World Tipiṭaka in Tai Scripts

15 Script Set

า ิ ิ ะะ
Pāḷitepiṭaka

World Edition
Pāḷi lphabet

Pāḷi Tipiṭaka rthography based on

The Chulachomklao of Syām BE 24 6 Edition

40 Vols.
 (i)

BENEDICTION
by
His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara
The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand

Patron of
The World Tipiṭaka Project
The M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund

Major Suradhaj Bunnag, my ordainee saddhivihārika, who was ordained as a

Buddhist monk under royal patronage, and who is the Chancellor of the M.L. Maniratana
Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund under the Patronage of His Holiness the Supreme Patriarch
of Thailand, has informed me that he will publish the complete Pāḷi-language Tipiṭaka of
the Great International Council Buddhist Era 2500 (1956) in Roman script, for the first
time in Thailand. This Pāḷi Tipiṭaka has been meticulously edited by 2,500 Buddhist
monks of the highest scholastic repute in the Theravāda tradition from around the world.
The Romanised script edition of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, comprising 1,000 complete sets each
containing 40 volumes, will be presented as gifts of Dhamma to major international
institutions all over the world.
(ii)

I thereby designate this commemorative Pāḷi Tipiṭaka edition

in Pāḷi :
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500

and in English :
The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka

The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is the Holy Teachings of the Buddha, the Teacher of man and
divine beings. The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka falls into three divisions1, namely, Vinayapiṭaka, the Book
on the Disciplines; Suttantapiṭaka, the Book on the Discourses; and Abhidhammapiṭaka,
the Book on the Ultimate Realities. It comprises 84,000 Dhammakhandhas, or Dhamma
sections.

As He approached Parinibbāna, the Buddha uttered:

216 484...yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā...

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 25002

7D2:484 BY - NC - ND

Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Vinaya (Discipline) which I have established for you all, the Dhamma
and the Vinaya will be your Teacher after I am gone...

Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:4843

1
In the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is divided into 86 Pāḷi sections according to 86
Pāḷi Titles of the Buddhist Era 2500 (1957) Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. See Quick Guide.
2
See Dīghanikāya, Vol. 7, Book Division No. 216 of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Edition of the Buddhist
Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the Dhamma Society in Roman script
in B.E. 2545, and is referred in the new system of Tipiṭaka Studies Reference in this edition as M2500:
7D2.216, the Paragraph Number 484 is used instead of the Book Division Number 216.
3
See footnote 2
 (iii)

Consequently, five hundred Arahanta Elders, who were all led by Venerable
Mahākassapa Arahanta held the First Great Council for compilation of the Buddha’s
words in the Tipiṭaka at the city of Rājagaha in ancient India. The gathering of the
arahantas at the First Great Council is called in Pāḷi as Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti. Thereafter
there were Great Councils with a view to perpetuate the Teachings of the Buddha.
Buddhists all over the world regard the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka as the Buddha Himself. Hence,
the compilation of the Buddha’s words and the propagation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka are
profound meritorious acts.

Thailand’s friendly Buddhist countries including Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia,

and Laos which profess Theravāda Buddhasāsana held, during Buddhist Era 2497-2499
(1953-1955), in Yangon, the Great Council of the Buddha’s Teaching. The Buddhist
monks who were well-versed in the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka were invited from all over the world
to edit and verify the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka.

With the approval of the Ecclesiastical Council under the auspices of the Royal
Thai Government, a group of Buddhist monks from Thailand including myself took part
in this Great Council. Their Majesties the King and Queen of Thailand made a State
Visit to Yangon, Myanmar, in Buddhist Era 2503 (1960), and offered their royal support
to the Great International Council along with the Heads of State of other countries. In
Their Majesties’ offcial suite, was included Thanphuying M.L. Maniratana Bunnag,
Her Majesty the Queen’s Lady-in-Waiting.

With the completion of the Romanization of the Buddhist Era 2500 Great
International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Edition, Thanphuying M.L. Maniratana Bunnag
expressed her deepest appreciation and acted as leader in organizing the Romanised
edition to be published and propagated all over the world in commemoration on the
auspicious 72nd Royal Anniversary Birth of His Majesty the King, the Buddhist Sovereign
Monarch of the Thai Nation, in Buddhist Era 2542 (1999).
(iv)

I would, therefore, like to offer commendation for this profound meritorious act.
May happiness and peace pervade the whole universe through the omnipotent power
of the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṁgha, through the omnipotent power of the
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka with 84,000 Dhammakhandhas, through the omnipotent power of Phra
Syāmadevādhirāja, the Guardian Deity of Siam, and through the omnipotent power of
the highest god brahma and deities of the whole universe. May Their Majesties, King
Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great Dhamma Protector and Queen Sirikit of Thailand, who
are both endowed with benevolent and excellent qualities and ever-firmly devoted to
Buddhasāsana, and all the members of royal lineage, be blessed with longevity, happiness
and peace.

May the highest brahma gods and deities, as well as human and all beings,
joyously celebrate and bless those who have piously donated money and kind toward this
profound meritorious act of preparation the complete Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Edition in Roman
Script4 published in the Kingdom of Thailand, the first of its kind in the world, for their
happiness and prosperity, now and always.

His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara

The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand

20 October Buddhist Era 2542 (1999),

amended, 25 January Buddhist Era 2545 (2002)
Bovornives Vihāra, Bangkok.

4
The first three inaugural sets were graciously presented as gifts of Dhamma in 2005 by Her Royal Highness
Princess Galyani Vadhana Krom Luang Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra, the Royal Matriarch of Thailand,
to the President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Vice Chancellor of
Uppsala University in Uppsala, Kingdom of Sweden, and President of the Constitutional Court of the
Kingdom of Thailand in Bangkok.

See Royal Message of the Tipiṭaka Presentation in Tipiṭaka Studies Reference 2007.
 (vii)

DHAMMA SOCIETY
The M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund
Under the Patronage of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara
The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand

INTRODUCTION

The Importance of the Tipiṭaka in Buddhasāsana

by
Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka
(P. A. Payutto)

The term Buddhasāsana or Buddhism is generally used to convey a wide variety

of meanings ranging from the Dhamma, the Saṁgha, their organizations and activities, to
all religious sites and objects. However, if we examine the term to penetrate to its core,
the meaning of Buddhasāsana is straightforward —its literal reading, “the Teachings of
the Buddha,” which is the essence of Buddhasāsana; everything else is an extension or
out growth of His Teachings1.

1
In the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is devided into 86 sections of Pāḷi according to
the Pāḷi Titles of the Buddhist Era Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. See Quick Guide
(viii)

Once we have grasped the true meaning of the term, we will realize that the
continuation of Buddhasāsana means the existence of the Buddha’s Teachings. Were
they to become vague or disappear, no matter how numerous are devotees and activities
or how imposing religious institutions and objects are, it could not be said that
Buddhasāsana exists. On the contrary, should those extraneous tangibles disintegrate
while the Teachings of the Buddha remain, people can still have an opportunity to
know Buddhasāsana. Consequently, Buddhasāsana can truly be upheld through the
preservation of the Buddha’s Teachings.

Dhamma and Vinaya : Embodiment and Abode of the Buddha

Buddhasāsana or the Teachings of the Buddha refer to the words of the Buddha, or
His speech. Therefore, the preservation of Buddhasāsana is essentially the preservation of
the words that the Buddha uttered in His sermons and the Discipline He laid down.

All Buddhists are well aware that the Dhamma and the Vinaya represent the
Buddha, for the Buddha Himself said:

216 484...Yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā...

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 25002

7D2:484 BY - NC - ND

Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Vinaya (Discipline) which I have established for you all, the Dhamma
and the Vinaya will be your Teacher after I am gone...

Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:484

2
See Dīghanikāya, Vol. 7, Book Division No. 216 of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Edition of the Buddhist
Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the Dhamma Society in Roman script
since B.E. 2545, and is referred in the new system of Tipiṭaka Reference in this edition as M2500:
7D2.216, the Paragraph Number 484 is used instead of the Book Division Number 216.
 (ix)

Buddha’s words are, therefore, both the embodiment and abode of the Teacher
as they uphold and proclaim the Dhamma and the Vinaya for Him.

Thus, it is most vital to preserve the Buddha’s words, the key to the continuation
of Buddhasāsana. Attempts to preserve them have been made since the Buddha’s lifetime,
while the Teacher was still alive.

Saṅgīti : Preservation of the Buddha’s Words

The procedure is to collect all the words that the Buddha had uttered in the
course of His teaching and divide them into sections for easy recollection. Those who
took part would go over them thoroughly with questions and answers for the purpose of
clarification until they reached full agreement. Participants would then chant the words
together to vouchsafe their acknowledgement and establish the words thus gathered
as the standard of reference to be committed to memory and handed down to future
generations. This method is called Saṅgīti, which literally means “chanting together”.

This manner of Saṅgīti, or chanting together, was set as a precedent in the

Buddha’s lifetime by Venerable Sāriputta, the chief disciple of the Buddha. Before
the Buddha and the gathering of monks, Venerable Sāriputta collected the words of
the Teacher together and arranged them on the basis of the number of items in their
composition into groups of one to groups of ten as they now appear in the Saṅgītisutta.
When the disciple finished his recitation, the Buddha gave an exclamation of approval.

The First Great Tipiṭaka Council of the Buddhist Era, B.E. 1

Later, almost immediately after the Buddha passed into Parinibbāna3, the greatest
and most important Saṅgīti took place4. Seven days after the death of the Teacher,
the Venerable Mahākassapa asked the monks to assemble for a Saṅgīti. When they all
agreed, preparations were made and the First Saṅgīti was held at Rājagaha only three
months after the Passing Away of the Teacher.

3
The Passing Away of the Buddha the year of which the Buddhist Era was first established.
4
Cūḷavagga Vinayapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 Vol. 4, No. 437, M2500: 4V4.437
(x)

The gathering of the Buddha’s words at this great assembly was done in this
manner. The five hundred Arahants who had come in time to attend the last sermon
of the Buddha met together and chose those who could recall accurately the Buddha’s
words in each area. The Venerable Upāli5 was chosen for the Discipline; the Venerable
Ānanda6, for the Teachings. Then those who were well versed in the area would recite the
words of the Teacher to the assembly. The Venerable Mahākassapa, who presided over
the meeting, laid down the rules for presentation by grouping and sequencing questions
to be asked; that is, it was done systematically.

Had the recitation of the Buddha’s words, together with their context, taken
place in the Buddha’s lifetime, He would have endorsed them Himself. However, since
the First Saṅgīti took place after the Teacher had passed away, the burden fell on the
Arahants who had arrived in time to see the Teacher and listen to His final sermon to
ensure their accuracy by means of catechism. When consensus was reached, the assembly
chanted the words together and committed them to memory to be passed on. Thus the
tradition was established.

The First Saṅgīti is the most important as the Teacher’s words that were compiled
and memorized then were to be the standard. What remains to be done is to keep the
collection of the Buddha’s words, the results of the First Saṅgīti, intact in its entirety.
Consequently, since then emphasis has been put on recitation as a means of preserving
the Buddha’s words and the monks who were entrusted with their preservation were
allotted sections to memorize.

This implies that the First Saṅgīti is the only one true to the meaning of Saṅgīti
-- the sense of compiling and chanting together the words of the Buddha. Subsequent
Saṅgītis were only meetings where monks who had committed the Buddha’s words to
memory convened to cross-examine one another to ensure that the collection of the
Teacher’s words from the First Saṅgīti was still intact and free from any interpolation.

5
Cūḷavagga Vinayapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 Vol. 4, No. 439, M2500: 4V4.439
6
Cūḷavagga Vinayapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 Vol. 4, No. 440, M2500: 4V4.440
 (xi)

Saṅgīti and Tipiṭaka : Principles of Theravāda Buddhasāsana

The words of the Buddha and their context preserved through memorization were
arranged and classified into what is called the Tipiṭaka, comprising the Vinayapiṭaka7
(Book of Discipline), the Suttantapiṭaka8 (Book of Sermons), and the Abhidhammapiṭaka9
(Book of the Higher Teaching).

Later on, the preservation of the Buddha’s words meant taking on the burden
of excluding interpolations of extraneous teachings and practices. It, therefore, had
the additional task of maintaining the Buddha’s words as the standard against which
instructions and practices were examined. The term Saṅgīti has thus extended its meaning
to cover the purging of extraneous instructions and practices.

Moreover, after some time, certain people took the extended meaning as central
to the Saṅgīti to the extent that its true meaning fell into oblivion. At present, some
people have gone so far as to mistakenly believe that participants of the Saṅgīti have
assembled to examine the Teachings in the Tipiṭaka regarding right and wrong views or
concepts. This amounts to ruling that the teachings of the Buddha here and there are
right or wrong and to setting about to rectify them, while the real import of Saṅgīti is
to verify that the words of the Teacher have been preserved intact in their entirety. It
is, therefore, imperative in this present age to place emphasis on the true meaning of
the term Saṅgīti so that it can be distinguished from other meanings that have accrued.

The history of Saṅgīti in its true though extended meaning of an assembly to go

over the words of the Buddha and cross-examine them to ensure that they have remained
pure, unaltered and intact can be divided into two periods. In the first, the work was
done orally, known as “mukhapāṭha”; in the second, it was put down in writing, known
as “potthakāropana”.

7
See in this 40-Volume Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 “The World Tipiṭaka Edition” or The
World Tipiṭaka, Volume 1-5 or M2500 Vol. 1-5
8
M2500 Vol. 6-28
9
M2500 Vol. 29-40
(xii)

Mukhapāṭha : First Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, before B.E. 460

This period lasted for about 460 years from the Buddha’s lifetime. The monks
memorized the Teacher’s words through recitation called mukhapāṭha, which simply
means “by word of mouth,” that is, study-memorize-impart orally. This method meant
that preservation was entrusted to individuals. What is good about this is that the
Saṁgha realized how vital it was to preserve the Buddha’s words. They, therefore,
could not afford to be remiss and thus carefully committed the words to memory in
their entirety. To them, preservation of the Buddha’s words was of utmost importance
in upholding Buddhasāsana.

Preservation by mukhapāṭha was carried out through recitation, which could

be classified into four levels:

1. The responsibility fell on the majority of monks who followed along the lines
of teachers of old, called Ācariyaparamparā or Theravaṁsa10, established by
senior monks who were present at the First Saṅgīti. For instance, the Venerable
Upāli, who excelled in the Discipline, had undertaken the task of preserving and
explaining the words of the Buddha in that section and of handing them down.

2. The study of the Buddha’s words was the main activity in the life of a monk,
for it served as a basis for right practices, which led to insight. Specialization,
however, depended on individual dispositions. Therefore, there were groups of
monks who were experts in different sections of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. For example,
some specialized in Dīghanikāya11, the Collection of Long Discourses, as well as
its commentary or Aṭṭhakathā, and were called Dīghabhāṇaka12 or chanters of
Long Discourses. Likewise, there were Majjhimabhāṇaka, chanters of Middle-
length Discourses; Saṁyuttabhāṇaka, chanters of Connected Discourses;
Aṅguttarabhāṇaka, chanters of the Collection of Numerical Sayings; and
Khuddakabhāṇaka, chanters of the Various Collections.

10
Ācariyavaṁsa, Ācariyavāda M2500: 28Mi.132/7
Ācariyaparamparā, Theraparamparā, Vaṁsaparamparā M2500: 1V.A.45
11
See for example Dīghanikāya Suttantapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka, Vol. 6-8, M2500: 6D1, 7D2, 8D3
12
See also the commentary
 (xiii)

3. It was a routine in a temple for each group to meet and recite the Buddha’s
words in unison. (This practice may have given rise to the routine of morning-
evening chanting of today.)

4. It was the practice of a monk as stated in an Aṭṭhakathā or Commentary that

whoever was free from other activities should sit reciting the Buddha’s words.
This meant that reciting the words of the Teacher was part of his religious
practice.

Saṁgha and Tisikkhā : Buddhist Monks and Tipiṭaka Studies

As Buddhist monks lived in a community called Saṁgha, regulated by the

Discipline to proceed along the course of Tisikkhā or threefold learning and practice13,
every one of them fully realized that the Buddha’s words in the Tipiṭaka were the
essence of Buddhasāsana and had to be kept whole and pure. The recitation to preserve
them, the studious atmosphere in imparting and seeking knowledge, and the question
and answer sessions for clarification that would lead to proper practice all ensured that
revision and verification were carried out normally, continuously.

That this method has preserved the Buddha’s words intact in their entirety has
been fully attested. Words on the same topic repeated four or five times under different
headings or sections that were entrusted to different groups of experts are generally
identical in expression. This also proves how accurately monks in the past memorized
the Buddha’s words. Moreover, the number of words each committed to memory was
astronomical. Instances of this can still be found at present. In Myanmar several monks
who have been appointed Tipiṭakadhara, or bearer of the Tipiṭaka, are able to recite
the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka (This totaled to 2,708,706 words in Pāḷi or 20,606,104 letters
in Roman script).

13
Tisso sikkhā— abhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā M2500: 1V1.45 – Three fold learning
and practice namely, learning and practice in higher morality, learning and practice in higher mentality,
learning and practice in higher wisdom.
(xiv)

Potthakāropana : Second Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, after B.E. 460

This refers to the period when all of the Buddha’s words and their context in
the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka were put down in writing; in other words, they were preserved with
external objects. It began about 460 B.E. (83 B.C.), when the Fourth Saṅgīti was held
at Aluvihare in old Sri Lanka.14

The Fourth Saṅgīti took place because of concern over political and environmental
changes at that time. There were misgivings, that they would affect the task of committing
the Buddha’s words to memory and handing them down. It was also foreseen that future
generations would regress in terms of concentration and intelligence. For instance, their
will and faith would be so weakened that they would be unable to preserve the Buddha’s
words by word of mouth. It was, therefore, decided to inscribe the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka on ola
leaves.

In one way, preservation in writing seems to assure stability and permanency;

that is to say, the text would remain as it is until the material used rots away or is
destroyed. However, this method has a weakness. It makes people overconfident, resting
assured that the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is in ola leaves or books. They then become slack in their
attention to the recitation, revision, and study of the text, and perhaps reaching the
point of negligence.

Furthermore, the writing of texts in the old days depended on scribes. Whenever
texts were copied, errors and omissions were bound to occur. Thus, not only letters
may have been omitted from words but whole words or lines may have disappeared.
Sometimes those who were to preserve the text themselves were not skillful in inscription
and so had to have the work done by other scribes. Some of these men might have been
inept in Pāḷi and the Buddha’s words or ignorant of both. If that was the case, chances
of their making mistakes were even greater. Slips of this type were common knowledge
in Thai society in the old days regarding the copying of medicinal formulas. Thus, we
have a common saying: “taking medicine from the third copy means death.”

14
The Mahāvaṁsa, section 33.99
 (xv)

Consequently, when preservation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka relies on outside materials,

not individuals, it is crucial to have a common authoritative volume that has been
carefully written and edited. This volume should be kept at a center somewhere to serve
as the pillar for the Saṁgha and for the country.

It so happens that in an age when the Buddha’s words have been preserved in
writing, Buddhasāsana has flourished and become a national faith of several countries.
Each has established its own copy of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka that is the pillar of the country.
Measures have been taken to assure that the text remains intact and free from impurities.
For example, in this region a Saṅgīti was convened by King Tilakarāja of Lanna15 and
another one was held in the reign of King Buddha Yod Fah the Great16 of the Ratanakosin
period.

Though more than a thousand years have elapsed, comparison of the Pāḷi
Tipiṭaka of Buddhist countries has revealed that they agree on the whole with some
differences in script. Considering the length of the text, the discrepancies are negligible.
This shows that the text has been accurately maintained with full understanding of its
great import.

Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti : The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council

When Buddhasāsana reached the twenty-fifth century of the Buddhist Era,

Theravāda Buddhist countries all prepared grand celebrations. The First International
Saṅgīti was convened in Myanmar from B.E. 2496 to 2500 (C.E. 1952 - 1956). Buddhist
monks and scholars from every country that embraces the Theravāda tradition of
Buddhasāsana and countries where Buddhasāsana is taught assembled in Myanmar to
go over the text of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka prepared by the Burmese together with versions in
different scripts from other countries. This convocation is referred to as Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti,
the Sixth Saṅgīti, and recognized by all Buddhist countries.

15
B.E. 2020 (1477) Present-day Lanna is in Northern Thailand.
16
B.E. 2331 (1788) Founder of Bangkok and the Present Royal House of Chakri.
(xvi)

However, soon after the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti was over, there occurred turmoil and
political changes in Myanmar. This may have been the reason why the preservation
and printing of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti had not proceeded smoothly,
causing confusion between the Burmese version that had been used as a draft and the
resolution version that was the outcome of the Saṅgīti.

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka :The World Edition in Roman Script, B.E. 2545

Now, the M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund under the patronage
of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand17 is about
to publish in Roman script the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, the version that has been
revised and edited by international monks of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition. The
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is thus made accessible to the international community.

With patience, determination and carefully laid-out procedures, there is a report

that the working committee has discovered the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Pāḷi Tipiṭaka that was
printed at different times and has distinguished between the first edition and an edited
version that was printed. Moreover, portions of later printed versions have been noted
for what they truly are. The committee has worked hard to get the version that is most
accurate. This has then been rechecked against the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka written in various
scripts from several countries. It seems that the goal of the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti has finally
been realized.

Furthermore, the committee has made full use of the latest technological advances.
It is able to set out an effcient system of reference, and has a database that can be
used for further studies and research on the Tipiṭaka, such as electronic data storing in
CD-ROM with an easy search program.18

17
See the 20 October B.E. 2542 Benediction by His Holiness the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand for the
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi
Tipiṭaka Edition) published by the Dhamma Society in Roman Script in B.E. 2545 (1st edition), B.E.
2548 (2nd edition)
18
See Preface to the Publication of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka 2500 Edition.
 (xvii)

Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of the task is to keep the Buddha’s words that
have come to us in the form of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka intact, free from interpolations. It
must be true to the collection that came out of the First Saṅgīti. This will enable the
reader to have access to the original words of the Buddha with no interference from the
views of others. Even opinions of Dhammasaṁgāhakācariya, or the compiling teachers
of the Dhamma, if they occurred, are to be marked and distinguished. They are open
for intellectual study to the full.

As it has been pointed out earlier, as long as the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka exists, Buddhasāsana
will remain in its true and original form. Therefore, as long as the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka exists,
people still have an opportunity to learn and benefit from Buddhasāsana.

Tipiṭaka in the Modern World

Although man has made great progress in the past thousands of years in terms
of civilization and reached what is now known as the Age of Globalization, he has not
been able to free himself or overcome suffering, oppression, and even war. Man expects
that ethics arising from various religious beliefs will help solve these problems. However,
most beliefs provide only commandments or orders that man has to observe with faith.
By embracing such a belief man rises above problems within himself and those with
his fellow men and put his faith in the rewards and punishments meted out by a power
believed to be supernatural.

In this respect, Buddhasāsana as embodied in the words of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is

distinctively different. It teaches the morality and ethics of self-development that will
release man of all problems. He will thus attain full freedom, extricating himself from
dictates of external forces.
(xviii)

Man at present has advanced to a stage that can be considered the peak of
civilization. At this point, progress entails problems that bring about suffering on all
sides, ranging from lifestyles to social and environmental issues.

It is evident that civilization at this height has brought man the whole range of
suffering but is unable to lead him out of it.

More and more people are beginning to realize that Buddhasāsana as expressed
in the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is the answer that can rid mankind of all suffering.

At the core of this is the problem of life, which is the most deeply felt. The
suffering in man’s mind, even the most rudimentary such as stress, has become a weighty
problem of mankind today. Buddhasāsana incorporates the teaching that is deemed most
proficient in ridding the ultimate problem of life — mental suffering. It penetrates natural
truth by means of intelligence and eradicates the seed of suffering from the mind. Thus,
the mind is free, clear and untarnished, and suffering will never recur.

Tipiṭaka as Important Source for Wisdom and World Peace

Out of the self and into a wider circle man is faced with social problems. Suffering
comes from erroneous relations, which turn into violence and exploitation of fellow men.
At this level, Buddhasāsana is prominent as a religion that spreads without the use of
swords. Religious wars have never been fought in its name and none of its precepts can
ever be used to justify invasions or wars. Throughout its history Buddhasāsana has
truly advocated peace and loving-kindness to all. Thus sages have acknowledged that it
is the first and truly pacifistic movement of the world. The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is, therefore,
the most important source from which peace-loving people can study principles and
procedures that could secure peace for mankind.
 (xix)

The outermost circle surrounding man and his society is the environment,
especially the ecological system, which is in serious trouble, threatening the survival of
mankind.

Now it is generally accepted that these environmental problems stem from an

erroneous concept, which is at the base of present-day civilization — the belief that
man is separate from nature. Because of this man has a negative attitude towards his
environment. He is intent on gaining power to overcome nature so that he can manipulate
it to his advantage. To solve this problem man needs a new concept to form a new
base.

The Middle Way

On this matter Buddhasāsana teaches the Middle Way19 — to know things as

they really are. Nature is a system of relations between all things including man, which
are components that are interdependent.

Man is a special component in this system as he can be trained and developed.

When man improves himself and acquires admirable qualities, he will be refined physically
and mentally, inclined to render assistance to others and think creatively. Furthermore,
training will develop his intellect, enabling him to gain insight into the system of relations,
which are interdependent, and realize that it must proceed smoothly. When man has
developed these fine attributes, he will know how to live his life and see to it that all
things in nature that are systematically interrelated, proceed in harmony. This is the
way that will lead man to a happy world free from exploitation.

19
Majjhimā paṭipadā
(xx)

In short, Buddhasāsana offers a base for new concepts that will shift the trend
in human development from man as an opponent attempting to overcome nature to a
component assisting in coexistence of all in nature.

When Buddhasāsana is seen as useful in solving this crucial problem, the Tipiṭaka
will be a rich source for research and study to such end.

Tipiṭaka as Dāna : a Gift of Dhamma from Thailand

It is hoped that the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the Buddhist Era 2500 Great
International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma
Society Fund under the patronage of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara the Supreme
Patriarch, in honour of Their Majesties the King and Queen of Thailand, to be presented
as a Gift of Dhamma worldwide, will serve as a bearer of the Buddha’s teachings that
travels great distances. This messenger has the mission to deliver the Teacher’s words,
which are beautiful at the beginning, beautiful in the middle and beautiful at the end20,
as uttered by the Buddha when He directed the first group of disciples to proclaim His
message for the benefit of all mankind.

Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka21

(P. A. Payutto)

October 9, B.E. 2545 (2002)

20
Desetha, bhikkhave, dhammaṁ ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ … M2500: 3V3.32
21
Phra Bhrama Khunabarana
 (xxiii)

C World Tipiṭaka Sajjhāya Phonetic Edition in Various Tai Scripts

with Lahu Garu Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi

1 kalyāṇadhamma
ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ชRoman Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

กัล๎ยาณธัม์มํ ชTai Syām Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

2 ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h

กลยาณธมมํฺ
3 ka lyā ˇṇa dham ma
ชTai Thai Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

กล ฯาณธมฯํฯ ชTai Yuan Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

4 ka lyā ṇa d am ma h

ชTai Lōng Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

5 uvfbKEXrfr>
ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h

dy]pkItTy,,Y ชTai Lao Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

6 ka lyā ṇa d am ma h

d]CkIT,?Y ชTai Kün Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

7 ka lyā ṇa dham ma

ᦂᩃᩣᨱᨵᨾᩴ ชTai Lü Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

8 ka lyā ṇa d am ma h

ชTai Khamti Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

9 uvf,gEXrfrH
ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h

klqÂaöDmqmÈ ชTai Āhom Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

10 ละหุka
คะรุlyā ṇa d am ma
h

ชTai Phāke Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

11 uvf,gEXrfrH
ka lyā ṇa d am ma h

12 ka lyā ṇa d am mah
ชThai Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

13 ka lyā ṇa d am ma h
ดฮม ชTai Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชPāḷi Alphabet ช40 Vols./Digital

14 ka lyā ṇa d am ma h

2 3 2
15 ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ชPāḷi Notation ช250 Vols./Digital

16 ชDigital Tai Pāḷi Sound ชDigital Only

(xxiv)

Example of Lahu and Garu Sound

An excerpt from the Dhammacakkappavattanasutta, the World Tipiṭaka Phonetic Edition 2018,
illustrating the Lahu and Garu Orthographic writing symbols in Thai and Roman
Scripts in accordance with the Tipiṭaka Kaccāyana Pāḷi Grammar and its Commentaries. The
Lahu sound printed in light lettering is a quick-syllable pronunciation. The Garu sound, printed
in bold lettering, is a prolonged-syllable pronunciation.

