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Drainage Report

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106 views121 pages

Drainage Report

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Elly Kusumawati

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SKY MOUNTAIN APARTMENTS

GITY OF RENO, NEVADA

PRELIMINARY DRAINAGE DESIGN REPORT

SILAS R.
CALLAI-IAN
Exp:12-31-18
C IVIL

Prepared by:
Reno Engineering Corporation
Silas Callahan, PE
One East First Street, Ste 1400 . Reno, Nevada 89501

October 10,2017
PREFACE

This preliminary report determines required storm drain imprr:vements for the conversion of a
commercial parking lot to multi-family development. The site is idr-'ntified as APN 400-040-15. The site
is re-development, with an existing commercial use building converted to RV storage (RV storage
conversions is not a part of this project) and parking lot conrrerted to a multi-family apartment
development.

-[Link]! ' '

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i,'

i..
.:, '
The entire site is located within FEMA Flood Zone X per FEMA FIRM Panels 32031C038G dated March
16,2009.

This report is prepared in compliance with Reno Municipal Codes, Washoe County Developments
guidelines, and Truckee Meadows Regional Drainage Manual.

The following narrative details the drainage design concepts and the assumptions made to complete the
design.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed development consists of 12 apartment buildings with a total domestic unit count of 288 (3
stories and 24 units each) and a club house with pool. The total parcel area is L0.6L acres.
Development surrounding the parcel includes proposed RV storage to the North, single family
residential to the East, existing commercial and future commercial pads to the South and South
McCarran to the West. Currently, the site currently consists of an ersphalt pavement parking lot formerly
used as commercial parking. The parcel generally slopes West to East at approximately 0.8% grade.

Existing private storm drainage infrastructure will be the discharge points of all runoff contributed by
the proposed development. As a conversion from a highly asphaltic parking lot surface to a multi-family
development, total inflow to existing infrastructure is anticipated to decrease. Existing infrastructure
includes a 1-5" ,2!" and 24" point of connection, originally designed to drain the parking lot and aligned
through the adjacent lot proposed as RV storage to the North (2L" and 24"1and the existing commercial
to the South (L5").

ONSITE RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS

The contributing area to each of the existing pipes was evaluatecl in the existing and proposed area for
the 100-year event and pipe capacity of each existing pipe estinrated to evaluate compatibility of the
proposed development with existing infrastructure. Proposed basins are similar to existing as fully
possible. Based on the preliminary grading plan, NOAA atlas L4 trDF values and a rational coefficient of
O.7 for proposed multifamily and 0.9 for the existing parking lot, all contributories are less in the
proposed condition than the existing. Refer to attached calculations for further analysis. 5-year
calculations have not been performed since the 100-year values are more conservative.

Onsite storm drainage shall be based on either the 5-year or 100 year flow, depending on the inlet
condition. On grade conditions are typically sized to the 5-year €rvent, while sag conditions without 100
year releases are size for the 100 year event flow.

EXISTING DRAINAGE FACITITIES

Each of the existing pipe capacities has been determined based on Manning's formula. The proposed
100 year flow of each basin is less than the pipe capacity. Thus, no adverse condition is observed from
this development. Refer to attached calculations for further analysis. 5-year calculations have not been
performed since the 100-year values are more conservative.
tOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT

Open area adjacent to buildings will utilize swales for use as LID features and areas large enough for
ponding will be used to create shallow depth ponds for storm water quality enhancements. Final design
will be conducted using the City of Reno LID workbook and checked for passing conditions on all basins.

IMPACTS OF DEVETOPMENT CONCTUSIONS AND RECOMMEN DATIIONS.

. The proposed development has less impervious coverage than the existing ac parking lot and basins
are similar enough to prevent adversely affect contributing flow to the existing storm drainage
infrastructure. Proposed L00-year peak flows are less than the existing for all basins.

. Existing infrastructure capacity is greater than the 100-year storm flows for all existing pipes utilized
in the design. No adverse conditions are created from the proposed development.

Exhibits and Supports lnformation

. Drainase summary calculation sheet. All pertinent informatic,n regarding site drainage. This
summary sheet is intended to give the plan reviewer an executive summary of all pertinent site
specific drainage design inputs and conclusions.
Date I TOltOltT
RENO ENGINEERING

Client
Project

Calcs
Checked

PRECIPITATION FREQUENCY ESTIMATES 200

by duration for ARI: 5.76
0.1
o.2
0.3
0.5
1.0 o3bi-l- 037f f-94ry-. l-.-q6lZ*-L*q'8al
2.0 -o:oiT- --^-:----l--;;,^
oics I o,91lj-e.3Zz-;-9tl--
I nrqo I n?45
3.0
--'-'--'t-- -0.315 ![Link] lq44
6.0 -n.ruJ_p.rn,q
J_9,?!9
12.O
[-q$-J- q'{9-i-o'-r99
24.O T [Link] I [Link] 1 o-!24
46.7 -i
li_----
i o.o74
-- i [Link] .Fi --_--
0.096
72.O
l -ea1r-li:e.L{l--'-eq1-r
-0.'e.
i -.,.-'uq-
: j--qoj_g-1j:*g I [Link]
fn.*. f-ors
i
---..i.-- [Link]
| 0.082
93.3
qe't
.
j-qs1 f-gq9q
168.0 =*i
qryl _0,e1-r- i-is16 ffg+ 9 93 [Link].o4?
240.0
480.0
: :l;-i +#:
720.o
1080.0
0.006 [Link]
0.007
1440.0

Graph the : i-*1001-Y!-- L- 3lHr Storm

- -;J-----
I too Yr' 3 Hr Event

i-----
lii1
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i ri
ti
f-=-_-
!.

lili
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c y = 1.0838r0's2
>a
c f--Y--
o
c i\I'r
\-
l_='- _-\--€-
I

1.5 2.O

Time of Concentration (hr)

1of1
RENO ENGINEERING Date: LOILOILT

crient Calced By:

'6;;;tre-et
Project:lSfy rvrnt
I

I
recked By:

lDFStorm Event: lry3Pq

lDFParameters: b:11.08381
'' lEozzl I i= u-t*"')
Storm Factor: I __11
Basin lD A (ac.) C roc (hr) i (in/hrl A,.c I Q (cfs)
EXISTING
A 4.20 0.90 0.20 3.15 5./ 11.9
B 4.80 0.90 0.20 3.15 4.: 13.6
c 1.30 0.90 o.t7 3.s0 44
I.J 4.t
PROPOSED
A s.30 0.70 0.20 3.15 3., tt.7
B 4.20 o.70 0.20 3.15 2.1 4 9.2
c 0.80 0.70 o.L7 3.50 0. 6 2,O
niloH8rxEnil8 tolto/L7

Client: calced ay
Project Mnt checked gv
'FAE-I
'Fn-l

Pipe Report
Name Length Manning Slope Pipe Size Pipe Size Depth Depth/PS Vpeak vt/2 Flow Full Calc Depth
ft n ftft inftft Ratio fps fps CfS ft IE UP IE DOWN
0.43 0.35 5.19 6.18 7.59 0.43
1.30 0.74 6.07 5.37 72-9t 1.30
[Link] 0.56 s.13 4.97 15.44 !.t2
SKY MOUNTAIN APARTMENTS
GITY OF RENO, NE\/ADA

Preliminary Sewer Report

SILAS R.
CALLAHAN
ExP: 12-31-18
CIVlL

-rT
Prepared bY:
Reno Engineering CorPoration
Silas Callahan, PE
One East First Street, Ste 1400 ' Reno, Nevada 89501

October 10,2017
PREFACE

This preliminary sanitary sewer report determines calculated rsewer demand requirements of the
proposed project and verifies the capacity of the public sewer systems planned to discharge
into. The site is identified as APN 400-040-15. The following narrative details the sanitary
sewer design concepts and the assumptions made to complete the design.

'l
,fi
: PROJECT
I OCATTON
.'ff.
' 1 r-r1
o

I'
PROJEGT DESCRIPTION

The proposed development consists of 12 aparlment buildings with a total domestic unit count
of 288 (3 stories and24 units each) and a club house with pool. The total parcel area is 10.61
acres. Development surrounding the parcel includes proposerd RV storage to the North, single
family residential to the East, existing commercial and future r:ommercial pads to the South and
South McCarran to the West. Currently, the site currently consists of an asphalt pavement
parking lot formerly used as commercial parking. The parcel generally slopes West to East at
approximately 0. 8% grade.

All onsite sewer will be privately maintained. An offsite line located through apn 400-040-14 is
proposed as a part of the project, which will connect to the existing 8" public main located at the
existing entrance of APN 400-040-14.

SANITARY SEWER PEAK DEMAND

The expected sewage flows from the proposed project are calculated based on the domestic
unit count, per the City of Reno Public Works Design Manual. The estimated peak flow for the
proposed project is:

caD oal
2.0-+ x 2BB du * 350# gpd = 0.3L cf s
du du-day = 20'1,600
Flow contribution from the RV storage must be included as part of the public main demand and
has an estimated flow of:

B.93acres * E,ooo:J4 = 26,790 gpd - 0.04 cf s

acre -^
- day
Prior to the conversion to apartments and RV storage, the site consisted of commercial
development with an estimated contribution of :

19.54 acres. to,ooo;ffi= 19s,400 gpd =0.30 c/s

The expected peak flow increase from the original design and current known acceptable
capacity of public mains to the proposed uses is a 0.05 cfs increase (16% increase). This
increase is anticipated to have negligible impact on existing purblic sewer mains.

SANITARY SEWER MAIN SIZING

Using Manning's equation with a slope of 0.4% and coefficient of 0.014, a public main size of 8"
will be 50% full and have a velocity of 2.O fps. Since the develcpment is at the terminus of a
public main and downstream slopes are likely greater than O.4o/o, the public main is estimated to
have adequate capacity.

Onsite sewer pipe functioning as private mains will be 6" in diameter, matching the existing
connection of 6". Onsite pipe will be O.60/o or greater, yieldingl a maximum depth of 72o/o at total
peak flow. While the onsite sewer diameter and depth are outside the City of Reno design
criteria, the selected size is preferred due to increased velocilies. Since the development is at
the terminus of the main, a pipe capaclty of 72o/o is acceptabk: and allows for a 13% upper
deviation from the estimated peak flow. Since the system will be private, City of Reno public
main design requirements are not required.

CONCLUSION

The proposed development project is anticipated to increase lrewage peak flow from the original
commercial flow of 0.3 cfs to the proposed flow of 0.35 cfs. This is a minor increase with
negligible impact to existing public mains.

All sewage flow will connect to the existing 6" lateral for the e>:isting commercial building. All
onsite private sewer will be 6" diameter, matching the existing lateral size. While the anticipated
depth is higher and diameter is smaller than the City of Reno Design recommendations, both
are considered appropriate for private mains.

