15AS6C1
USN
R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU
VI Semester B. E. Examinations April/May-18(Makeup)
Aerospace Engineering
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (ELECTIVE)
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
1. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be answered
in the first three pages of the answer book only.
2. Answer FIVE full questions from Part B.
PART A
1 1.1 Finite volume discretization for scalar variable is obtained as
5 3 2 5. Is the above discretization expected to yield a
physically unrealistic solution? Justify with reasoning. 02
1.2 Differentiate between convection and diffusion. 02
1.3 Write down the second order central mixed finite difference expression for
. 02
1.4 While solving , the necessary condition for convergence is given by
_________ criterion. 01
1.5 Curl of velocity vector is called _________. 01
1.6 Define stability in numerical solution of fluid flow governing equations. 02
1.7 Ratio of rate of advection of a physical quantity by the flow to the rate of
diffusion of the same quantity driven by an appropriate gradient is given by
_________ dimensionless number. 01
1.8 Kronecker Delta is given by _________. 01
1.9 Explain Initial Boundary value problem. 02
1.10 Comment on how an Elliptic and Hyperbolic complement each
other in a given domain. 02
1.11 Important errors that occur in numerical solution are _________ and
_________. 02
1.12 Write down an expression for substantial derivative in cylindrical coordinate
system. 02
PART B
2 a What are the important applications of in engineering? 04
b Show that rate of change of extensive property of a system is equal to the
sum of rate of change of that property inside the control volume and net
flow across the control volume. Also indicate the assumptions made during
the process. 12
OR
3 a Distinguish between finite control volume approach and infinitesimal
element approach. 06
b Derive the expression for traction forces acting on any arbitrary plane . 10
4 a Identify the requisites for selecting the trial function and weighting function
in weighted residual formulation with example. 06
b Obtain the canonical form of wave equation. 10
OR
5 a List down the assumptions made in order to obtain -form from -form. 03
b Differentiate between Time – Marching and Space Marching with suitable
example. 05
c Derive Euler – Poisson’s equation for a functional , , , !" ,
assuming no virtual change at two different points within which the
function is continuous. 08
6 a What are the different types of boundary conditions encountered in solving
fluid flow problems? Explain them with suitable examples. 08
b Obtain the finite volume discretization equation for 1 heat conduction
equation with constant heat source. Comment on constant, linear and
higher order polynomial assumption for temperature profile. 08
OR
7 a Define the following with suitable examples:
i) Consistency
ii) Stability
iii) Convergence. 06
b Obtain explicit form of discretization of 1 unsteady state diffusion equation
using $ % method. Assume constant properties. 10
8 a Explain different pressure correction methods. 06
b Obtain the solution for following set of equations using Gauss – Elimination
method.
10 ' ( ) 12
' 10 ( ) 12
' ( 10 ) 12 10
OR
9 a Explain the following:
i) cell-centered formulation
ii) Gradient search method. 06
b A ball at 1200 + us allowed to cool down in air at an ambient temperature of
300+. Assuming heat is lost only due to radiation, differential equation for
temperature of the ball is given by
",
2.2067 12'( · 4, 5 81 1 107 !8; , 0! 1200 +
"-
Where , is in + and -: is in seconds. Find the first approximate temperature
@ - 480 <=>?" using Runge – Kutta 4th order method. Assume a time
step size of @ 240 <=>?" . 10
10 a Explain the Delaunay Triangulation method and identify Varonoi
Tessellation with neat sketch. 06
b Obtain a simple analytical transformation which can accomplish grid
stretching given by following expression
A ; ln 1!
Further obtain the continuity equation that holds in the computational
plane A, !. 10
OR
11 a Differentiate between structured and unstructured mesh with a neat
sketch. 04
b Explain any three grid generation techniques. 06
c List and explain the measures of quality of a grid. 06
16AS45
USN
R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU
IV Semester B. E. ExaminationsApr/May-18(Makeup)
Aerospace Engineering
KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
1. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be answered
in first three pages of the answer book only.