�!�(
�!�(�� �� �*�%�*�%
��*�-
��*�-
�� ����� �23� C!#;D C!!D C!"#$D C!%D CC!"!0#*D$ C!&D C!"!$#*D$ C-!"$D CB!"$D $
�!�(
�!�(������ �*�%�*�%
���#��&
���#��&
/� /� ��#�� ���� C!E;D C!9D C!&D C!+D C!/D C!@D C!FD C-!D CB!D C!E0DG

� �� ��� �� � � � � �
� � �� � � � ��� �� �� � � � � �
� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � Lahu
Lahu

na mō tas sa bha ga va tō 11  ะ
 aa
5 6 1 1
2 3
1 1 22  ิ

� � � � � � �� �
�� �� �� �� � �� �� � � � � ��
� �� �� � �
� ��
 ii

� � � � � � � � � � �
� � 33  ุ
 uu
��� � ���h� �� ��� ���� ��� � � � ��
bud d a sa ra ṇa gac chā mi 44  า็ -
ā-
 ā-
3 4
55  เ ็-

% �� & %� &+�� &� %

ē-
) �� $� &
�
 ē-
� #� � $�
" " � " " " " "
�
25

� � � � � � �
�
66  โ ็-
ō-
 ō-
ta ṇhā pō nōb bha vi kā
2 6 2
1
1 1

�&
"#
, -# � )$
'
.(
'( &� % &� &� &� � 4( ! "#, 5$'($
67(
& & � ,� &�
�&
�� &� �
"% " " " " " % %
" " " "
!
12

� � � � � � �
!
�#� � �� � �� �$� *0 #ว็1 า] ก h
duk kha sa mu da ya svāk k ā tō
3 4

) &'(
$ 1
0 $,
$2 , -# $3 , ) 4( , 5 67( $&'( ) +
* -# ) .(
1

!, "# / ! "# /
% % % % %! % % % !
8 , ,

*&+% +, -. /) *0#1 ]
[ "#$  ()
sab ba lō ka smi mēt tañ ca
7 5
4 1
2 1
 (xxv)

The Garu [ garu] is a prolonged-syllable pronunciation. The Tipiṭaka Kaccāyana Grammar states that
a long-vowel syllable i.e. a i u should be a prolonged pronunciation see No. 1 - 2
The Commentaries will elaborate further, see No. 3 - 7 . Note Garu from Lahu 1 1 2
and Lahu from Garu. 1 1 5 6 7
5 6
5 6
lahu 1 1 Dīghagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No.5 aññe dīghā , No. 603 : dīgho ca
garu Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [เ ] [ ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi ē []
tō [ ]
Long-vowels syllable - Garu sound

garu 2 Du-mhigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

1 Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ตt • ฻ ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [
ta • tra ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu when followed by cluster sound
Note cluster-sound sign or linkage mark (  ) under cluster syllables

garu 3 Saṁyogagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 28 : paradvebhāvo ṭhāne

Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 29 : vagge ghosāghosānaṁ tatiyapaṭhamā
Tipiṭaka Commentary (Saddanītisuttamālā) Rule No. 10 : saṁyogaparo ca (garu)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ บ๟ด • งํ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ bud • dhaŋ ]
Final consonant - Garu sound

garu 4 Niggahītagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 37 : niggahītañca

Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 7 : niggahītapara ... garu
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ บ๟ด • งํ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ bud • dhaŋ ]
Niggahīta sound (only at nasal cavity) - Garu sound

garu 2 5 Padādigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 1 (Bayatirekanaya/Padantayatigaru)
Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 10, (Saddanīti Padamalā)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [น t • โม]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [
na • mō ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the beginning syllable

garu 3 6 Padantagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 1 Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 10, (Saddanīti Padamalā)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ต๡ • t ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [
tas • sa ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the end of the word

garu 4 7 Pādantagaru Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 2 Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 7 : pādantaparagaru
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ๡บ • บะ • โล • ก t • ม b ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [
sab • ba • lō • ga • s mi ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the end of the sentence (verse)
 (xxvi)

, ถอดเสี ย งเป็ น “สั ท ทะอั ก ขะระไทย-ปาฬิ ” โดย วิ จิ น ตน์ ภาณุ พ งศ์ , ตรวจทานใหม่ โ ดย สมหมาย เปรมจิ ต ต์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐
Pāḷi Sound ith Lahu Garu Phonetic Printing
syām lphabet/Thai Phonetic lphabet and Thai Phonetic lphabet/Roman Phonetic lphabet

syām lphabet Thai Phonetic lphabet

accāyana Pāḷi Grammar
Thai Phonetic lphabet Roman Phonetic lphabet

1
[ ะระหะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 4
[ ะระหะ] [araha] lahumattā tayo rassā

sound
vo el
a
2
มั ล [มง ะละ] • Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 31
[มง ะละ]
• [maŋ gala] • vaggantaṁ vā vagge

3
ั์ [ตส สะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 28
[ตส สะ] • [tas sa] • paradvebhāvo ṭhāne

4
า์ [ ว็ า ส สะ ] nal-consonant sound Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
[ ว็ า ส สะ ] [ vās sa] • aññe dīghā

5
ย์ย [เส็ ย ยะ]
[เส็ ย ยะ] [ sēy ya] •
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
aññe dīghā
6
ก์ [ โป็ ก ขะระ ] •

[ โป็ ก ขะระ ] [ pōk khara] •

7
์ าม [ป จ า มิ] • •
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 29 :
[ป จ า มิ]
• [puc c ā mi] • h • vagge ghosāghosānaṁ tatiyapaṭhamā

8
๎ ม๎ [ บ ระ หมะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 4
[ บ ระ หมะ [ b ra h ma] • lahumattā tayo rassā

9
๎ยั ์ [สะ บ ย ะนะ]
[สะ บ ย ะนะ [sa b yañ jana]
• •
see Chulachomklao of Siam Tipiṭaka 1893

10
ัก๎ย ์ [ สt กยะ ปต ต Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 602
[ สt กยะ ปต ต [ sa k ya put tō]
• • • dumhi garu
cluster sound

สุ ร ธั ช บุ น นาค และคณะโครงการพระไตรปิ ฎ กสากล พ.ศ.

11
ก ๎ [กb หิ] •

[กb หิ] [ ki ñ hi] •

12
๎ [ร ฻ ห ิ ]
•

[ร ฻ ห ิ ] [ ru ḷ฻hi] •
see Chulachomklao of Siam Tipiṭaka 1893

13
ม๎ [ ต ม ห] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 602
[ต ม ห] [tu m hē] • dumhi garu

14
า ๎ ากา [ปา ตวา กา สิ ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
[ปา ตวา กา สิ ] [ pā t vā kā si]
• • • aññe dīghā

ํ, ก,ํ ํ [สง [ กbง [ตง]

sound

Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 30
nasal
pure

15
[สง] [ กbง [ตง] [saŋ [ kiŋ [tuŋ] aṁ b฻yañjane niggahītaṁ
 (xxvii)

การเปล่งเสียง

, ถอดเสี ย งเป็ น “อั ก ขะระ-ปาฬิ ” โดย วิ จิ น ตน์ ภาณุ พ งศ์ , ตรวจทานใหม่ โ ดย สมหมาย เปรมจิ ต ต์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐
kaṇṭhaja jiv฻hāmajjhaṁ oṭṭhaja kaṇṭhatālu kaṇṭhoṭṭha

าน-กรณ์ เพดานอ่อน ท่ามกลางลิน ริม ปาก เพดานอ่อนเพดานแข็ง เพดานอ่อนริม ปาก

อ,อั a Labio
อุ
1

2 อา ā
อิ i อ
3

4 อี ī ริVelar
ม ปาก โอ
อุ u อะ อ
ั อา
5

อู ū
เอ
6

7 เอ e เพดานอ่ อน
อิ
Palatal
8 โอ o

9 ก์ k เพดานแข็ง อี
ข์ kh
10

11 ค์ g
Lahu
[-ะ] [ - ] [ -า] [ -ิ] [-] [ -] [ -]
12 ฆ์ gh ออกเสียงเร็ว [-a] [-a] [-ā ] [-i ] [-u] [- ē ] [- ō ]
ง ṅ
[ -b]
13 Garu
[-t] [ - ] [-า ] [-] [ -] [- ] [ -] [ -]
14 จ์ c ออกเสียงนานขน [-a] [- a] [-ā] [-i ] [- ī ] [-u] [- ] [-ē ] [-ō ]
15 ฉ์ ch
16 ช์ j Phonetic Alphabet Vagga Phonetic Alphabet Avagga
Articulation :

17 ฌ์ jh
Manner of

์
การเปล่งเสีง

พยั ชนะวัคค์ (กักลม) พยั ชนะอวัคค์

Place of Articulation :

18 ñ
Voiceless Voiced Voiced/ Voiced Voice-
Voiceless less
19 ฏ์ ṭ กอง/
20 ์ ṭh เสียงไม่กอง เสียงกอง ไม่กอง เสียงกอง ไม่กอง
21 ฑ์ Un- Aspirated Un- Aspirated Nasalized Unaspirated [usuma]
าน-กรณ์

aspirated aspirated
22 ฒ์ h
23 ณ์ ṇ ไม่พ่นลม พ่นลม ไม่พ่นลม พ่นลม ช่องจมก ไม่พ่นลม เสียดแทรก
Glottis
24 ต์ t
25 ถ์ th ทีเสนเสียง [h]
26 ท์ d Velar
27 ธ์ dh
28 น์ n ทีเพดานอ่อน [k] [kh] [ g] [gh] [ṅ]
Palatal
29 ป์ p
สุ ร ธั ช บุ น นาค และคณะโครงการพระไตรปิ ฎ กสากล พ.ศ.
30 ผ์ ph ทีเพดานแข็ง [c] [ch] [ j] [ jh] [ñ] [ y]
31 พ์ b Post-Alveolar
32 ภ์ bh
33 ม์ m ทีหลังปุมเหงอก [ṭ] [ṭh] [] [ h] [ṇ] [r] [ ḷ]
Dental
34 ย๎ y
35 ร๎ r ที นบน [t] [th] [d] [dh] [n] [ l] [s]
36 ล๎ l Labio-dental
37 ว๎ v
38 ส๎ s ทีริม ปากกับ น [v]
39 ห๎ h Bilabial
40 ฬ๎ ḷ
41 อํ aṁ
ทีริม ปาก [p] [ph] [b] [bh] [m]
42
อิํ iṁ Nasalized
43 อุํ uṁ

ทีช่องจมก [ŋ]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi [tʰ]
( 1 -1.0
1.0)) ( 1 -1.0
1.0)) ปาฬิ
(47) 1
# # [d]
[ ē a a ] • • • •

[dʰ]
[k]
1Sa
-2jjhāya
Sajjhāy aTTepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi [n]
ปาฬิ
[ ā] [ ] [ ]
1 [kʰ]
[ē ] [ ē ] [ u ō] [ ā] [ ē a ā a ] [ ]
ē] [ a ] ā [ a]
• • • • • • • •

[p]
• • • • ] [g]
[ • ē • • a • • ū ē • • ā [ i • • a • ē • [a • i ] [ a • • a • ē • ] [ i • • ē • ] [k] [pʰ]
[gʰ]
[kʰ] [b]
[ṅ]
[a • ō • ] [ ō] [ ē a • • ō] [ ā • • ō] [ • ō] [ ] [ ō] [ ō • • ō] [a • • u • ō] [a • • ā]
[ ] [g] [bʰ]
[c]
[ ō] [ ( 1 ] -[ 1.0
] [ 1.0)) ū ē] [ ā] [ ] [a ]
] [a i ] ] [ [] [ a] [[ ] [ ] [
[gʰ] [m]
a • • ē a • • ā a • • ē • • a • • • • i • • a • ē • • i

ē a ē] [ i
[cʰ]
• • 1 • • 1 • • [ṅ]
• [y]

a ] # a] ] [ ō
# ā ā #
aā
[j]
[ a • • a • ē • ] [ i • • ē • a ō
• •
•
• •
• • • a ē a • ] [ a • ā • ō] [c]
[r]
• • [jʰ]
[cʰ]
[ i • • a • ō] [a • u • • ō] [ ] [ ō]1 [ • ā] [ • a ] [a1 • ā a • • u • ō] [l]
[ñ]
# [ ā ā • • • ā • ] # [j]
[v]
[ṭ]
[ ō] [ ō] [ō ū] [ ō] [ ] [a ā]

[ ] [ ō] [ ō] ][ [a ō] [a
i • ā • • a • a • • • • • u • • • a • • ā • • [jʰ]
( 1 -1) ( 1 -1)

ō u]
[s]
# # [ṭʰ]
• • [ • ā • • a • ] • • • [ñ] •
[ ē • • u • ā • a ] [ u • ō] [ • ā] [ ō] [ • a ō a • ] [ • ē • • a ] [ • ā • • a [ • a ] [h]
[ḍ]
[ṭ]
( 1 -1) ( 1 -1) [ḷ]
[ḍʰ]
[a • • ā • • 1 -i1 ] [ • a ] [ #ē [ • • • u • • āa •
] [a • • a
•
]] [ i •
# •
ā] [a • • a • ā] [ • ē • ē • ] [ ō] [ṭʰ]
[ŋ̊]
[ • ō] [ a ] [ • • ō] [ • ō] [ a • ā a • • u • a • ] [ḍ] [ṇ]

] [ ūē ē]a [ ā a ā] ] [[ ]
[ḍʰ]

]a
1 -1 [t]

• a• ā • lah• - Quick Syllable

lahu
u •
•
[ • ō] [ a -] [ [aa]
• •
( 1 -[a-]
1.0
1.0))
• • ō]
•ā]
[ā
[ [ii]
• ō]
-
[a •

u]
[u
( 1 -1.0
ā a

1.0))[ū]
•

i- • u
• [ēaē-]
• • ] [ōō-•] - • ē1
[ṇ] • [tʰ]
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊] [t]
# # [d]
[ ē a • • • a • ]
[tʰ]
[dʰ]
( 1 -1.0
1.0)) ( 1 -1.0
1.0))
# # [d]
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāya
1 -2 a T
Tepiṭak [ ēEdition
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka a in Pāḷi ]
a Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi • • • •
[n]
[ē ] [ ē ] [ u ō] [ ā] [ ē a ā a ] [ ] ปาฬิ 1

] [ ] [ ] [ē ] [
• • • • • • • • [dʰ]

a a ][ ō a ]a a ā ō
[p]

] [a ] [ ] [
1 -2
• • • • • •[n] •

i a a ē i
[ • ē • • a • • [ ]] [[ ūē ē •
• •
• ēā ]
• [ i u • •
• ōa] • [ ē • •
] ][ [ ā a ē ai •• ] ā[• • a
a ] [ • • a • ē ] [
• i • • ē • ] [k][pʰ]
• • • • • [p] •
[b]
[kʰ]
[a [ • ōē
•
•
•
] [ ō] a[ •
ē a ūō]ē]
•
•
•
•
•
[[ ā •
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ō ē
•
ō] a [ ēa ] [ ui ō] [ a
• ē ] •
•
•
•
• • •
• •
•
•
• •
• • ā]
[pʰ]

[ ] [b] [g][bʰ]

[ a[a ō ] [ ō] [
ō] [ ē a ō]
][ [ā ]ō] [ [ ō] [ ] [ ō] [ ō
ū ē] [
ō] [ a
ā] [ i
u ō] [ a
] ā[] a ] [bʰ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

ē a ā a ē a a ē i [gʰ][m]

[ ] [a ō] ][
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•
[
[
a
a
a •

a
• ō]
ē
[ ē a
] [
• •

i
ā a • ] [
ē
•
] [ a ] [ ō] [
] [ ā a]• ē• • • a •

[
• ū ē]
• •

a u[ ] a [ ō
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• [
a
i •

ē a
• a •

] [
ē •

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ā
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ō]
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] [ ō] [ ō]] [ [a ō] [a
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

[c][r]

ō u
[y]
[ a a ē ] [ i
• ] ][ a•[ ]ō] [ [ō] [ē ] [ a ] [ō
a a ] [ē a
•] [ a ā ō]
] [a • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

[ i • • a • ō] [a • u • • ō] [ • ā • a • ā a • • u • ō] [r] [cʰ][l]
1 1
[ i • • a • ō] [a • u • • ō] [ ] [ ō#] [ [ āā] ā[ •
• •
• a
•
]ā [ a] •
•
#ā a • • u • ō] [l]
[j][v]
[ i • ā • • a • a • ō] [ • ō] [ō • • ū] [ u • • • ō] [ • a • • ā • ] [a • ā]

ō] [ ] [a ā]
[v]
[jʰ][s]

u a[ ] ā
[ i • ā • • a • a • ō] [ • ō] [ō • • ū] [ • u • • ō] [ • a • • ā • ] [a • ā]
• [s]
[• ē • • u • ā • a ] [ u • ō] [ • • ā] ō [ •
•
a ] [ō • a ]• [ • ē •
• • a ] [ • ā • • a ] [ • • a ] [ñ][h]
[ ē u ā a ] [ u ō] [ ā] [ ō] [ a ] [ō a ] [ ē a ] [ ā a ] [ a ] [h]

ū ē] [ ā] [
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

[ṭ][ḷ]

i a ē
[a • • ā • • i ] [ • a ] ([ 1 -1)ē • • • ] [ u • a ] [ • a •
( 1i -1) ā] • [a • • a • ā] [ • ē • ē • ] [ ō][ḷ]
• • [a • ] [ ] [ #ē • ] [ ] [] i ā]
# [a • ā] [ •ē ] [ ō] • [ṭʰ][ŋ̊] •
• • ā • • i • a • •
[ u a
•
ā aa •
•
• •
•
•
• • • • a • • • ē •

[ŋ̊]
[ḍ]

a ] [ō • lah
lahuu - Quick Syllable
lah
lahu
1 -1
u - Quick Syllable
[
garu - Prolonged Syllable ō]
• a
garu - Prolonged Syllable
] [ • [a
ē[a-]] - [
•

[a-]
-• [aa]
[a]
[aa] • [āā]
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[a] ō[ā]
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] [ [i]
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[ē]
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]
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a
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1
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1
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[t]

[ • a • ] ฎกสากล
a พระไตรปิ [ ōบับสัช ายะ ( 1 -1.0
1.0))
• •
อักขะระ-ปาฬิ ค่ข(นาน • a
1.0))สัททะอักขะระโรมัน-ปาฬิ
1 -1.0 ] [ē a ] [ a •
[tʰ]
ā •
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 [k]


   [kʰ]

[]  [g]

 [gʰ]

 [ṅ]

 [c]



 
  [cʰ]
1 1
# [ā ā  ā ] • • • • #  [j]

 [jʰ]

 [ñ]

 [ṭ]
( 1 -1)


 ( 1 -1)
# [ ā  a ] • • • •
#  [ṭʰ]

 [ḍ]

 [ḍʰ]
1 -1 
 


 


 

[ ō] [a ] [ ō] [ ō] [a ā a u a ]
• • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 [t]

 [tʰ]
( 1 -1.0
1.0))


 ( 1 -1.0
1.0))
# [ē a  a ]
• • • •
#  [d]

 [dʰ]

1 -2 
 


  

 

 
  [n]
[ē ] [ ē ] [u ō] [ ā] [ē a ā a] []
• • • • • • • •

 [p]



 

   
    
 
   


[ ē  a  ū ē] [ ā] [i  a ē ] [a i] [a  a ē ] [i  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •  [pʰ]


    

 
  

 
 
  [b]
[a ō ] [ō] [ē a ō] [ā  ō] [ ō] [] [ō] [ō  ō] [a  u ō] [a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [bʰ]
 
 

 
 


 

   
  
[a  ō] [ē a ā a] [] [ ē  a  ū ē] [ ā] [i  a ē ] [a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •  [m]

 

   

   
  

 
 
  [y]
[a  a ē ] [i  ē ] [a]
• • • • • • • [ō] [] [ a a] [ō  a] [ē a] [a ā ō] • • • • • • •

 [r]
  
   

 

 

[i  a ō] [a u  ō] [] [ō]
• • • • • • [ ā] [ a] [a ā a u ō]
• • • • • •  [l]



  
 
 

 

 



   [v]
[i ā  a a ō] [ ō] [ō  ū] [ u  ō] [ a  ā ] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [s]




  


   
 


 


 

[ē  u ā a] [u ō] [ ā] [ō] [ a] [ō a] [ ē  a] [ ā  a] [ a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[h]




  
 



 
 
  
 


   [ḷ]
[a  ā  i] [ a] [ ē  u a] [ a] [ i ā] [a  a ā] [ ē ē ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
1
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 

 

 

 




  


[a a] [ē ē ] [ā  a ā a] [a ē a ā a] [ ō ā  a ā a] [ a] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 
 


 
  

 



[ē  u a] [ u a] [ a] [ ā ē ] [ā ] [ō] [] [ ā ū ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 

[ a] [a  a] [ō  ]
• • • • •

1 -3 

    
 

 



[] [ō] [ē a ō] [ā  ō] [ē ] [ ā] [ē  a ] • • • • • • • • •



 


   
 

 
 

 
[ a  i ā] [ ā] [a i] [a ō ] [a ō   a] [ a] [ā   a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  

    
[  ā ē ā] [ē  a a] [  ] [ē  a a] [ i ō] [ō] [ē a ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 



  
  

  
 

 
[ a a] [ē  ō ] [ a] [ē a] [ō] [ō ] [] [ ō] [ō  ō] [ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 

 
  
 


   
 
[i ē] [u ē] [ a  ē] [a  ē] [ ō  u a ē] [ ā ē ] [ā] [a u ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
 
  

 

     


[ā  ē ] [ā] [ a ē  ] [ a] [ō] [ō ] [ ē ] [] [] [ a] [ō  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


 

 
  
 


 
[ā  ē] [i ē] [u ē] [ a  ē] [a  ē] [ ō  u a ē] [ ā ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  

  
 
      
 


[a u ē ] [ā] [ā  ē ] [ā] [ a ē ] [ a] [ō] [ō ] [] [a a  ē ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -4 
   
   


 
 


 

[ā a] [a] [ā ] [a ā ] [ ē  ē] [ō ē] [ ā  ē] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •





 

 




 

 

 
[a  ā  ā] [ ā ] [ ē  u ā ] [ a] [ ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


   
 
  

  

[a u  a] [ā] [ā  ē ] [ā] [ a  a] [a ] [ā ] [ ā  ō] [ ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

   
  

[ā] [a u  ] [ā] [ā  ē ] [ā] [ a  ] [u ā ] [a ] [  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -5 


 
 


   
 

 

[ ū ō] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 


  


 
 


 

 


  
[a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ ū ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [ē] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

 

 


 

  



[ā ] [ū  ā] [a  ā] [a  ā] [ ā] [ a  ā] [ē] [ ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 


 



 

 


 

[  ā] [u i  ū ā] [ā ā a  ā] [ ā a  ā] [ā  i] [ u ā  a ā] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
  


  


 

[ō] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 


      
 


[ ū ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ] [ ē  ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -6 
 
 


   
 

 

[i ō ō] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
2
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 


  


 
 
 

 


  
[a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [i ō ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [ē] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


 

 

 

 


 

   [kʰ]
[ā ] [ū  ō ā] [a  ō ā] [a  ō ā] [ ō ā] [ a  ō ā] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]



 
 
 


 



 


[ ā  a ] [  ā] [u i  ū ā] [ā ā a  ā] [ ā a  ā] [ā  i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]




 
  
 

 
  


   [ṅ]
[ u ā  a ā] [ a] [ō] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]



 
 
 

 


      

[ ā ō] [  ] [i ō ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



  [j]
[ ē  ]
• • •

 [jʰ]
1 -7 


 
 


   
 


[ ā ō] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


  


  


 
 


 

 


  [ṭ]
[ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ ā ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 
 
 

 


 


 [ḍ]
[ a ] [ā ] [ a] [ ā ] [ā  u  a ] [  u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 



 


 


 
 
  [ḍʰ]

[ ō u  a ] [ ē  ā a] [ā  ā a] [ ā a] [a ā a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


 
  
 

 
  


  



 [t]
[ ā ] [ a] [ō] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 

 


      
 

  [tʰ]

[  ] [ ā ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ] [ ē  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -8 


 
 


   
 

  [dʰ]
[u ē  ā ō] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


  


  


 
 


 

 


  [n]

[ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [u ē  ā ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]


 
 
 

 
 
 
 



  [pʰ]
[ a ] [ā ] [u ē a] [ ā ] [ā a ] [ō a ] [ō a ] [ ē  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 
 
 

 
  
 

  [b]

[ā  ā a] [ ā a] [a ā a] [u ē a] [ ā ] [ a] [ō] [ā ] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

  


  


 
 


 

 


  [m]
[ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [u ē  ā ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
     
 


[ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ] [ ē  ] • • • • •
 [r]
1 -9 
 
 


   
 

 
  [l]
[ē u ] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
 


  


 
 
 

 


 


[a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ē u ] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]


 
 



 


 



  [h]
[ā ] [ u ā ] [ā  u  ē ] [  u  ē ] [ ō u  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]




 


 


 
   
 
 

[ ē  ā a] [ā  ā a] [ ā a] [a ā a] [ ā a  ā] [ u ā ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
3
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
 

 
  


  


 
 

[ō] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ē u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


      
 


[ ō] [ō  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ] [ ē  ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -10 

 
 


   
 

 

[ē  ō] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 


  


 
 

 

 


 


[a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ē  ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  

 
 
 
 




[ā ] [ ā ] [a a] [ē ē ] [ā a ] [ō a ] [ō a ] [ ē  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 
 

  

 
  

[ā  ā a] [ ā a] [a ā a] [ ā ] [a a] [ē ē ] [ a] [ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  


  


 
 

 


[ ā ō] [ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ē  ō] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




      
 


[ō  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ] [ ē  ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -11  

 
 


   
 

 

[ a ] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 


  


 
  
 

 


 



[a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ a ] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

  

 


 


[ā ] [ā  ē] [ ē] [a ē] [ ā ] [ā  u  a] [  u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   
 

 

 

  

[ ō u  a] [a ] [ō] [ā ] [  ā] [ā  ā] [ ā] [a ā] [  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 



 

 


 


[u i  ū ā] [ā ā a  ā] [ ā a  ā] [ā  i] [ u ā  a ā] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 


  
 

 

 

 
[ a  ] [ ā ] [ ā  a ] [ō] [ā ] [  ā] [ā  ā] [ ā] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 


 



 

 


 

[  ā] [u i  ū ā] [ā ā a  ā] [ ā a  ā] [ā  i] [ u ā  a ā] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
  


  


 
  

[ō] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


      
 


[ ō] [ō  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ] [ ē  ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -12 

 
 


   
 

 

[ a ō] [ a] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ē ] [ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 


  


 
 

 

 


  
[a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ a ō] [ ō] [ō  ō ] [a ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 
 

  
 

[ā ] [ā  i] [a   ā] [ a  ā  i a ] [  ā] [u i  ū ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 



 

 


 

 


 


[ā ā a  ā] [ ā a  ā] [ā  i] [ u ā  a ā] [ a] [ a ō ] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
 

 
 

  

[ ā  a ] [ō] [ā ] [ā  i] [a   ā] [ a  ā  i a ] [  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
4
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 


 



 

 


 
 
[u i  ū ā] [ā ā a  ā] [ ā a  ā] [ā  i] [ u ā  a ā] [ a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


 

 
  