The above conditions are per City of Reno Public Works Design Manual - Chapter lV "Sanitary
Sewer" (January 2009).
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

YOUR QUESTIONS ANSWERED QUICKLY

Why did you perform this study?
This Traffic Impact Study evaluates the potential traffic impacts associated with the proposed Sky
Mountain Apartments project. This study of potential traffic impacts was undertaken for planning
purposes and to determine what traffic controls or mitigations may be needed to reduce
potential impacts, if any are identified.

What does the project consist of?

The project consists of 288 Apartment units. The project is located on the parking lot of a former
K-mart store and the building has been repurposed as a mini-storage facility. As such, the existing
infrastructure was intended to serve a major big box retail site and has available capacity for
redevelopment. The project will utilize three existing driveways.

How much traffic will the project generate?

The Sky Mountain Apartments project is anticipated to generate up to 1,915 net new daily trips,
147 net new AM peak hour trips, and 179 net new PM peak hour trips.

Are there any traffic impacts?

With the addition of project traffic, all study intersections are projected to operate at acceptable
LOS conditions (LOS “C” or better) under “Existing Plus Project” conditions during both the AM
and PM peak hours.

Are any mitigation measure required?

No mitigation measures are recommended since no significant traffic impacts were identified
through this analysis and all the study facilities are anticipated to operate at acceptable LOS
conditions with the addition of project traffic.

Page 1 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Study Area

2. Site Plan

3. Existing Lane Configurations

4. Existing Traffic Volumes

5. Project Trips

6. Existing Plus Project Traffic Volumes

LIST OF APPENDICES

A. Existing Conditions LOS Calculations

B. Existing Plus Project Conditions LOS Calculations

Page 2 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

INTRODUCTION
This report presents the findings of a Traffic Impact Study completed to assess the potential
traffic impacts on local intersections associated with construction of the Sky Mountain
Apartments project. This traffic impact study has been prepared to describe existing traffic
conditions, quantify traffic volumes generated by the proposed project, identify potential
impacts, document findings, and make recommendations to mitigate impacts, if any are found.

Study Area and Evaluated Scenarios

The project is located at the former Kmart/Great Western Marketplace parking lot on Sky
Mountain Drive in Reno, NV. The project location and study intersections are shown in Figure 1
and the site plan is provided in Figure 2. The following intersections were analyzed:

x Summit Ridge Drive / Summit Ridge Court

x Sky Mountain Drive / S. McCarran Boulevard
x Summit Ridge Drive / Project Driveway 1
x Summit Ridge Drive / Project Driveway 2
x Summit Ridge Drive / Sky Mountain Drive
x Project Driveway 3 / Sky Mountain Drive / Arbor Ridge Drive

This study includes analysis of both the weekday AM and PM peak hours as these are the periods
of time in which peak traffic conditions are anticipated to occur. The evaluated development
scenarios are:

x Existing Conditions (no project)

x Existing Plus Project Conditions

Future year scenarios have not been evaluated at this time due to the relatively small size and
low trip generation of the project, and the anticipation that no RRIF waiver agreement would be
pursued for off-site improvements.

Analysis Methodology

Level of service (LOS) is a term commonly used by transportation practitioners to measure and
describe the operational characteristics of intersections, roadway segments, and other facilities.
This term equates seconds of delay per vehicle at intersections to letter grades “A” through “F”
with “A” representing optimum conditions and “F” representing breakdown or over capacity
flows.

Page 3 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

The LOS for a Two-Way STOP Control (TWSC) intersection is defined by the worst movement
delay. The complete methodology is established in the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), 2010,
published by the Transportation Research Board. Table 1 presents the delay thresholds for each
level of service grade at un-signalized and signalized intersections.

Level of service calculations were performed for the study intersections using the Synchro 9.0
and Vistro 5.0 software packages with analysis and results reported in accordance with the 2010
HCM methodology.

Table 1: Level of Service Definition for Intersections

Un-signalized Signalized
Level of Brief Description Intersections Intersections
Service (average delay/vehicle (average delay/vehicle
in seconds) in seconds)
A Free flow conditions. < 10 < 10
B Stable conditions with some 10 to 15 10 to 20
affect from other vehicles.
C Stable conditions with 15 to 25 20 to 35
significant affect from other
vehicles.
D High density traffic conditions 25 to 35 35 to 55
still with stable flow.
E At or near capacity flows. 35 to 50 55 to 80
F Over capacity conditions. > 50 > 80
Source: Highway Capacity Manual (2010), Chapters 16 and 17

Level of Service Policy

The 2040 Regional Transportation Plan (2040 RTP) establishes level of service criteria for regional
roadway facilities in Washoe County, the City of Reno, and City of Sparks. The current Level of
Service policy is:

x “All regional roadway facilities projected to carry less than 27,000 ADT at the latest RTP
horizon – LOS D or better.”
x “All regional roadway facilities projected to carry 27,000 ADT or more at the latest RTP
horizon – LOS E or better.”
x “All intersections shall be designed to provide a level of service consistent with
maintaining the policy level of service of the intersecting roadways”.

According to the most recent (2015) data from NDOT’s Traffic Records Information Access
(TRINA) database, S. McCarran Boulevard within the study area carries more than 27,000 ADT.
All other roadways currently operate under 27,000 ADT. Hence, the 2040 RTP stated level of

Page 4 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

service threshold specific to this study area is LOS “E” for the Sky Mountain Drive / S. McCarran
Boulevard intersection only and LOS “D” for all other study intersections.

However, NDOT strives to maintain LOS “D” or better on all state facilities, which McCarran
Boulevard is, therefore LOS “D” should be considered the goal for all studied intersections.

EXISTING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

Roadway Facilities

A brief description of the key roadways in the study area is provided below.

S. McCarran Boulevard is a four-lane north-south major arterial roadway in the project area
roadway with two travel lanes in each direction. It is classified as a “High Access Control Arterial”
in the 2040 RTP. The posted speed limit is 50 mph within the project area.

Summit Ridge Drive is a two-lane east-west roadway with one travel lane in each direction. It is
classified as a “Low Access Control Collector” in the 2040 RTP. The posted speed limit is 35 miles
per hour (mph) within the project area.

Sky Mountain Drive is a two-lane north-south roadway with one travel lane in each direction and
a continuous center turn lane north of Summit Ridge Drive. The posted speed limit is 35 mph
within the project area.

Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities

Exhibit 1. Transit Routes
Sidewalks are present on both sides of all study
roadways, except that there is sidewalk only on
the east side of S. McCarran Boulevard south of
Sky Mountain Drive. Bike lanes exist on all study
roadways except for Summit Ridge Court.

Transit Service Project Site

RTC Route 3 currently operates immediately in

front of the project site, as shown in Exhibit 1.
Route 3 has a stop at the Sky Mountain Drive /
Summit Ridge Drive intersection and at the
former Kmart driveway. These stops are not in
service when snow is present.

Page 5 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

EXISTING CONDITIONS
Traffic Volumes

Existing traffic volumes were determined by collecting turning movement counts during the AM
and PM peak periods at the study intersections on an average mid-week days in May and June
2017. The existing lane configurations and intersection controls are shown in Figure 3 and the
existing peak hour intersection traffic volumes are shown on Figure 4, attached.

Level of Service Analysis

Level of service calculations were performed using the existing traffic volumes, lane
configurations, and traffic controls. The results are presented in Table 2 and the calculation
sheets are provided in Appendix A, attached.

Table 2: Existing Conditions Level of Service Summary

Intersection AM Peak PM Peak

Intersection
Control LOS Delay LOS Delay
Summit Ridge Court / Summit Ridge Drive
All-Way STOP
Overall B 10.0 B 13.7
S. McCarran Boulevard / Sky Mountain Drive
Side Street STOP
Eastbound Right C 19.7 B 13.1
Sky Mountain Drive / Summit Ridge Drive
Signalized
Overall A 6.8 A 8.1
Project Driveway 3/ Sky Mountain Drive /
Arbor Ridge Drive
Northbound Left A 7.8 A 7.7
Side-Street STOP
Eastbound Approach B 11.1 B 12.1
Southbound Left A 7.5 A 8.0
Westbound Approach B 11.6 B 12.8
Summit Ridge Drive / Project Dwy 1
Southbound Approach Side-Street STOP A 9.9 B 11.2
Eastbound Left A 7.6 A 7.7
Summit Ridge Drive / Project Dwy 2
Southbound Approach Side-Street STOP B 10.9 C 16.8
Eastbound Left A 7.6 A 7.7

As shown in Table 2, all study intersections are currently operating at acceptable level of service
(“C” or better) conditions.

Page 6 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

PROJECT GENERATED TRAFFIC

Project Description

The project is located at the former Kmart site parking lot on Sky Mountain Drive in Reno, NV.
The project location is shown in Figure 1 and the site plan is provided in Figure 2. The project
consists of 288 apartment units.

Trip Generation

Trip generation rates for the proposed project were obtained from the Trip Generation Manual,
9th Edition, published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Table 3 provides the Daily,
AM Peak Hour, and PM Peak Hour trip generation calculations for the proposed project.

Table 3: Trip Generation Estimates

Daily A.M. Peak P.M. Peak

Land Use Size
Total Entry Exit Total Entry Exit Total Entry Exit
220 - 288 Dwelling
1915 958 957 147 29 118 179 116 63
Apartment Units

As shown in Table 3, applying the ITE Trip Generation Manual trip rates, the proposed project is
anticipated to generate up to 1,915 total daily trips, 147 total AM peak hour trips, and 179 total
PM peak hour trips.

Trip Distribution and Assignment

Traffic generated by the project was distributed to the road network based on the location of the
project, major activity centers, and local roadway connections. The following trip distribution
percentages were used for distributing the project traffic:

x 65% travelling to/from the north to I-80 via S. McCarran Boulevard

x 5% travelling to/from the east on Summit Ridge Drive
x 30% travelling to/from the south on S. McCarran Boulevard

Project generated trips were assigned to the adjacent roadway system based on the distribution
outlined above. The project trip assignment is shown on Figure 5, attached.

Page 7 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

Project Access

Three primary access points are proposed for the development, one located on Sky Mountain
Drive aligned with and opposite Arbor Ridge Drive and two located on Summit Ridge Drive, as
shown on Figure 2. All access points are appropriate as a full access intersections allowing for all
possible movements with minor-street STOP control.

EXISTING PLUS PROJECT CONDITIONS

Traffic Volumes

Existing Plus Project traffic volumes were developed by adding the project generated trips (Figure
5) to the existing traffic volumes (Figure 4) and are shown on Figure 6, attached.

