant and
mortality.
III. Saving Mother Lives:- this death problem is at greater [Link] planning is preventing
at least one quarter of maternal death by reducing the incidence of high risk pregnancies. Girls
age 18; women over age 35
12 | P a g e
CHAPTER THREE
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA
Ethiopia is one of the horn of African countries. It has nine regional states .Oromia is one of the
nine regional states of Ethiopia. It has twenty-one zones. West Shawa zone is one of the twenty-
one zones of Oromia .It has eighteenth woreda’s. Cheliya was one of the eighteen woredas of
West Shawa zone. Cheliya woreda was selected from West Shawa zone for study. Cheliya is
boarded on the south by Nono and Dano, on south west by the Gibe river which separates it from
the Jimma zone, on the west by BakoTibe, on the north west by the Guder river wich separates it
from Horro Guduru Wallega Zone, on the north by Ginde-Beret, on the north east by Jeldu, on
the east by Ambo, and the south-east by Tikur. Relative location of woreda is 190 km from the
capital city of the country, Addis Ababa (Cheliya, Administration office, 2017).
The attitude of the woreda ranges from 1600 to 3576 meters above sea level and mean annual
rainfall of 2,000mm to 2,[Link] temperature ranges from 17 to 22 (Cheliya, metrological
station ,2017)
The total area of the woreda is 1,[Link] economic profile of the woreda is mostly
agriculture (cultivation of crops and breading livestock)
Demographically Cheliya has total population of 156,962of who 78,562 are men and 78,400 who
are women. It has 27 kebeles of which 25 are rural kebeles and 2 kebeles are urban centers
(CSA,2017).
3.1 Research Methodology
This of part the paper shows the technique to collect analysis and interpret the data which obtain
from different source. The study will use descriptive statistical tools to analyze the data obtained
to show the contribution of family planning to economic development in Cheliya woreda.
13 | P a g e
3.2 Types of data and sources
The study will be obtained from both primary and secondary data sources .The primary data will
be collected from sample house hold through questionnaire and interviews. The secondary data
will be collected from educational office of the woreda’s and other related documents.
3.3 Sampling technique and Sample size
Random sampling technique will be used to select the sample household in the study area, due to
it gives equal chance for all people and time constraint. Four kebeles from the 25 rural kebeles of
the woreda is selected by simple random sampling. Then from these kebeles 50 males headed
man 50 females headed households are randomly selected. The size of the sample is limited to
100 because of the shortage of logistics and time and to keep the feasibility of the research.
According to Yamane (1967) sample size at 95% confidence interval, the degree of variability
0.05 and level of precession 10% sample size was computed as follows:
𝑁
By formula n= 1+𝑁(𝑒2)
Where, N=Total of population
e=precession
n=sample size
N=54820
E=0.1
54820 54820
n=1+54820(0.1)2 𝑛 = 1+548.9 n=54820
548.9
= 100
14 | P a g e
3.4 Method of data collection
Different method of data collection will be used to conduct this study. The researcher collects the
raw data from each sample population by using questionnaire allows respondents to express their
feeling and suggesting freely and openly without the enforcement of researchers. It is also
relatively inexpensive collection.
3.5 Method of data analysis
For this study descriptive statistical tools will be used to analysis the study; like mean
percentage, graph and tabular forms, because of the tools are less cost, easy for, the reader to
understand what the study is.
15 | P a g e