  


 
 

  [kʰ]
[ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ] [a] [ ā ē ] [a ā] [ ā ō] [  ] [ a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


 


        


[ ō] [ō  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a] [a] [a ā ] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

1 -13  

 
  
   

   [ṅ]
[  ā ] [ā ] [u  ā] [a ā ] [a ] [ā] [] [ā] • • • • • • • • •

 [c]


  
   


  


 
[ā ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  ā] [a ā] [ ā ] [a ā] [ ē  ā ] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]




     


 



 




  [j]
[ ā  ā ] [ō] [] [ō] [ē a] [u  a ā  ā a] [ a] [ā  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
 


  

 


   
  
[ā] [ u  ē ] [ā] [a  ō a] [ ā ē ā] [  ā] [ i i  ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 

    
 
   

 

    [ṭ]
[ ] [  ō] [ ō] [ā] [ i ō] [ā ] [ ō i ] [ō] [ō ] [  ō] [ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]

  
 


  
 
 



 


 [ḍ]
[ē a] [ ō] [ō  ] [ē  ē ] [ō] [ a] [ā ] [ i ā  ā ] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 


 


 


 

 
 

  [ḍʰ]

[a  ū ā ] [ ō a ā ] [ i a  ō a] [ ā ē ā] [ē ō ] [ō ē] [ u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


  
  
   

 [t]
[a ā a ō i] [ a u ō] [ā a] [ā ] [ ō] [ ō] [ō a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -14 
  
  
  

 
  [tʰ]

[ā a a] [ō] [] [ē] [ā ] [  a] [ ō ] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
  
 
   
 

 

  
  [dʰ]
[ a  ā] [] [ a u ā] [a a ō] [ā ō] [ ā a ō] [ ā  a] [i a] [ē a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    
 
 

  


 
 
  [n]

[ō] [ō] [ a] [ā ] [ i ē ] [ā ē ] [ i ] [ ē ] [a ē ] [ a a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]


 

  

 
 
 
  [pʰ]
[ ā a] [ ē  a] [  a] [ a] [ā a] [ a a ] [ ā i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

  


 

 


 
  [b]

[ a  ā ā a] [ū  ā] [a a a] [a  ā  a] [ē  ō] [ē ō  ā a] [ a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 

     
  
 
     [m]
[ ā a] [ ā  a] [  a] [ a] [ā a] [ a a ] [ ā i] [  ā] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

 
  
 
  
  


[ ā ā] [   ō] [] [ ā i] [ ō] [] [a  ā ō] [ a ] [ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




    
 
 
 

 
  [l]
[ a ē ē i] [a] [a] [ ā] [ā i a ] [   ō] [ ā] [ ā  ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

  
 
   
   
 

[ā a] [ a a ] [ ā i] [ a ] [] [ ā ā] [u a ] [] [ ā ā] [u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]







 
 


 


   [h]
[ō  a  ō  a ā a] [a a  ā] [ u  a] [  ā  ā  u i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

 
  
 

[ u a] [ā a] [ a a ] [ ā i]
• • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
5
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -15   

   


 


[ō] [ē a] [ ā  ē] [i ē] [ u ē] [ ō ā ē] [ a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
         





[ ū a  ē ē] [ ū ē] [a  ē] [ ē] [ā  a a ē] [u ē  ā ā u  ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

   

 

 

 
 

[i a] [ i ā ē i] [ō] [ ē  a] [u ē  ā a] [ u  ā ] [  a] [ē a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
      
 
    
   
 
[ā i] [ē ] [ā  ō] [i ō ] [ā  ō] [ a ō ] [ā  ō] [a ] [ā  ō] [] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
   
    

[ a ] [ā  ō] [i a ] [ā  ō] [a ā  a ] [ā  ō] [a ā a ] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
 

 
  
  
 

[ā  a ] [ā  a a ] [ā  a a ] [ ē ē ] [a a  a ē] [ ē ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
  
 
 
 

 

[ a  a ē] [ ē ē ] [a a  a  a ē] [ u ā i] [ē a ā ō] [ē a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 



 



 



  
 
[ē a a ō] [ē  ā ā ō] [ē a  u a  a ē ] [ē  ā  a ō] [ō] [ ō] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

 

 
 
 




[ u ] [ ā i] [a ā ā i] [ē a ā ō] [ē a  ō] [ē a a ō] [ē  ā ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 



  
   
   
[ē a  u a  a ē ] [ē  ā  a ō] [ō] [ ō] [ ō] [ ū  a ō ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 


 

 


 
   

[ā ā a] [ u ē a] [ ē  a] [u ē  ā a] [ u  ā ] [ a] [ō] [ē] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 

  

       

[a  ā] [ ē] [ā ē] [ ā] [i ā] [ ā] [ i ā] [ ā] [i ā] [u a ā] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    
 
  
    
  

[ ō] [ā ō ō] [u a ō] [ ā] [a] [a  a a ] [ā ā  ō] [ a a ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
  

   

 



[ a] [ō] [ē] [ā ] [ ā  i  ā] [ ō ] [u  a ā  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





[a  ō a ā]
• • • •

1 -16   

   


 


[ō] [ē a] [ ā  ē] [i ē] [ u ē] [ ō ā ē] [ a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
    
  
  

[ ū a  ē ē] [ ū ē] [a  ē] [ ē] [ā  a a ē] [a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






  


  
   

[ ū  ā  ā ā ] [i a] [ i ā ē i] [ō] [i ē ] [a  ā] [ u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






  
 


 
 
  
  
[ i a  ā  ē ] [a ē] [a ā ] [ ā ē] [ a  ā ē] [ ē] [  ē] [ a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 


  


  

 
[u a ē] [ ē] [u  ē] [ ā a ū  ē] [a ē] [ ā ā ] [ ē] [] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


 


 


 


 




[a ā] [ā  u  ē ] [ a ā  ā] [  u  ē ] [ a ā  ā] [ ō u  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 


 
 




 
[ a ā  ā] [ ā a] [ ā  ā] [i ā i  ā] [i ā i  a  ā ā ā] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
6
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 
 
 

 

 
 
 
  
 
[ā a ] [ē ā] [ a] [ ā] [ ā a] [u  i] [ ā a] [ a] [ a ā] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

 
    


 


 


 


  [kʰ]
[ā] [] [ ō] [a ā] [ā  ē ] [ a ā  ā] [   ē ] [ a ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]




 


 

 



 

[ ō  ē ] [ a ā  ā] [ ā a] [ ā  ā] [a ā i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]






  
 
 
 

 
  
  [ṅ]
[a ā i  a  ā ā ā] [ē] [ā a ] [ē ā] [ a] [ ā] [ i] [a a] [ō a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

[c]
 
   
   
 




   

[ a ā ] [] [i ē ] [a  ā] [ u ē ] [ i a  ā  ē ] [a ē] [a ā ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[cʰ]




  
 
  
    
 
  [j]
[ ā ē] [ a  ā ē] [ ē] [  ē] [ a ē] [u a ē] [ ē] [u  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]



  


 
   
   

[ ā a ū  ē] [a ē] [ ā ā ] [ a] [ō] [ē] [ā ] [a  ā] [a  ē] [ā ē] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ñ]

  

       
     
  [ṭ]
[ ā] [i ā] [ ā] [ i ā] [ ā] [i ā] [u a ā] [ ō] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • [ā ō ō] [u a ō]
• • • •
 [ṭʰ]

       
  
     

 [ḍ]
[ ā] [a] [a  a a ] [ā ā  ō] [ a a ] [ ō] [ a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • [ē] [ā ] •


   

 


 


  [ḍʰ]

[ ā  i  ā] [ ō ] [u  a ā  a ē ] [a  ō a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -17   

   


 


 [t]
[ō] [ē a] [ ā  ē] [i ē] [ u ē] [ ō ā ē] [ a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
    
  
  


 



  [tʰ]

[ ū a  ē ē] [ ū ē] [a  ē] [ ē] [ā  a a ē] [ā  ā a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
 


    

  
 
  [dʰ]
[i a] [ i ā ē i] [ō] [ a] [u a ] [ ā ū a] [a a ā i] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 

  
 
 


 

   [n]

[u  ō ] [ ā ū a] [a a ā i] [ a] [u  ō ō ] [ ā ū a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 
 



 


 

  
   [pʰ]
[a a ā i] [ a] [u  ō  ā  ] [ ā ] [ ā ū a] [a a ā i] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

  
 
 





 

  
  [b]

[ā  ā ] [ ā ū a] [a a ā i] [ a] [ā  ō ] [ ā ū a] [a a ā i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

  



 

    
  




 


  [m]
[ a] [ā  ō ō ] [ ā ū a] [a a ā i] [ a] [ā  ō  ā  ] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


         
       
 
 
[ ā ū a] [a a ā i] [a ] [ē] [ē a] [ā  ō] [ē a] [a  ō] [ā ā  ā ] [i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

 
  
   

  
   [l]
[ u i ] [ ā  ā ] [i a] [ u i ] [ i ā  ā ] [i a] [ u i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

 
 
 

   
  
 

[ u a i] [ u ] [ā a] [ ō ] [ ā] [ā ] [ a] [ a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



  

 

 
 
   
   [h]
[  a] [ā  a] [i a ā ā ] [a a ā i] [ a] [ō] [ē] [ā ] [a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
  
 
  
     
  
 

[a  ē] [ā ē] [ ā] [i ā] [ ā] [ i ā] [ ā] [i ā] [u a ā] [ ō] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
7
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

   

 
  
    
  
 
 
[ā ō ō] [u a ō] [ ā] [a] [a  a a ] [ā ā  ō] [ a a ] [ ō] [ a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

   

 


 



[ē] [ā ] [ ā  i  ā] [ ō ] [u  a ā  a ē ] [a  ō a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -18 
  
  

 



  

[ē a] [u ē] [ē a ō] [ā  ō] [ a a] [ē  ō ] [ ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 

 
   


 
   



[ō  ō] [ ō]
• • • [ a] [ō  ō] [ i a a] [ō] [ō ] [ i a a] [ō] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 
  


    
  

[  ā ] [ō]
• • • [ō ] [i u  a] [ā] [u u  ] [ i a a] [ā] [  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 

    
  
  
[ū a ] [ā] [a a] [ā i  ] [a  ā ē] [ā] [ē  a ō a] [ā  ] [a  a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  


 
 


 





  


[ū ā ] [a a  ] [ē  ē a] [ō ā] [ō  ē ] [ ē  ā ē ] [a ō] [ ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 

 
     


[ē ā a] [ a a] [ō  a] [ a] [a ā ] [a a ] [i  a a ] [ ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 

 
 

 

 
 


  
[a] [ a] [ō  ō] [ā ē ] [a  a ē] [ā  ē a] [ a] [ a] [ ā ē ] [] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

 

     

 


 


[ a] [ō  ō] [ē a ā a] [a ā ā a] [a i] [i  a ē ā ] [ ā ē ] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

    


 


  



[u  ā ē ] [] [ō] [ē a ō] [ā  ō] [ ō] [ ā  a] [ i ā] [u ā ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 
    
 
[ a a] [ ā ē ā] [ a  a] [a ā] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -19 
   
 

 
   
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē a ā] [u i ā] [ō ] [  ā]
• • • • • • • • • •


 


     
  
 

 
   

[ē a  ā] [ ā ā u ā] [] [ ā] [u ē ] [a  ē ] [ā ē u] [ē ] [ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 



    
 
 


 
 


[ ē ] [u  ā  ā] [a  ā  ā] [a  a ē ] [a  ē ] [ē a a] [a ā ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 


     
 

  
 

[ ā] [ ] [ē ] [a  a  ā ] [i ū a] [a  a  a] [a a a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  


 

  




 
  
  

[i ū] [u a  a] [ ā ē ā] [a    ā ā ] [ē a a] [i ā ] [ i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 



 


  
   
   

 


[i a] [ ā ā] [a  a  ā ] [i ā ] [ i ā] [a  a  a] [ā ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
 
  

 


[ā  i ā] [ u  ē] [ ē ā]
• • • • • • • • [ ē ā] [ u a ] [ā a ā] [ ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • •

 

 
   


 


   
 
 

[a  a] [ ā a] [ i ā]
• • • • [ ō] [ ā ē ] [a] [ ā]• • • • • • • [ u ] • •

1 -20 
  
 

  
 


 
[a ō ] [ō] [ ā] [ u  a a] [ā a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • [ ā  ā] [u a ]
• • • • •

 
   
   
   
[ā a ā ] [] [u a ] [ā a] [ i ā] [u a ] [ā a] [ i ā] [] [u a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
8
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 


   
 

 


[a  a  a] [ ā  ā] [u a ] [ō] [ a  a  a] [ a  a  ē] [ē  ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]





  


  

   
    [kʰ]
[ ā  ā a] [ ] [ā ā ē ] [u ā] [ a ō] [i ū] [ u a ] [a a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


 


  

  
 


[ē  ā ] [ā  ā a] [ā] [i ā  a] [a   ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

1 -21 

  
 

 
 

      [ṅ]
[] [ō] [ ā] [ā a a a] [ā a a] [ā a ē ] [i] [] [ō] [ō] • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

 


 

  

 
 


 

 



[ā a ] [ u  a ō ] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [ā a ō] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


 
 
  
 
    

  [j]
[ā ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u ē ] [ā a ] [a  ē ] [ a] [a  ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]



 


[ā  a ō  a] [ a i   ]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

1 -22 

  
 


 
 

 


  [ṭ]
[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ā  a ā ō] [ē ] [ ā] [ē  a ] • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 

 


 

  

  
 [ḍ]
[ a  i ā] [ a a] [ ā ē ā] [ē  a a] [  ] [ē  a a] [ i ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 

 



 


  
    [ḍʰ]
[ā a ā] [ ā  a ā ō] [ a a] [ē  ō ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē a ā] [u i ā]  [ṇ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 


     
  
 

 
 [t]
[  ā] [ē a  ā] [ ā ā u ā] [] [ ā] [u ē ] [a  ē ] [ā ē u] [ i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 



 
    
  

  

  [tʰ]

[a ē] [ ā  ā] [  a] [a a a] [  ā ] [u  u] [   a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]



 

  

 
    


  [dʰ]
[ē  a ā a] [ā ā a] [a ē] [ i] [ a  a] [i ū] [a  ō a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   

  
 

 
    [n]

[ u i a  ] [ē] [] [ē] [ a ā ] [ i  ā] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • [ē] [ a] •
 [p]

 

  
  

  
 



   [pʰ]
[ i   ] [ē ā a] [a ē] [ā i] [ i  i ā ] [  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ ā  ] [ē] • • •



 
    
 

 
 

  [b]

[ i  ā] [ā ā] [ē] [a ] [a ā  ā ] [ē ē ] [a ē ] [ i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 
 
    

 

 
   [m]
[ a  ā  ] [ a] [ a ā ] [ā] [ē] [u ] [ i] [ a ē u] [ a ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   [y]
 
 
      

  
[a ā] [  u ] [ā ] [a ē] [a ō] [i  a ō] [u  u] [i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]


 
 
        

  [l]
[a  ā ] [ a] [ a ā ] [ā] [ē] [u ] [a a ] [i  a a ] [u  u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
 
  


[i ā ] [ a ]
• • • •
 [s]

1 -23 

  
 
 


 
 
  [h]
[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ā  u a ] [ ō  a ] [ a  a ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]


 
 

 



  
 



[ē  ō] [ a ō] [ ā ] [ ē ā a] [ō] [u ā a] [ a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
9
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


   

 



 
 



[ a] [] [ a  a] [ ō ] [ ē ā a] [u ā a] [ a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  


[ a] [ a  a] [ ō  ] • • • • • • •

1 -24 

  
 
 



 

 
[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ā  u ō] [ā  a] [ a ā ā] [u  ō] • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 


 

 

 


 


[ē ] [ ā] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ a a] [ ā ē ā] [ē  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

   
 
 

 



 
[  ] [ē  a a] [ i ō] [ō] [ā a ā] [ā  u ō] [ a a] [ē  ō ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  


 
 
 

 
 


[a a] [a ē] [ ō  a ] [ a  a ] [ē a] [ē  ō] [ a ō] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  
 


 
   


[ ē ā a] [ō] [u ā a] [ a ā a] [ a] [] [ a  a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 


 
  

 




[ ē ā a] [u ā a] [ a ā a] [ a] [ a  a] [ ō  ] [ ē ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 


 
   


[] [ō] [a ē] [u ā a] [ a ā a] [ a] [] [ a  a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 


 
  


[ ē ā a] [u ā a] [ a ā a] [ a] [ a  a] [ ō  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -25 


     


    



[ ō] [] [ā  u ] [ a i ] [ ō] [] [ i ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
   

 


  

[] [  u ] [ a] [] [ a  a] [ ō ] [ ō] [] [ā  u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


  


 

  
   

[ a a ] [ ō] [] [ō ā  a ] [ ō] [] [a  a ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


[ a  a] [ ō  ]
• • • • • •

1 -26     
  
 
 
   

[ō] [] [ō] [a ē] [ē ] [ō] [a  ō] [ē ] [ ō] [] [ a i ] • • • • • • • • •




    


  
  
   


[ ō] [] [ i ] [ ō] [] [  u ] [ a] [] [ a  a] [ ō  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



     

   

  
 

[ ā] [] [ā  u ] [ a ] [ ā] [] [ ] [ ā] [] [  ū] [ ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 

  

 
 
 

 
[ ē u] [ā  ā a] [i ā ē ] [a a] [ē ē u] [a  a ] [ē a] [ ō ] [u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


 
 
 
 

  
 

[ a] [ ā  a] [ā ā] [ ā a] [ u  a] [ā  a] [a  a a] [ē a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 


 

 
 
 
 

[ a a a] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [ u i a] [ā   a] [ē a] [u ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 



 

 


 



  
[ a ā a] [a  ā ē ] [u ā  u ā a] [ā  ā a] [a  ā ē ] [ē] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 


 

 

 

  
  
[a  ā] [ā  ā] [ā ā ā ā] [ā ā  ā] [ā ā a ā] [ā ā  ā] [a  ā] [ē] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
10
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


  
   



  
 
 



[ a] [i a ē ] [a  ā ē u] [  ā ] [ā  u ] [ā ā u ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



  
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
  [kʰ]
[ ē] [i i ā ] [u ē ] [ a  ā ] [ā ] [ā ō] [] [] [i a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
    
   
 


  
 

[a] [i ] [ē ] [ ā] [a] [u ē ] [ a  a ā] [ē  ē ] [ō] [ā  u ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


 


 



 

 


  [ṅ]
[u ā a] [ a ā a] [a  ā ē ] [u ā  u ā a] [ā  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]




     

 


 

 


[a  ā ē ] [ē] [ē] [a  ā] [ā  ā] [ā ā ā ā] [ā ā  ā] [ā ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



  
   
  
   



  [j]
[ā ā  ā] [a  ā] [ē] [a] [ a] [i a ē ] [a  ā ē u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -27 

   
 

 

 

 

[ ā  ō] [] [ē] [ a ō] [ ē u] [ā  ē] [ē  ā] [ē ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


 

  
 
 
 

 

 
  [ṭ]
[ i ] [ō  u] [ū  u a] [ā  u ] [  ū] [ ā] [ a] [a ā a u ō] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ṭʰ]



  

 

 
    

 
 

 [ḍ]
[a  a i] [i  ē] [ a ē] [ a a] [i  a a] [ē  ā] [ē ō] [ i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 
 
  
   
  


   [ḍʰ]
[ō ] [ ā ] [ē a] [ a ē ] [ā] [ē a] [ a  i ] [ē a] [ ō ] [ā]  [ṇ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

  

  
   

 

   
 [t]
[ē a] [ ā a ] [ a] [] [ a] [ a a ] [ ā ] [] [ō] [ā  u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 
 


 


 

 
  [tʰ]

[a ] [i  a a ] [  ā] [ ā] [ ā] [a ā a u ē ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]





 
 




 


 


 
   [dʰ]
[ō  ā ā a] [ē a] [ ā  ā ā a] [ ā ā ] [ā  ē ] [i ā ] [ u i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
  

 

  



 
  
  [n]

[a ] [ a] [ā  u ] [i  a ] [ a a ] [i  a i] [ō ] [ō] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]



  

 

 
 
 

  
   [pʰ]
[   ā ō] [a] [ a a] [] [ē u ē ] [ō ā ] [a a ] [ a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
   
  
 
    
 


   [b]

[ā  u ] [ē ] [ a] [a  ō] [ē ] [ ō] [] [ a i ] [ ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
  


  
  
   

  [m]
[ i ] [ ō] [] [  u ] [ a] [] [ a  a] [ ō  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
1 -28  
  
   
 
 


 
[ō] [] [a ē] [ē ] [ō] [a  ō] [ē ] [ ō] [] • • • • • •
 [r]


 


  


 

 
   
  [l]
[ a a ] [ ō] [] [ō ā  a ] [ ō] [] [a  a ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
 

 

  
 
 

  



[ a  a] [ ō  ] [ ā] [] [ā  u ] [ a ō] [ ā] [] [ō ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



  
 

 

 


 

  

  [h]
[ ā] [] [a  ō] [ ā  ō] [ ē u] [ā  ā a] [i ā ē ] [a a] [ē ē u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

 
 

   


 
 
 

[ u ] [ē a] [ ō ] [u a] [ a] [ ā  a] [ā ā] [ ā a] [ u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
11
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



  
 
  
 


 

 
[ā  a] [a  a a] [ē a a] [a a a] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [u i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 


 



 


[ā   a] [ē a] [u ā a] [ a ā a] [a  ā ē ] [u ā  u ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


     

  

 

 


[ā  ā a] [a  ā ē ] [ē] [ē] [a  ā] [ā  ā] [ā ā ā ā] [ā ā  ā] [ā ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
   
  

 

  

[ā ā  ā] [a  ā] [ē] [a] [ a] [ a] [  a ā a] [ ē u] [  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 

  
 
 

 
 
 
[ā  u ] [ā ā u ā ] [ ē] [i i ā ] [u ē ] [ a  ā ] [ā ] [ā ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
  
     
  
[] [] [] [] [i a ē ] [a] [i ] [ē ] [ ā] [a] [u ē ] • • • • • • • •


 


  
 
 
 


 




[ a  a ā] [ē  ē ] [ō] [ā  u ] [ē a] [u ā a] [ a ā a] [a  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 



     

 



[u ā  u ā a] [ā  ā a] [a  ā ē ] [ē] [ē] [a  ā] [ā  ā] [ā ā ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 

  
   
 
[ā ā  ā] [ā ā a ā] [ā ā  ā] [a  ā] [ē] [a] [ a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
   
   
  
 



[  a ā a] [ ē u] [ a] [ō] [ā  u ] [ē ] [ a] [a  ō] [ē ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  


  


 

  
   

[] [ a a ] [ ō] [] [ō ā  a ] [ ō] [] [a  a ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


[ a  a] [ ō  ]
• • • • • •

1 -29 

  
 
 


 
 


[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ā  u ō] [u ā ā  ā] [ē a a] [u  ā a a] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

 

 


 

 



 
 


[ i ā] [ē ] [ ā] [ē a  i] [ ā ē ā] [ a a] [ē  ō ] [ē a ] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 
  

 


 

 

[ā ō] [ē a ] [] [ā ō] [a] [ ā] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [a   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
 
  
[u   ] [ā   a] [ a] [ a] [a  a] [a ] [ a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
 


  
 



  

[ā  ē ] [a] [ā  u ] [ā  ē ] [a] [ā  u ] [ ā  ō ] [a ] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 
  

 

  
 
 

[ā i ] [] [ā ] [ā  u ] [a ā] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [a  ē ] [u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
   


   

 

[ā   a] [ā ] [] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā] [a ā] [a ē] [ā  a ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    
 


   

 

 
[] [ō] [ā  u ] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā] [a ā] [a ē] [ā  a ] [] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

  
 
 
 
 

 




[ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [a  ē ] [u ] [ā   a] [ē a ē ] [ā  a ā  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 



[a ā a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
12
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -30   
 
 


  
[] [ā ] [ā  u ] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā] [a ā] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



 
   
   
 
    [kʰ]
[ā  a ] [ā ] [] [a ō] [a a  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [ ō] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

  
   
 

 
 



[ā  u ] [a ō] [a a  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

  

 

  

 

  
 
  
 [ṅ]
[a ā] [a ē] [ā  a ] [] [a ā] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [a  ē ] [u ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

[c]

 

 



 
 



[ā   a] [ē a ē ] [ā  a ā  ā a] [a ā a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

1 -31   
 
 


    [j]
[] [ā ] [ā  u ] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā] [a ā] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]


 
   


   
 
  
[ā  a ] [ā ] [] [a ō] [ē u  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [ ō] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


  


   
 

 
 


  [ṭ]
[ā  u ] [a ō] [ē u  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
  

 

  

 

  
 
 

[a ā] [a ē] [ā  a ] [] [a ā] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [a  ē ] [u ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ḍ]


 

 



 
 


  [ḍʰ]

[ā   a] [ē a ē ] [ā  a ā  ā a] [a ā a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -32   
 
 


  
 [t]
[] [ā ] [ā  u ] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā] [a ā] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
   


   
 
    [tʰ]

[ā  a ] [ā ] [] [a ō] [ā a  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [ ō] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]

  


   
 

 
 


  [dʰ]
[ā  u ] [a ō] [ā a  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 

  

 

  
 
  
 [n]

[a ā] [a ē] [ā  a ] [] [a ā] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [a  ē ] [u ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]

 

 



 
 


  [pʰ]
[ā   a] [ē a ē ] [ā  a ā  ā a] [a ā a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -33   
 
 


    [b]

[] [ā ] [ā  u ] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā] [a ā] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 
   


   
 
    [m]
[ā  a ] [ā ] [] [a ō] [ā  a  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [ ō] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

  


   
 

 
 



[ā  u ] [a ō] [ā  a  a a] [a ō] [ō ] [] [ ē a ē] [ā  a ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

  

 

  

 

 

 
  [l]
[a ā] [a ē] [ā  a ] [] [a ā] [ā  ā a] [i ā  a] [a  ē ] [u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

 

 



 
 



[ā   a] [ē a ē ] [ā  a ā  ā a] [a ā a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

1 -34       


 





  [h]
[ a  ō] [] [ā  u ] [i  a ō] [ ā   ō] [ ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
 
 
 

 
  
   

 
[u ō] [ā ē] [ i  ō] [ ē a ] [ā  u ] [a a a] [i  ā a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
13
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
      
 


 
 
 




[a  ō] [i ] [ō] [ō ā a ō] [ ā  a ō] [ ō] [a ō  ā  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -35 

  
 

 
 

 
 
[] [ō] [ ā] [ā a a a] [ā a a] [ā a ē ] [ā i a] [ō] • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 



 
   
    




[ ē a] [ā a ] [ ā  ā a] [ē ] [ a  ā] [a a] [ a ] [] [ē] [ ō ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






  
 


 
  




 

[ ā  a] [a  a ] [ā ā ā a ] [ē a a] [ā  a] [ ō  ā ā ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 
 
   
 
[a ē ] [ō] [ā a ā] [ā a ō] [ ō] [a a ō ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -36 

  
 

  




 

 


[] [ō] [ ā] [ ā ē ā] [a    ā ā ] [ā a  ā] [ā a ē ] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 



 
 
  

 



[a ā  ē ] [ē ] [ē a a ] [ā  a ] [ ē  a] [ē  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 

  

    
 


[ a  i ā] [a a ē] [ā  ē] [  ] [] [ō] [ē a ō] [ā  ō] [ē ] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 

 


 

  


[ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ a a] [ ā ē ā] [ē  a a] [  ] [ē  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    


 



 
 
 

[ i a] [ō] [ē a a] [ā  a] [ ā] [ē  ō ] [ a  a ] [ ā] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


      




  
  
[a a u ā] [ ō ē ] [a] [i ā ] [ a] [ ā  a] [a  u ] [a a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
     
    
[ō ] [ a  a ] [ ā] [a a u ā] [] [] [ō] [  a ō] [ō] [] [i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

       