Intersection Level of Service Analysis

Table 4 presents the level of service analysis summary for the “Existing Plus Project” scenario.
Detailed calculation sheets are provided in Appendix B, attached.
Table 4: Existing Plus Project Conditions Level of Service Summary
Intersection AM Peak PM Peak
Intersection
Control LOS Delay LOS Delay
Summit Ridge Court / Summit Ridge Drive
All-Way STOP
Overall B 10.5 C 17.1
S. McCarran Boulevard / Sky Mountain Drive Side Street
Eastbound Right STOP C 22.3 C 15.5
Sky Mountain Drive / Summit Ridge Drive
Signalized
Overall A 7.3 A 9.0
Project Driveway 3 / Sky Mountain Drive / Arbor
Ridge Drive
Northbound Left Side-Street A 7.8 A 7.7
Eastbound Approach STOP B 10.3 A 9.6
Southbound Left A 7.5 A 8.0
Westbound Approach B 12.7 B 14.4
Summit Ridge Drive / Project Dwy 1
Side-Street
Southbound Approach B 10.8 B 13.0
STOP
Eastbound Left A 7.7 A 7.9
Summit Ridge Drive / Project Dwy 2
Side-Street
Southbound Approach B 10.8 C 18.0
STOP
Eastbound Left A 7.7 A 7.7

Page 8 of 9
Traffic Impact Study
Sky Mountain Apartments
June 13, 2017

With the addition of project traffic, all study intersections are projected to operate at acceptable
level of service (LOS “C” or better) conditions. No significant impacts are anticipated as a result
of the project at the study intersections.

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The following is a list of our key findings and recommendations:

Proposed Project: The project consists of 288 Apartment units. The project is located on the
parking lot of a former K-mart store and the building has been repurposed as a mini-storage
facility. As such, the existing infrastructure was intended to serve as a major big box retail site
and has available capacity for redevelopment.

Project Trips: The Sky Mountain Apartments project is anticipated to generate up to 1,915 net
new daily trips, 147 net new AM peak hour trips, and 179 net new PM peak hour trips.

Project Access: Three primary access points are proposed for the development, one located on
Sky Mountain Drive aligned with and opposite Arbor Ridge Drive and two located on Summit
Ridge Drive. All access points are appropriate as a full access intersections allowing for all possible
movements with minor-street STOP control.

Existing Level of Service: The studied existing intersections currently operate at acceptable Level
of Service (LOS “C” or better) conditions.

Plus Project Level of Service: With the addition of project traffic, all study intersections are
projected to operate at acceptable LOS conditions (LOS “C” or better) under “Existing Plus
Project” conditions during both the AM and PM peak hours.

Summary of Proposed Improvements: No project specific mitigation measures are

recommended since no significant traffic impacts were identified through this analysis and all the
study intersections are anticipated to operate at acceptable LOS conditions with the addition of
project traffic.

The RTC Ride bus stops at the former shopping center driveway should be relocated south to the
Project Driveway / Arbor Ridge Drive intersection where the pedestrian demand will be post
project. This action is understood to be an RTC function. With potentially higher transit usage at
this location, benches may be appropriate at the relocated bus stops.

Page 9 of 9
Study Locations
1 Summit Ridge Dr / Summit Ridge Ct
2 Sky Mountain Dr / S. McCarran Blvd
3 Summit Ridge Dr / Project Dwy 1
4 Summit Ridge Dr / Project Dwy 2
5 Sky Mountain Dr / Summit Ridge Dr
6 Project Dwy 3 / Sky Mountain Dr / Arbor Ridge Dr

0
I-8

Project
lvd

Site
S. McCarran B

Arbor R
6 idge Dr
Summi
t Ridge

ge Dr 3 4
Summit Rid 5
Ct

2 Sky M r
o u nta i n D

Figure 1
Sky Mountain Apartments
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY
NO SCALE Study Area
Figure 2
Sky Mountain Apartments
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY
NO SCALE Site Plan
§
¦
¨
80

Project
Site
6
Summit

Arbor R
idge Dr
Ridge

3 4 5 Summ
Ct

it Ri
dge

in D r
1 Dr

nta
ou
M
y
Sk
2
S. Mc
C a rra
n Blv
d

Summit Ridge Dr / Summit Ridge Ct Sky Mountain Dr / S. McCarran Blvd Summit Ridge Dr / Project Dwy 1 Summit Ridge Dr / Project Dwy 2 Sky Mountain Dr / Summit Ridge Dr Project Dwy 3 / Sky Mountain Dr /
Arbor Ridge Dr

1 2 3 4 5 6

Free

All-Way

Figure 3
Sky Mountain Apartments
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY
NO SCALE Lane Configurations
§
¦
¨
80

Project
Site
6
Summit

Arbor R
idge Dr
Ridge

3 4 5 Summ
Ct

it Ri
dge

in D r
1 Dr

nta
ou
M
y
Sk
2
S. Mc
Carra
n Blvd

6
(172) 108

(191) 227
(49) 53
(621) 281
(84) 60

(18) 4
(18) 4

(7) 3
(7) 3

(3) 5
(6) 6

(0) 0

(0) 1

(6) 8 69 (71) 526 (446) (7) 16 16 (7) (5) 7 7 (4) (229) 75 7 (16) (0) 0 1 (2)
(60) 73 15 (49) (607) 327 151 (195) (609) 336 160 (198) (296) 70 60 (68) (0) 0 0 (0)
(194) 165
(28) 22 83 (82) (189) 198 147 (112) (0) 0 12 (6)
710 (1401)
96 (210)
22 (90)
97 (149)
162 (382)

54 (85)
30 (73)
12 (52)

0 (0)
105 (305)
7 (13)

AM Volume (PM Volume)

Figure 4
Sky Mountain Apartments
TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY
NO SCALE Existing Traffic Volumes
§
¦
¨
80

Project
Site
6
Summit

Arbor R
idge Dr
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3DJH
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

TABLEOFCONTENTS
EXECUTIVESUMMARY............................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 2
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 3
3.0 SITE CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................... 3
4.0 EXPLORATION ................................................................................................................ 3
5.0 LABORATORY TESTING ................................................................................................ 4
6.0 GEOLOGIC AND GENERAL SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS................... 5
7.0 SEISMIC HAZARDS ......................................................................................................... 5
8.0 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................... 6
8.1 General Information ...................................................................................................................... 6
8.2 Seismic Design Values ................................................................................................................. 7
8.3 Site Preparation............................................................................................................................. 7
8.4 Grading and Filling ........................................................................................................................ 8
8.5 Trenching and Excavation............................................................................................................. 9
8.6 Foundations............................................................................................................................... ...9
8.7 Retaining Walls ........................................................................................................................... 10
8.8 Slope Stability and Erosion Control ............................................................................................ 11
8.9 Site Drainage............................................................................................................................... 11
8.10 Concrete Slabs ............................................................................................................................ 12
8.11 Structural Pavement Sections ..................................................................................................... 13
8.12 Asphalt Design Life ..................................................................................................................... 13
9.0 CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATION AND TESTING SERVICES ................................... 14
10.0 STANDARD LIMITATION CLAUSE ............................................................................... 14
11.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 15

TABLES
Table1–SummaryofTestData
Table2–SummaryofASCE7Ͳ10SeismicDesignValues
Table3–GuidelineSpecificationforImportedStructuralFill
Table4–AllowableFoundationBearingPressures
Table5–LateralEarthPressures
Table6–StructuralPavementSections

FIGURES
Figure1–ProjectDevelopmentArea
Figure2–GeologicMap
Figure3–USGSMappedFaults

APPENDICES
AppendixA–GeotechnicalPlates
AͲ1a–VicinityMap
AͲ1b–SiteMapandApproximateExplorationLocations
AͲ2–LogsofBoreholes
AͲ3–UnifiedSoilClassificationandKeytoSoilDescriptions
AͲ4–LaboratoryTestingResults
ͲϱʹZĞDŝZĞƐƵůƚƐ
AppendixB–USGSDesignMapsDetailedReport
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ThesubjectpropertyislocatedinReno,WashoeCounty,NevadaandiscontainedinSection9,Township
19N, Range 19E, M.D.M. The overall property was originally developed for a large retail facility. The
current project consists of developing twelve apartment buildings, with associated parking and drive
areas, in what was the parking area for the original development. It is anticipated that the existing
pavementwillberemovedandreplacedaspartoftheoveralldevelopmentplan.

Theoverallsite encompassesatotalareaofapproximately19.5acreswithapproximately8.5acrestobe
developed.ThedevelopmentisborderedbyacommercialbuildingandanIͲ80freewayeastramptothe
north,vacantparcelsborderalongthesouthernextents,SkyMountainDrivefrontsthepropertytothe
East,andSouthMcCarranBoulevardboundsthepropertytothewest.Apparentcutsrunalongthewest
andsouthwestlimitsoftheproperty.Theprojectsiteispavedwithasphaltconcrete.Thesiteslopesat
approximately1%tothesouth,southwest.

Soils encountered across the site consisted of medium plasticity clay and clayey sand to the depths
explored. Although difficult to specifically differentiate, we have assumed the site was graded with a
balanceofcutsandfillsandthereisalikelihoodfillsplacedaspartoftheoriginalgradingmaybepresent
withinthecurrentdevelopmentfootprint.Soilconsistency,asindicatedbyinͲsitupenetrationtests,was
consistentwithmediumdensesoilswhethernativeorfills.

Werecommendthefoundationsbeseparatedby12Ͳinchesofstructuralfillfromthemediumplastic
clayandclayeysandsoils.Nostructuralfillseparationisrequiredbelowthebasecourseforflatworkor
asphaltic pavements. Chemical testing of sulfates yielded results in the negligible level; no special
concreteprovisionsarerequiredforsulfateresistance.

With the incorporation of the grading requirements standard spread foundations should perform
adequatelyfortheplannedimprovements.

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Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Presented herein are the results of Wood Rodgers’ geotechnical exploration, laboratory testing, and
associatedgeotechnicaldesignrecommendationsfortheproposeddevelopmenttobelocatedinReno,
WashoeCounty,Nevada.Theassessmentsandrecommendationspresentedinthisgeotechnicalreport
havebeenframed,inpart,aroundthesurfaceandsubsurfaceconditionsidentifiedbyourexploration
program which was developed to be consistent with locally accepted industry practices regarding
exploratorymethodsandgeotechnicalinvestigationsforsimilartypeprojects.Theproposedstructures,
topography, gradingdesign,soils,andbedrockare alluniqueandthereforetheengineeringjudgment
employedbythoseinresponsiblechargeofgeotechnicaldesignconsiderations,asdefinedbytheState
of Nevada, is considered the established and accepted standard of care for evaluation and analyses
associatedwiththisreport.

