NeboshiGCi-FAQ . HSMs - 4. Give the meaning of the following terms: / (a) health; ‘The protection of bodies and minds of people from illness due to occu ‘exposure to chemicals and certain hazards leading to such consequences like cancer, silicosis, Noise induced hearing loss, Vibration white finger etc. (b) safety; (2) ‘The protection of people from physical injury - eg. Cuts, crush, amputation etc. It refers to a workplace having an acceptable degree of freedom from risk (1.e) Risk Is. reduced as low as reasonably practicable. (c) — welfar (2) Looking after people's basic needs. Provision of welfare facilities such as clean drinking water, hyglenic washroom facliities, clinic facilities, rest area to relax, transport facilities from workplace to camp / residence and back. (a) environmental protection. (2) Protection of the environment from Air pollution, water pollution and land pollution in order to protect Animals, birds, Plants, water / sea living organisms and human from health effects of pollution. 2. Explain the reasons for promoting and maintaining good standards of (8) health and safety in the workplace. ‘The reasons for managing Health and Safety in an organisation include |. MORAL REASONS (Societal Concerns) — When good H & S standards are ‘TRot maintained it will kill and injure people. Society as a whole considers injuries should not be the price to feed a worker's family. Employer who provides the work premises, equipments should demonstrate ethical and responsible behaviour to safeguard the health and safety of his employees. (Moral duty of care) NL LEG. (Social Expectations) ~ To fulfil the legal requirements of 1@ country with respect to health and safety. Breach of health and safety legislation is a criminal offence and would result in formal enforcement actions, fines and/or imprisonment. Criminal proceedings against the organisation will lead to bad publicity and end up in losing reputation. Further legal implications Include civil pursuit for compensatory claim by affected person. Ml COST REASONS / ECONOMIC REASONS / FINANCIAL REASONS ~ If good Standards of health and safety is not maintained in the workplace, it will result in accidents. To overcome the losses which otherwise an organisation has to incur due to accidents and ill-health such as loss of skill, property damages, business interruption and loss of Goodwill / Reputation.3. Outline potential barriers to achieving'good standards of health and safety (3) To start with, the very complicated nature of workplace involving different activities carried out by many different people, where deficiency in co-ordination could become a barrier to achieving good standards of health and safety. Other potential barriers would be conflicting demands such as meeting production targets versus need to achieve the same without compromising safety; behavioural issues such as committing errors (unintended deviations) or violations (deliberate) at work, as workers sometimes don’t follow safe practices because they are not programmed robots. 4. Identify possible costs to an organisation following an accident ina @) workplace. ‘The costs to an organisation following an accident would be Direct Costs and Indirect Costs. Direct costs include First aid treatment, Worker sick pay, Repairs/ r damaged equipment / buildings, lost production time whilst dealing with the injury, overtime to make up for lost time, fines in the criminal court, costs associated with the rehabilitation of injured worker and their return to work etc.,. Indirect costs include loss of staff from productive duties who investigate accidents/visit hospitals/clean up accident sites, loss of morale (impact on productivity), cost of rectuiting / training temporary replacement labour, loss of goodwill of customers following production delays, activation of penalty clauses for not meeting delivery dates, compliance with any enforcement notices served, loss of reputation etc., 5. Outline re hy it is important that an organisation maintains @ employers’ liability insurance. It is important for an organisation to maintain employers’ liability insurance to cover some of the losses that might foreseeably occur to an organisation. In most countries it is compulsory to take out employer's liability insurance to meet civil liabilities. Apart from that, the insurance may provide some comfort to workers as they are aware that the employer is insured to compensate them in the event of any Injury. 6. An organisation has had an increase in the number of manual handling accidents and associated health. IDENTIFY sources of information that may be available to help reduce the risks to workers. @) The sources of the information that may be available to help reduce the risks to the workers are: Health Surveillance Reports; Past Medical History of those affected, First Aid Room Registers; Any Specialised Scan, Lab Tests, X-Ray Reports from medical Labs / Clinics; Specialist Doctor’s advice and their reports on this Issue related to WRULDs; The Equipment user Manual ~ To check the Safety/Health Warnings /usage instructions; Safety and Health at work regulations 1992; HSE Bulletins; Statement or ‘Symptoms or health complaints told by workers; Previous Medical / Clinical reports ofworkers on the same issue — to match with the current new workers symptoms and compare to analyse the issues. 7. Outline the purpose of an organisation's health and safety policy. ® ‘The purpose of safety policy is as follows: It shows Management Commitment to Safety It glves the Organisation and Arrangements for controlling work related hazards we It helps to develop ‘procedures’ to protect people from injury and ill-health In order to comply with legal requirements of the country (Law of the Land) Italo guldes to manage health and safety on a cost effective basis . Identify the three main sections of an organisation's health and safety (6) policy AND outline the purpose of EACH. The three major sections of an organisation's Health and Safety Policy are 1. STATEMENT OF INTENT: The statement of intent demonstrates management's commltment to health and Safety, and sets goals and objectives for the organization. we 2. ORGANISATI ‘TION: The purpose of this section Is to allocate health and safety responsibilities within the company and to ensure effective delegating and reporting, 3. ARRANGEMENTS SECTION: This section sets out in detail the systems and procedurés that show how the policy is to be implemented. 9. Give reasons why the health and safety policy should be signed by the (2) most senior person in an organisation, such as MD or CEO. The signature of the most senior person in the organization would demonstrate management commitment. This would give authority to the policy. In addition, the \A) person concerned (who signs) ultimately has the responsibility for the health and safety in the organization. 10. Outline the typical content of all health and safety arrangements section (8) of a health and safety policy. The Issues that are typically included in the health and safety arrangoment section of the policy are setting out in detail the specific systems and procedures - for carrying out risk assessments; for Identifying and supplying health and safety information, Instruction and training; for incident reporting, recording and investigating; for developing safe systems of work and permit-to-work system; for monitoring health 5 and safety performance including auditing of system; arrangements for consultation with workers on health and safety ‘matters; arrangement for health and safety communication; arrangement for managing contractors and visitors; arrangement for health surveillance; procedure and arrangement to deal with likely emergencles