     
[a ] [ō] [ō] [ a a] [ō ] [ ā  a  ā] [a] [  ] [a ā] [ i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

  


  
 

 

   
[ ā ā ā] [  ā] [ ā ē ] [ē] [ a] [ō  ō] [ā  ā ] [a a] [a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 


 

 

 

  

 

[i  a ē ā ] [ ā ē ] [ ā] [u  ā ē ] [] [ō] [ ā] [ē a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
 



 


 


[ā  a] [a  ā] [ ā ] [a a ē ā] [ ā  ē ā] [ u ē ē ā] [a  a ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
 
[u ā ā  ā] [a ā ]
• • • • • •

1 -37 

      

 

[] [ō] [ē a ō] [ā  ō] [a ā] [a  ā] [a  ē ] [ ē] • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  

 

 



 


 
 




[ ē  ē] [  a] [ā   a] [ō   a] [ ā ā ē ā] [ ō] [ā a] [ā ō ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   

  
[ā ō] [ō] [ō ] [i  a] [a a ]
• • • • • •

1 -38 

  
 


 

  





[] [ō] [ ā] [u a  a] [ ā ē ā] [a    ā ā ] • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
  

 


 

  

[ē ] [ē a a ] [ā  a ] [ ē  a] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [a a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
14
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



      
 

  
  

[ā  ē] [  ] [a i] [i  a ē ] [] [ō] [ē a ō] [ā  ō] [u a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

   
 
 


 


 
 
  [kʰ]
[i  a a] [  ē ] [ā   ē ] [ō   ē ] [ a ā] [a a ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]



 

  
   
 
  

 


[a  ā ē ā] [ a a] [u ā i] [ō   a  ā i] [   ē ] [a ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]




    



 

 

 

  

  [ṅ]
[ē  ē a ] [i u] [ē  ē ē ] [u  ē ] [a ā ē ] [] [ō] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

   

 
 



 



[ē a a] [ā  a] [a  ā] [ ā ] [a a ē ā] [ ā  ē ā] [ u ē ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



 
   
   [j]
[a  a ē ā] [u ā ā  ā] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -39 

  
 

 

  
 


[] [ō] [ ā] [ē a ā a] [ ā  a a] [ i ā] [ a ] • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


  
 
 




 


  [ṭ]
[ō  a] [a a a] [a  u a] [ē ] [ ā  i ā a] [ē  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 




  
 
 
 


 




 [ḍ]
[ a  i ā] [ ā  i ā ē] [a a] [ i] [u  i ā] [ē ] [ā ā  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 


 

  
 
 

 
 
  [ḍʰ]

[] [ō] [ ā] [ā ā  a] [ ā  a a] [ i ā] [ē ] [ē ā ] [ē ] [ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
 
 

 
 


 
 

 



 
 
 [t]
[a ā ] [ u ē ] [ā  a] [ ā ō] [ē ] [ē ā ] [] [a ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 


 




  [tʰ]

[ ā] [ē ā  a] [] [ ā  ē] [ū ā ā  ā ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -40 




   [dʰ]
[ē a  ā  ā ō] [i  ō]
• • • • • • • •

 [n]

 [p]
( 1 -1.1
1.1))



 ( 1 -1.1
1.1))
# #
 [pʰ]
[ā ā  a ] • • • •

 [b]

 [bʰ]










  [m]
( 1 -1.1.1
1.1.1)) ( 1 -1.1.1
1.1.1))
# [ ā ā  i ā ] • • • • • •
#  [y]

 [r]

 [l]

 [v]
( 1 -1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1))




 ( 1 -1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1))
# #  [s]
[ i  ā  ā ] • • • • • •

 [h]

 [ḷ]
1 -41 
   
 

 

 
 


 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē ā  ā] [ ū ē] [ a  ā ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
15
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

   

 

  
 

  
[a ] [a ] [ i ō] [ā ] [ a  u ō] [  u ō] [ō ] [] [ō] [ i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 



   

 


 



[ a  u ō] [a  ē ] [ ā  ē ] [a i] [ē ā i] [ ā ] [ē  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
  

 

 

 

 

 
 
[  ē ] [ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ ā] [ ā] [ ā ] [ ō] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 

   

 

 


[ē  ō] [ i ō] [ō ] [a ] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ a a] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
   


 
 
[ ā ] [ a] [a a] [ē  a] [ i a] [i ā a ] [ē  ō ] [a ū ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

   

 
    



[a a] [  a ] [] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ē ] [ā] [ ā] [ē  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  

   
[ a  i ā] [ē  a a] [  ] [ē  a a] [ i a ] [ō] [ i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 



 
 
  
 


  

[ a  u a ] [ē  ō ] [ ā] [ ā] [ō] [ a] [ ā] [a a] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 
 

 


 


 



[ā ā ā ] [ a] [ a] [ ā a] [a ā  ā] [ē a  u a] [ē a  u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 
 
 

 


 



[a  a] [ a] [ u] [a ū ā a] [ē  a u] [ō ā ē ā] [ā ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 


 


  
 
     
[a ā ] [a ā ē ā] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a   a ] [] [ō] [ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  

  
  
 

 

[ ā] [a  ā] [ ā ] [a a  ā] [ ā  ā] [ u ē  ā] [a  a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 


 
    
 
[u ā ā  ā] [ a a] [ ā ē ā] [ a  a] [a ā] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -42 

   

 


 

 

[] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ u  ā ] [ ā ] [ē ] • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 

 

 


 

 
[ ā] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ a a] [ ā ē ā] [ē  a a] [  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



    

 

 



 

[ē  a a] [ i ō] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ a a] [ē  ō ] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  


  
 


 
 
 


[ ā a] [a ē] [ ā] [a a] [ē  a] [ā ā ā ] [ a] [ a] [ ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 


 
  
 

[a ā  ā] [ē a  u a] [ē a  u a] [a  a] [ a] [ u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  

 


 


 
 

 



[i ā  a] [a ē] [ē  a u] [ō ā ē ā] [ā ā ā ] [a ā ] [a ā ē ā] [ ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
  

  


 


 

  
[ ā  a] • • • [a  u] [a ā ē ] [a] [ ā ] [ u ā ō ] [] [a] [ i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 


 


  

   
  


[ā ā  ū ]
• • • • [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [] [ō] [ a] [a ē] [ u ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 


 


  

    



[ā ā  ū ]
• • • • [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [] [ō] [ i ] [ ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
16
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1




   
   
 
  
 

 

[ u ā a] [ā ā  ū ] [u a] [a ā   ] [ō a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • [a ē] [ ā] [ i ā ] [ ā] 
• • • • • •
[k]

  
  

 


  

  

  [kʰ]
[a] [ā ā  ō] [ ā i a ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • [a a ā ā ]
• • • •

 [g]


   


1 -43 

   
  

[] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ē ā  a] [a] [  a] [ ē ā] • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


 


 
  
  


 

 

  [ṅ]
[ē ] [ a  ā ō] [ē ] [ā ā  ō] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ā ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]




 

 
 

 


  
 


 

[ē  ō ] [a  ā ā] [ ā] [ ā a] [ ā] [a a] [ē  a] [ā ā ā ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


 

 


 


 


 
   [j]
[ a] [ ā a] [a ā  ā] [ē a  u a] [ē a  u a] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]

 
 

 

 


 


 

[ a] [ u] [i ā  a] [ē  a u] [ō ā ē ā] [ā ā ā ] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 


 


  
 


  


  [ṭ]
[a ā ē ā] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a  u] [ ā ā ] [a] [ ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]



  

 
   

  
 
 [ḍ]
[ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [ē a] [u ē] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ā ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 



    
  
  [ḍʰ]

[ i a] [ a  u a] [ē  ō u] [a] [ō ] [ā ] [ i ] [a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

  
 

 
  

      
 [t]
[ē  u  ō] [ ō] [ ā ō] [ ē  ō] [ ō] [] [a] [ā ] [ i ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

   
 
   

   
  

  [tʰ]

[u a ] [ā ā ] [ ē ] [ a] [ē] [ ā  ā] [ ā] [ i ā ] [i] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]

   


 


 
  

  [dʰ]
[ a] [a] [ a a] [ ā i ā ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -44    


  
  



  [n]

[ a ] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ā ā  ō] [ē  ō ] • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]


 
 

 


  
 


 
 
  [pʰ]
[a  ā ā] [ ā] [ ā a] [ ā] [a a] [ē  a] [ā ā ā ] [ a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 


 


 
  
  [b]

[ ā a] [a ā  ā] [ē a  u a] [ē a  u a] [a  a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

 

 

 


 


 
 

 


  [m]
[ u] [i ā  a] [ē  a u] [ō ā ē ā] [ā ā ā ] [a ā ] [a ā ē ā] [ ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

  
 


  


  

  


[ ā  a] [a  u] [ ā ā ] [a] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

   

  
   

  [l]
[ a ] [ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ā ā  ō] [ i a] [ a  u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]



    
  
     
 


[ē  ō u] [a] [ō ] [ā ] [ i ] [a ā a] [ē  u  ō] [ ō] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]


  

       

 

 
  [h]
[ ē  ō] [ ō] [] [a] [ā ] [ i ] [i ] [u a ] [ā ā ] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

  

  

  
   
[ a] [ē] [ ā  ā] [ ā] [ i ā ] [i] [] [ a] [a] [ a a]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
17
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1




 


 


  


[ ā i ā ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -45 
   

  
  




[ a ] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ā ā  ō] [ē  ō ] • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 


  
 


 
 

[a  ā ā] [ ā] [ ā a] [ ā] [a a] [ē  a] [ā ā ā ] [ a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 


 


 
  

[ ā a] [a ā  ā] [ē a  u a] [ē a  u a] [a  a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

 


  

   

 



[ u] [i ā  a] [ē  a u] [ō ā ē ā] [ā ā ā ] [a ā ] [a ā ē ā] [ ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 


  


  

  
 

[ ā  a] [a  u] [ ā ā ] [a] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  
   
 




[ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ā ā  ō] [ i a] [ a  u a] [ē  ō u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
  
     
 

 
 
[a] [ō ] [ā ] [ i ] [a ā a] [ē  u  ō] [ ō] [ ā ō] [ ē  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



        

    
 
 
[ ō] [] [a] [ā ] [ i ] [i ] [u a ] [ā ā ] [ ē ] [ a] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •




  

  
    


 



[ ā  ā] [ ā] [ i ā ] [i] [] [ a] [a] [ a a] [ ā i ā ] [ ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  


[ ā  a] [a a ā ā ]
• • • • • • •

1 -46 

   

    
  


[] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [] [a] [ā ā  ō] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •




  

  

 
 



     

[ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [a ē ] [ a  ā ] [ū  ā] [ a ] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
   
     

 

[ē] [ a] [ i ] [a a ā] [ā ] [] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ē a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

      
    

[a a] [] [u ] [ē ] [a ā ] [] [u ] [ ] [a ā ] [] [u ] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •


     
  
     
     

[a ā ] [] [u ] [a ] [a ā ] [] [u ] [] [a ā ] [] [u ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •


   
[a ā ] [] [u ]
• • •

1 -47 

   

  
  
[] [ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ā ā  ō] [ i a] • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 



  
 
  
 
  

[ a  u a] [ē  ō u] [a] [ō ] [ā ] [ i ] [a ā a] [ē  u  ō] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  

       


[ ā ō] [ ē  ō]
• • • • • [ ō] [] [a] [ā ] [ i ] [i ] [u a ] [ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • •



 
 
  

  

  
   
[ ē ] [ a]
• • • [ē] [ ā  ā] [ ā] [ i ā ] [i] [] [ a] [a] [ a a]
• • • • • • • • • •




 


 


  
 
 
    
[ ā i ā ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ] [u ē ] [ā ] [ i ] [u ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
18
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

  

      

 
 
 
[] [] [ ā ē ] [] [u a ō] [ a ō] [ ā  ō] [ā ē] [ u a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


 
 

     


 


 


  [kʰ]
[u ā ] [  ō] [ a ] [] [a] [ a] [ ā ā ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
 

 
   

  


[a a ā ā ] [ē a] [u ē] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [u ] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

1 -48    

   

  [ṅ]
[ a ] [ō] [ē] [ a ] [ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
 
   

 


    
 
[ā ā  ō] [ i a] [ a  u a] [ē  ō u] [a] [ō ] [ā ] [ i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


     
 

 
  

      [j]
[a ā a] [ē  u  ō] [ ō] [ ā ō] [ ē  ō] [ ō] [] [a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
   

  
 
 
   

 
[ i ] [i ] [u a ] [ā ā ] [ ē ] [ a] [ē] [ ā  ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



   
     


 


  

  [ṭ]
[ i ā ] [i] [] [ a] [a] [ a a] [ ā i ā ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
 
 
          

   
 [ḍ]
[a a ā ] [u ē ] [ā ] [ i ] [u ] [] [] [] [ ā ē ] [] [u a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
 
  
 
  
    [ḍʰ]

[ a ō] [ ā  ō] [ā ē] [ u a ō] [u ā ] [  ō] [ a ] [] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 


  

  
  
 
  
 [t]
[ a] [ ā ā ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [ a ] [ō] [ i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  

  [tʰ]

[ a  u ō] [u ] [ ō ]

• • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -49 

   

 


 
   [dʰ]
[] [ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ ā  ā] [ē ] [ i ō] • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 

  

 


  [n]

[ a  u ō] [ē  a  i ] [ a  i ā] [ i a] [ a  u a] [ē  ō u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
      
 
  
 

 
   [pʰ]
[a] [ō ] [a ] [ i ] [ā ā  ū a] [ē  u  ō] [ ō] [ ā ō] [ ē  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



       

  
 
   [b]

[ ō] [] [a] [a ] [ i ] [i ] [u a ] [ā ā ] [ ē ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
 
  


      
   

  [m]
[ā ā  ō] [ ā  ā] [ ā] [ i a ] [i] [] [a] [ a a] [ ā i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]



  
  

 
       
[ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a  ā ] [u ē ] [a ] [ i ] [u ] [] [] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




     

 
 
  
  [l]
[ ā ē ] [] [u a ō] [ a ō] [ ā  ō] [ā ē] [ u a ō] [u ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

  
    
  

 


  


[  ō] [ a ] [] [a] [ā ā  ō] [ ā i a ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

 

 
   

    
    [h]
[a a ā ā ] [ē a] [u ē] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [u ] [ ō ] [ a ] [ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

   

 


  


[ a ] [ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ ā  ā] [ i a] [ a  u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
19
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1





  
    
   


[ē  ō u] [a] [ō ] [a ] [ i ] [ē] [ a ] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


[u ] [ ō ]
• • •



   


1 -50 


   
[] [ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ ā  ā] [ē ] [ i a ] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  


 

 
[ a  u a ] [ā ā  ō] [ē  a  i ] [ a  i ā] [ i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  


 

 
  




[ a  u a ] [ā ā  ō] [ē  ō u] [a  ā ā] [ē ō] [ i ō] [ a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

  
    
 
 
 
[ū  ā] [ a ō] [ ē ] [ē] [ a] [ i ] [a a ā] [ā ] [ ē] [u ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 



 


 


  
 
 


[ i a] [ā  ā i ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ] [a ē ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
  
   



 


 



[ā  i ] [ ē] [] [u ē]
• • • • • [ i a] [ ā i ] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
    

 
  
 

 



[a a ā ] [a  a ] [a]
• • • • • • [a i ] [ ē] [ i ō] [ā  i ] [ ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •




  
      
   
  


[ ā  a] [a a ā ] [ā] [a ] [a ā] [] [ i ] [ ē ] [a ā  i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  


 


  

 


 
 
[ ā ā ] [ i a] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [ ā ā ] [ā ā] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


  

 

   

 



[ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [] [ō] [ i a ] [ a  u a ] [ ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

 


 

 
[ē ] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ē  a  i ] [ a  i ā] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 



 
   


   

[ a  u a] [ē  ō u] [u ē ] [a ] [ i ] [ u ā ō ] [ā ā  ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 


[ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -51 

   

 


    

[] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ u ā ō ] [] [ā ā  ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


  

   
  
 

[ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ā ] [a ō] [ a ō] [ā  ā] [a ā ] [ u a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   

 

 
 

 
 


[u ā ] [] [ō] [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ ā a] [ a] [ā ē ā] [ē ] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 

 


 

  


[ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ a a] [ ā ē ā] [ē  a a] [  ] [ē  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 

 



 

 
 
[ i ō] [ō]
• • [ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ a a] [ē  ō ] [ u ā ō] [ a] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 


 


  
  

  


 
 
[ā ā  ū ]
• • • • [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a a ā ] [a ā ē ] [a] [ ā ] [ a ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 


    
 


[ i ō] [ a  u ō] [ ō] [a  ē] [a a a] [ a ] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
20
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

  
  


  

  
 


 

[ ū  a a ō] [] [ ā a ā] [ i ō] [ē  ū ē] [ ē] [ ā ā ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


 
  

   




 

 
  [kʰ]
[ā a  ō] [ō ] [i  ā  ō] [a  ū  ō] [ ā  ā  ō] [a  a] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


 

[ i ā ] []
• • •
 [gʰ]

1 -52 
   
 

    
   [ṅ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a ] [u i ā] [ō ] [  ā]
• • • • • • • • •

 [c]

 


     
  
 

 

 
[ē a  ā] [ ā ā u ā] [] [ ā] [u ē ] [a  ē ] [ā ē u] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



  



 


      
  [j]
[ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ē  ō ] [ē ] [ō] [a ] [u i ā] [  ā] [ē a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]



     
  
 

 
  
 
[ ā ā u ā] [] [ ā] [u ē ] [a  ē ] [ā ē u] [ ū] [ō] [] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 
  
 


 






  [ṭ]
[ē ā  a] [ā ] [a ā] [ a  ā] [ ā ō ā] [ ū  ā  ū  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]





 



 
 
 

 

 [ḍ]
[ ū  i ū  ā] [ ū  a ā] [a ū ā a] [ā ] [ i ā ] [  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 

  
 
      [ḍʰ]

[ā ] [a] [i ā ] [ā ā ] [a a ] [u ā ] [ i a ] [i ū] [] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
   
  
  


 [t]
[a a ] [ a ] [i  ē ] [] [ i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -53 

  
  


 

  [tʰ]

[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ i ō] [ē ā  a] [a ā ē ā] • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
 




 
 
   
   

 
 

  [dʰ]
[a    ā ā ] [ē ] [ē ā ] [ē ] [a ā ] [ u ē ] [ē ] [ē ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
  

  

 
 


  [n]

[] [a ] [ a] [ā a ā] [ i ō] [ē ā  a] [] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]





 
  

  

    [pʰ]
[ū ā ā  ā ā a] [a ō u] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  ā] [ i ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
    

   

  [b]

[ a  u ō] [ē ā i] [ u a ō ] [ē] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [a  a ē] [ā  ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

 
 

 

  

    

  [m]
[a ā  ā a] [ i ] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [ i ō] [ē] [a  a ē] [ā  ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
   
 


 

  




 



[i ū a] [i a ē ā] [u a  a] [ ā ē ā] [a    ā ā ] [ a  ā a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[r]


 
 


 


  

 
  
  [l]
[i ā ] [ā ] [ a  ā ē] [ ā a] [i ā ] [ ā ō] [ē ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 



[ ē  a] [ē  a ]
• • • • • •
 [s]

1 -54 
   
 

 

  

  [h]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

 
 
 

 
 

  
  
[ā  ō  a] [u ā a] [a ē  ā ā] [ō ] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [ i ō] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
21
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



 



 
  
 

     


[ā  ā i] [ē  ō ] [ ē] [a] [] [a    a a] [] [ē] [a ē] [ā  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  

  
 
 
 


[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  ā ] [a] [ā  ō  a] [u ā a] [ā a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 
 

 
   


[ i a ] [a ē] [ā  a ] [a ā a ] [ā ā a ] [ a ] [] [ i a] [a  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  

 


  

[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  ā ] [ē ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 

  

 



 
[ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  a] [ē  ō ] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
   
  
    

 

 
[ā  ā ] [a  u ō] [ i ō] [ u a ō ] [ ē] [ē] [a] [a a] [] [ ā i] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ ō  ]
• • •


    


 
 
1 -55   

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a ā] [ i ō] • • • • • • • [a] [ā  ō  a] • • • •


 

 
 
  
  
  

[u ā a] [a  a] [u  ū a] [i ā ] [ u ] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • [ō] [ā a  ō] • • •

  
 

 

    

[ i a ] [a a ā] [ā a a ō] [a ] [ā a a a] [ i a] [a] [ā  ō  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 
 
 
   


 
[u ā a] [a  a] [u  ū a] [i ā ] [ u a a] [i ā ] [ē ā a ā] [ i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 

  



  
 

[ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ā a a a] [ i a] [ē  ō ] [a ] [ā ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  

[ i ] [ā  ō  a] [u ā a] [ u i ] [] [ā ] [ā ] [ i ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

    
  

   
 


[ē a] [a a a ] [ i ] [ō] [ē] [] [ē a] [ ā a] [ā  ō  ō] [u ā ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
   

  

 


[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā a] [ ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  



 
    
 


 

 
[ā a a a] [ i a] [ē  ō ] [ē ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • [ i ] [ a] [ i ā ā ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • •



  
  
 





 

  

[ā a ā] [ i ō] [ē ] [] [ ē  a]
• • • [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [a a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  

  
     
  




[ā  ē] [  ] [] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā] [ā a a a] [ i a] [ē  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 
 


 
    


 

[u ] [ā ] [ i ā ] [ a] [] [ a] [ē] [a ] [a  i a ] [ ā ē ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

  


  

  

 

 
[ i ] [ā  ā ] [a a ] [ ā ē ] [ō] [ā a ā] [ i ō] [u  ā ē ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
   
 
[ā a ā] [ i ō] [u ā ā  ā] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -56 

  
  
   


[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā] [a ā] [a  ā] [a  ē ] • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
22
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



 


 

 


   


 
 
[ ē ] [ō  ē ] [ i] [ō u ā ē ā] [ē] [u ē] [ā ā ē ] [ē a] [ a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


  
 
  
 

   

   [kʰ]
[ē a] [ a a ] [ā ] [ a ā] [u ā] [ ē u] [ō  ō] [ ō] [ ō] [ā  ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
   
 

   

     
 
[ a] [] [a ] [ā  ō] [ ō] [ ō] [ō  ō] [ a] [ a] [] [a ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

 
 



  
  
  
 


   [ṅ]
[u ē] [ a ē ] [ i ā ā ē ā] [a ē] [ā  a] [a ā ē ā] [ ō   a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
  
 

  

 

 
   
[ i  i ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  a] [ā a ē ] [ē ] [] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


  

  
       
 

    [j]
[ē ] [ a ā ē ] [ a  ā] [u a ] [ē] [ i a ] [ ā] [ ō ] [ ā ā] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]



 


 
 
  

  


[ a ā ē ] [ a  ā ] [ē a] [a ē ] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



  
  
  [ṭ]
[ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  ā] [a a ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


   
 1 -57  


 


 [ḍ]
[] [ō] [ā a ā] • • [ i ō] [u a  a] [ ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • •

 




 
  



 


 

  [ḍʰ]

[a    ā ā ] [ē ] []

• • [ ē  a] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
 
 

  

  
     

 
 [t]
[a a ē] [ā  ē] [  ] [] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā] [ē ā a ā] [ i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

   


 

   [tʰ]

[ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ē] [u ē] [ ā ē ā] [ā a a a] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]




      
   
  
   [dʰ]
[ē  ō ] [ a] [ē] [ā ] [ i ]
• • • • • • • [ā ] [a  a] [i  ā ] [i  a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • •

   


  
  

 
   [n]

[  a] [a a] [ ā  a] [a ā]

• • • • • • • [ā ] [ i ] [ ā ā a i ā] [ō ā] []
• • • • • • • • •
 [p]
  
   
    

 
   [pʰ]
[u  u] [u ā ] [] [ā u] [ē ] [a] [ā ] [ i ] [ ā ā a i ā] [ō ē] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
     
    

 

 
  [b]

[u a ] [u ā ] [] [ ō  ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • [] [u  ā ] • • • [] [ ā ] [ ō] [ a] • • • •
 [bʰ]

 

    
  
   [m]
[ a] [ ā  ] [ a ] [ō] • • • • • • [ē] [ a ] • • [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] • • • • • •

 [y]
     

  


  
 
[ ā] [ā a a a] [ i a] [ē  ō ]
• [ a] [ē] [ā ] [ i ] [ā ] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

 
  
     

  
   [l]
[i  ā ] [i  a] [a a] [  a] [a a] [ ā  a] [a ā] [ā ] [ i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 
    
   
   
[ ā ā a i ā] [ō ā] [] [u  u] [u ā ] [] [ā u] [ē ] [a] [ā ] [ i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



 
    
  
 

    [h]
[ ā ā a i ā] [ō ē] [] [u a ] [u ā ] [] [ ō  ] [  ā ] [ō] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]



 
  
 

 
 
 
  
[] [ ē] [a] [ā  a  ā  ] [ ē ] [ā ] [ i ā ] [ē ] [] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
23
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1




 
 
 
 

 


 
 


[] [ a ē] [ a ē] [ā  i  ē] [ā ā ē ā] [ a  a a ] [ū ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


  
 
 


    
 
[ ē ] [i ā ā ē ā] [a ē] [a ā ] [ō ē] [ō ā ē ] [a] [i ] [ē ] [a ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

  

 
     
   
[] [ i ] [ ō  ā a] [ a] [ā] [a  a a] [ā] [ō  a ō] [ā] [ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     
 
  

     


[ā] [ō] [ē] [] [ i   ] [ē a] [u ē] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā] [ a  ō] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



      
 
[ ō ] [ a ] [ā ] [u ō] [ i ō] [ē a] [a   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -58 
   
    

 
[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
        
    

[ ā  a] [ā a ē ] [ē ] [] [] [a] [ ā] [] [ ā ā] [] [a ē ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 

 

   
 
[u ō] [ i ō] [u a ] [ a] [  ā ] [] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  

 

 

 
[ ā  ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ē ] [ ē ā] [ā a a a] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  
  
 

 
   

[ē  ō ] [  ā] [ā ] [ā] [a  u ] [a  ā ō] [ā a] [a] [ē ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



     
 

 
 
 

 

 
[  ] [] [ō] [ a] [] [a  ā a] [ē ] [ a] [ ā  ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •



  

 
  
 
[ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā] [a  a ē] [a] [a  u ō] [ i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 



 
  


[ ā ē ] [ ā   ] [a ē ] [u  ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -59 

   
  
 



 
 



[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ i ō] [ a] [ē  ō ] [ ē] [] • • • • • • • • •



 
 
    

     
 

 
[ō  a] [ā a a] [ē ] [ā] [ō] [ ē  i ā ] [u ] [ā ] [ i ā ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



       
   
 

[ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā] [] [ ā] [] [ā a a a] [ i a] [  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 
 
 


 

  


[ā   ē ] [ō   ē ] [ a ā] [a a ē u] [a  ā ē u] [] [ō] [ā a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

   
   
 
  



 
[ i a ] [ā ā] [ā a a a] [ i a] [u ā i] [ō   a  ā i] [ē  ō ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    

 


 







[ā ] [ i ] [ a] [a a] [ a  a] [ ā ō a] [ ū  ā  ū  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






 



  
  

 

[ ū  i ū  a] [ ū  a a] [a ā] [ā ] [ i ] [ ā ā a i ā] [ō ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
   
    

 
 
[] [u  u] [u ā ] [] [ā u] [ē ] [a] [ā ] [ i ] [ ā ā a i ā] [ō ē] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
  
   

  

 

 

[u a ] [u ā ] [] [ ō  ] [a ] [] [u  ā ] [] [ ā ] [ ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
24
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 


[ a] [ ā  ] • • • •
 [k]

1 -60    

  
  
  [kʰ]
[ a ] [ō] [ē] [ a ] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


  



  
    


[ā a a a] [ i a] [ē  ō ] [ a] [ā ] [ i ] [ a] [a a] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]




 






 




 



 
  [ṅ]
[ ā ō a] [ ū  ā  ū  a] [ ū  i ū  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ ū  a a] [ē ]
• • • • •