ThisreporthasbeenpreparedinaccordancewiththeapplicableprovisionssetforthintheInternational
BuildingCode(IBC,2012)andtheamendmentsandmodificationsadoptedbytheCityofReno.These
documents establish the minimum level of structural integrity, life safety, fire safety and livability for
inhabitantsofdwellingunits.Geotechnicalconsiderationsforpublicimprovementshavebeenformulated
around the requirements of the City of Reno and the Standard Specifications for Public Works
Construction.Performancestandardsaroundwhichourprimaryrecommendationshavebeenframedare
based solely upon the requirements of the referenced documents. Any expectations of performance
inconsistentwith,outsidethepurviewof,orexceedingtherequirementsofthereferenceddocuments
are subjective, a function of materials, design, workmanship, and ownership and unless specifically
stipulatedorquantifiedhereinareconsideredinexcesstothescopeanddesignstandardsofthisreport.

Theobjectivesofthisstudywereto:

1. Explore,test,andassessgeneralsoil,bedrock,andgroundwaterconditionspertainingtodesign
andconstructionconsiderationsfortheproposeddevelopment.
2. Providerecommendationsassociatedwiththedesignandconstructionoftheproject,asrelated
to the identified geotechnical conditions and the stipulated design levels and performance
standardsestablishedherein.

The area covered by this report is shown in Figure 1 and on Plate AͲ1b (Site Map & Approximate
Exploration Locations) in Appendix A. Our study included field exploration, laboratory testing, and
engineeringanalysestoidentifythephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthevariousonͲsitematerials.
Resultsofourfieldexplorationandtestingprogramsareincludedinthisreport;inconsiderationofthe
stated design levels and performance standards, these results form the basis for all conclusions and
recommendations.

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Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

2.0 PROJECTDESCRIPTION
The site is located on Sky Mountain Drive with the
nearest cross street Summit Ridge Drive in Reno,
Washoe County, Nevada. Figure 1 presents the
development area which consists of approximately
the southwestern half of APN 400Ͳ040Ͳ07. The
project consists of developing twelve apartment
buildings and associated parking and drive areas.
Structures will consist of woodͲframe construction
with slabͲonͲgrade flooring. Foundation loads are
expectedtobelighttomoderate.

Allparkinganddriveimprovementswillbeevaluated
in accordance with local practices and City of Reno FIGURE1ͲPROJECTDEVELOPMENTAREA
design standards. Underground utilities will be
provided by a variety of public and private companies. Paved drive areas will facilitate access to the
housingunits.Importstructuralfillwillberequiredasaseparationbetweenstructuralsectionsandthe
mediumplasticclayandclayeysandsoils.Cutsandfillsareanticipatedtobeminimal.

3.0 SITECONDITIONS
Theoverallsite,locatedinReno,WashoeCounty,Nevada,encompassesatotalareaofapproximately
19.5 acres with approximately 8.5 acres to be developed. The development is contained in Section 9,
Township19N,Range19E,M.D.M.AsshowninFigure1,thedevelopmentisborderedbyacommercial
buildingandanIͲ80freewayeastramptothenorth,vacantlandparcelsimmediatelyalongthesouthern
extents,SkyMountainDrivetotheEast,andSouthMcCarranBoulevardtothewest.Apparentcutsrun
alongthewestandsouthwestlimitsoftheproperty.Theprojectsiteispavedwithasphaltconcretewhich
isutilizedforparkingpurposes.Thesiteslopesatapproximately1%tothesouth,southwest.Plantersare
present throughout the project site with curbs, plants and shrubs. The northwestern portion of the
propertyiscurrentlybeingutilizedfortemporaryRVsalesandrentalbusiness.

4.0 EXPLORATION
OnMay17,2017sevenboreholeswereadvancedwithatruckmountedCME55drillrigusingan8Ͳinch
O.D.hollowstemcontinuousflightauger.Theapproximatelocationsoftheboreholesarepresentedon
PlateAͲ1b (Site Map and Approximate Exploration Locations) in Appendix A. The maximum depth of
boreholeadvancewas10.5feetbelowtheexistinggroundsurface.Locationanddepthofboringwere
determinedbasedonsiteconditionsandaccessibility,anticipatedsoilandrockconditions,andproposed
developmentlocation.

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Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

DisturbedsoilsampleswereobtainedinaccordancewithASTMD1586atvariousintervalsusingtwoinch
ODsplitspoonsamplers.Thesamplersweredrivenintothegroundbytheforceofa140Ͳpoundhammer
fallingapproximately30inches.ThenumberofblowstodrivethesampleroneͲfootintoundisturbedsoil
isanindicationoftheconsistencyandshearstrengthofthematerial.

WoodRodgers’personnelexaminedandclassifiedallsoilsinthefieldingeneralaccordancewithASTMD2488
(DescriptionandIdentificationofSoils).Duringexploration,representativebulksampleswereplacedinsealed
plasticbagsorbucketsandreturnedtoourReno,Nevadalaboratoryfortesting.Additionalsoilclassifications,
aswellasverificationofthefieldclassifications,weresubsequentlyperformedinaccordancewithASTM2487
(UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem[USCS])uponcompletionoflaboratorytestingasdescribedbelowinthe
LaboratoryTestingsection.LogsoftheboreholesarepresentedasPlateAͲ2.AUSCScharthasbeenincluded
asPlateAͲ3(UnifiedSoilClassificationandKeytoSoilDescriptions).

Measurementofshearwavevelocity,toamaximumdepthof100Ͳfeet,wasalsoconducted.Shearwave
velocity measurements have been relied upon for the development of geotechnical design
characterizationofsoilstiffness.ThisinformationalsoaidsinthedeterminationofanappropriateSite
Class(IBC,ASCE7)andtoprovideascreeningtoolforliquefactionpotential.

5.0 LABORATORYTESTING
AllsoiltestingperformedintheWoodRodgers’laboratoryisconductedinaccordancewiththestandardsand
methodsdescribedinVolume4.08(SoilandRock;DimensionStone;Geosynthetics)oftheASTMStandards.
SamplesofsignificantsoiltypeswereanalyzedtodeterminetheirinͲsitumoisturecontents(ASTMD2216),grain
sizedistributions(ASTMD6913),andplasticityindices(ASTMD4318).Additionaltestingincludedchemicaltesting
forthepotentialofcorrosiontoconcrete.ResultsofthesetestsareshowninAppendixAonPlateAͲ4c(Chemical
TestingResults).Table1presentsasummaryofthetestdata.Thetestresultswereusedtoclassifythesoils
accordingtotheUSCS(ASTMD2487)andtoverifythefieldlogswhichwerethenupdated.

Table1ͲSummaryofTestData
%Sand
Depth Moisture %Gravel %Fines Liquid Plastic
TestHole (#4Ͳ USCS
(Ft.) (%) (+#4)* (Ͳ#200) Limit Index
#200)
ASTMStandard D2216 D6913 D4318 D2487
BHͲ1 5Ͳ6.5 ͲͲͲ ͲͲͲ ͲͲͲ ͲͲͲ 32 11 ͲͲͲ
BHͲ4 0Ͳ5 18.5 10.0 47.8 42.2 40 16 SC
BHͲ6 2.5Ͳ4 15.1 3.0 70.0 27.0 ͲͲͲ ͲͲͲ ͲͲͲ
*SinceASTMD2487islimitedbyamaximumparticlesizeof3",thegradationtestdatapresentedisbasedonamaximumparticlesizeof3".

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Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

6.0 GEOLOGICANDGENERALSOILANDGROUNDWATERCONDITIONS
BasedontheUSGSGeologicMapofNevada,thesite
ismostlymappedinageologicsettingofAlluvialFan
Deposits(Qfo),whichconsistsofolderfandeposits
undivided from early to middle Pleistocene. The
north, northwest extents of the property boarders
intermediate age fan deposits from the late
Pleistocene (Qfi). Natural Resource Conservation
Services’(NRCS)SoilSurveyMapsindicatethatthe
easternportionoftheprojectsitemostlyconsistsof
silty sand with gravel to ½ feet overlying a clay or
sandy clay; the western side is described as
consistingmostlyofcobblyclayorsiltyclayto5feet.
Bedrockisexpectedtobebepresentapproximately FIGURE2ͲGEOLOGICMAP
5to8feetbelowtheexistingsurfacebutmayvarytoasshallowas1foot.Thesoilsencounteredinour
explorations,clayandclayeysands,aresomewhatconsistentwithNRCSandthegeologicmap.

Groundwaterwasnotencounteredinanyofourexplorations.

7.0 SEISMICHAZARDS
TheTruckeeMeadowslieswithinthewesternextremeoftheBasinandRangephysiographicprovince
sandwichedbetweenthePahRahRangetotheeastandtheCarsonRangetothewest.TheBasinand
Rangeprovinceischaracterizedbyaseriesofvalleysboundedbynorth/southtrendingmountainranges,
byproductsoftheseismicallyactivezonesoftheWasatchFrontinUtahandtheSierraNevadaMountains
along the California/Nevada border. Faulting and seismic activity are integral to the formation of this
seriesofalternatingvalleysandmountainranges.Asaconsequence,thepresenceoffaults,activeand
inactive,iscommoninwesternNevada.

GuidelinesadoptedbytheCityofRenopresentthatfaultswithevidenceofmovementwithinthepast
10,000 years (Holocene time) are considered Holocene Active. Faults with evidence of displacement
withinthelast130,000yearsareconsideredLateQuaternaryActiveandfaultswithmovementwithinthe
last 1.6 million years are considered Quaternary Active. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, was
accessed to review the proximity of any active faults as previously characterized. Two faults of the
UnnamedQuaternaryfaultzoneinTruckeeRiverCanyonintersectattheprojectsiteasshowninFigure
3.Thesefaultsaredatedasbeing<1.6millionyearswithareportedsliprateof0.2mm/year;thisslip
ratetranslatesintolessthan1Ͳinchoftotaldisplacementin100years.Housesandapartmentsbuilton
faultsofsimilaractivityanddefinitionhavesurvivedtheirdesignlifewithoutnotablestructuralimpact
duetotheactivityofthoseolderfaults.Infact,asignificantportionofdevelopmentwithinthenorthwest

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Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

area of Reno has been built upon crossing faults of
similar activity and definition. Therefore, no further
studyofthefaultsisrecommended.

Liquefactionisalossofsoilshearstrengththatcanoccur
duringaseismiceventasexcessiveporewaterpressure
between the soil grains is induced by cyclic shear
stresses.Thisphenomenonislimitedtounconsolidated,
clean to silty sand (up to 35 percent nonͲplastic fines)
lyingbelowthegroundwatertable(typicallylessthan40
feet deep). Based on the information obtained during
our exploration and research programs, liquefaction FIGURE3ͲUSGSMAPPEDFAULTS
potentialdoesnotexistatthesiteduetothecompetent
natureofthesubgradesoilandbedrock.