2. Answer FIVE full questions from Part [Link] Part B question number 2, 7
and 8 are compulsory. Answer any one full question from 3 and 4 & one
full question from 5 and 6.
PART A
1 1.1 List any two examples each for Higher Pair and Lower Pair. 02
1.2 Elliptical Trammel is a device used for drawing __________. 01
1.3 Compute the mobility of a mechanism with 3 links and also for 4 links. 02
1.4 The normal and tangential acceleration component of a link are given by
__________ and __________. 02
1.5 Name any 4 types of Cam followers. 02
1.6 List the conditions to be satisfied for a gear train to be called as reverted
gear train. 02
1.7 What is the radius of cycloid in case of cycloidal motion, if the maximum
outward motion of the cam flower is 62.84DD? 01
1.8 Write the expressions used in the Torque calculations of an Epicyclic gear
train. 02
1.9 List the expressions used to determine maximum velocity and maximum
acceleration for EFG of cam follower both during ascent and descent. 02
1.10 What is the function of a governor? What type of governor is a porter
governor? 02
1.11 __________, __________ and __________ are the three axes to be considered to
study the Gyroscopic effect and they will be __________ to each other. 02
PART B
2 a With a neat sketch explain an example for each inversion of single slider
mechanism. 12
b For a pair of spur gears in contact, identify the number of links and joints
and determine the mobility. 04
3 F, H, and are 4 masses carried by a rotating shaft at radius 100,125,200
and 150DD respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced
600DD apart and the masses H, and are 10, 5, 4IJ respectively. Find the
required mass F and the relative angular positions of the 4masses to keep
the shaft in balance. 16
OR
4 The firing order in a six cylinder vertical four stroke inline engine is1-4-2-6-
3-5. The piston stroke is 100DD and length of each connecting rod is
200DD. the pitch distance between cylinder center lines are 100DD,
100DD, 150DD, 100DD and 100DD respectively. The reciprocating mass per
cylinder is 2IJ and engine runs at 1500KLD. Determine the out balance
primary and secondary forces and couples on the engine, taking a plane
midway between the cylinders 3 and 4 as reference plane. 16
5 The exhaust valve of a diesel engine has a lift 62.5DD. it is operated by a
cam to give cycloidal motion during opening and closing periods each of
which corresponds to 120M of cam rotation. The follower is provided with a
roller of 20DD diameter and its line of stroke is radial. Minimum radius of
the cam is 25DD. Draw the profile of cam. Also determine the maximum
velocity and acceleration of the follower during outward and inward stroke,
if the speed of the cam is 300KLD clockwise. 16
OR
6 Draw the profile of a cam for the following details: minimum radius of
cam 20DD, rotation- Nwith 1000KLD, follower -10DD roller diameter, lift
of the follower 20DD, outward stroke-uniform acceleration and retardation
during 120M , Dwell at the full lift 60M , return stroke-%O during 120M , offset-
follower axis 5DD to the right of the axis of the cam. Calculate maximum
acceleration during return stroke. 16
7 a Explain with neat sketches along with the application of the following types
of gear trains:
i) Epicyclic gear train and
ii) Reverted gear train. 06
b An epicyclic gear train is composed of fixed annular wheel F
having150teeth. Meshing with F is wheel H, which drives wheel through
an idler wheel . ‘ ’ being concentric with ‘F’. Wheels H and are carried on
an arm which rotates clockwise at 100KLD about the axis of Fand . If the
wheelsH and have 25 and 40teeth respectively, find the number of teeth
on ‘ ’ and the speed and sense of rotation of ‘ ’. 10
8 a Explain the following terms with reference to a governor:
i) Sensitiveness
ii) Stable
iii) Unstable governor
iv) Isochronous governor. 04
b Analyze the stability of a two wheel vehicle taking left turn. Derive the
necessary equation. 12