 [c]
    
 
    
 

 


[] [ā ] [ i ] [  a ] [ē ] [ā] [ō] [ u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • [ā   a] [i  ō]
• • • • •
 [cʰ]





 
      
 

 
   [j]
[ ā ē u ] [ē a] [ō] [ē] [a ] [a ā] [ā u ] [ a] [] [ā ] [ i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]



 
 


 
 

  

  



[ē ] [  ] [ ā  ē] [a ā ] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [ i ō] [u ā ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 
  [ṭ]
[a ā ] • •
 [ṭʰ]
1 -61 

  
  
 

 
 [ḍ]
[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
  
 
  

    [ḍʰ]

[ ā  a] [ā a ē ] [ē ] [] [] [ ā] [ ] [ ō ] [u a] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
  
 

   

 
 
  

 
 [t]
[u a a] [ō ] [] [ē] [ā ō  ā  ] [ē a] [a ē ] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  
  
 

  

  [tʰ]

[ ā  ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  ā] [a a ō ] [] [ō] [ā a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
 

 

  

    

   [dʰ]
[ i a ] [ ā  ā] [ a ē ] [ ] [ ō ] [u a ā] [u a ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  

 

  

 



  [n]

[ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā  a] [ē  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
     
    
  

  [pʰ]
[  ] [a ē] [u a] [ē] [u a a ] [ē ] [] [] [ē ] [ a ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


       
  
    

  

  [b]

[ a  ā] [u a ] [ i a ] [ ā] [ ō ] [ ā ā] [ē ] [ a ā ē ] [ a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

 
  
  

 

   [m]
[ē a] [a ē ] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

  
 

  
  
 

 
[ā  ā] [a a ō ] [] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā] [ā a  ō] [ i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



 

 
 


 


  


  [l]
[ ā  a] [ā ā ] [ē ] [ ā  a] [ē ā a ā] [ i ō] [ē  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 

  



  
   
[ a  i ā] [ā a a a] [ i a] [ē  ō ] [ a] [ā ] [ i ] [ a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



 


 






 




  [h]
[ a  a] [ ā ō a] [ ū  ā  ū  a] [ ū  i ū  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]




  
  

 
   
[ ū  a a] [a ā] [ā ] [ i ] [ ā ā a i ā] [ō ā] [] [u  u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
25
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


   
    

 
   
[u ā ] [] [ā u] [ē ] [a] [ā ] [ i ] [ ā ā a i ā] [ō ē] [] [u a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
   

  

 

 

[u ā ] [] [ ō  ] [a ] [] [u  ā ] [] [ ā ] [ ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


[ a] [ ā  ] • • • •

1 -62    

  
  

[ a ] [ō] [ē] [ a ] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •



  



  
    


[ā a a a] [ i a] [ē  ō ] [ a] [ā ] [ i ] [ a] [a a] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 






 




 



 
 
[ ā ō a] [ ū  ā  ū  a] [ ū  i ū  a] [ ū  a a] [ē ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 
    
 

 


[ā ] [ i ] [  a ] [ē ] [ā] [ō] [ u  a] [ā   a] [i  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
      


 


[ ā ē u ] [ē a] [ō] [ē] [a ] [a ā] [ā u ] [ ā  ā ] [ā ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 


    
 
 




[ ē ā] [ ā  a] [a ō ā ē ā] [ a a ē] [i ā  ē] [ ā   a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
  


  
  

[ ā  ā ] [i a u] [ē  a] [a a] [ i ā ē ] [ā] [ē ] [a a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -63   
 



  

    
[u ā] [ē ā] [a  u ā ē u] [ a  ō] [] [ō] [i  a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 


  
 

 


[ ā   ō] [ i ē ] [ a  u ē ] [a  a] [u ā  a] [ā   ō] [u ā  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

   


 
 



 
[u ā a] [ē ā a] [a a] [u ā] [ā  ā ā  ā] [ē ā] [a  u ā ē u] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
  
 


 
 




[ā  i ā] [ē ā] [ā ā] [ē ā] [ ā] [ē ā] [i ā  ] [ē ā] [ i  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 



  

    
[ē ā] [ ā  ā] [ē ā] [a  u ā ē u] [ a  ō] [] [ō] [i  a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 


  
 

 


[ ā   ō] [ i ē ] [ a  u ē ] [a  a] [u ā  a] [ā   ō] [u ā  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
 
 
 
   
[] [ē ] [ ē ] [ē ] [ u ē ] [ā ] [ ō ā] [a ō] [a u a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -64 

  
  

  
[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā] [a ] [a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •





  
 

  

  


 
[ ā  a ā ] [u a] [ ā ] [] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 
 
 

  



[ā  a ] [  ō ] [ā a] [ a ] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 
 

    
  
 
 
[  ā ā ] [ā a] [ a ] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [  ā ] [ā a] [ a ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


  


 


  
 

 

[ ē ] [ ē ] [ ō] [ ā a ā] [ ā  a] [a  i ā] [ a a] [a ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
26
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -65 

  
  

  

[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ē ] [u u a] [] • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



 

 

    
     

    
  [kʰ]
[i  ā ō] [ ā ā] [] [ē] [] [] [ē] [ā ā] [u a a] [] [ē] [] []
• • • • • • • •

 [g]
  
 
 
 

  
 
  


[ē] [ a a] [ō a] [ē a] [ ā ē] [a  ē] [a  i ā] [ā a i] [ā   a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[gʰ]


 
 
 
  

 
 
  [ṅ]
[ u a] [ u a] [ a] [ u ] [ō] [ē ē ] [u u ē ] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]



  

    
  


[i  ā ē ] [ ō] [ ō ] [ū ō] [u a ō] [u a u a  ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]





 

 

  
 

  
  [j]
[ a  a ō] [a ō  ō] [  ō] [u ] [u  ō] [i  ā ] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -66 

  
  


   


[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ i a ] [ ā  ā] [i ū] [ā a a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 



       
     
  [ṭ]
[ i a] [ē  ō u] [u ē] [ō] [a] [ā  ō] [ i ] [a  ā] [ ō ] [ i  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]



 


  
  


  
 [ḍ]
[ a  a ō] [i  a  a ō] [ō] [ā ] [a] [ē ] [ ō] [ū ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
  

 



 

 

   [ḍʰ]

[u a ō] [u a u a  ā ō] [ a  a ō] [a ō  ō] [  ō] [u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 

  

       



 [t]
[u  ō] [i  ā ] [a ā ] [a ] [ō] [a] [ā  ō] [ i ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  [tʰ]

[ a] [  ] • • •

 [d]
1 -67     
 


 
 

    [dʰ]
[] [ō] [ a] [ā  ō] [ ō] [ a] [ ā ] [a ] [ē]
• • • • • • • •



 
 


 
  

  
  [n]

[ā  a a] [ a] [ ā  ā ] [ē  ō] [a ō] [ ē  ō] [a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 

  
 

 

 

   
     [pʰ]
[ā  ō] [ ē ] [u u a] [] [i  ā ō] [ ā ā] [] [ē] [] [] [ē] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 

    
   
 
 
 

  [b]

[u a a] [] [ē] [] [] [ē] [ a a] [ō a] [ē a] [ ā ē] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
 
 
  

 
 
 
 
  [m]
[a  i ā] [ā a i] [ā   a] [ u a] [ u a] [ a] [ u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
1 -68 

  
  
 
 


 
[ a ] [ē] [ā  ō] [ i ] [u u ā ] [ a] [i  ā ā ] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

  

 

 
   
 

 
  [l]
[a] [ē a] [ ā ē] [a  ē] [a  i ā] [] [a i ] [ā   a] [ u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

 
 
 
 
 


 





 


[ u a] [ a] [ u] [] [ā  ō] [ ā] [ ē  ā ē ] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

 
  

 

  
  

  [h]
[a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [ ā ā ] [ a ō ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [a ō ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]




  
  



  
  

[ ā ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [ ā ā ā ] [a ] [ā ] [a] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
27
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1




 

  
 


 

 

  

[ ā] [ ā ā ] [a ē] [ē  ē] [ ā ā ] [ē  ] [ a ō ā ] [a ē] [ē  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 



  
 



 

 

[a ō ā ] [ē  ] [ ā ā ā ] [a ē] [ē  ē] [ ā ā ā ] [ē  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 




 



  
 





[ā  ō] [ ā] [ ē  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • [ā  ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [ i  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 



 





   

 


 


[ ā  ā ] [ā  u ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • [a  a ē ā ] [a   ā ] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  
 
 
 


 





[ ō ā ] [i ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [] [ā  ō] [ ā] [ ē  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 

 
 
   
 

[ā ā a] [ ā a] [a ā a] [ā  a ā a] [ i ā] [a ā ā] [ā  ā ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 


 

 
 




 


[ ō] [a ā ō] [ā  a ā a] [ u ā ō] [a ā ō] [ā  ā ā a] [ū  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 

  


 

   



[a ā ō] [ē a] [ā  ō] [a  a ā a] [ā] [ ā ā ] [ a ā a] [ā] [i ō ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 


 


 

 


[] [ē a] [ā  ō] [a  a ā a ē ] [a  ā ā ] [ a ā a ] [ē a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





[a  a ā ā ]
• • • • •

1 -69 

     

  






[] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [ā a a a] [ i a] [ ē  ā ē ] • • • • • • • • • • •


  


 

 


 

  

 

 

[ i ā] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [] [ō] [ ā] [ē a i] [ ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


    


 

  

[ē a i] [ ē] [i  a a] [a  ā ā ē ā] [ā a a a] [ i a] [ u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    



 
  

 
[a a] [] [a] [ i ] [ ā  ā ] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē  ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •





[ ā ] • •


  

  


1 -70 

 



[] [u ō] [ ā] [ u  a] [ō ] [ ō  a] • • • • • • • • •


 

  
 


        
[a  ū a] [a ā  a] [ a  a] [  a] [ a ] [ā ] [a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

  
   
 

 

[ē a] [ ā ē] [a  ē] [a  i ā] [] [a i ] [ā   a] [ u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 
 
 

 





 


[ u a] [ a] [ u] [] [ ā] [ō ] [ ē  ā ē ] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  

 

  
  


[a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [ ā ā ] [ a ō ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [a ō ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  
  



  
  

 

[ ā ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [ ā ā ā ] [a ] [ā ] [a] [ō ] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 


 

 

  

[ ā ā ] [a ē] [ē  ē] [ ā ā ] [ē  ] [ a ō ā ] [a ē] [ē  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
28
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



 

 



  
 



 

 

[a ō ā ] [ē  ] [ ā ā ā ] [a ē] [ē  ē] [ ā ā ā ] [ē  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


  
 





 



  
 




  [kʰ]
[ ā] [ō ] [ ē  ā ē ] [ā  ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ i  ā ] • • • •

 [g]
 



 




   

 


 


[ ā  ā ] [ā  u ā ā ] [a  a ē ā ] [a   ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ ā ā ] • • •
 [gʰ]



 

  
 
 
 
 




  [ṅ]
[ ō ā ] [i ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [] [ ā] [ō ] [ ē  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]


 

 
 

 
 
   
 

[ā ā a] [ ā a] [a ā a] [ā  a ā a] [ i ā] [a ā ā] [ā  ā ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



 
 


 

 
 




 

  [j]
[ ō] [a ā ō] [ā  a ā a] [ u ā ō] [a ā ō] [ā  ā ā a] [ū  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]

 
  
 
 

      

[a ā ō] [ a] [ē] [ō ] [ā  a ] [ō  a ] [ ē] [a  ā a] [a i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

  
 

     
 
  

  [ṭ]
[] [ē ] [ā  ā a ] [a  ā ē] [a  ā a] [a i a] [ a] [ē] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
 
      
   

 


 [ḍ]
[a  a a ] [ ē] [a  ā a] [a i a] [] [ē ] [ā  ā a ] [a  ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

 
  
 


    
 
  [ḍʰ]

[a  ā a] [a i a] [ a] [ē] [ō ] [a ā  ā  ā] [ā i ā ] [a a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


 
     
   

 

 


 [t]
[ ō  ū ā ] [a  ā a] [a i a] [] [ē ] [ā  ā a ] [a  ā ē] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

       




 

 

    [tʰ]

[a i a] [a] [i ] [ē ] [ ō  ā a ] [ō ] [ a] [ā] [ a  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]



      
 
 
 
 

  [dʰ]
[ a a] [ā] [u a] [] [ē ] [a a  ā] [ā a ] [ē ā] [ a] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
  
 

  

  [n]

[ ā a] [u  i] [ ā a] [ a] [ a  ] [ ō  ā a ] [ō] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
  [pʰ]
[ā a ] [ē ā] [ a] [ ā] [ ā a] [u  i] [ ā a] [ a] [ a  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

   
 

 


  [b]

[a ] [ā ] [a] [ō ] [a] [a] [ a a a] [ā  a a] [ a a]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
 

 
 
  
   
  
   [m]
[u u a] [ō  a  a] [ a a] [ a  ā a i] [ ā a i ] [ ū a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
 
 


 
 
 
 
 


[a] [ō ] [ ā a] [a ā a] [ā  a ā] [u a  ō] [ē a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



  


 

   


 

   [l]
[a  a ā a] [ā] [ ā ā ] [ a ā a] [ā] [i ō ā ā ] [] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 


 


 

 


[ō ] [a  a ā a ē ] [a  ā ā ] [ a ā a ] [ē a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]




  [h]
[a  a ā ā ]
• • • • •

 [ḷ]
1 -71 

  
 

  






[] [ō] [ ā] [ā a a a] [ i a] [ ē  ā ē ] • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
29
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


  


 


 
 

 

 


[ i ā] [u  ā ] [u ō  ā ] [ i  ā ] [ a u  ā ] [a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 





 

 


  
[ō a a ] [ a a] [ā i ā] [ ē  ā ē ] [ ā ] [ ō  ā ] [a i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   

 


 
 
[a u a ] [a ē a ] [ a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a ] [  ā a a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    


 


  
 
  
[ā i ā] [i ū a] [ u  a] [ ō  a] [a i] [ a] [a ā] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
   
    

  
 
 

 


[ā a ē ] [ē ] [] [i  ē] [i ū a] [i ā  a] [a   ā ] [] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 


  

 


[ i ] [a  u  ā ] [a  ā  ā ] [u a ū a] [u  ā a] [i  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




    


 

 


 


[ē  ā a] [i ū a] [ā  ā ā ] [i  a  ā a] [ā  ā a] [a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 


 

 


 


[a  ā  ā a] [ā  ā a] [ ā ā ] [a  a ā a] [ ā ā ] [ a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


  



 
 

  
 
[i ō ā ā ] [a a a  ā] [ ā u  ā ] [ē a ] [] [i  ē] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

[i ā  a] [u   ā ]
• • • • • • •

1 -72  
   
  

 

 

[ō] [] [i ] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē  ] [ā ā  ō] [ō ] • • • • • • • • • • •





[ a ā ō ]
• • • •

1 -73 
 


    

  
 

[ē a  a] [ ā] [i ū a] [i ā  a] [a a a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -74 



 
[ i  ā  ā ō] [i  ō]
• • • • • • • •

( 1 -1.1.1.2
1.1.1.2))

 ( 1 -1.1.1.2
1.1.1.2))
# [a   a ] • • • •
#

1 -75 
   
 

 

   

 



[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē ā  a] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 


  
  


 

  
[a  i] [ā  ē ] [ ā ē ā] [a ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [] [ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  


 

  

 

 
  
   

[i ] [u a  a] [ ā ē ā] [a    a] [ā ā ] [ē ā i] [i ā ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
 

 
   




 
  
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ū] [ē ā  ā  a] [ā i a ā] [ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
30
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

   

 


 

   
    


[i  ō] [ ā ō] [ē  a  i ] [a ] [ō] [ā] [a  ] [ē] [i ū] [ū  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


       


 

 
  [kʰ]
[ā a a ē] [i ā ] [ē ]
• • • • • • [ē] [i ū] [ē  a ] • • • • [ a  i ā] • • • • [ē a] •

 [g]
   
 
    
 
 
  
[i ū a] [ ō] [ i ]
• • • • • [ā ē ] [ a ] [ā ē ]
• • • • • • [ i ] [ ]
• • • [ i a ]• • •
 [gʰ]



 

  
    



 
       [ṅ]
[ ā ] [] [ō] [ē a] [i ū a] [ē  ō ] [i a  a] [ō] [ō] [i ] [ i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

 
  


 

  

  
[a  ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē   ] [ē  a a] [  i ] [] [ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

  

  
  
  

 

 

  [j]
[i ] [ē ā  a] [i ā ] [ i ā] [i  ā a] [ā ā ] [ i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -76 

    
    


 

 
[] [ō] [ā] [a  ] [ē ] [ō] [i ] [ē  a ] [] [ō] • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

      


 


   


  
 

  [ṭ]
[ō] [i ] [a] [i  ā a] [ē  ē a] [u i ā] [ē  ē a] [a ā] [a  ā] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


       

       
  


 [ḍ]
[] [ō] [ā] [a  ] [a] [i  ā a] [u i ā] [a ] [i  ō] [ i] [ ] [] • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

 
  


  [ḍʰ]

[ō] [ō] [i ] [a ā] [a  ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ]• • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -77 

         



 
 

 [t]
[] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [a] [i u] [ē  ō u] [] [ā  ō] • • • • • • •




 

  
     
 
   [tʰ]

[ ā] [i ā  a] [a a a] [i ] [a] [ā  ō] [a  ā] [ē  a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]



  
 


 

  
    [dʰ]
[ ē   ] [a a] [ā  ō] [ ā] [i ā  a] [a a a] [a ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   




 
 
  
   


  [n]

[ u i  ā] [ō] [ a ā  ā ā ] [] [ā  ō] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • [a] [ō ] [ u  a]  • • • •
[p]

  

 
 

 
 


  

  [pʰ]
[ā  ō] [ ō  a] [a  ū a] [a ā  a] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • [  a] [ a ] • • • •


    
 
 

  
   
  [b]

[ā ] [a] [ā  ō] [ē a] [ ā ē] [a  ē] [a  i ā] [] [a i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 
 
 
 
 
 
 


  [m]
[ā   a] [ u a] [ u a] [ a] [ u] [] [ā  ō] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]






 

  
  


  





[ ē  ā ē ] [ ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [ ā ā ] [ē] [ā  ā ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



 
 
 
 

  


 

   [l]
[ū  ō] [a ā ō] [ē a] [ā  ō] [a  a ā a] [ā] [ ā ā ] [ a ā a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
 


 

  
 


 


 


[i ō ā ā ] [] [ē a] [ā  ō] [a  a ā a ē ] [a  ā ā ] [ a ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



 


 

         





  [h]
[ē a ā a] [a  a ā ā ] [] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [a] [i u] [ ē  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

  


 

 



[ i ā] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u]
• • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
31
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -78 

  
 

 
 

 


   
[] [ō] [ ā] [ē a i] [ ā ē] [ē a i] [ ē] [i  a a] • • • • • • • • • • •




     
      
 

[a  ā ā ē ā] [a] [i u] [ u ] [a a] [] [a] [i ] [a  ā] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

  

 
  
 


[a a] [ ē  ] [a a] [ ā ] [] [u ō] [ ā] [ u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 


  
 


  

[ō ] [ ō  a] [a  ū a] [a ā  a] [ a  a] [  a] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
 
 
 

  
   

[ā ] [a] [ō ] [ē a] [ ā ē] [a  ē] [a  i ā] [] [a i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
 
 
 
 


[ā   a] [ u a] [ u a] [ a] [ u] [] [ ā] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • •







 

  
  


  





[ ē  ā ē ] [ ā ā ] [a ō] [ē  ō] [ō] [ ā ā ] [ē] [ā  ā ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
  
 
 

  


[ū  ō] [a ā ō] [ a] [ē] [ō ] [ā  a ] [ō  a ] [ ē] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

 

     
 
  


[a i a] [] [ē ] [a  ā] [a  ā ē] [a  ā a] [a i a] [ a] [ē] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
      
   
 

 


[a  a a ] [ ē] [a  ā a] [a i a] [] [ē ] [a  ā] [a  ā ē] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
 


    
 

[a i a] [ a] [ē] [ō ] [a ā  ā  ā] [ā i ā ] [a a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
     
   
 

 


[ ō  ū ā ] [a  ā a] [a i a] [] [ē ] [a  ā] [a  ā ē] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

       




 

 

  
[a i a] [a] [i ] [ē ] [ ō  ā a ] [ō ] [ a] [ā] [ a  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




      
 
 
 
 


[ a a] [ā] [u a] [] [ē ] [a a  ā] [ā a ] [ē ā] [ a] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
 
 

  


[ ā a] [u  i] [ ā a] [ a] [ a  ] [ ō  ā a ] [ō] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 

 

 
 
 
  
 
[ā a ] [ē ā] [ a] [ ā] [ ā a] [u  i] [ ā a] [ a] [ a  ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
   
 

 


 
[ā ] [a] [ō ] [a] [a] [ a a a] [ā  a a] [ a a] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
  
   
  
 


[ō  a  a] [ a a] [ a  ā a i] [ ā a i ] [ē a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  


  
 

  
  


[a  a ā a] [ā] [ ā ā ] [ē] [ē a ] [] [i  ē] [ a] [i ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



[u   ā ]
• • • •

1 -79  
   
  

 


[ō] [] [i ] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē  ] [a  ō] • • • • • • • • •




 
 

 
 



[ a ā  ā ] [ā ā  ō] [ō ] [ a ā ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
32
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -80 
 


    

  
 

[ē a  a] [ ā] [i ū a] [i ā  a] [a a a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

 [kʰ]
1 -81 
 
 [g]
[a   a ] [i  a]
• • • • • •

 [gʰ]

 [ṅ]

 [c]






  [cʰ]
( 1 -1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3)) ( 1 -1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3))
# [a  ā  ā ] • • • • •
#  [j]

 [jʰ]

1 -82 
   
 

 
 

 
  [ñ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [ē ā  ā] [a  u  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ṭ]
  

   

  

 
[i ū] [ā  a a] [u i ] [ā  a a] [ i ] [ā  a a] [ā i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]



   

   

  

 

  [ḍ]
[ā  a a] [u i ā] [ā  a a] [ i ā] [ā  a a] [ā i ā] [ ō  ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḍʰ]

   
  
 


   
[ i ā] [i a] [ a a ā ] [u a a] [ ā  a ā] [ē  a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]



  

  

 

 
   


 
    [t]
[ ē i ] [ē] [ ē ] [ ē ] [ā i  ē ] [u ā] [ō  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [u ā] •

 [tʰ]



 
   

 
 

 
   
[ō  ē ] [u ā] [ā a a a] [ā a a] [ a  i ā] [ē a] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • []  [d]


  
 


  


  


  [dʰ]
[ a] [a ē] [ā a ] [u  ō] [] [a  ō] [] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [n]



 
  
 



 



 
  

[a  ō] [ a] [a ē] [ā a ] [ a  ō] [ ē a ā] [ a  ā] [ a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]


    
 
  
  
 
   [pʰ]
[a  u ā] [ē] [ a] [ē a] [ ā ē] [a  ē] [a  i ā] [ā a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [b]


 
 
 
 
 
     
 [bʰ]
[ā   a] [ u a] [ u a] [ a] [ u] [ ā ] [ē ] [ a] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   


    

 

 
  [m]

[ā a ] [  ā ] [ ō] [a  ē] [a a a] [  ā ] [ a  a] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [y]

  
 

 
 



    
 
 [r]
[ a] [ a  ā] [ ā a] [a ā a] [u  a ā  a a] [ō  a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 





 

 
  
 


  [l]

[a ā a] [ā  ā  ō  u ā] [  ā ] [ā ] [a ē] [ā a ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [v]


 


 



  

 
 


  [s]
[ē  a a] [ā ō ē  ] [ē  ā  ō ] [ō] [ā a ā] [ā a ō] [ē ā  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
 

 


 

 


  [h]

[a  u  ā a] [ i  i ā] [ē ] [ ā] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ḷ]


 


  [ŋ̊]
[ē  a a] [ā ō ē ]
• • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
33
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -83 


 
 



  


  
[a ā  ē a] [ā a ] [ ā ō] [a] [ ā  ō] [a  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 


 

 

  

[a  u  ā a] [ā] [ā  ā] [ā  ā a] [ā ā  a] [i ā  a] [a a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





[ ū   ā ]
• • • • •

1 -84 

  
 

 
 

 


  

[] [ō] [ ā] [ē a i] [ ā ē] [ē a i] [ ē] [a i] [ a] • • • • • • • • • •


   

   
   
  
 



[a ā] [i ū] [ā a ē ] [ō] [i  ē] [i a] [ a a ā ] [u a a] [ ā  a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  


  

  


     
[ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [ō] [ā  ō] [] [ a ā ē a ō] [ō] [] [ō] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
 

 
  


  


[i a] [a a ā ] [u a a] [ā  a ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 

  
  

 

[ a ā ē a ō] [ē a ] [] [i  ē] [ a] [i ā  a] [u   ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -85  
      


  
 
[ō] [] [i ] [i ū a] [i ā ā   ā a ō] [i a] • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
 


    

 


[ a a ā ] [u a a] [ ā  a ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē  ] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 

    


[ a ā  ā ] [ā ā  ō] [ō ] [ a ā ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -86  
   

 

 


 


[ō] [ ā ] [ō] [ā  ō] [ ā u ō] [ ā a ō] [ ā ā ō] [ ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 



 
  
     
 
[ ā  ō] [ ā  ā ] [ ā ō  ō] [ē ō] [ā] [ ō] [ā] [a  ō] [ā] [ē ō] [u ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ ā ]• •

1 -87     


    

 

  
[i ū ] [i  ō ] [i ] [i ā  a] [a  ō ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 




   

   

   
     
[i  ō ] [i ] [ a ā ] [i ] [ i ā ] [i ] [ē ] [i ū ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 




  
    
   
   
  
[ ] [ ē ] [ a a ō ] [i ] [a ō] [i ] [ā ō] [i ] [ē ō] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   

 
 

 
 

 




[ ē ō] [i ] [ a ē ] [a ē ] [a  u ē ] [a ē ] [ u ē ] [ā ā  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    
    

 
 


[ a a ō ] [i ] [a ] [ā a] [i ] [ a ē ] [a ē ] [a  u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 


  
  
 
  
 

[a ē ] [ u ē ] [ā ā  ē ] [ a a ō] [ a] [ a i] [a ē] [ i ē ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
[i ū ] • •

1 -88 
    
 

   
 
[i ā ] [i ō] [i ā] [   i ā] [ i  i ā] [ a ā i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
34
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 
 

 
 
  
 
 

[a ] [ā a] [   i ā] [ a] [ a i] [a ē] [ i ē ā] [i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

1 -89 
 
  

  
  

 
 
  [kʰ]
[ā  a] [ā ] [a] [ ā] [a a a] [i ā  a] [ē a] [ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

 
 
 
 
 

  
 
[ā ] [a i] [i ] [ē ] [u ] [ā   ā a ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

1 -90   

  
 


   
  [ṅ]
[i a] [ a a ā ] [u a a] [ ā  a ā ] [a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]


 
     
   

[u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [ a a ā ā] [a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



     
   [j]
[u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -91 
  
 

 
  
[ a ] [i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 
    
    


 
 

  [ṭ]
[ a a ā ā] [] [i  ē] [i ] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
  
 

 



 

 
  



 [ḍ]
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


 



  


 




  [ḍʰ]

[ ā  ā a] [a  ā ō] [ā ā  ā a] [a  ā ō] [ā  ē  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
 


  

  


  




  



 [t]
[a  ā ō] [i  ā a] [a  ā ō] [i  ā  ā a] [a  ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


 



  


 
   [tʰ]

[a  ā a] [a  ā ō] [ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [a ū ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [u a]  •
[d]
  
  
 
   

 
  [dʰ]
[a a  a ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ] [i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ō ]
•

    

  [n]

[i ā] [] [ a a ā ā]

• • • • •
 [p]
1 -92 

  
  


 
 

  [pʰ]
[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •

  
 

 



 

 
  


   [b]

[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]