8.0 DISCUSSIONANDRECOMMENDATIONS
8.1 GeneralInformation
Thefollowingdefinitionscharacterizetermsutilizedinthisreport:
i Rockfill possesses more than 30Ͳperent retained on the 3/4Ͳinch sieve. Rockfill may or may not
presentoversize,i.e.particlesgreaterthan6Ͳinches.
i FineͲgrainedsoilpossessesmorethan40percentbyweightpassingthenumber200sieveandexhibits
aplasticityindexlowerthan15.
i Claysoilpossessesmorethan30percentpassingthenumber200sieveandexhibitsaplasticityindex
greaterthan15.
i Granularsoildoesnotmeetingtheabovecriteriaandhasamaximumparticlesizelessthan6Ͳinches.
The recommendations provided herein, particularly under Site Preparation, Grading and Filling,
Foundations,SiteDrainage,andConstructionObservationsandTestingServicesareintendedtoreduce
risks of structural distress related to consolidation or expansion of native soils and/or structural fills.
These recommendations, along with proper design and construction of the planned structure(s) and
associatedimprovements,worktogetherasasystemtoimproveoverallperformance.Ifanyaspectof
thissystemisignoredorpoorlyimplemented,theperformanceoftheprojectcouldsuffer.Anyevaluation
ofthesiteforthepresenceofsurfaceorsubsurfacehazardoussubstancesisbeyondthescopeofthis
study. When suspected hazardous substances are encountered during routine geotechnical
investigations,theyarenotedintheexplorationlogsandreportedtotheclient.Nosuchsubstanceswere
identifiedduringourexploration.

Theboreholeswereadvancedattheapproximatelocationsshownonthesiteplan.Allboreholeswere
backfilledwithaugercuttingsuponcompletionofdrilling.

6
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

Structuralareasreferredtointhisreportincludeallareasofbuildings,concreteslabs,asphaltpavements,
aswellaspadsforanyminorstructures.Inaddition,thestructuralzoneshallbeconsideredtoextendat
a1:1(H:V)slopeoutfromthestructurefootprint.Allcompactionrequirementspresentedinthisreport
arerelativetoASTMD15571.

8.2 SeismicDesignValues
Inaccordancewiththe2012IBCandbasedonthemeasuredshearwavevelocityprofile,SiteClassChas
been assigned to the subject project. Based on a representative latitude and longitude of the site
(39.52269°N,Ͳ119.86044°E),theUSGSseismicdesignvaluesbasedonASCE7Ͳ10arepresentedinTable
2.ThedetailedUSGSreportispresentedinAppendixB.
Table2ͲSummaryofASCE7Ͳ10SeismicDesignValues

Lat. Lon. SS S1 SDC Fa F v SMS SM1 SDS SD1 FPGA PGAM

39.523 Ͳ119.860 1.583 0.589 D 1.0 1.300 1.583 0.765 1.055 0.510 1.000 0.562

8.3 SitePreparation
All vegetation and topsoil present within the planter boxes should be removed and stockpiled as
appropriate for use in landscaping. The existing pavement section should be removed and can be
processedasrecycledbaseasdescribedinStandardSpecificationsforPublicWorksConstruction.

Geotechnical exploration indicated the presence of clay soils across the project site. Therefore, a
minimumstructuralfillseparationof1footisrequiredbeneaththefoundationgrade.Noadditional
separationisrequiredbelowflatworkorpavementsotherthantheprescribedbasecourselayer.OverͲ
excavation shall extend at least 2 feet beyond the building pad limits and at a 1H:1V (Horizontal:
Vertical)belowfoundationgrade.

Thesitewasgradedduringtheoriginaldevelopmentoftheproperty.BecauseWoodRodgersisnotprivy
tooriginalplansand/orconstructiondocumentswecannotreadilydiscerntheextentoffillsand/orthe
qualityofthefillmaterialsplaced.Wethereforerecommendthatoncepavementshavebeenremoved
fromthedevelopmentareas,additionaltestpitsbeadvancedtoattempttodiscernthepresenceand
qualityoffillsthatmayhavebeenplacedduringoriginalgrading.Utilitytrenchesshouldalsobeexamined
forthepresenceoffills.Regardlessofthedegreeofdiligenceemployedduringconstruction,thepotential
forthepresenceofunidentifiedfillswillremain.

Areastoreceivestructuralfillorstructuralloadingshouldbedensifiedtoaminimumdepthof8Ͳinchesto
atleast90percentrelativecompactioninaccordancewithASTMD1557.Itisrecommendedthatsoils
have moisture contents of plus or minus 3 percent of optimum moisture (ASTM D 1557) prior to

1 x
Relative compaction refers to the ratio (percentage of the inͲplace density of a soil divided by the same soil’s maximum dry density) as
determinedbytheASTMD1557laboratorytestprocedure.Optimummoisturecontentisthecorrespondingmoisturecontentofthesamesoil
atitsmaximumdrydensity.

7
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

densification. Higher moisture contents will be acceptable if the soil horizon is sufficiently stable and
densitycanbeachievedinsubsequentstructuralfilllifts.Scarificationandmoistureconditioningmaybe
requiredtoachievetherequiredsoilmoisturecontentrecommendations.WheretheinͲsitubedrockis
competentandundisturbedinfootingtrenches,the90Ͳpercentcompactionrequirementmaybewaived
bytheICCinspectororgeotechnicalengineer.

Becausethedevelopmentareaispaved,thereisanincreasedlikelihoodthatsubgradesoilswillbenear
oraboveoptimummoisturecontentandthepotentialtoencounterpumpingsubgradesoilsexists.This
potentialalsoincreaseswherelandscapingorutilitytrenchesmaynothavebeensufficientlycompacted.
Where pumping soils are encountered, the area may be scarified and allowed to dry or removed and
replacedwithalayerofrockfill.Typicallyastabilizationdepthof12Ͳinchesisadequatetodevelopafirm
and relatively unyielding subgrade but variations may exist. Subgrade stabilization is a trial and error
process.Thecontractorshouldproposeastabilizationprotocolthatisconsistentwithhisreadilyavailable
meansandmethodsforreviewbytheowner,thegeneralcontractor,andgradinginspector.

8.4 GradingandFilling
Structuralfillisdefinedasanymaterialplacedbelowstructuralelementsandincludesfoundations,concrete
slabsͲonͲgrade,pavements,oranystructurethatderivessupportfromtheunderlyingsoil.Granular,fineͲ
grainedsoil,androckfillgeneratedonͲsitethatissubstantiallyfreeofvegetation,organicmatterandother
deleteriousmaterialcanbeusedasstructuralfill.Oversizematerial(>6Ͳinchandwillnotbreakdownduring
compaction)shallbescreenedfromthesoilspriortoreuse.Importedstructuralfillshouldbesubstantially
freeoforganicmatter,anydeleteriousmaterial,andmeettherequirementsofTable3.

Table3ͲGuidelineSpecificationforImportedStructuralFill
SieveSize(ASTMD6913) PercentbyWeightPassing
6Inch 100
4Inch 90Ͳ100
¾Inch 70Ͳ100
No.40 15Ͳ70
No.200 5Ͳ30
MaximumLiquidLimit(ASTMD4318) 40
MaximumPlasticityIndex 15
SolubleSulfateLevel(ACI318,Table4.3.1) Negligible
RͲValue(ASTMD2844) 30Min.

AdjustmentstotherecommendedlimitspresentedinTable3canbeprovidedtoallowtheuseofother
granular,nonͲexpansivematerial,includingrockfills.Anysuchadjustmentsmustbemadeandapproved
bythegeotechnicalengineer,inwriting,priortoimportingfilltothesite.Itisourintentthatrockfills
consistofa6ͲinchͲminus,wellͲgradedsoil.

8
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

Structuralfillshouldbeplacedinmaximum12Ͳinchthick(loose)levelliftsorlayersanddensifiedtoat
least90percentrelativecompaction.Allsoilsshouldhavemoisturecontentsofatleastplusorminus3
percent of optimum moisture (ASTM D1557) prior to densification. If rockfill is imported for use, a
placementspecificationshallbedevelopedbythecontractorandapprovedbythegeotechnicalengineer
aspartofthesubmittalprocess.

SitegradingandpadpreparationshallbeobservedandtestedunderthefullͲtimeservicesofamaterials
testingandinspectionfirmaccreditedbyAASHTOinASTME329.Inaddition,itisrecommendedthatfield
testingandinspectionpersonnelbeICCcertifiedinSoilsorNAQTCcertifiedinSamplingandDensity.Field
densitytesting(ASTMD6938,orASTMD1556)shallbeperformedataminimumrateof1testper1,000
cubic yards of material placed for mass graded fills and one density test per 300Ͳfeet of trench for
backfilloffootingoverͲexcavationtrenches.Thetestingfrequencyshallbeincreasedifthecontractoris
having difficulty achieving and maintaining the required moisture levels or if fill is placed in localized
zoneswhereadditionaltestingisrequiredtodocumentcompactionefforts.

Theexteriorfaceofanyembankmentshouldbeconstructedwithaninclinationofnosteeperthan2H:1V.
Thesurfaceoftheslopeshouldbecompactedtothesamepercentcompactionasthebodyofthefill.This
may be accomplished by compacting the surface of the embankment as it is constructed or by
overbuildingthefillandcuttingbacktoitscompactedcore.However,thecutawaymaterialshouldbe
placedandcompactedasoutlinedaboveratherthanleftatthebaseoftheslope.Minorvariationsin
slopegradientduetosculptingorlandscapingoftheslopefaceshallnotbeconsideredtobeinconsistent
withtherecommendationsofthisreportoradversetotheultimateperformanceoftheglobalstabilityof
theoverallslope.

8.5 TrenchingandExcavation
RegulationsamendedinPart1926,Volume54,Number209oftheFederalRegister(TableBͲ1,October31,
1989)requirethatthetemporarysidewallslopesbelimitedtomaintaintrenchstability.Basedontheresults
ofourexplorationprogram,itisouropinionthatthebulkofthesitesoilsappeartobepredominatelyTypeC.
AllfillsshouldbeconsideredTypeC.Alltrenchingshouldbeperformedandstabilizedinaccordancewithlocal,
state,andOSHAstandards.Bankstabilityistheresponsibilityofthecontractorwhoispresentatthesite,able
to observe changes in ground conditions, and has control over personnel and equipment. Additionally,
trenching and excavations difficulty is anticipated to increase below 5 feet from the original ground
surfaceduetocementitiousmaterialandsedimentarybedrock.

