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Forced Vibration System Formulae Explained

The document discusses mathematical formulas for describing forced, damped vibration systems. It provides the basic differential equation of motion containing terms for mass, damping, and external forcing. For undamped systems under force excitation, the solution is a sum of complementary and particular solutions. The particular solution takes the form of the forcing function. For damped systems, the particular solution is a sum of sines and cosines, and solving the equations yields expressions for amplitude and phase shift containing natural frequency and damping ratio terms. Examples given include oscillating masses and plates.

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Ali Al-Basha
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107 views4 pages

Forced Vibration System Formulae Explained

The document discusses mathematical formulas for describing forced, damped vibration systems. It provides the basic differential equation of motion containing terms for mass, damping, and external forcing. For undamped systems under force excitation, the solution is a sum of complementary and particular solutions. The particular solution takes the form of the forcing function. For damped systems, the particular solution is a sum of sines and cosines, and solving the equations yields expressions for amplitude and phase shift containing natural frequency and damping ratio terms. Examples given include oscillating masses and plates.

Uploaded by

Ali Al-Basha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

3) What are the basic mathematical formulae describing an

excited (forced), undamped vibration system? Provide the


mathematical solution for the case of force excitation, and
describe the physical content of the formula. Show simple
examples.

A) What are the basic mathematical formulae describing an excited (forced), undamped
vibration system?

−𝒌𝒙 − 𝒄𝒙̇ + 𝑭𝟎 ⋅ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒕 = 𝒎𝒙̈

Equation of motion:

𝑭𝟎 ⋅ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒕
𝒙̈ + 𝟐𝝃𝒘𝒏 ⋅ 𝒙̇ + 𝒘𝟐𝒏 ⋅ 𝒙 =
𝒎

B) Provide the mathematical solution for the case of force excitation


From the free-body diagram, Newton’s second law gives

−𝒌(𝒙 − 𝒙𝑩) − 𝒄𝒙 − 𝒌(𝒙 − 𝒙𝑩 ) − 𝒄𝒙̇ = 𝒎𝒙̈


𝒌𝒃⋅𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒕
Or 𝒙̈ + 𝟐𝟓𝝎𝒏 𝒙̇ + 𝝎𝟐𝒏 𝒙 =
𝒎

First, we treat the case where damping is negligible (c 0). Our


basic equation of motion, becomes
𝑭𝟎
𝒙̈ + 𝒘𝒏𝟐 𝒙 = ⋅ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒕
𝒎
The complete solution to Eq. is the sum of the complementary
solution xc, which is the general solution of Eq. with the right side
set to zero, and the particular solution xp, which is any solution to the
complete equation. Thus, x=xc +xp. A particular solution is investigated by assuming that
the form of the response to the force should resemble that of the force term. To that end, we
assume

𝒙𝒑 = 𝒙 ⋅ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒕

where X is the amplitude (in units of length) of the particular solution.


Substituting this expression into Eq. 8/15 and solving for X yield

𝑭𝟎 ∕ 𝒌
𝒙=
𝟏 − (𝒘 ∕ 𝒘𝒏 )𝟐

Thus, the particular solution becomes

𝑭𝟎 ∕ 𝒌
𝒙𝒑 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒕
𝟏 − (𝒘 ∕ 𝒘𝑵 )𝟐

C) describe the physical content of the formula


D) Show simple examples.
seismographs, vehicle suspensions, and structures shaken by earthquakes

4) What are the basic mathematical formulae describing an


excited (forced), damped vibration system? Provide the
mathematical solution for the case of excitation by support
displacement, and describe the physical content of the
formula. Show simple examples.

A) What are the basic mathematical formulae describing an excited (forced),


damped vibration system?

basic differential equation of motion is

𝑭𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕
𝒙 + 𝟐𝜻𝝎𝒏 𝒙̇ + 𝝎𝟐𝒏 𝒙 =
𝒎

Again, the complete solution is the sum of the complementary solution


xc, which is the general solution of Eq. with the right side equal to zero, and the particular solution
xp, which is any solution to the complete equation. We have already developed the complementary
solution
xc . When damping is present, we find that a single sine or cosine term, such as we were able to use
for the undamped case, is not sufficiently general for the particular solution. So we try

𝒙𝒑 = 𝑿𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 + 𝑿𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 or 𝒙𝒑 = 𝑿 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝎𝒕−𝜱 )


B) Provide the mathematical solution for the case of excitation by support
displacement

Substitute the latter expression into Eq. , match coefficients of sin𝝎𝒕


and cos 𝝎𝒕 , and solve the resulting two equations to obtain

𝑭𝟎 ⁄𝒌
𝑿= 𝟏
{[𝟏 − (𝝎⁄𝝎𝒏 )𝟐 ]𝟐 + [𝟐𝜻𝝎⁄𝝎𝒏 ]𝟐 }𝟐

𝟐𝜻𝝎∕𝝎𝒏
𝝓 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 [ ]
𝟏 − (𝝎 ∕ 𝝎𝒏 )

The complete solution is now known, and for underdamped systems it


can be written as

𝒙 = 𝑪ⅇ−𝜻𝝎𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝎𝒅 𝒕 + 𝝍) + 𝑿 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒘𝒕 − 𝝓)

C) describe the physical content of the formula

D) Show simple examples.


a mass oscillates under water; oscillation of a metal plate in the magnetic field

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