  


 
    

  [m]
[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [a ū ā a] [a a] [a a  a ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


  
  
  
 

[i ā ē ] [ē] [a ū ā a] [a a] [a ū ā a] [i a] [a ū ā a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]


 
 
 
 
 
 
  [l]
[a ū ā a] [ā   a] [a ū ā a] [u ē a] [a ū ā a] [ a ā a] [a ū ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 
  
 
 

 

[ā  a] [a ū ā a] [a  ā  a] [a ū ā a] [a ē ā  a] [a ū ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

  
 
 
 




 
 

  [h]
[ ā  a ā  a] [a ū ā a] [ ā ā  a] [a ū ā a] [ ā i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
  

 

 
   

 


[a a  a ] [] [i ā ē ] [a ū ā a] [ ] [a a ] [] [i ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
35
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 

  
 

  
 



[a ū ā a] [ ā  ō] [a a ] [a ū ā a] [ā ā  ō] [a a ] [a ū ā a] [ā  ē ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
       


  

[a a ] [a ū ā a] [i  ō] [a a ] [a ū ā a] [i  ā  ō] [a a ] [a ū ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 

   
 

 

[a  ō] [a a ] [a ū ā a] [ a  u  ō] [a a ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
     

[i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -93 

  
  


 
 


[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •

  
 

 



 

 
  


 
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


 
 

    


[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [] [ ā a] [u a] [a a  a ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 

 

  

 

  


[i ā ē ] [ē] [] [ ā a] [ a  u  ō] [a a ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē] [ ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


 

  

 

  


[u a] [a a  a ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē] [ ā a] [ a  u  ō] [a a ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
    

 

  

[i ā ē ] [ē] [a ā a] [u a] [a a  a ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē] [a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 

  
    
[ a  u  ō] [a a ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē] [ō ] [ē] [u a] [a a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  
   
  

 
 

[] [i ā ē ] [ē] [ō ] [ē] [ a  u  ō] [a a ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
     

[i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -94 

  
  


 
 


[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •

  
 

 



 

 
 


 
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


 

 

 

 

 

[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [ā  a] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 


[ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā  a] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ i] [ ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  

 

 

  
 

 


[] [i ā ē ] [u a] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [  a] [ ā  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 


[i ā ē ] [ ā  i] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā  ē] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

[i ē] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā a] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 

  

 

 

  


[ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [a u] [ ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  

 

 

  

 


[] [i ā ē ] [ a a] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a a] [ ā  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
36
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



  

 

 
  
  
 
[i ā ē ] [i a] [ ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [u ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • [ a] [ a] [  a]
• • • •
 [k]





 

 

 
  
 

 
  [kʰ]
[ u  ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ]
• • • • • • • •

 [g]
    

[i ā] [] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • •
 [gʰ]

1 -95 

  
  


 
 

  [ṅ]
[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •

 [c]
  
 

 



 

 
  


 
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]





  


 
     


 

  [j]
[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [ā ā] [ē] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • [ā] [ ā] [ō ē a ā ] []
• • • • •

 [jʰ]


        

 

 

 
 
[i ā ē ] [ ā] [ē] [a ] [ō] [ ā] [ō ē a ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • [] [i ā ē ] [ā ā] [ē] • • • •
 [ñ]

    


 

 

 
       [ṭ]
[a ] [ō] [ ā] [ō ē a ō ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ] [ē] [a ] [ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]



 

 

       


 


 [ḍ]
[ō ē a ā ] [] [i ā ē ] [u ō] [ē] [a ] [ō] [ ā] [ō ē a ō ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



        


 

 

 


   [ḍʰ]

[i ā ē ] [ ā] [ē] [a ] [ā] [ ā] [ō ē a ā ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ā ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
    


 

 

 

     
 [t]
[a ] [ā] [ ā] [ō ē a ā ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā  ā] [ē] [a ] [ē] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 

       


 

  [tʰ]

[ō ē a ā ] []

• • • • [i ā ē ] [i ā] [ē] [a ] [ē] [ ā] [ō ē a ā ] []
• • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


 
  
 

 
     
  [dʰ]
[i ā ē ] [ē a ]
• • • • • [i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -96 

  
  


 
 

  [n]

[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •
 [p]
  
 

 



 

 
 


   [pʰ]
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  


 
     

 

  [b]

[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [ā ā] [ē] [a ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • [a] [ō    ] [] • • • •
 [bʰ]


       

 

 

 
    [m]
[i ā ē ] [ ā] [ē] [a ] [ō] [a] [ō    ] []
• • • • • • • • • [i ā ē ] [ā ā] [ē] [a ]
• • • • •

 [y]
  

 

 

 
     


[ō] [a] [ō    ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ] [ē] [a ] [ā] [a] [ō    ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



 

      

 

 

     [l]
[] [i ā ē ] [u ō] [ē] [a ] [ō] [a] [ō    ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ā] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
   

 

 

 


    
[a ] [ā] [a] [ō    ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ā ] [ē] [a ] [ā] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



 

 

 

     
 

  [h]
[ō    ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā  ā] [ē] [a ] [ē] [a] [ō  a  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]


      
 

 

 
 
[i ā ē ] [i ā] [ē] [a ] [ē] [a] [ō  a  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
37
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 

 
 

 

 
    
 

[a ] [ē ā a] [ i ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ō] [ē] [a ] [ē ā a] [ i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

     
 
 

 

  
[] [i ā ē ] [ a] [ē] [a ] [ē ā a] [ i ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [a ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 
 

 

     
 

[a ] [ē ā a] [ i ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a a] [ē] [a ] [ē ā a] [ i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

     
 
 

 

 
[] [i ā ē ] [ a a] [ē] [a ] [ē ā a] [ i ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 
 

 

 
  

[ē] [a ] [ē ā a] [ i ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
     

[u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -97 

  
  


 
 


[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •

  
 

 



 

 
  


 
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


 
 

 

  
 


[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [u  a ] [] [i ā ē ] [] [ a ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 

  
 

 

 
[i ā ē ] [u  a ] [] [i ā ē ] [] [ a ] [] [i ā ē ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  
  

 

 

  
 


[u  ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [] [ ā  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • [i ā ē ] [] [ ā  ] []
• • • • • •



 
 

 
 

 
   

[i ā ē ] [ā  ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • [ō] [i  ē] • •



 
     

[u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -98 
  
 

 
  
[ a ] [i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
    


 
 


[a a ā ā] [] [i  ē] [i ] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

 



 

 
  


 
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


   
 
 
 

[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [u a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

     
 
[i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -99 

  
  


 
 


[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •

  
 

 



 

 
  


 
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


   
 

 

 
[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [a a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 

   
 

 

 

[a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [i a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
38
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
 

 

 
  
 

 


[a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā   a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


  
 

 

  
  
 

  [kʰ]
[u ē a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a ā a] [a a ā  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


    
  

 

  
  

[i ā ē ] [ā  a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [a  ā  a] [a a ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]



 

 

  
 

 

   
 
  [ṅ]
[] [i ā ē ] [a ē ā  a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ā  a ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
 
 

 

 




  
 

 


[a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ ā ā  a] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

   

  

 

   

 

  [j]
[ ā i] [a a ā  ] [] [i ā ē ] [  ] [a] [ā ē  ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]


 


  

 

 

 


  


[i ā ē ] [ ā  ō ] [a] [ā ē  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ā ā  ō ] [a] [ā ē  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 

 



  

 

 

  
   [ṭ]
[] [i ā ē ] [ā  ē ō ] [a] [ā ē  ] [] [i ā ē ] [i  ō ] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 

 

  



  

 

 


 [ḍ]
[ā ē  ] [] [i ā ē ] [i  ā  ō ] [a] [ā ē  ] [] [i ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  

 

   


  

    [ḍʰ]

[a  ō ] [a] [ā ē  ] [] [i ā ē ] [ a  u  ō ] [a] [ā ē  ] []  [ṇ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
      
 
 [t]
[i ā ē ] [ē a ] [i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] [] [a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -100 

  
  


 
 

  [tʰ]

[] [ā] [] [u a  ō] [ ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ō] • • • • • • • •
 [d]
  
 

 



 

 
  


   [dʰ]
[i  ā a] [a   ā ō] [ ā  ā ō] [ u  ā ō] [ ā a] [a  ā ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  


 
   
 

 

   
 [n]

[ a  u  ā a] [a  ā ō] [ a] [ē] [u ē ā ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē] [ a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]
  
 

 
 
  

   
     [pʰ]
[ē] [ ā   ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ] [ē] [] [ā] [] [ē] [i] []
• • • • • • • • •

 

 

 

     
 

  [b]

[ē] [u ē ā ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē] [i] [] [ē] [ ā   ] []
• • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


   

 

 

     [m]
[i ā ē ] [] [ a ō] [u ē ā ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē] [] [ a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


 
   
 
 

 

 

 
[ ā   ] [] [i ā ē ] [ u ā a] [u ē ā ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]


 

 
  
 
  
  [l]
[ u ā a] [ ā   ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 
    

[u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ] [i ā] []
• • • • • • • • • [a a ā ā] • • •
 [s]

1 -101 
   
  




   [h]
[ā ] [ā] [ a ā ] • • • • [a ] [u  ē  ā ] [ā]
• • • • • •

 [ḷ]





  




  




  





[a  ē  ā ] [ā] [a  ē  ā ] [ā] [i ā ē  ā ] [ā] [ ē  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
39
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 




  





   





 
[ā] [ā    ē  ā ] [ā] [u ē  ē  ā ] [ā] [ a ā  ē  ā ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •








   





  






 
[ā  ē  ā ] [ā] [a  ā  ē  ā ] [ā] [a ē ā  ē  ā ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 





  








  






[ ā  a ā  ē  ā ] [ā] [ ā ā  ē  ā ] [ā] [ ā  ē  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 



  






  






 
[ā] [ ē  ā ] [ā] [ ā  ē  ā ] [ā] [ā ā  ē  ā ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •









   




   







 
[ā  ē  ē  ā ] [ā] [i  ē  ā ] [ā] [i  ā  ē  ā ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •








  






  
 


 
 

[a  ē  ā ] [ā] [ a  u  ē  ā ] [ā] [ē ] [ā ā ē ] [ē ] [i ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

 

 
   
 

 

[ē ] [ i ē ] [] [i ā ē ] [ē a] [ō] [i  ē] [u a ā  a a ē ] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


[i ā] [] [a a ā ā]
• • • •

1 -102 
  
  
  
    
 

[ a ] [i  ē] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [] [i  ē] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 


 

[ā ā ē ] [ē ] [i ē ] [ē ] [ i ē ] [i ā] [a a ā ā] [ō ] [ē ] [ā ā ē ] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 
   
  
  
 
[i ē ] [ē ] [ i ē ] [u a  ō] [i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    
  
  
   

[u a  a ] [a  ē] [i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [i  i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  
  
   
  
[i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [i  i a ] [a  ē] [i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
  
  

   
  
 
[a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ē   ō] [i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
   
 
  
 
[ō ] [i ā] [ē   a ] [a  ē] [i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




    
  
  
  



[ē  ā ] [a  ē] [i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ a ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
  
  


  
[a  ē] [i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ ē ] [ a a ] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

     

  
  
  


[i a] [a a ā ] [ō] [] [] [ ā ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ a  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
     

 
  

[ a ] [a  ē] [i a] [a a ā ] [ō] [] [] [ ā ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 
    
     


[i ā] [ ē ] [ a ] [a  ē] [i a] [a a ā ] [ō] [] [] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
  

     
 
[ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ a  ē ] [ a a ] [a  ē] [i a] [a a ā ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
  
  

   

[] [] [ ā ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ ā ] [i a] [a a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
40
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
  
  

   
  
  
 
[ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ ā ] [i a] [a a ā ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]





 
  
   
  


  

  [kʰ]
[ ā ē  ā ō] [ā ē ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ā ē  ā ō] [] [ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
 
  
  
 
  
   
  
[ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [ i u ] [ā ē ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [i u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

   

   
  
   
     
    [ṅ]
[] [ā ē ] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā] [a  ō] [ā] [] [] [ā ē ] [ a a ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

      
  
  
 
[ō ] [i ā] [ē a] [ō] [i  ē] [ a a ā ā] [ō ] [i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

1 -103 

 
     

  [j]
[ē  a ō] [ā ] [ō] [ō] [ a a ō] [ā  a ō]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]



  

 
 
  
 

[ a ō] [u u a] [ō  a  a] [ a a] [ a  ā a ] [ē ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 
  [ṭ]
[ē  a ō] [ā ]
• • • •
 [ṭʰ]



 1 -104 
  
  


 


 [ḍ]
[ ē ] • • [ā ] [ō] [ i ē ] [ i a] [a  ā ē ] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 


 
 


 
  [ḍʰ]

[a  ō] [ a a ]

• • • • • [ ē ē ] [ē ō] [ ē ] [ā ]
• • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -105 

 


  
 

 
  

 [t]
[a  ō] [ a ā  ā   ] [ a ā  i  ā ] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

 
 

 

 
  
  [tʰ]

[a a] [ ē i ā] [a  ō] [ō ] [ a  u  ō] [ ē ] [ u i  ā] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]

 

 


  
  [dʰ]
[u ] [a  ō] [ a ā  ā   ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -106 

 
  
 
   
  [n]

[ā ā  ō] [ō  ] [  ā ] [ā ] [ ō] [ a i ō] [ a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 



  


   
  

  [pʰ]
[ē ] [   a  ē ] [  u] [ē  ē ] [i ] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 
 
 

 
  [b]

[a  ō] [ō ] [ a  u  ō] [ē ] [u ] [ā ā  ō] [ō  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -107 


 
 
 

 

 


  [m]
[ a ā ō ] [a ā ō] [ā ] [ē  a a] [ē u ē ō] [ i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

 
 
       
 
 



[ē ō] [a ā ō] [ā ] [ō] [ē ] [a i] [a ] [ē ] [u ] [ a ā ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]
1 -108     

 


 
  [l]
[i ō] [i  ō] [ u i ] [ u i ] [ a ā  i ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]




 




 






[ ō a  ā] [ u  ō a  ō] [ u  ō a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]








   
   
  
  

  
   [h]
[ a ā  ō a  ō] [ ō] [a  ā] [ u  a  ō] [ u  a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]



  
  
  

 



[ a ā  a  ō] [ ō] [ ā] [ u  ō] [ u  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
41
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1






[ a ā  ō]
• • • •

1 -109 
  
  
  


[ u i  ā] [ ō] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 
  

  

  
[ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a  a ē] [a ā  a ē] [ ē] [ u i  ā] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
  
  

  

[ a ā  i  ā] [ ō] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē a a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  

  





[ā ā  a ] [a  a ē] [a ā  a ē] [ ē] [ u  ō a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •







 






 
  

[ u  ō a  a ] [ a ā  ō a  a ] [ ō] [a ē] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

   
 
 
  

 
[a a] [ ē a a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a  a ē] [a ā  a ē] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
    
  

  

[ u  a  a ] [ē] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē a a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  

  
  


  
 
[ā ā  a ] [a  a ē] [ ē] [ u  a  a ] [ a ā  a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 



   

[ u  a ] [ u  a ] [ a ā  a ] [ē] [a ē] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

   
 
 
 
[a a] [ ē a a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a  a ē] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -110    



   
  

[i u ] [ē  i a] [ a  ē] [ u i  ā] [a  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

   
 
    


  
[a  ā a] [ ē  a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [i u ] [ē  i a] [ a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   

  

 

   
 

[ u i  ā] [a ā  a a] [ a] [a  ā a] [ ē  a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


  

  


 
[i u ] [ē  i a] [ a  ē] [ u i  ā] [ a ā  i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






 





 







[ u  ō a  a ] [ u  ō a  a ] [ a ā  ō a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

  

 

   
 

[a  a a] [a ā  a a] [ a] [a  ā a] [ ē  a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


   
  
  
  


[i u ] [ē  i a] [ a  ē] [ u  a  a ] [a  a a] [ a] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 
    


 
[ ē  a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [i u ] [ē  i a] [ a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  


  
  

 



[ u  a  a ] [ a ā  a  a ] [ u  a ] [ u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
  

 

  

[ a ā  a ] [a  a a] [ a] [a  ā a] [ ē  a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
42
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -111      

      


[i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



 

 
   


 

 
 

  [kʰ]
[a  a ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
 

 

 
   
  
     
[ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [i  a a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


      

 

 

 
   [ṅ]
[ u i i] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
 

  

 
 

  

 

 


[ē] [ ē  a] [] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

  
 
      
      

  [j]
[ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]


 

 
   


  

 
 
[a  a ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [] [ā ] [ i a] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



  

 

 
   
  
       [ṭ]
[ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [i  a a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]

      

 

 

 
 
 [ḍ]
[ u i i] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

  

 
  
   
 

  [ḍʰ]

[ē] [ ē  a] [] [ā ] [ i a] [] [ā ] [ a] [] [ā ] [u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

   
  
      
     
 [t]
[ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [i u ] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 

 
   


  

  [tʰ]

[ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]

  
   
 

  

   
  [dʰ]
[ i a] [] [ā ] [ a] [] [ā ] [u  a] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -112      

      

  [n]

[i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]



 
 

 
   


 

  [pʰ]
[a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  

 

 
   
  
    [b]

[ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


   
  [m]
[ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • •

 [y]
1 -113      
  

  
[i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [ā  a i] [u a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  [l]
[u a a] [ a a] [ a] [a ā  a] [ a] [ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [ē] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 
 
 
 
     

 


[ā ā  a ] [ a] [ē u ē ] [ā  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

 


 
 

 
   


 

  [h]
[a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

 

  

 

 
   
    
[ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ē] [] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
43
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



   

[ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • •

1 -114      


  


 
[i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [ a ā  i i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •






 





 







[ u  ō a  a] [ u  ō a  a] [ a ā  ō a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    


 

  


 
 


[i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   


 

 
 

  

 


[   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
  
   
   

[ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -115      







 

 
[i  a a  ā] [ a ā  ō a  a] [ā  a a] [u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[a a] [u a a] [ a a] [ a] [a ā  a] [ a] [ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 
 
 
 
     


[ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a] [ē u ē ] [ā  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  


 
 

 
   



[a  a ē ] [a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

  

 

 
   
  
[ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
   

[ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ] • • • •

1 -116      

  
  

  
 
[i  a a  ā] [ u  a  a] [ u  a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
      

 

 
 


[ a ā  a  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   


 

 
 

  

 


[   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
  
   
   

[ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -117      



  
  

  
[i  a a  ā] [ a ā  a  a] [ā  a a] [u a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   

[u a a] [ a a] [ a] [a ā  a] [ a] [ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [ē] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
 
     

 


[ā ā  a ] [ a] [ē u ē ] [ā  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 
   


 

 
 

 
[ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
   
     
   

[ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -118      


 


 




[i  a a  ā] [ u  a] [ u  a] [ a ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
44
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    


 

 
 

 
  
[i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]




 

 
 

  

 

 
  
   [kʰ]
[ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


   
   

[ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

1 -119      




 

    [ṅ]
[i  a a  ā] [ a ā  a] [ā  a a] [u a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   

[u a a] [ a a] [ a] [a ā  a] [ a] [ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [ē] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



 
 
 
 
     

 

  [j]
[ā ā  a ] [ a] [ē u ē ] [ā  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]

 

 
   


 

 
 


[ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 

 

 
   
     
    
 [ṭ]
[ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ṭʰ]
1 -120      
      


 [ḍ]
[i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  


 
 

 
 

  [ḍʰ]

[a  a ē ] [a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


 


 
 

 
 



 [t]
[ a  a ] [ a  ā ] [a  a ] [a  ā ] [a  a ] [ a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



    

 

 
 

  

  [tʰ]

[ a  a ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


 
   
  
   
   
  [dʰ]
[u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -121      

  

    [n]

[i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [ā  a i] [u a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  [pʰ]
[u a a] [ a a] [ a] [a ā  a] [ a] [ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [ē] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
 
     

 

  [b]

[ā ā  a ] [ a] [ē u ē ] [ā  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
 


 
 

 
 

 

  [m]
[a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [a  ā ] [ a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]



 
 

 
 


 

  
[ a  ā ] [a  a ] [a  ā ] [a  a ] [ a  ā ] [ a  a ] [ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




 

 
 

  

 

 
 
   [l]
[ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

   
   

[u a  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • •
 [s]

1 -122      


  


   [h]
[i  a a  ā] [ u i i] [ a ā  i i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]





 





 







[ u  ō a  a] [ u  ō a  a] [ a ā  ō a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
45
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    


 

  


 
 


[i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

 

 
 
 

[   ] [a  a ] [ a  a ] [ a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

   

 

 
 

 
[ a  a ] [ a  a ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
   
  
   
   

[ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -123      







 

 
[i  a a  ā] [ a ā  ō a  a] [ā  a a] [u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[a a] [u a a] [ a a] [ a] [a ā  a] [ a] [ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 
 
 
 
     


[ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a] [ē u ē ] [ā  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  


 
 

 
 

[a  a ē ] [a ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 
 
 


[ a  a ] [ a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ] [ a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



    

 

 
 

  

 


[ a  a ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
     
   

[ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -124      

  
  

  
 
[i  a a  ā] [ u  a  a] [ u  a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
  

 


 



   
[ a ā  a  a] [ u  a] [ u  a] [ a ā  a] [i u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

 
 

 
 

[a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 
 
 


[ a  a ] [ a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ] [ a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



    

 

 
 

  

 


[ a  a ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
  
   
   

[ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -125      




 

  
[i  a a  ā] [ a ā  a] [ā  a a] [u a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  

[u a a] [ a a] [ a] [a ā  a] [ a] [ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [ē] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
 
     

 


[ā ā  a ] [ a] [ē u ē ] [ā  a] [i u ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 
 
 

 

 

[ ē ] [a  ā a] [   ] [a  a ] [ a  a ] [ a  a ] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

 

   

 


[a  a ] [a  a ] [ a  a ] [ a  a ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
46
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 

  

 

 
   
    
[ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ē] [] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[k]



   
  [kʰ]
[ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • •

 [g]
1 -126         
   


[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ u i  ā] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]




 
  

  
   


  [ṅ]
[a  ā ē ] [a  a a] [a ā  a a] [ a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]


 
 

  

 

 
   
  

[ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

  
   
  [j]
[ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ] • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -127         
  

 

[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ u i  ā] [ā  a  ā] [u ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


 
 

 

 

 

 
 
  [ṭ]
[a ā ] [u a ā ] [ a ā ] [ ā ] [a ā  ā ] [ ā ] [ē u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


    
 
 

 
 
 

 
 [ḍ]
[a ā  ā ] [ē] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ ā ] [ē u ē ] [ā  ā ] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 
  

  
    [ḍʰ]

[ā ē ā] [a  ā ē ] [a  a a] [a ā  a a] [ a] [   ] [ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]



 

 
 

  

 

 
  
 
 [t]
[ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
   
  [tʰ]

[u a  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -128         

  


   [dʰ]
[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ u i  ā] [ a ā  i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






 





 






  [n]

[ u  ō a  a ] [ u  ō a  a ] [ a ā  ō a  a ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[p]
 
  
 
  

 
  

  [pʰ]
[ u  a  a ] [ u  a  a ] [ a ā  a  a ] [ u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 



  

 


 
  [b]

[ u  a ] [ a ā  a ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  ā ē ] [a  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
 
   


 

 
 

  

  [m]
[ a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


 
   
  
   
   

[u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]
1 -129        



 

  [l]
[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ a ā  a ] [ā  a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
   
 
 
 

[u a ] [a a ] [u a a ] [ a a ] [ a ] [a ā  a ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]


 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
  [h]
[ē u ē ] [a ā  a ] [ē] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a ] [ē u ē ] [ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
 

 


 
  
   



[a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  ā ē ] [a  a a] [ a] [   ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
47
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



 
 

  

 

 
   
  
[ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
   

[ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ] • • • •

1 -130         

   

 



[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ u i  ā] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

  
 
 



[a  a a] [a ā  a a] [ a] [   ] [a  a ] [ a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 

 

 


  
[ a  a ] [a  ā ] [a  a ] [a  ā ] [ a  a ] [ a  ā ] [ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 
 

  

 

 
  
 
[ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
   

[ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -131         

  

 

[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ u i  ā] [ā  a  ā] [u ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

 

 

 

 
 

[a ā ] [u a ā ] [ a ā ] [ ā ] [a ā  ā ] [ ā ] [ē u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



    
 
 

 
 
 

  


[a ā  ā ] [ē] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ ā ] [ē u ē ] [ā  ā ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
  

  
 
 



[a  ā ē ] [a  a a] [a ā  a a] [ a] [   ] [a  a ] [ a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 

 

 


  
[ a  a ] [a  ā ] [a  a ] [a  ā ] [ a  a ] [ a  ā ] [ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 
 

  

 

 
  
 
[ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
   

[u a  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -132        


  


 
[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ u i  ā] [ a ā  i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






 





 







[ u  ō a  a ] [ u  ō a  a ] [ a ā  ō a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
  

  
  


  
  


[ u  a  a ] [ u  a  a ] [ a ā  a  a ] [ u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 



  

 


 

[ u  a ] [ a ā  a ] [a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  ā ē ] [a  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 

 

 
 

[ a] [   ] [a  a ] [ a  a ] [ a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

   

 

 
 


[a  a ] [ a  a ] [ a  a ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

 
   
  
   
   

[ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -133         




 


[i  a a  ā] [i u] [ a ā  a ] [ā  a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
48
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

   

 
 
 

[u a ] [a a ] [u a a ] [ a a ] [ a ] [a ā  a ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
  [kʰ]
[ē u ē ] [a ā  a ] [ē] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a ] [ē u ē ] [ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
 

 


 
  
 

[a  ē] [ā ē ā] [a  ā ē ] [a  a a] [ a] [   ] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]



 

 
 
 
 

  [ṅ]
[ a  a ] [ a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ] [a  a ] [ a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]


    

 

 
 

  


[ a  a ] [ō] [ē] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



 
   
     
   
  [j]
[u  a] [ā ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ē] [] [ā ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -134      
 
 
 


[ ā] [i  a a  ā] [i ā  ā] [ē a] [i ā ē a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

1 -135    

    
   
   [ṭ]
[ā  a a  ā] [ō  a a  ā] [u  a a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]

   
  
 [ḍ]
[u  a  a a  ā] [a i a]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -136 
  


   
 
 
  [ḍʰ]

[a ē ] [a a] [ ē ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 


   
 
 

  


  

 [t]
[ a a] [ ē ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a ē ] [a a] [ ē ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 


   
   [tʰ]

[ā ā  a ] [ a ē ] [ a a] [ ē ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -137   
    
  
 

   [dʰ]
[i ] [u  i u ] [i  a ] [ u ō] [ā ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
 
 

   




  [n]

[ā ē a ā] [ u ō] [] [ā ] [ū  ō] [ā ē a ō] [i ] [u  ā  ē a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

  
 

  

 
  

 
  [pʰ]
[i  a ] [ u ō] [ā ] [ ō] [ā ē a ā] [ u ō] [] [ā ] [ū  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 
    
  
 

   [b]

[ā ē a ō] [ā  ē ō] [u  i u ] [i  a ] [ u ō] [ā ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 
  
 
 

 


  [m]
[ā ē a ā] [ u ō] [] [ā ] [ū  ō] [ā ē a ō] [ā  ē ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]





  
  
 

  

 

[u  ā  ē a ] [i  a ] [ u ō] [ā ] [ ō] [ā ē a ā] [ u ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

 
 
 

  [l]
[] [ā ] [ū  ō] [ā ē a ō]
• • • • • •

 [v]
1 -138    
 
 

 
  

[ ā a ] [ ā a a ] [ ā  a a ] [u a  a ] [i  i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



 

  [h]
[ē   a ] [ā  a  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

1 -139 




   [ŋ̊]
[a  ā  ā ō] [i  ō]
• • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
49
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

( 1 -1.1.1.4
1.1.1.4))




 ( 1 -1.1.1.4
1.1.1.4))
# [   a  u ā  ā ā]
• • • • • • • • •
#

1 -140 
  
[a  ] [a  u ā] []
• • • • •

    