8.6 Foundations
Itisourunderstandingthatspreadfootingswillbeutilizedforthisproject.Providedthefoundationsoils
have been prepared in accordance with the recommendations of this report, the bearing pressures
presentedinTable4canbeutilizedfordesign.

9
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

Table4ͲAllowableFoundationBearingPressures
MaximumNetAllowableBearing
LoadingCondition
Pressure(PSF)1

DeadLoadPlusFullTimeLiveLoad 3,000

Dead Load Plus Live Loads, Plus

4,000
TransientWindorSeismicLoads
1
Netallowablebearingpressureisthatpressureatthebaseofthefootinginexcessoftheadjacentoverburden
pressure.

For frost protection, footings should all be set at least two feet below adjacent outside or unheated
interiorfinishgrades.Footingsnotlocatedwithinfrostproneareasshouldbeplacedatleast12inches
belowsurroundinggroundorslablevelforconfinement.Regardlessofloading,individualpadfoundations
andcontinuousspreadfoundationsshouldbeatleast18and12incheswide,respectively,orasrequired
bycode.

Lateralloads,suchaswindorseismic,mayberesistedbypassivesoilpressureandfrictiononthebottom
ofthefooting.Therecommendedcoefficientofbasefrictionis0.45,andhasbeenreducedbyafactorof
1.5ontheultimatesoilstrength.Designvaluesforactiveandpassiveequivalentfluidpressuresare35
and375poundspersquarefootperfootofdepth,respectively.Indesigningforpassivepressure,the
upperoneͲfootofthesoilprofileshouldnotbeincludedunlessconfinedbyaconcreteslab,orpavement.
Thesedesignvaluesarebasedonspreadfootingsbearingon nativegranular soils,nativefineͲgrained
soils,orstructuralfillandbackfilledwithstructuralfill.

Ifloose,soft,wet,ordisturbedsoilsareencounteredatthefoundationsubgrade,thesesoilsshouldbe
removedtoexposesuitablefoundationsoilsandtheresultingoverͲexcavationbackfilledwithcompacted
structuralfill.Thebaseofallexcavationsshouldbedryandfreeofloosematerialsatthetimeofconcrete
placement.

Total settlement for the structures is anticipated to be on the order of 1Ͳinch, or less. Differential
settlementbetweenfoundationswithsimilarloadsandsizesisanticipatedtobe½ofthetotalsettlement.

8.7 RetainingWalls
Recommended lateral earth pressures for consideration in the design of retaining structures are
presented in Table 5. Changes in earth pressures due to seismic influences were assessed via the
MononobeͲOkabeprotocol.Inaddition,wehaveassumedthatsomewalldisplacementisallowabledue
to the design event, and our recommended values have therefore been based on 70% of the USGS’
predicted PGA. The values presented in Table 5 do not consider hydrostatic pressures or surcharge
loading.Trafficloadingshouldbemodeledbyincreasingthewallbackfillloadbyanadditionalheightof
twofeet.Unlessconfinedbyslaborpavement,thesurfacefootofsoilshouldbeignoredwhenconsidering
passiveresistance.

10
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

Table5ͲLateralEarthPressures
Active(psf/f) Passive(psf/f)
Condition PseudoͲ PseudoͲ AtRest
Static Static
Static Static
Level 35 75 375 300 53

Excessiveretainingwallpressurescanbedevelopedduetoheavycompactionequipmentproximateto
thewallduringbackfillplacement.Therefore,duecareduringplacementandcompactionofbackfillis
required.Backfillbehindretainingstructuresshouldbecompactedtonotlessthan90percentofthesoils’
maximum dry density. French drains, a drainage backfill geotextile such as Mirafi 140 N, or a preͲ
manufactureddrainsystemsuchasTensor®DC1200maybeutilizedifbuildupofhydrostaticpressureis
possible. Soil preparation for retaining wall foundations and allowable bearing capacities shall be
consistentwiththeSitePreparationandGradingandFillingsectionsofthisreport.

8.8 SlopeStabilityandErosionControl
Stabilityofcutandfilledsurfacesinvolvestwoseparateaspects.Thefirstconcernstrueslopestability
related to mass wasting, landslides or the enmasse downward movement of soil or rock. Cut and fill
slopes,withgradientsof2H:1V(horizontaltovertical)orflatter,aresuitablefortheprojectsoils.The
specifiedslopeisbasedonanoverallslopeaverage.Itisnotintendedtoimplythatlocalizedsculptingof
the slope face, resulting in limited minor increases to slope gradient at isolated locations, would be
consideredinconsistentwiththerequirementsofthisreport.

Thesecondaspectofstabilityinvolveserosionpotentialandisdependentonnumerousfactorsinvolving
grainsizedistribution,cohesion,moisturecontent,slopeangleandthevelocityofthewaterorwindon
thegroundsurface.ErosionprotectionshouldbeinaccordancewithCityofRenorequirements.

Temporary(duringconstruction)andpermanent(afterconstruction)erosioncontrolwillberequired
foralldisturbedareas.Thecontractorshallpreventdustfrombeinggeneratedduringconstructionin
compliancewithallapplicablecity,county,stateandfederalregulations,andshallsubmitanacceptable
dustcontrolplanasrequiredbyWashoeCountypriortostartingsitepreparationorearthwork.The
projectspecificationsshouldincludeanindemnificationbythecontractoroftheownerandengineer
foranydustgenerationduringtheconstructionperiod.Theownerwillberesponsibleformitigationof
dustafterhisacceptanceoftheproject.

8.9 SiteDrainage
Adequate surface drainage must be constructed and maintained away from the structures. The
permanent finish slopes away from the structure should be sufficient to allow water to drain away
quicklyfromandpreventanypondingofwateradjacenttothestructure.Allrunoffshouldbecollected

11
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

withinpermanentdrainagepathsthatcanconveywaterofftheproperty.Asystemofroofguttersand
downspoutsisrecommendedtocollectroofdrainageanddirectitawayfromthefoundations.

Foundation and stem wall backfill should be densified to at least 90Ͳpercent relative compaction in
accordance with the requirements given in the Grading and Filling Section. Compacting the backfill
material decreases permeability and reduces the amount of irrigation and storm water available to
enterunderfloorareas.

8.10 ConcreteSlabs
A4Ͳinchminimumbasecourse(Type2,ClassB,StandardSpecificationsforPublicWorksConstruction)
compactedto95%relativecompactionisrecommendedbeneathconcreteslabsͲonͲgradesubjectsolely
tofoottraffic.Therecommendedbasecoursesectionshouldbeincreasedto6Ͳincheswherevehicleor
heavytrafficisanticipated.Alldedicatedandpubliceasementimprovementsshallbeconstructedin
accordancewiththeStandardSpecificationsforPublicWorksConstruction.

Wood Rodgers does not practice in the field of moisture vapor transmission evaluation/mitigation.
Therefore,ifavaporretarder/barriersystemmorerigorousthantherequirementsoftheIBCisdesired,
we recommend that a qualified person/firm be engaged/consulted with to evaluate the general and
specific moisture vapor transmission paths and any impact on the proposed construction. This
person/firm should provide recommendations for mitigation of potential adverse impact of moisture
vaportransmissiononvariouscomponentsofthestructureasdeemedappropriate.Ifspecialconditions
donotexist,WoodRodgerstypicallyrecommendsamoisturevaporbarrier,consistingofStegoWrap(20
mil),orequal,beplacedaspartofthemoisturevaporsystem.

Allconcreteplacementandcuringshouldbeperformedinaccordancewithproceduresoutlinedbythe
AmericanConcreteInstitute(ACI).Specialconsiderationsshouldbegiventoconcreteplacedandcured
during hot or cold weather conditions. Proper control joints and reinforcing should be provided to
minimizeanydamageresultingfromshrinkage.

Sulfatetestingonthenativesoilsintheimmediateareayieldedresultsinthenegligiblerange.Nospecial
provisionsarerequiredtoaddresssulfateresistance.

Western Nevada is a region with absorptive aggregates and exceptionally low relative humidity. As a
consequence,concreteflatworkwillshrinkandcurlinamannerwhichisnottypicalofotherUSregions.
PropersubͲgradepreparationandplacementofreinforcementareimperative.Jointspacing,locally,is
typicallyon10to12footcenters.Crackingthatoccurswithintheslabongradewilloftenreflectthrough
overlyingimprovementsevenifadequatesubstratepreparationhasoccurred.

12
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

8.11 StructuralPavementSections
Table 6 presents our minimum structural pavement sections for parking and driveways within the
development.ConcretepavementsectionshavebeendevelopedconsistentwithCityofRenostandards
fordrivewayapronssubjecttoheavytrucks.
Table6ͲStructuralPavementSections
Pavement TypeIIBaseCourse
Condition PavementType1
Thickness(In.) Thickness(In.)2
DedicatedRoadwaysand 2”Type3+Lime/2”
4 6
MainAccessDrives Type2
ParkingandAutomobile
3 Type3+Lime 6
TrafficDriveways
EquipmentOffload&
4 Type2+Lime 8
LoadingAreas,TruckZones
ReinforcedPortland
DumpsterAprons 6 6
CementConcrete
1
PertheStandardSpecificationsforPublicWorksConstruction
2
RecycledAggregateBasecanbeusedinlieuofTypeIIBasecourse

AllroadwayconstructionshallbeinaccordancewiththeapprovedplansandtheStandardSpecifications
forPublicWorksConstruction.Roadwaysubgradeshallbepreparedinaccordancewiththerequirements
ofthisreport.TheContractorshouldsubmitapavementmixdesigntotheOwner,forapproval,atleast5
workingdayspriortopaving.Whenpavementisplaceddirectlyadjacenttoconcreteflatwork,thefinish
compacted grade of the pavement should be at least ½ of an inch higher than the edge of adjacent
concretesurfacetoallowadequatecompactionofthepavementwithoutdamagingtheconcrete.

8.12 AsphaltDesignLife
Maintenance is mandatory to longͲterm pavement performance. Maintenance refers to any activity
performedonthepavementthatisintendedtopreserveitsoriginalservicelifeorloadͲcarryingcapacity.
Examples of maintenance activities include patching, crack or joint sealing, and seal coats. If these
maintenanceactivitiesareignoredordeferred,prematurefailureofthepavementwilloccur.

Thecostassociatedwithpropermaintenanceisgenerallymuchlessthanthecostforreconstructiondue
totheprematurefailureofthepavement.Therefore,sincepavementqualityisanintegralconsideration
intheformulationofourdesignrecommendations,westronglyrecommendtheowner/projectmanager
implementapavementmanagementprogram.

