SCHOOL PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP STYLE AND TEACHERS JOB

PERFORMANCE

A Propose Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of Graduate School
BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY
MALAYBALAY BUKIDNON

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for the Degree
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT

ANALIZA T. CAMPILANAN
March 2017
 CHAPTER I

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Principal has a lot of important roles to play in school to facilitate the

development of the education system in our country. Among this roles include

providing effective leadership in school thereby enhancing better job

performance among teachers. How effective the principal is in performing these

roles has been a matter of concern to many educationalists (Aghenta 2000; Ige

2001). It is therefore on effective leadership among principals. It seems however

that many principals have not considered their style of leadership as

determinants of teacher’s job performance in their school. Hence some of them

seem find it difficult to administer their schools (Gronn, 2000; Adeyemi, 2004).

As such, leadership style occupies an important position in school management.

The school principal is in unique position as the manager or administrator who

controls school’s resources for the purpose of attaining organizational goals.

It is noted that employees behave differently under different situations.

Principal can therefore encourage effective performance of their teachers by

identifying their needs and trying to satisfy and meet them. Supporting this

argument, (Adepoju 1996) asserted that variables of job performance such as

effective teaching, lesson note preparation, effective use of scheme of work,

effective supervision, monitoring of student’s work and disciplinary ability are

regard, the teacher’s performance could be measured through annual report of

his/her activities in terms of performance in teaching, lesson preparation, lesson

presentation, mastery of subject matter, competence, teachers’ commitment to

job and extracurricular activities. Other areas of assessment include effective

leadership, effective supervision, effective monitoring of students’ work,

motivation, class control and disciplinary ability of the teachers. Whether or not

a teacher performs these virtues effectively is a subject to be investigated.

The concern of the study was to determine the best style of leadership out

of the autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership style that would

enhance better job performance among teachers.

Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of a group of people

by leader in efforts towards goal achievement (Nworgu, 1991). It involves a

force that initiates actions in people and the leader itself (Nwadian, 1998). It

could be described as the ability to get things done with the assistance and

cooperation of other people within the school system (Aghenta, 2001; Mounton

and Black 1994).

Researchers have identified three styles of leadership (Wiles,1990;

Liberman et al.., 1994). These include the Autocratic, Democratic, and Laissez-

Faire Leadership Styles. The Autocratic Leadership is also known as the

Authoritarian Style of Leadership. Power and decision making resides in the

autocratic leader. The Autocratic leader directs group members on the way

things should be done. The leader does not maintain clear channel of

communication between himself or herself and the subordinates. He or she does

not delegate authority nor permit subordinates to participate in policy-making (

Smylie and Jack, 1990; Hoy and Miskel, 1992; John 2002).
 The Democratic style of leadership emphasizes group and leader

participation in the making of policies. Decisions about organizational matters

are arrived after consultation and communication with various people in the

organization. The leader attempts as much as possible to make each individual

feel that he is an important member of the organization. Communication is

multidirectional while ideas are exchanged between employees and the leader

(Heenan and Bennis 1999). In style of leadership, a high degree of staff morale

is always enhanced (Mba, 2004).

Laissez-faire leadership style allows complete freedom to group decision

without the leader’s participation. Thus, subordinates are free to do what they

like. The role of the leader is just to supply materials. The leader does not

interfere with or participate in the course of events determined by the group

(Talbert and Milbrey, 1994).

B. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Certain theories of leadership have been identified by researchers

(Akintayo and Adeola, 1993; Ogunsanwo, 2000). These include the Trait Theory,

Situational Theory, Contingency Theory, Behavioral Theory and Path Goal

Theory.
 The Traits Theory tends to emphasize the personality traits of the leader

such as appearance, height, initiative, aggressiveness, enthusiasm, self

confidence, drive, persistence, interpersonal skills and administrative ability.

The Situational Theory stipulates that the leader are the product of a given

situations. Thus, leadership is strongly affected by a situation from which the

leader emerges and in which he operates.

The Contingency Theory is a combination of a Trait Theory and Situational

Theory. The theory implies that leadership is a process in which the ability of a

leader to exercise influence depends upon the group task situation and the

degree to which the leader’s personality fit the group (Sybil, 2000).

The Behavioral Theory could either be job centered or employee centered.

The job - centered leaders practiced closed supervision while employee centered

leaders practiced general supervisions.

The Path Goal Theory is based on the Theory of Motivation. In this theory

the behavior of the leader is acceptable to the subordinates only if they continue

to see the leader as source of satisfaction (Ajayi and Ayodele, 2001).

The relationship between principals’ leadership style and teachers’

job performance has been a subject of controversy by many researchers

(Nwadian, 1998; Adeyemi, 2006). The controversy was centered on whether or

not the style of leadership of principals influences the level of job performance

among teachers. Common observation in the school system shows that the

style of leadership of a principal could perhaps have serious impact on teachers’

job performance.

The problem of this study was to determine what relationship exists

between principals’ leadership styles and teachers’ job performance in Secondary

Schools in the Division of Davao del Norte under cluster I, II and III. In

addressing this problem, the following research questions were raised:

1. Which leadership style is most commonly used by School Principals in

the school under cluster I, II and III in the Division of Davao del Norte?

2. What is the level of job performance among teachers in Secondary

Schools under cluster I, II and III in the Division of Davao del Norte?
3. Is there any significant relationship between Principals’ Leadership

Style and Teachers’ job performance in Secondary Schools under cluster I,

II and III in the Division of Davao del Norte?

4. Is there any significant difference in teachers’ job performance in

schools having Principals using autocratic leadership style and

schools having Principals using democratic leadership styles in the

Secondary Schools under cluster I, II and III in the Division of Davao del

Norte?

5. Is there any significant difference in teachers’ job performance in

schools having Principals using autocratic leadership styles and schools

having principals using laissez-faire leadership style in Secondary Schools

under cluster I, II and III in the Division of Davao del Norte?

6. Is there any significant difference in teachers’ job performance in

schools having Principals using democratic leadership style and schools

having Principals using laissez-faire leadership style in Secondary Schools

under cluster I, II and III in the Division of Davao del Norte

METHOD

This chapter includes the methodologies used in research namely:

Research Design, Research Participants, Research Instruments, Data Gathering

Procedure and Data Analysis

Research Design

This study adopted the descriptive research design. The study population

comprised all cluster I, II and III Schools under the Division of Davao del Norte.

Stratified sampling technique will be used in conducting the study.

According to Stake (2005), descriptive research design attempts to

describe, explain and interpret conditions of the present. Its purpose is to

examine a phenomenon that is occurring at the specific place and time. It is

concerned with conditions, practices, structures, differences or relationships that

exist, opinions held processes that are going on or trends that are evident.
Research Participants

Selected cluster Schools under the Division of Davao del del Norte

particularly Cluster I,II and III only. Stratified sampling technique will be used in

conducting the study. Out of the total number of schools under cluster I,II and

III a sample of 50% of the total schools will be taken and selected through

Stratified Random Sampling technique. 30% of the total number of teachers

including principals in Cluster I, II and III will be taken and selected through

Stratified sampling technique. These principals and teachers will be the

respondents of the study.

Research Instrument

Two instruments will be used to collect data for the study. These will be

the Principals’ Leadership Style Questionaire and the Teachers’ Job Performance

Questionaire.