[ ] [a ō] [] [i  ā]
• • • •




 
[ā  u  a ā] []
• • • • •




 
[a  ē  ē] [ ē]
• • • • •

1 -141 
    
[ā ā] [ ā] [ ] []
• • •


   
[ā ā] [] [] [a  ā]
• • •

  


[ē] [ ā] [ē  i a ] • • • • •


 

 
[ā    ā ] []
• • • • •

1 -142 

 

  
[u  ē ] [] [a ]
• • • •

  
 
[a ] [ a  ā]
• • • •


    
[ā ] [a ] [] [ē ] []
• • •





 
[a  ō  ō] [ ē]
• • • • •

1 -143  

 
[a  ē] [ a] [u ō]
• • • •


  
 

[ā a  ā] [ ō] [ ē]
• • • • •



    
[ē ā  ā] [ ō] [ā ā]
• • • • •

  


[ ē] [ā  a  ō]
• • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
50
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -144      

[ a ā] [a ā] [i  ]
• • • • •  [k]



 


   [kʰ]
[i  ā ā] [ā  ē ] []
• • • • • •

 [g]

  
  
[ē  ā] [a  ō] [ ]
• • • • •
 [gʰ]


  
  
  [ṅ]
[a  a a] [u  a  ō] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • •

 [c]

 [cʰ]

 [j]

( 1 -1.1.1.5
1.1.1.5))

 ( 1 -1.1.1.5
1.1.1.5))  [jʰ]
# [   a ] • • • •
#
 [ñ]

 [ṭ]
1 -145 
   
 

 

   
 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a  ā] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]

 

   

 


 

  
   [ḍ]
[a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ ā] [i ā  a] [a a a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḍʰ]
   

   
  
 


 

 

  
 
[] [ō] [ a] [ā ā  a] [ā a i] [ā a ō ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [ā a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

    

 
  [t]
[a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • •

 [tʰ]
1 -146 
   
 

 
 

 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [ē ā  ā] [a  u  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]

    

  
 


 
  

  [dʰ]
[i ū] [i a] [ a a ā ] [u a a] [ ā  a ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [n]

  

 


 

  
    
[ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ ā] [i ā  a] [a a a] [a ] [] [ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]



  
 
 


 

 

  
   [pʰ]
[ā ā  a] [ā a i] [ā a ā ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ā a i] [u ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [b]
 
   
 

[i  ē] [ā a ā] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

1 -147 
   
 

 

   
    
  [m]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


 
 
  

   


[ i   ] [ i ē ] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




 

  
     

   
  
  [l]
[ ā] [i ā  a] [a a a] [a ] [] [ō] [ a] [ā ā  a] [ā a i] [ā a ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]



 

 

     
    
 

[ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

1 -148 
   
 

 

   
    
  [h]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ḷ]


   
  

   

 
[ i   ] [a ō] [u ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
51
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    

   
 

[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -149 
   
 

 

   
    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 

 

 


 


[ i   ] [  a] [ ā ē ā] [ā   a] [ ā ē ā] [  a] [ ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 


 

   
 


[ē  a  a] [ ā ē ā] [ā  a  a] [ ā ē ā] [ ū  a  a] [ ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
  

   

 
[ a  a] [ ā ē ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

   
 
 (5-11)
[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -150 
   
 

 
  
  
    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i  ā  ō] [i ] [  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

  
   
  

 


  




[ a a] [ā  a] [a i ā] [ā a ō] [a u a] [a  ā a] [ ē ē ] [ā] [ā  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

      
 

   
 


[a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [a ā  ē a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -151 
   
 

 

 


 



[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [ā  ō] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

   

 
 

   

 


   
[i  ā] [ a  i ō] [ō ] [] [ō] [ō] [ā  ō] [u  a ā ] [i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
  

  
   

   
[ā a] [i ā ] [ i ā ] [ a] [ i ā] [  ō] [a ] [u  a ā] [i  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
 


   
 
  
 

[a ā a a] [i  ā  i a ā] [ā ē] [a ā ē ā] [ a] [ i ā] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

    

 

    

 

[  ] [] [ō] [ō] [ā  ō] [u  a a] [i  i] [u  ē ā] [ū ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



       

 


      
[u  a ā] [i  ] [i   a] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [i  ō] [i ū a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


   


 

 


     
 
[ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [i ū] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





[ ā  a  ā ]
• • • • • •

1 -152 
   
 

 

     
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  a ] [i  ō] [i  i a]
• • • • • • • • • • •


  
 


 

 


 


  
 

[ā  ū a] [ō ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā ā ] [i  ē] [a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 

 

 
    
 
[ a a] [ ē ] [ a  a] [ā  ē ] [a ā ] [i   ] [a  u] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

    

     
   
[ā a  ō] [i ū a] [i   ] [ā ā  ā] [ā] [ā a  ō] [i   a] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


          



    
   

[u ā u] [ā] [ā a  ō] [i ū a] [i   ] [ ā ā  ā] [ā ] [ā a  ] [ ā a  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
52
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -153 
   
 

 

    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  i ā] [i  ā] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


  
 


 

 


 


  
 
  [kʰ]
[ā  ū a] [ō ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā ā ] [i  ē] [a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
  

 

 

 
    
 
[ a a] [ ē ] [ a  a] [ā  ē ] [a ā ] [i ū ] [a  u] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

    

    

     
     [ṅ]
[ā a  ō] [i   a] [i ū ] [ā ā  ā] [ā] [ā a  ō] [i ū a] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

          



   
 
[u ā u] [ā] [ā a  ō] [i   a] [i ū ] [ ā ā  ā] [ā ] [ā a  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

  
  [j]
[ ā a  ]
• • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -154 
   
 

 

   
    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 
 
  

   
   [ṭ]
[ i   ] [ā  ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [  ā] [ē  a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 
 
  

   

   

[ ē ] [ ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ḍ]

     

 
 (16-18)
 [ḍʰ]

[a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ] • • • • • • •

 [ṇ]
1 -155 
   
 

 

   



 [t]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ā  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •


  

   

      
  [tʰ]

[ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
  
 
  [dʰ]
[ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • •


   
  

 

1 -156       
 [n]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ i  ō] [ō ] [ō]  • • • • • • • • • •
[p]

   
  

   

   

  [pʰ]
[ ā] [  ō] [a  ō] [a  ā a] [ ē ] [a  ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

   
 
  [b]

[ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -157 
   
 

 

    
   [m]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a ] [ō ] [ō]
• • • • • • • •

 [y]

    
  

 
 
 


 
[ ā] [  ō] [a  ō] [a  ā a] [a  ō] [a  a a] [ ē ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

 

     
  
 
  [l]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
1 -158 
   
 

 

   


  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [  a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • •
 [s]


 
 



 
 
       
 
  [h]
[a i ] [  ē] [a  ā  ā a ā] [ ō] [ō ] [ō] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]


 

 


 

 
   

 
[a  ā ē] [a  ā a] [ ē ē ā] [ ē ] [ ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
53
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    

   
 

[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -159 
   
 

 

   


  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [  a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • •


 
 



 
 
       
 

[a i ] [  ē] [a  ā  ā a ā] [ ō] [ō ] [ō] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 


 


 
   

   

[ ē] [a  ā a] [ ē ē ā] [a  ā ē ] [ ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

 

[a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • •


  1 -160 

 


 

   
 


[ē ] [ō] • [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā a ō] [ē  i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
   

      

[ i a] [a  ā ē ] []
• • • • • • [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • •



   
 

[ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •


  1 -161 

 


 

   
 
 


[ē ] [ō] • [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā    ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
   

      

[ i a] [a  ā ē ] []
• • • • • • [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • •



   
 

[ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -162 
   
 

 
 
   



[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [u  ō] [ā ] [i ] [ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
 

    


 

[a  ō] [ ā ] [a ] [a  ā] [i ] [ u a] [a ē] [ā  ē ] [a i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  



    
 

 

 
[ā] [a a ] [a  ā  a] [u  i ā] [ ē ] [a  ā a] [a  ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

  
     
 

 
  

[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā ] [a] [i ū ] [ā a] [ ā] [ā  i ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  



[i ] [ ā  a a ā ]
• • • • • • •

1 -163 
   
 

 

      
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ] [i u] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • •





 
  
  


 
 
 
 

[ē  ō ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ā ] [ a] [] [ē a] [a   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 


    
 
    
 
 
[ē ] [a ē] [ a] [ā  i ā ] [a] [ā] [ā ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

   

      
  

[i ] [ ā] [ ā ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -164 
   
 

 

      
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ] [i u] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
54
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1





 
  
  


 
 
 
 

[ē  ō ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ā ] [ a] [] [ē a] [a   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


   

 
  

 
     
 
  [kʰ]
[ē ] [a ē] [a] [ā ] [ a] [] [ā  i ā ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
   
 

   

      
  

[ō] [i ] [ ā] [ ā ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[gʰ]



  [ṅ]
[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

 [c]
1 -165 
   
 

 

      
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ] [i u] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]





 
  
  


 
 
 
 
  [j]
[ē  ō ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ā ] [ a] [] [ē a] [a   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]

  
 
 
 

  
 
 

[ē ] [a ē] [a a  a] [a ē ā] [] [ō ē ] [ē] [] [a ē ā] [a a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 
     
 
    
 

    [ṭ]
[ō ē ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ] [ō] [i ] [ ā] [ ā ] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


      
   
 
 (29-30)
 [ḍ]
[ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -166 
   
 

 

   
   [ḍʰ]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 
   
 
  

  
 [t]
[a ā  a] [  a] [a i ā] [a i] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



      
   
 
  [tʰ]

[ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -167 
   
 

 

   
   [dʰ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • •


 
 
 
   
 
  

   [n]

[ē u ē ] [a ā  a] [  a] [a i ā] [a i] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
 

     
  
 
  [pʰ]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -168 
   
 

 

   
   [b]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

 
 
 
   
 
  

   [m]
[ē u ē ] [ā  a] [  a] [a i ā] [a i] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
 

      
 

   
 

[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]
1 -169 
   
 

 

   
   [l]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • •

 [v]

   

    

 


 
[i   a] [a i ā] [a  ē] [ ē] [ a a] [a  ā a] [ ē ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

 

      
   
 
  [h]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
1 -170 
   
 

 

   
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
55
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


   

    

 


 
[i   a] [a i ā] [a  ē] [ ē] [a  a a] [a  ā a] [ ē ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

      
 

   
 

[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -171 
   
 

 

   

  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a  i ā] [i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
 
  
 

 
[ a  i ō] [ō ] [ā] [ā a  ā] [ ā ē] [a  ā] [a  ā ] [i  i ā ] [ ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



     
  
    


[] [ō] [ō] [i ] [ a] [a ā] [a  ā ] [a a i ā] [ i ē] [a  ā a] • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   

      
 

  

[ ā ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[u  a ā ]• • • •

1 -172 
   
 

 

   
 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā  ā] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 

   
  

 
 
 
[a a] [ ē ] [a  ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [ē  ā] [ē  a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  
  

   

 
[ ē ] [a  a ] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

   
 
 (37-40)
[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -173 
   
 

 

   
 
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ i  ō] [ō ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • •


 

         
 
 

[ā a] [ē  ā ] [ a] [ā] [u a] [ā] [ ā a ] [ē] [ i   ] [ē  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

  


 

 


 
    

[a a] [ ē ] [ē] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ē ] [ā] [ō] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
  
 


[ō  ō] [] [ā] [ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •


   
  

 
1 -174     
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [i  ā] [ē  a] • • • • • • • • • •

 


 
 

 

   

 
[a a] [ ē i ā  ] [ a ē] [i  ā ] [ ō ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

 

   
 


[ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [a ā  ē a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -175 
   
 

 

    



[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a  ē] [ā  ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •





   
  

  
   


[ ā  ā  ō] [ a ō] [ō ] [a ] [a  a ā ] [ā ū a a ā ] [ ] [a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


 
 

   
    
[i ] [a i ā] [a  ā ē] [  i ā] [ā  a a] [a ā] [a ā ] [i ū] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  


 

 

  
    
 


 


[a i ā] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [a ] [i  ē] [ā ā ē ] [a  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
56
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 
 

 
  

 

 






[a  a] [ō ] [ā ē ] [a ē ] [a ā ē ] [ā ē ] [u ā i  ā  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


   
  
 


 

 
 
 


  [kʰ]
[ ē ] [ō] [i  ē] [a  ā ā ē ] [a  ā a] [a  a] [ō ] [a ā  ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
 
 



      

 

 
 
[i  ē] [ ā ō] [a] [a ] [i  ō] [ā ē ] [a  ā a] [a  a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]



   
       
     
  [ṅ]
[ a] [ō] [i  ē] [i ] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [a ] [i  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
1 -176 
   
 

 

   
  


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā a  ā] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]





   
 

    
 

 
   [j]
[ ā  ā  ō] [ a ō] [ō ] [a  ā] [ō ā  ā] [a i ā] [a  ā ē] [  ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
  


 
 
 
  
 

 
 
[i ] [ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 

      
   
 
  [ṭ]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
1 -177 
   
 

 

   
  


 [ḍ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā a  ā] [a  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •





   
 

 
   
 

 

  [ḍʰ]

[ ā  ā  ō] [ a ō] [ō ] [a  ā] [ ā  ā] [a i ā] [a  ā] [a  ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
  

 



   

 
   
 [t]
[a i ā] [a  ā] [ō  ā  ā] [a i ā] [a  ā ē] [  ] [ō] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 
 
  
 

 
   [tʰ]

[ ē  a] [ā ] [ i a] [ā ] [ a] [ā ] [u  a] [ā ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
 

      
   
 
 (45-47)
 [dʰ]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -178 
   
 

 

   

 


  [n]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē ā  a] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]




  
    
 

 
  [pʰ]
[ ā  ā  ō] [ a ō] [ō ] [a  ā] [i ] [a i ā] [a  ā ē] [  i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 


  
    
   [b]

[ā  a a] [a ā] [ā a ā] [ ā ā] [ ā] [ō ] [ō] [i ] [ u i ā] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
  



   
 
     [m]
[i i] [ē  ō ] [u  a] [a a ] [ā ] [a a] [a a ] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


  
     
 

 

     

[ ō ] [ē] [ā ] [a] [i ū ] [ā a] [ ā] [ā ā  ] [ ā a ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




  [l]
[ ā a a ā ]
• • • • •

 [v]
1 -179 
   
 

 

   

 



[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē ā  a] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]





   
    
     
 

  [h]
[ ā  ā  ō] [u a] [ a ā ] [ a ō] [ō ] [a  ā] [i ] [a i ā] [a  ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

    

 
   

  
 
[  ] [ō] [i ] [ ā] [u ā ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā ] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
57
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

   
 

 
     
 



[i ū ] [ā a] [ ā] [ā  i ] [ ā a ] [i ] [ ā  a a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -180 
   
 

 

   

 



[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē ā  a] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •





   
    
     
 


[ ā  ā  ō] [u a] [ a ā ] [ a ō] [ō ] [a  ā] [i ] [a i ā] [a  ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    
 

   

  
 
[  ] [ō] [i ] [a  i ā] [ a ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā ] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 

 
     
 



[i ū ] [ā a] [ ā] [ā  i ] [ ā a ] [i ] [ ā  a a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -181 
   
 

 

   

 



[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ē ā  a] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •






 



  
   
  


[ū ā ā  ā ā a] [ ā  ā  ō] [ā a] [ i ā] [ a ō] [ō ] [a ] [a  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   
   
 

 
   
[ā ū a a ā ] [ ] [ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i  ō] [a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

 

 

 
 

     
[ā a ] [ā ā ] [ā ā a] [ā  a ] [ ā    ā ō] [] [ō] [ā] [i  ō] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     


 
 

 
 
 


[i u] [a i ā] [a  ā ē] [  i ā] [ā  a a] [a ā] [ ū  ō] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 
   
       



[a ā] [a a ] [ā a ] [ā ō ē ā] [a  i ] [i ū] [ i a] [a i ā] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  
    
 


 

 
 
 


[ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [a ] [i  ē] [ā ā ē ] [a  ā a] [a  a] [ō ] [ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

 

 





 
   

[a ē ] [a ā ē ] [ā ē ] [u ā i  ā  a ē ] [ ē ] [ō] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 


 

 
 
 


  
 



 
[a  ā ā ē ] [a  ā a] [a  a] [ō ] [a ā  ē a] [i  ē] [ ā ō] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    


 

 
  

   
  
[a ] [i  ō] [ā ē ] [a  ā a] [a  a] [a ] [ a] [ō] [i  ē] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

      


  
  


[ ā a ] [i  ē] [a ] [i  ō] [ ā ā ] [i  ē] [ ā] [ a  a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

[ā a] [a  i ā] [ a   u ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -182 
   
 

 

 

    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [ā  a  ō] [i ] [ a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •




 
  

 

 
 


[ ā  ā ] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē i ā] [a  ō] [ a] [i  i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

 

   
 


[ā  a a] [a a ō] [a  ā a ē] [ā a a a] [ ā i] [a i ā] [ē  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

   

    
   


[ā ō ē ] [ā a ā] [ ā ] [ē  ā ] [ ā a ] [ā  ō] [ a ē ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -183 
   
 

 
   
 
 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā  ē] [ a ā] [ā ] [ ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
58
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 
    
     
 
[ a  a ā] [ō ] [ā] [ē a i  ā] [ō ] [ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



 
       



 
  
   [kʰ]
[a  ā a] [ē  ] [ā] [i u] [a i ā] [ē  ō ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]



 
 
 
 
 
  

 
 

[ ē ā ] [ a] [] [ē a] [a   ] [ē ] [a ē] [ū u  ā ] [a ē ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

    
 
  
  
  
 
   [ṅ]
[ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ] [ē] [ē ] [a ē] [ā  a] [a ē ] [ē ] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

 
 
  

 
 
  

[ a  a] [a ē ] [ē ] [a ē] [ a  ē] [a ē ] [ē ] [a ē] [ ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


 
   
 
  

 
 
  [j]
[a ē ] [ē ] [a ē] [a a i ē] [a ē ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē  a  a] [a ē ] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
 

 
 
  
  
 


[a ē] [a  a  ā ] [a ē ] [ē ] [a ē] [a ē ] [ a  i ā] [ō  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


     
 
    
 

   

  [ṭ]
[ē a] [ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ] [ō] [i ] [ ā] [ ā ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
     
 

   
 

 (53-61)
 [ḍ]
[ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [a ā  ē a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -184 
   
 

 
   
 
  [ḍʰ]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a  a] [a ā] [ā ] [ ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 
    
     
 
 [t]
[ a  a ā] [ō ] [ā] [ē a i  ā] [ō ] [ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
       



 
  
   [tʰ]

[a  ā a] [ē  ] [ā] [i u] [a i ā] [ē  ō ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]



 
 
 
 
 
  

 
   [dʰ]
[ ē ā ] [ a] [] [ē a] [a   ] [ē ] [a ē] [ū u  ā ] [a ē ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
  
 

 
     
 
   [n]

[ē ] [a ē] [a ē ] [ a  i ā] [ō  ā ] [ē a] [ē] [ ā a ] [ i   ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
  
 

   

     
 

  [pʰ]
[i ] [ ā] [ ā ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 

  [b]
(62-70)
[ā a ] [a ā  ē a ā ]
• • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -185 
   
 

 

 


     [m]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē ā  a] [i  ā  ā] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


    


 


 


 



[ ē ā] [i  ā] [i  ā ē u] [i  ā ā ] [i  ā ē u] [ā  ē  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




  
  

        [l]
[i  ā ē u] [ ō] [ā  i ] [ ō] [ā ē a ā] [ ō] [] [ā  i ] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
  
 (71-76)
[ ā a ]
• • •
 [s]

1 -186 
   
 

 

 


     [h]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē ā  a] [i  ā  ā] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]


 
 


  
  


  



[ ē ā] [ē  ā] [i  ā ē u] [a  ē] [i  ā ē u] [ ā] [i  ā ē u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
59
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

  
   

          
 (77-82)
[i ] [ā ] [i ] [ā ē a ō] [i ] [] [ā ] [i u ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -187 
   
 

 

 


  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē ā  a] [i  ā  ā] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • •



 
 


  
  

  
[ ē ā] [a  a a] [i  ā ē u] [ ō] [ā  i ] [ ō] [ā ē a ā] [ ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


     
 (83-84)
[ā  i ] [ i a] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -188 
   
 

 
  
    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [u  a  ō] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • •




 
 


  
  

 

   
[ ā  ā ] [a  a] [ ā ] [ā] [ē ] [a ē] [i  ā ] [a  ē ] [ō] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

  
 

 
  
[ i  a ō] [u ā ō] [] [ā] [u  i ā] [a  ā ē] [  ] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
     
 

 
     

[ ō ] [ē] [ā ] [a] [i ū ] [ā a] [ ā] [ā  i ] [ ā a ] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •





[ ā  a a ā ]
• • • • • •


    


 

1 -189   
 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] • • • • • • [ a ē] []
• •




   

   
    
 


[ ō  ō] [a ] [a ā a ā a] [ā a ā] [a ā a] [ a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ ē ] [a  ā a]
• • • • •



    
   

      

[a  ē ] [ō] [i ] [ā ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

[ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • •

1 -190 




 

[ ā ā  a] [ a a] • • • • • •

( 1 -1.1.2
1.1.2))







 ( 1 -1.1.2
1.1.2))
# [ ā ā  i ā ] • • • • • •
#

1 -191 
 


  

 


 
 

[ē ] [ ē ] [u ō] [ ā] [ā  ē] [] [i  ū ē]
• • • • • • • • • •


 
   
 

 
     
[a  ē] [ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [a i ā] [a a ā] [i ū] [ a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  
 
   


  
[ ō] [ i ā] [a a] [ a i ] [ā a ā ] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 

      



 


[ i ā] [a a] [ a ] [] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [a a u ā] [ē ā a  ē ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
60
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    



 




  
 

 


[i i ā] [ a ] [a a ] [ ā ē ā] [ ā  a] [a  i ] [ā a ā] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


 


 
  
       
 [kʰ]
[ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [a ē ] [a a] [] [a ] [ē a a] [a ] [i a] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
 
 
 


 
  
  

[ō] [ā a  ō] [ a ] [u  ā  u a ] [ā a] [i ā ] [ i a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

 
 

 

     

 

  [ṅ]
[ ā  ō] • • • [a  ā  ō] [ a] [i i ā] [ a ] [a a ] [ā ā ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
   
   


    
[ a ] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ a ] [a a ] [a a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



   
  
   


 
  [j]
[ a] [ ā ] [ a ] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ a ] [u  ā  u a ] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
 
 
 


 
 

   
[i ā ] [ i a ] [ ā  ō] [a  ā  ō] [ a] [i i ā] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 

  
 
   
   


  [ṭ]
[a a ] [ā ā ] [ a ] [ a ] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
    

 

     

 [ḍ]
[ a ] [a a ] [a a i ā] [ a] [ ā ] [ a ] [ō] [ā a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 
  
  
 


 

  [ḍʰ]

[ a ] [u  ā  u a ] [ā a] [i ā ] [ i a ] [ ā  ō] [a  ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


     

 


 [t]
[ a] [i i ā] [ a ] [a a ] [ā ā ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -192 

  
 
 


 



  [tʰ]

[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ a ] [u  ā  u a ] [ē  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]




   
  
  
 


 

  [dʰ]
[ā  a] [ō] [ē] [ā a] [i ā ] [ i a ] [ ā  ō] [a  ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



     

 

 
  

  [n]

[ a] [i i ā] [ a ] [a a ] [ā ā ] [ a ] [ a] [ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
  


 
 


 


 



 
  [pʰ]
[ i  ō] [ ō] [ ē] [ā  ē] [u  ā  a ē] [ ō ā  i ō] [a ū ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   


  
  [b]

[ā a] [i a a] [a i ā] [a  a  ā  a] [ a] [  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -193 

  
 
 


 
   [m]
[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ā a] [i a a]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
 


  
   


[a i ā] [a  a  ā  a] [ a] [ i ā] [ a ] [a a ] [ō  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]

    

   
  
   

  [l]
[a a i ā] [a] [ a] [] [ā] [ ō ] [ ā] [ ū ā] [a   ā] [ā ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

  
 


  
 
 
 


 
[ō  ā] [  ā ] [i  ō  ō] [  ā ] [ā ] [i  a ō] [ē  ē a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]


  

  [h]
[ ā ] [a ō] [ ō ]
• • • • •

 [ḷ]
1 -194 

  
 

      

[] [ō] [ ā] [a  ē ] [i ū ] [a i] [i  ū ā] • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
61
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
 

 

   
 
 

 

[a  ā] [ō ō a ō] [a ] [a] [ a] [ ū a] [a   a] [ā ā  a] [ō  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

     
 
 
 


[i ā ] [i ū] [ā a ē ] [i] [ē a] [i  ē] [ ū a]
• • • • • • • • • • • [a   a] [ā ā  a]
• • • • • •


  
 



 

     


 


[ō  a] [  ā ] [i  ō  ō ] [] [ō] [ē] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • • [ ō] [ē  a a] • • • •




 
  

  
  
   

[ā ō ē u] [] [u ō] [ ā] [ u  a] [i  ē] [a ] [ō  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 


  
 


   
   
[ ō  a] [a  ū a] [a ā  a] [ a  a] [  a] [ a ] [ā ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 


  

   
  

[i  ē] [ō  ō] [a  a  ā  a] [ a] [ i ] [] [] [ā ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 

 
 

 

 


[a ] [ō  a ] [ā ē ] [ u  ā] [ a ā] [ ē ā] [ i ] [a  ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   

    

 

 

    

[i  ē] [ a] [i ] [ā] [a  ā] [ ā] [ā ē ] [ā a  a] [ā a ] [] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 


  
     
  
 

[i  ē] [a  a  ā  ā] [ ā] [ā a ā] [ō] [  ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


     


 
  
   



[a ē ] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [ ō] [ i  i ā] [ē ] [ā] [ ā] [ē  a  i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



     

  
 
 


 
[ a  i ā] [a] [ a] [i i ] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  



    
   

 

 

[i ū] [ē  ō ] [i ] [ē] [u ē] [ā  ō] [ a] [i  ā ] [ ā] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  

 
 
 



[ē ā ē  ] [i  ā  ō] [ ē] [a a ā ] [ē ā ē  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -195 

  
 
 


 




[] [ō] [ā a  ō] [ a ] [u  ā  u a ] [ē  ō ] • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




        


 

 


[ā  a] [ō] [ē] [ā a] [i ā ] [ i a ] [ ā  ō] [a  ā  ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    


  
  
   

 
[i i ā] [ a ] [a a ] [ā ā ] [ a ] [ā ] [ ā] [a  a  ā  ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    

   
     
 
  

[ ā] [ā ] [ ā] [ē ā  ā] [a ] [] [ē] [ā  ē] [ ō] [a i ō] [a ū ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 
 
 

[ā  ē] [ a] [ā ū ] [ā i ā] [ā  a] [  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -196 

  
 
 


 
 

 


[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ē ] [ā  ē] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 

 

 



 



  
[ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ā  ē] [ a] [ē  ō ] [ā  a] [ō] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
  
    


 

 

  
[ā  ō] [ā a] [i ā ] [ i a ] [ ā  ō] [a  ā  ō] [ a] [i i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  
  
   

  

[ a ] [a a ] [ā ā ] [ a ] [ā ] [ ā] [a  a  ā  ā] [ ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
62
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
 

   
 
   
 
 
 

[ā ] [ ā] [ē ā  ā] [ē ] [ē] [ā  ō] [ā ū ] [i ā ] [ā  a] [ā u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

  

 
 

  
    [kʰ]
[a ] [a ē] [ā  ā ] [ā ū ] [ā ā a] [a a ] [  a] [a ] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]





 





 


  
 
 
 

[ē  ā ū ] [ a ā  ā ] [ā  a ā ] [i i ā ] [ ē] [ā ] [ā ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


 

 


 
 
 
 
  [ṅ]
[ā ā] [ā ē ] [ ā ē ] [a ē ] [i ā ] [ā  ō] [a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
1 -197 

  
 

 



   


[] [ō] [ā  ē] [ a ] [ē  ō ] [ ē] [ō] [ ā] • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