Prematurefailureofasphalticconcretefrequentlyoccursadjacenttopoorlygradedpondingareasand/or
landscape areas. Failures may occur due to excessive precipitation, irrigation and landscaping water
infiltrating into the subgrade soils causing subgrade failure. As such, in areas where saturation of the
subgrade soils beneath asphaltic pavement may occur, we strongly recommend the owner/project
managerinstallasubdrainsystemtoeliminatethepotentialforsaturationofsubgradesoils.Thesubdrain

13
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

systemshoulddischargeintoapermanentdrainageareathatwillnotimpededrainageflowtocausethe
systemtobackͲupand/orclog.Appropriatemaintenanceproceduresshouldbeimplementedtoensure
thesubdrainsystemdoesnotplugandallowforproperdrainageofsurfaceandsubsurfacewaterbeneath
pavedareas.Subdrainlocationandconfigurationshouldbeevaluatedoncefinalgradingandlandscaping
plans have been prepared. If the ultimate traffic exceeds the anticipated levels, it may be necessary to
reevaluateandoverlaythepavementatsometimeinthefuture.

9.0 CONSTRUCTIONOBSERVATIONANDTESTINGSERVICES
Therecommendationspresentedinthisreportarebasedontheassumptionthatthecontractorsperform
their work as required by the project documents and that owner/project manager provides sufficient
fieldͲtesting and construction review during all phases of construction. Prior to construction, the
owner/projectmanagershouldscheduleapreͲjobconferenceincluding,butnotlimitedto,theowner,
architect,civilengineer,thegeneralcontractor,earthworkandmaterialssubcontractors,buildingofficial,
andgeotechnicalengineer.Itistheowner's/projectmanagerresponsibilitytosetͲupthismeetingand
contact all responsible parties. The conference will allow parties to review the project plans,
specifications,andrecommendationspresentedinthisreport,anddiscussapplicablematerialqualityand
mixdesignrequirements.Allqualitycontrolreportsshouldbesubmittedtotheowner/projectmanager
forreviewanddistributedtotheappropriateparties.

Duringconstruction,WoodRodgersIncorporatedshouldhavetheopportunitytoprovidesufficientonͲ
siteobservationofsitepreparationandgrading,overͲexcavation,fillplacement,foundationinstallation,
andpaving.Theseobservationswouldallowustodocumentthegeotechnicalconditionsareinfactjust
as anticipated and that the contractor's work meets with the criteria in the approved plans and
specifications. Verification of horizontal and vertical control must be provided by whoever was
responsibleforestablishingthoseboundariesandconstructingassociatedimprovements.

10.0 STANDARDLIMITATIONCLAUSE
Thisreporthasbeenpreparedinaccordancewithgenerallyacceptedlocalgeotechnicalpractices.The
analysesandrecommendationssubmittedarebaseduponfieldexplorationperformedandtheconditions
encounteredasdiscussedinourreport.Thisreportdoesnotreflectsoilsvariationsthatmaybecome
evident during the construction period, at which time reͲevaluation of the recommendations may be
necessary.Werecommendourfirmberetainedtoperformconstructionobservationinallphasesofthe
project related to geotechnical factors to document compliance with our recommendations. The
owner/project manager is responsible for distribution of this geotechnical report to all designers and
contractorswhoseworkisrelatedtogeotechnicalfactors.

Itisthecontractor’sresponsibilityforthegradingandconstructionofthedesignedimprovements.This
responsibilityincludesthemeans,methods,techniques,sequence,andproceduresofconstructionand
safetyofconstructionatthesite.Allconstructionshallconformtotherequirementsofthemostrecently

14
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

adoptedversionoftheStandardSpecificationsforPublicWorksConstructionandtherequirementsof
WashoeCounty,Nevada.Failuretoinspecttheworkshallnotrelievethecontractorfromhisobligation
toperformsoundandreliableworkasdescribedhereinandasdescribedintheStandardSpecifications
forPublicWorksConstruction.

Allplansandspecificationsshouldbereviewedbythedesignengineerresponsibleforthisgeotechnical
report,todetermineiftheyhavebeenpreparedinaccordancewiththerecommendationscontainedin
thisreport,priortosubmittingtothebuildingdepartmentforreview.Itistheowner's/projectmanager
responsibilitytoprovidetheplansandspecificationstotheengineer.

Thisreporthasbeenpreparedtoprovideinformationallowingthearchitectandengineertodesignthe
project.Intheeventofchangesinthedesign,location,orownershipoftheprojectafterpresentationof
this report, our recommendations should be reviewed and possibly modified by the geotechnical
engineer.Ifthegeotechnicalengineerisnotaccordedtheprivilegeofmakingthisrecommendedreview,
wecanassumenoresponsibilityformisinterpretationormisapplicationofourrecommendationsortheir
validityintheeventchangeshavebeenmadeintheoriginaldesignconceptwithoutourpriorreview.The
engineermakesnootherwarranties,eitherexpressedorimplied,astotheprofessionaladviceprovided
underthetermsofthisagreementandincludedinthisreport.

This report was prepared by Wood Rodgers, Inc. for the benefit of Reno Land Development Inc. The
materialinitreflectsWoodRodgers’bestjudgmentinlightoftheinformationavailabletoitatthetime
ofpreparation.Anyusewhichathirdpartymakesofthisreport,oranyrelianceonordecisionstobe
madebasedonit,aretheresponsibilityofsuchthirdparties.WoodRodgers’acceptsnoresponsibilityfor
damages,ifany,sufferedbyanythirdpartyasaresultofdecisionsmadeoractionsbasedonthisreport.

11.0 REFERENCES
"318-11: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary." American Concrete
Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Apr. 2017.

AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM),2014,SoilandRock;DimensionStone;Geosynthetics,
Volume4.08.

The Asphalt Institute, 1991, Thickness Design Ͳ Asphalt Pavements for Highways and Streets, Manual
SeriesNo.1(MSͲ1).

Ramelli,A.R.,andHenry,C.D.,2010,PreliminaryRevisedGeologicMapsoftheVerdi,Reno,andVista7.5’
Quadrangles,RenoUrbanArea,Nevada:NevadaBureauofMinesandGeology,OpenFileReport
10Ͳ11,scale1:24,000

15
Geotechnical Investigation
Sky Mountain Drive, 3475002
Washoe County, Nevada

Bowles,J.E.,1996,FoundationAnalysisandDesign,McGrawHill.5thEdition

InternationalBuildingCode2012(includingNorthernNevadaAmendments);InternationalConferenceof
BuildingOfficials.

InternationalResidentialCode2012(includingNorthernNevadaAmendments);International
ConferenceofBuildingOfficials

Koerner,RobertM.,1984,ConstructionandGeotechnicalMethodsinFoundationEngineering,McGrawͲ
HillBookCompany

Sowers,George,F.,1979,IntroductorySoilMechanicsandFoundations:GeotechnicalEngineering

StandardSpecificationsforPublicWorksConstruction,2016(WashoeCounty,SparksͲReno,CarsonCity,
Yerington,Nevada).

16
APPENDIX A
GEOTECHNICAL PLATES
Image Reference: Google Earth
Geotechnical Investigation
SKY MOUNTAIN DRIVE
APN: 400-040-07
VICINITY MAP WASHOE COUNTY,NEVADA
Project No.: 3475002 PLATE
1361 Corporate Boulevard, Reno, NV 89502 Date: 05/30/17 A-1a
Phone 775.823.4068 Fax 775.823.4066
Image Reference: Google Earth *Proposed boring removed from exploration plan
Geotechnical Investigation
SKY MOUNTAIN DRIVE
APN: 400-040-07
SITE MAP AND APPROXIMATE
WASHOE COUNTY,NEVADA
EXPLORATION LOCATIONS Project No.: 3475002 PLATE
1361 Corporate Boulevard, Reno, NV 89502 Date: 05/30/17 A-1b
Phone 775.823.4068 Fax 775.823.4066
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MAJOR DIVISION TYPICAL NAMES

WELL GRADED GRAVELS WITH OR WITHOUT SAND,

MORE THAN HALF IS COARSER THAN CLEAN SANDS GW
LITTLE OR NO FINES
GRAVEL WITH LITTLE
POORLY GRADED GRAVELS WITH OR WITHOUT
MORE THAN HALF OR NO FINES GP
COARSED-GRAINED SOILS

SAND, LITTLE OR NO FINES

COARSE FRACTION
SILTY GRAVELS, SILTY GRAVELS WITH SAND
IS LARGER THAN GM
GRAVELS WITH
NO. 200 SIEVE

NO. 4 SIEVE
OVER 12% FINES CLAYEY GRAVELS, CLAYEY GRAVELS WITH SAND
GC
WELL GRADED SANDS WITH OR WITHOUT GRAVEL,
SW
CLEAN SANDS WITH LITTLE OR NO FINES
SAND
LITTLE OR NO FINES POORLY GRADED SAND WITH OR WITHOUT GRAVEL,
MORE THAN HALF SP
LITTLE OR NO FINES
COARSE FRACTION
SILTY SANDS WITH OR WITHOUT GRAVEL
IS SMALLER THAN SM
SANDS WITH
NO. 4 SIEVE
OVER 12% FINES CLAYEY SANDS WITH OR WITHOUT GRAVEL
SC
INORGANIC SILTS AND VERY FINE SANDS, ROCK
ML
MORE THAN HALF IS FINER

SILT AND CLAY FLOUR, SILTS WITH SANDS AND GRAVELS

FINE-GRAINED SOILS

THAN NO. 200 SIEVE

INORGANIC CLAYS OF LOW TO MEDIUM PLASTICITY

CL
LIQUID LIMIT 50% OR LESS CLAYS WITH SANDS AND GRAVELS, LEAN CLAYS
ORGANIC SILTS OR CLAYS OF LOW PLASTICITY
OL
INORGANIC SILTS, MICACEOUS OR DIATOMACEOUS
MH
SILT AND CLAY FINE SANDY OR SILTY SOLID, ELASTIC SILTS
INORGANIC CLAYS OR HIGH PLASTICITY, FAT CLAYS
CH
LIQUID LIMIT GREATER THAN 50%
ORGANIC SILTS OR CLAYS MEDIUM TO HIGH
OH
PLASTICITY
PEAT AND OTHER HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS
HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS Pt

60
CONSISTENCY RELATIVE DENSITY
50 SILTS & SPT BLOW* SANDS & SPT BLOW*
PLASTICITY INDEX (PI)

CLAYS COUNTS (N) GRAVELS COUNTS (N)

40 CH VERY SOFT 0-2 VERY LOOSE 0-4
SOFT 3-4 LOOSE 5 - 10
30
MEDIUM STIFF 5-8 MEDIUM DENSE 11 - 30
20 STIFF 9 - 15 DENSE 31 - 50
CL VERY STIFF 16 - 30 VERY DENSE 50 +
MH & OH
10 HARD 30 +
CL - ML
ML & OL * The Standard Penetration Resistance (N) In blows per foot is obtained by
0 the ASTM D1585 procedure using 2” O.D., 1 3/8” I.D. samplers.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
LIQUID LIMIT (LL)

DEFINITIONS OF SOIL FRACTIONS

SOIL COMPONENT PARTICLE SIZE RANGE
DESCRIPTION OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES OF COBBLES ABOVE 3 INCHES
GRAVEL, SAND, AND FINES GRAVEL 3 IN. TO NO. 4 SIEVE
TRACE Particles are present but est. < 5% COARSE GRAVEL 3 IN. TO 3/4 IN.
FEW 5% - 10% FINE GRAVEL 3/4 IN. TO NO. 4 SIEVE
LITTLE 15% - 20% SAND NO. 4 TO NO. 200
SOME 30% - 45% COARSE SAND NO. 4 TO NO. 10
MOSTLY 50% - 100% MEDIUM SAND NO. 10 TO NO. 40
NOTE: Percentages are presented within soil description for soil FINE SAND NO. 40 TO NO. 200
horizon with laboratory tested soil samples. FINES (SILT OR CLAY) MINUS NO. 200 SIEVE

Geotechnical Investigation
UNIFIED SOIL SKY MOUNTAIN DRIVE
APN: 400-040-07
CLASSIFICATION
WASHOE COUNTY,NEVADA
AND
Project No.: 3475002 PLATE
1361 Corporate Boulevard, Reno, NV 89502
KEY TO SOIL DESCRIPTIONS Date: 05/30/17 A-3
Phone 775.823.4068 Fax 775.823.4066
400>" !7%

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8

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213244+5+6576817+9:
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Geotechnical Investigation
SKY MOUNTAIN DRIVE
APN: 400-040-07
CHEMICAL TESTING RESULTS WASHOE COUNTY,NEVADA
Project No.: 3475002 PLATE
1361 Corporate Boulevard, Reno, NV 89502 Date: 05/30/17 A-4c
Phone 775.823.4068 Fax 775.823.4066
Geotechnical Investigation
SKY MOUNTAIN DRIVE
APN: 400-040-07
ReMi RESULTS WASHOE COUNTY,NEVADA
Project No.: 3475002 PLATE
1361 Corporate Boulevard, Reno, NV 89502 Date: 05/30/17 A-5
Phone 775.823.4068 Fax 775.823.4066
APPENDIX B
USGS DESIGN MAPS DETAILED REPORT
Design Maps Detailed Report Page 1 of 6

Design Maps Detailed Report

ASCE 7-10 Standard (39.52269°N, 119.86044°W)
Site Class C – “Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock”, Risk Category I/II/III

Section 11.4.1 — Mapped Acceleration Parameters

Note: Ground motion values provided below are for the direction of maximum horizontal
spectral response acceleration. They have been converted from corresponding geometric
mean ground motions computed by the USGS by applying factors of 1.1 (to obtain SS) and
1.3 (to obtain S1). Maps in the 2010 ASCE-7 Standard are provided for Site Class B.
Adjustments for other Site Classes are made, as needed, in Section 11.4.3.

From Figure 22-1

[1]
SS = 1.583 g

From Figure 22-2

[2]
S1 = 0.589 g

Section 11.4.2 — Site Class

The authority having jurisdiction (not the USGS), site-specific geotechnical data, and/or
the default has classified the site as Site Class C, based on the site soil properties in
accordance with Chapter 20.

Table 20.3–1 Site Classification

Site Class vS N or Nch su

A. Hard Rock >5,000 ft/s N/A N/A
B. Rock 2,500 to 5,000 ft/s N/A N/A
C. Very dense soil and soft rock 1,200 to 2,500 ft/s >50 >2,000 psf
D. Stiff Soil 600 to 1,200 ft/s 15 to 50 1,000 to 2,000 psf
E. Soft clay soil <600 ft/s <15 <1,000 psf
Any profile with more than 10 ft of soil having the characteristics:
• Plasticity index PI > 20,
• Moisture content w 40%, and
• Undrained shear strength su < 500 psf
F. Soils requiring site response See Section 20.3.1
analysis in accordance with Section
21.1
For SI: 1ft/s = 0.3048 m/s 1lb/ft² = 0.0479 kN/m²

[Link] 5/30/2017
Design Maps Detailed Report Page 2 of 6

Section 11.4.3 — Site Coefficients and Risk–Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake

(MCER) Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters

Table 11.4–1: Site Coefficient Fa

Site Class Mapped MCE R Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter at Short Period

SS 0.25 SS = 0.50 SS = 0.75 SS = 1.00 SS 1.25

A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0

E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9

F See Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7

Note: Use straight–line interpolation for intermediate values of SS

For Site Class = C and SS = 1.583 g, Fa = 1.000

Table 11.4–2: Site Coefficient Fv

Site Class Mapped MCE R Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter at 1–s Period

S1 0.10 S1 = 0.20 S1 = 0.30 S1 = 0.40 S1 0.50

A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

C 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3

D 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5

E 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4

F See Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7

Note: Use straight–line interpolation for intermediate values of S1

For Site Class = C and S1 = 0.589 g, Fv = 1.300

[Link] 5/30/2017
Design Maps Detailed Report Page 3 of 6

Equation (11.4–1): SMS = FaSS = 1.000 x 1.583 = 1.583 g

Equation (11.4–2): SM1 = FvS1 = 1.300 x 0.589 = 0.765 g

Section 11.4.4 — Design Spectral Acceleration Parameters

Equation (11.4–3): SDS = Ҁ SMS = Ҁ x 1.583 = 1.055 g

Equation (11.4–4): SD1 = Ҁ SM1 = Ҁ x 0.765 = 0.510 g

Section 11.4.5 — Design Response Spectrum

From Figure 22-12

[3]
TL = 6 seconds

Figure 11.4–1: Design Response Spectrum

[Link] 5/30/2017
Design Maps Detailed Report Page 4 of 6

Section 11.4.6 — Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) Response

Spectrum
The MCER Response Spectrum is determined by multiplying the design response spectrum above by
1.5.

[Link] 5/30/2017
Design Maps Detailed Report Page 5 of 6

Section 11.8.3 — Additional Geotechnical Investigation Report Requirements for Seismic

Design Categories D through F

From Figure 22-7

[4]
PGA = 0.562

Equation (11.8–1): PGAM = FPGAPGA = 1.000 x 0.562 = 0.562 g

Table 11.8–1: Site Coefficient FPGA

Site Mapped MCE Geometric Mean Peak Ground Acceleration, PGA

Class
PGA PGA = PGA = PGA = PGA
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0

E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9

F See Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7

Note: Use straight–line interpolation for intermediate values of PGA

For Site Class = C and PGA = 0.562 g, FPGA = 1.000

Section [Link] — Method 1 (from Chapter 21 – Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures

for Seismic Design)

From Figure 22-17

[5]
CRS = 0.933

From Figure 22-18 CR1 = 0.913

[6]

[Link] 5/30/2017
Design Maps Detailed Report Page 6 of 6

Section 11.6 — Seismic Design Category

Table 11.6-1 Seismic Design Category Based on Short Period Response Acceleration Parameter

RISK CATEGORY
VALUE OF SDS
I or II III IV

SDS < 0.167g A A A

0.167g SDS < 0.33g B B C

0.33g SDS < 0.50g C C D

0.50g SDS D D D
For Risk Category = I and SDS = 1.055 g, Seismic Design Category = D

Table 11.6-2 Seismic Design Category Based on 1-S Period Response Acceleration Parameter
RISK CATEGORY
VALUE OF SD1
I or II III IV

SD1 < 0.067g A A A

0.067g SD1 < 0.133g B B C

0.133g SD1 < 0.20g C C D

0.20g SD1 D D D
For Risk Category = I and SD1 = 0.510 g, Seismic Design Category = D

Note: When S1 is greater than or equal to 0.75g, the Seismic Design Category is E for
buildings in Risk Categories I, II, and III, and F for those in Risk Category IV, irrespective
of the above.

Seismic Design Category ʵ “the more severe design category in accordance with
Table 11.6-1 or 11.6-2” = D

Note: See Section 11.6 for alternative approaches to calculating Seismic Design Category.

References

1. Figure 22-1:
[Link]
2. Figure 22-2:
[Link]
3. Figure 22-12:
[Link]
4. Figure 22-7:
[Link]
5. Figure 22-17:
[Link]
6. Figure 22-18:
[Link]

[Link] 5/30/2017

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Drainage Report

Uploaded by

Drainage Report

Uploaded by

SKY MOUNTAIN APARTMENTS

GITY OF RENO, NEVADA

PRELIMINARY DRAINAGE DESIGN REPORT

-[Link]! ' '

ONSITE RUNOFF AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS

EXISTING DRAINAGE FACITITIES

IMPACTS OF DEVETOPMENT CONCTUSIONS AND RECOMMEN DATIIONS.

Exhibits and Supports lnformation

PRECIPITATION FREQUENCY ESTIMATES 200

Graph the : i-*1001-Y!-- L- 3lHr Storm

Time of Concentration (hr)

crient Calced By:

lDFStorm Event: lry3Pq

Preliminary Sewer Report

SANITARY SEWER PEAK DEMAND

B.93acres * E,ooo:J4 = 26,790 gpd - 0.04 cf s

19.54 acres. to,ooo;ffi= 19s,400 gpd =0.30 c/s

SANITARY SEWER MAIN SIZING

YOUR QUESTIONS ANSWERED QUICKLY

What does the project consist of?

How much traffic will the project generate?

Are there any traffic impacts?

Are any mitigation measure required?

3. Existing Lane Configurations

4. Existing Traffic Volumes

6. Existing Plus Project Traffic Volumes

A. Existing Conditions LOS Calculations

B. Existing Plus Project Conditions LOS Calculations

Study Area and Evaluated Scenarios

x Summit Ridge Drive / Summit Ridge Court

x Existing Conditions (no project)

Table 1: Level of Service Definition for Intersections

Level of Service Policy

EXISTING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities

Transit Service Project Site

RTC Route 3 currently operates immediately in

Level of Service Analysis

Table 2: Existing Conditions Level of Service Summary

Intersection AM Peak PM Peak

PROJECT GENERATED TRAFFIC

Table 3: Trip Generation Estimates

Daily A.M. Peak P.M. Peak

Trip Distribution and Assignment

x 65% travelling to/from the north to I-80 via S. McCarran Boulevard

EXISTING PLUS PROJECT CONDITIONS

Intersection Level of Service Analysis

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Proposed Improvements: No project specific mitigation measures are

AM Volume (PM Volume)

AM Volume (PM Volume)

AM Volume (PM Volume)

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