 

 


 
 

 
  [j]
[a  u  ā] [a  ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • [ ā  ō] [ ā  ō] [a  ā  ō] [  a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]


  
  
 
 


 
  
[a ā  a ā] [ā ā  ē a]
• • • • • • • • [ i  a ō] [ā ] [ i a] [i a ] [a u ]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



  
 

 

 
 


 



  [ṭ]
[] [ō] [ā  ē] [ ō] [ā a a a] [ a] [u  ā  u a] [ē  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]



 
 

  
 
 


 
 

 [ḍ]
[ ā ē ] [a ē ] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ā ] [ā ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 


 


 
 

  [ḍʰ]

[a ā a  a] [ē ā ē ā] [ ē ] [i ā ā ē ā] [ā  a] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -198 

  

  




 



 [t]
[] [ō] [a  ā ō] [ā  ō] [ ā a ō] [ā  ē] • • • • • • • • • •

 



 
 

 

 


 

  [tʰ]

[a a ē] [ a ā  ā ō] [ē ] [ā  ē] [ ō] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


 

 



 
 
 
 




  [dʰ]
[ā  ē] [ a] [ē  ō ] [ā ] [ā ] [ ē] [ē  ā ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •







 


  
 
 
 
 
 
  [n]

[ a ā  ā ] [ā  a ā ] [i i ā ] [ a] [ā ] [ā ū  ] [ā ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 

  
 


 
  [pʰ]
[ā ū ] [ē ē ] [a a ] [ a ] [u  ā  u a ] [i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -199 

  

  




 


  [b]

[] [ō] [a  ā ō] [ā  ō] [ ā a ō] [ a  ō] • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 

 
 
 




 





 


  [m]
[ ō ] [ a ] [ā ] [ē ō] [ē  ā ū ] [ a ā  ā ] [ā  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
 
 
 


 
 

  

 
[i i ā ] [ a ] [u  ā  u a ] [a   ] [] [ō] [a  ā ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]






 
 
 

 
 
 


  [l]
[ ā a ō] [ē ] [ā ā] [ā  ō] [ē  ō] [i  ā ō] [ē  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 

 

 
 
 



  
[ a  i ā] [ā ā a] [ā  a] [ē  a] [i  ā a] [ē  ō ] [a a] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]



 




 





 


  
 
  [h]
[ē ē ] [ē  ā ū ] [ a ā  ā ] [ā  a ā ] [i i ā ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]



 
  


 

 

 

 
 
[u  ā  u a ] [i ā  ] [ō] [ē  ā ā ] [ā  ē] [ ō] [ē ā ] [ē ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
63
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 

 

 


 

  

 
[ā ] [ā  ē] [ a] [ā ā ē  ] [] [ō] [a  ā ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •






 

 

  



[ ā a ō] [ā  ē] [ a] [a a] [ā ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -200 

  
 
 


 

 


[a ] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ā  ē] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 

  

 

 



    
[a a] [i  ā a] [i ā ] [ā  ē] [ a] [ē  ō ] [i ] [a] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
  
 
 
 
 


[a ō] [i ā  ] [ē a] [a ē] [ā ū a] [i ā ] [a ā  ō] [ a ] [ā a ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 

[ ā ] [a ē] [ ā a] [a ā  ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -201 

  
 
 


 
  


[] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ō] [u  ā  u ō] [ē ] [a ō] [ā  a ] • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

 


 

  
 


[ē  a ] [i  ā a ] [ ē  a] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [a a ē] [ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

   

 
 
 


 

[  ] [] [ō] [ā ā] [ā  ō] [ē  ō] [i  ā ō] [ē ā a ā] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 

 

 

[u  ā  u ō] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] [ā a a a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 


 

  

   

[u  ā  u a] [ ā ē ā] [ē  a a] [  ] [ē  a a] [ i ō] [ō] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 

 
 


 



 
[ā  ō] [ē  ō] [i  ā ō] [ā a a a] [ a] [u  ā  u a] [ē  ō ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  




 





 


  

[] [ ā] [a ē] [ē  ā ū ] [ a ā  ā ] [ā  a ā ] [i i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 



 
   

 
 

[a a ] [i ā  ] [ē a]
• • • • • • [ ā ā ā ] [ a] [ō] [a ē] [ā ā ō] [ā ] [ i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •



   
 

   


 

  



[  ā] [a ā ] [] • • • • [  ā ] [i ] [a ē] [ ā ē  ] [] [a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •




   
 
 
 
 




[ ā  i ō] [ē  ū i] [ā a] [ā  ā] [i a ē ] [ ā  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
  


    



[ a ō  a] [ u a ū ] [ ā  a] [a ē] [a ] [a ē] [ ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


 
  
   
  
[a  ō] [u u  ā] [i ā ā ā] [ē a] [a  a  ē ] [u u a] [u a ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
     


    

[ ā] [a ā ] [ā  a] [a ] [ō] [ a ē] [ i  a] [ō] [a] [a ē] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
[ē ē ] [ā ū ] [ i a] [ u] [a ] [ a ] [ā ] [ā  ō] [ a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 
     
  
[ā  a] [ā] [ ē] [ a a] [  ] [ā]
• • • • • • • [a  ] [ā] [a ā  ] [ā] [a ]
• • • • • •

 

    
  
 


[a ē] [ō ē ] [a] [u ō ] [ ] []
• • • • • • [ē  ū a] [ ā  ]
• • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
64
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -202 
 
   
 
  


[ u ā] [u ā a ] [i a ] [ ā  ] [ a  ō] [ ē] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


  

     

 


  [kʰ]
[a  u  ā] [u  ā] [ ā ā  ō] [ ē] [] [ā ] [a  ā  ō] [ ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

 

 
 

 

  

[ā  ā  ō] [a  ā  ō] [  a ō] [a ā  a ā] [ ā i a ] [a ] [ ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


  
   
 
  
  [ṅ]
[ā a a] [a ] [ ē a] [ a a] [a a] [ ē a] [ā a a] [a a] [ ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
  
 
  
  


 
[ a a] [ ō] [ ē a] [ā a a] [ ō] [ ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • [ a a] [ ā] [ ē]
• • • •
 [cʰ]


  

    
      [j]
[ā a ā] [ ā] [ ē] [ a ā] [ā ā a ] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • [a  ] [i] [ a ē]
• • • •

 [jʰ]



[ u ē ]• • •
 [ñ]

1 -203 
    
 

 

  
  [ṭ]
[a ō u] [ō] [i ū] [ē a] [ u ā a] [u ā a ā a] [i a ā a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ṭʰ]


         
 


 [ḍ]
[ ā  ā a] [ē] [ē] [i ū] [a i ā] [a u ā] [a  ō] [u u  ā] [i ā ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   
 

 
 

 
  [ḍʰ]

[ē] [u ā a ] [i a ] [ ā  ] [ a ] [ā ] [ā a ā] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]



  
 
 


 [t]
[u  ā  u ō] [a ō] [ā ū ] [ i a] [ā  i   ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -204 

     

 
 


  [tʰ]

[] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [ā a a a] [ a] [u  ā  u a] • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]






 
  


 

 


 

  

  [dʰ]
[ ē  ā ē ] [ i ā] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [] [ō] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 


    


 

  [n]

[ē a i] [ ā ē] [ē a i] [ ē] [i  a a] [a  ā ā ē ā] [ā a a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 


 
      
  [pʰ]
[ a] [u  ā  u a] [ u ] [a a] [] [a] [] [a ō] [ā ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •


    


 
  

  

  [b]

[ i a] [ā   ] [a a] [ ā ] [] [u ō] [ ā] [ u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 

 
 


  
 


  

  [m]
[ō ] [ ō  a] [a  ū a] [a ā  a] [ a  a] [  a] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

   
  
 
 

 
 


[ā ] [a] [ō ] [a ō] [ā ū ] [ i a] [ā  i ] [ē a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



  


 

   


 

   [l]
[a  a ā a] [ā] [ ā ā ] [ a ā a] [ā] [i ō ā ā ] [] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]


 


 


 

 


[ō ] [a  a ā a ē ] [a  ā ā ] [ a ā a ] [ē a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]




  [h]
[a  a ā ā ]
• • • • •

 [ḷ]
1 -205 
   
 

 

 



 


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [ ā  ō ā  ō] [ ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
65
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    

 


 
  
 

   
    
[i ū ] [a  ō] [ ō] [ ū ē] [ i ō] [ō ] [] [ō] [ ā] [a] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • • •





 

    
 

 
 
 
 


[ē  ō ] [i  ē ] [ō] [i ] [ā ā] [ā  ō] [ē  ō] [i  ā ō] [ō a] [ ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
   

 
 

  
 



 
 

[] [ā] [a ] [ā] [a ā ē ] [ā ] [ā ē ] [ā] [ ā] [ā ā  ē ] [ā ] [ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 

  
  

 
 
 

  

[ō] [] [ ē ] [ā  ē] [a  ā  ō] [ā ō] [ō ] [] [ō] [ ā] • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 


 





 
  


 
[ā a a a] [ a] [u  ā  u a] [ ē  ā ē ] [ i ā] [u  ā ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  
  

 

[ē a ] [] [i  ē] [ a] [i ā  a] [u   ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -206  
   
 

 
 


[ō] [] [i ] [ i a] [  a ā a] [ā   ] [ ā ū ē] • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
   

         
[ i ā ā ē] [ā ā ō] [ō a] [ ē ā] [  u] [ā] [a  u] [ā] [a ā  u] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  

  
   
 


 

[ō ō ] [ā ō ] [ū ō ] [ē ō  ] [ ā ū a] [i ] [ i a] [ā  ā ō] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 



[ā ā  ō] [ō ] [ a ā ō ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -207 
 


    

  
 

[ē a  a] [ ā] [i ū a] [i ā  a] [a a a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -208 
   
 

    




[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a a  ā] [i ū] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 


 


 

 
 

   



[a ā] [ a  a] [ i ā] [ā ā a] [ i ā] [ā ē u] [i ū] [ē  ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 
  
    

[ ā u a ] [u ē] [ā  ō] [ u] [u ā a] [  a] [u a a ] [ ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 
 



  


 



[a ā a] [u a] [ ā ] [ a] [ a  a] [a ā] [ a  a] [ i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 


 

  
   
 



[] [ā  ō] [ ā] [i ā  a] [a a a] [i ] [u ē] [ā  ō] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





  
 


 

  
     
[ i ā ] [a a] [ā  ō] [ ā] [i ā  a] [a a a] [a ] [ō] [ā ē] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  

 
  

 
 



[ a ē ] [] [ā  ō] [ ē ē a] [ō ] [ u  a] [ā  ō] [ ō  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 
 


   
    

[a  ū a] [a ā  a] [ a  a] [  a] [ a ] [ā ] [u ē] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 




 
 
 

  


 


[ a  a] [ i ] [ē a] [ā  ō] [a  a ā a] [ā] [ ā ā ] [ a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  


 

  
 


 


 


[ā] [i ō ā ā ] [] [ē a] [ā  ō] [a  a ā a ē ] [a  ā ā ] [ a ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 

        






[ē a ā a] [a  a ā ā ] [] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [a a  ē] [i ū] [ ē  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
66
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


  


 

 



[ i ā] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u]
• • • • • • • • •
 [k]

1 -209 

  
 

 
 

 


     [kʰ]
[] [ō] [ ā] [ē a i] [ ā ē] [ē a i] [ ē] [i  a a] • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]



    
     

[a  ā ā ē ā] [a a  ē] [i ū] [ u ] [a a] [] [u ē] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]





  


 



  


 
   [ṅ]
[ a  a] [a ā] [ a  a] [ i ā ] [a a] [ ā ] [] [u ō] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

[c]

  

 

 


 
 



[ ā] [ u  a]
• • • • [ō  ā] [ ō  a] [a  ū a] [a ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

 
 

  

 
  

 


  [j]
[ a  a] [  a]
• • • • • [ a ] [ā ] [u ē] [ō  ā] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]





 
 

 

  


 

 
[ i ] [ē a] [ō  ā] [a  a ā a] [ā] [ ā ā ] [ a ā a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 


 

  

 


 


  [ṭ]
[i ō ā ā ] [] [ē a] [ō  ā] [a  a ā a ē ] [a  ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 

 


 

  

   
 [ḍ]
[ a ā a ] [ē a ā a] [a  a ā ā ] [] [ō] [ ā] [a a  ē] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •







 
  


  
  
  [ḍʰ]

[ ē  ā ē ] [ i ā] [u  ā ] [ē] [  ā a a ] [a a] [ā i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
   


 


  
 
   


 [t]
[i ū a] [ u  a] [ ō  a] [a i] [ a] [a ā] [i ū] [ā a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

  
  

 
  [tʰ]

[ē] [ē a ] [] [i  ē] [ a] [i ā  a] [u   ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -210  
   
      

  [dʰ]
[ō] [] [i ] [ā ā] [ā] [ a ā] [ā] [ i a] [  a ā a] • • • • • • • • • •


 

 


 

 
 

 
    [n]

[ā   ] [ ā ū ē] [ i ā ā ē] [ā ā ō] [ō a] [ ē ā] [  u] [ā] [a  u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
    

 

  

  
   
  [pʰ]
[ā] [a ā  u] [ā] • • • [ō ō ] [ā ō ] [ū ō ] [ē ō  ] [ ā ū a] [i ] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 

 
 


  [b]

[ā  ā ō] [ a ]

• • • • • [ā ā  ō] [ō ] [ a ā ō ]
• • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -211  
        
 
   [m]
[ō] [ ā ] [ō] [ā  ō] [ē] [i ū ] [ē] [ a] [ a i] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

 
   
[ i ē ō] [i ū ]
• • • • •
 [r]


     
 1 -212  
   
   [l]
[ā ō] [ā ] [ē  ō ] [ā ō] [ ō ] [ā ō] [ ō ] • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

  
 
   
 
   
 
  
 
[ā ō] [ ō ] [ā ō] [ u ō ] [ā ō] [ u ō ] [ā ō] [ i i ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]


     
   
 
     [h]
[ā ō] [ i i ō ] [ā ō] [ō  ā  i ō ] [ā ō] [ō ] [a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]





   
  

[ ē  ā  i ō] [ō ] [u ] [ā ō]
• • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
67
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -213 


 
 
  
 
  
[ā ū  ā ō] [ā ] [ i i a ] [ā a ] [i   ē] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 

  
 


 
[a  a ] [ a ] [  ā ō] [ i i a ] [ā a ] [ ū  ā ē] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  


[a  a ] [ a ] [  ā ō]
• • • • • • • •

1 -214 
 
 

 
 


 



[ a a] [ā ] [ ē ā] [ā a ] [ā ū  ā a ] [ ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

[ a a] [ā ]
• • •

1 -215 
 
  
 
 

  
[ i a] [ā ] [a] [ i a] [ i a a] [ i a a] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 



 
 
 

[ō  a] [ ā  a] [ i  a] [ē a] [ i a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -216 

 
 





[  a ā a ] [  i ō] [ i ō]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -217 

 
 
 


 

 

[ā   ā ] [ā   ] [  ] [  ] [ ā  a] [ ō  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
 

[ā ā] [ā  ] [a ē a] [  ā  ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -218  
 
 
  

  



 
[ ā ū a] [ā ] [ā a] [ā] [ā ā  a] [ā] [ ē  ā a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -219 

 
 


 



 
 



[ā ā ō] [ā ] [ ā ā ā] [ ē  ā ā] [a  ā] [a  ō  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

    
 
 
 

 
 


[a  a ā] [ ā a ā] [ē] [ā] [] [   a] [  ā] [ ā a ] [ē ē] [ā ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



[ā ]
•

1 -220    

  

   
 

 
[ō ō] [ā ] [ō] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 

 
 
 

[a  a] [ i a] [  a ā a] [ā ] [ē ō] [ō ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -221 
 
 
  
  
  
 
[  u] [ā ] [a ē ] [ā] [ā ē ] [ā] [ ā ] [ā] [ ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •




  
  
[a  a  ē ] [ā] [ ā ] [ā] [  u]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -222  
 

  

 
[a  u] [ā ] [a  a  ē ] [ā] [a  a  ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •





  



  




  




[a  a  ē ] [ā] [ a  ē ] [ā] [ a  ē ] [ā] [ā  a  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


   
  

[ā] [ a  ē ] [ā] [a  u] [ u i] [ā] [  u]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -223  

 
 
  
  
   

 
[a ā  u] [ā ] [ā ā] [ā] [ ā] [ā] [ ā] [ā] [ ā] [ā]
• • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
68
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1





    
 
[ ē ā] [ā] [a ā  u] • • • • •
 [k]

1 -224 

 

  

 

 
  [kʰ]
[ō ō ] [ā ō ] [ū ō ] [ē ō  ] [ ā ō] [ē ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
1 -225  
 
 
  

  



 
[ ā ū a] [ā ] [ā a] [ā] [ā ā  a] [ā] [ ē  ā a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

1 -226 



 


 


 




 

  [ṅ]
[ā  ā ō ] [ā  ā ō] [ ā ō] [ ā ō] [ ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]




 
 



 
 




[ ō  ā ō] [ā ā] [ā  ā ō] [a ē a] [  ā  ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

1 -227  
  

 
  [j]
[ a  ] [ a] [ ā ā ]
• • • • • • • [u ] •

 [jʰ]
1 -228 

 
  
 
  

 
 

[ā ā  ō] [ō  ] [  ā ]
• • • • • • • • [ā ] [a  ā ō] [a  ā] [ u ō] 
• • • • • • • •
[ñ]


 

 


   
  


  



   [ṭ]
[ a ō] [ a ā ] [ē  ē ] [i ] [ā a] [ā] [ā ā  a] [ā] [ ē  ā a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]

 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 [ḍ]
[ i a] [  a ā a] [ā  i ā] [a  ō] [ō ] [ a  u  ō] [ē ] [u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
  [ḍʰ]

[ā ā  ō] [ō  ]

• • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -229 


 
 
 

 

 



 [t]
[ a ā ō ] [a ā ō] [ā ] [ē  a a] [ē u ē ō] [ i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
       
 
 


  [tʰ]

[ē ō] [a ā ō] [ā ] [ō] [ē ] [a i] [a ] [ē ] [u ] [ a ā ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -230   
 

 

 
 
  [dʰ]
[ū a a] [ a a] [ā ā a a] [ē ā a a] [ a a] [ā a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 

 
   
  [n]

[ā a a] [ā a a] [ā ā a a] [ ā a a] [ a a] [a u a] [ā a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 
 

 

 


 
 

 
  [pʰ]
[ a a a] [ a] [a  ō a] [ a ] [ a] [] [u  ā a] [ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 

 


 
  


  [b]

[ a] [ a] [ u  a] [ u  a] [ō  ō] [ō  a ō] [a  ā  ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 
  [m]
[a ē  a a] [ i  a a ]
• • • • • • • • •

 [y]
1 -231   
      
 

[ū a a] [ā ] [a a] [ū  a] [i i a] [ō ] [ ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]


    



 
    

  [l]
[ i a a] [ū a a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

  
  


 
    
   

[ ā a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ] [ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

       

     

  
  [h]
[a a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [i ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ] [a u] [] [ā] [ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
 

    
   

   
  
[ā] [u ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [u i] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
69
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



   
  
 
   
  
 
 


[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a  ō] [ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
 

  

  
 

  

 

[ ē ē ā] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [  i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
   

   
  
 



 
[ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a  ō] [ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
   
 
 
  
 
[ ō ] [u i] [ā] [i ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [u ā u a] [a a] [ā a a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  

  
  
 



[a  u  a] [ā] [ u  a] [ā] [ā  a] [ā] [ē  a] [ā] [  i ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

   
  
 

 


[ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ō  a] [ ē ā] [u ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

   
      


[ā a ] [u a  a ] [a a ō] [ ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   

   
 
     
[ē a  a a ] [u  ā] [ō ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a i] [ā] [ē a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
     


  

  
 

  


[ u] [ā] [ā  a] [ā] [a  ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • •


 

 

 
    

 
  
 
[  i ō] [ē ē ] [ ō ē ] [] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • [ā ā  a ] [a ē ] [i ] [ā]
• • • • • • •


  
  

  
   
  
[a ē ] [ā] [ā ē ] [ā] [ ō a] [ā] [ ō ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -232 
 
  
   
 
 
[ a a] [ā ] [a a] [ ē] [i i a] [ō ] [ a a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • •





 
   


 
   
  
[ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
   

   
  
 
  
 
[ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -233 

 
  



 
 
    
  
[ā ā a a] [ā ] [a a] [ā ā  a] [ō ] [ō ō] [ā] [ i  ō] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

      

  
     
[i  ō] [ā] [a  ō] [ā] [ā  a] [ā] [ē  a] [ā] [ a a] [ā] [ a a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 

  



 
  
[i  ā a] [] [ā ā a a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
  
   

 
  
 
[ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ a] [ a i ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
   

   
  
 
  
 
[ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -234 

 
  



 
     
[ē ā a a] [ā ] [a a] [ē ā  a] [ō ] [a ē] [ā] [ ē] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
70
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



  

      
    
[  a ē] [ā] [  a  ā] [ā] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • [ā] [ā  a ē] [ā] [u ē] [ā] [a  a] 
• • • • • •
[k]


    
 
 
 

  



 
  [kʰ]
[ō ] [a  ō] [a ā ā  ē ] [ē ā a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō]
• • • • • • • •

 [g]
  

 
   
   

   
  
[ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]



   
  
 
   
  
  [ṅ]
[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
1 -235 
 
  
   
 

[ a a] [ā ] [a a] [ ē] [i i a] [ō ] [ a a]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

 



 
   


 
  
   [j]
[a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]

 
  
    
 

  
 
[u  a ] [ u ] [ā] [u u ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


 

   
  
 
   
  
  [ṭ]
[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
 
 
    
      
 [ḍ]
[a ] [ā  a] [u  a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [u   a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [a a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •


    


  

  
 

  

 
  [ḍʰ]

[a  a] [ā] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [  i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


   
   

   
  
 
  
 
 [t]
[ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  [tʰ]

[ā ā  a ]

• • • •
 [d]
1 -236 
 
 
 

 
 
  

  [dʰ]
[ā ā] [ā ] [ā ] [] [ā a a] [ā ] [a a] [ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • •

  
 
  



 
   


  [n]

[i i a] [ō ] [ā a a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

   
 

  
   

 
  [pʰ]
[a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
   
  
 
 



 
  [b]

[u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
  

 
   
   

   
    [m]
[ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


   
  
 

   
  

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a  a] [ō ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



 

  
   

  
     [l]
[ō ē ā] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • [ā a ] [u a  a ] [u a] [ā]
• • • • • • •

 [v]

     
  
 

   
 

[ ō] [ā] [ a] [ā] [a  ō] [ē a  a a ]
• • • • • • • • • [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •
 [s]

1 -237 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
  [h]
[ā a] [ā ] [a a] [ ō] [ a] [a  ā  ā] [ā a a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
 
   
 
  



 
 
[a a] [ā ē] [i i a] [ō ] [ā a a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
71
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 

 
   
   

   
   


[ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  
 
   
  
 
 




[ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a] [ i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   

 
   
   

  
 
[  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
  
 
   
  

[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -238 
 
 

 

 

 

  

[ā ō] [ā ] [  ā ō] [a  ā ō] [ ā ō] [ō a  ō] [ ē] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
   

   
  
[  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
  
  
 
 

   
  
[ō ō ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a ē] [ā a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
  
 

   
  
 
 

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ i] [ō ō ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ ā] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
   

   
  

[  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
  
  
 
    
  

[a ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a ē] [ā a] [  i ō] [ū  a] [i ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
      
  

[ā ā  a ] [  i ō] [ū  ō] [a ā ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -239 

 
 

 


 

 
 
[ā ā ō] [ā ] [u ā ā ō] [ ā ā ō] [ā ā a a] [ā ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

   
   
 

 


[ā ā ē] [ ū ] [ā ē ] [i i a] [ō ] [ū a a] [ a a] [ā ā a a] [ē ā a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  



 
   


 
 
[ā ā a a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  

  
   

  
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
   
  
  

       
[ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a ] [ā  a] [ū a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [a a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

      



  

  
 

  


[u a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
   

   
  

[  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
  
 

 
  
   

[ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ā ā a] [ u ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
  
   

  
[ i] [u ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā  ō] [] [a a] [ i   ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   
 
  
 
 

  
 
[i ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō] [ā  a] [ ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 
   
  
[ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō] [ a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
72
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -240 
 
  
 
 

   

[ ā a a] [ā ] [a a] [ ā ē] [ ū ] [ā ē ] [i i a] [ō ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[k]

  
 

 

 
  



  [kʰ]
[ū a a] [ a a] [ā ā a a] [ē ā a a] [ ā a a] [a a] [ i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

   

 
   
   

  
 
[  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


 

   
  
 
   
  
  [ṅ]
[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

 
   
   
 
 

  

[ ā a] [ u ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā  a ] [ i] [u ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


 
   

    
  
  [j]
[u a  a ] [ā  ō] [] [a a] [ i   ] [ a] [i ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]


  
 
 

   
  
 
[ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō] [ā  a] [ ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


 
   
    [ṭ]
[ a ō] [ a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
1 -241  
    
  

 [ḍ]
[ a] [ā ] [a ] [u a a] [ā] [ a a] [ā] [ā ]
• • • • • • • •

 
   
 

   
    [ḍʰ]

[ a a] [ā ] [a a] [ ē] [ ū ] [ā ē ] [i i a] [ō ] [ū a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 

 

   



 

 [t]
[ a a] [ā ā a a] [ē ā a a] [ a a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
   
   

   
    [tʰ]

[ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


   
  
 
   
  
  

  [dʰ]
[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a ] [ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
    


  

  
 

   [n]

[u a a] [ā] [ a a] [ā] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]


 
 

  
   

 
  [pʰ]
[a  a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
   
  
  
  
   [b]

[u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a] [ u ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

 
 
 

   
  
   [m]
[u  a ] [ā  a ] [ i] [u ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā  ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

 

    
   
 
  

[a a] [ i   ] [ a] [i ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]


 

  
  
  
 
 
   [l]
[ā  a] [ ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō] [ a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

         
  

  

[u a  a ] [ a] [ā] [a u] [ā] [ i] [ā] [ ā a] [ā] [a ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]


 
 

 

   
   
 

 

  [h]
[u  a ] [ē a] [ ō a] [ ā  ē] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a i] [ ō ē] [ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
  
 

[ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
73
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -242  
 


 

  
 
[a ] [ā ] [ā ā  a ] [ ā  a ] [a u a] [ā ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

   
   
 

 


[a u i] [ ū ] [ā ē ] [i i a] [ō ] [ū a a] [ a a] [ā ā a a] [ē ā a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  



 
   


 
 
[a u a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

   
   

   
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
   
  
  
   
   

[ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a u] [ u ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
  
   

  
[ i] [u ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā  ō] [] [a a] [ i   ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   
 
  
 
 

  
 
[i ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō] [ā  a] [ ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 
   
       
[ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō] [ a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ a] [ā] [a u] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
  

   
  
 

 



[ i] [ā] [ā ā a] [ā] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ē a] [ ō a] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  
 

 
   
  

[ā a ] [u a  a ] [a i] [ ō ē] [ā  ē] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -243 
 
  
 
 

   

[ā a a] [ā ] [a a] [ā ē] [ ū ] [ā ē ] [i i a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

 

 
  




[ū a a] [ a a] [ā ā a a] [ē ā a a] [ā a a] [a a] [ i ā  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   

 
   
   

  
 
[  i ō] [ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
  
 
   
  

[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -244 
 
  

 

 
   
[ a a] [ā ] [a] [ u ā a] [ i  a] [ō ] [a] [ a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •


 
  
 
 

   
  
[ a a a] [ā ] [a a] [ a ē] [ ū ] [ā ē ] [i i a] [ō ] [ū a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 

 
  



 

[ a a] [ā ā a a] [ē ā a a] [ a a a] [a a] [ i ā  ] [  i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
   
   

   
  
[ a] [ā] [ ē ] [a ] [ā] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  
 
  
  
  

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a ] [ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

        



  

  
 

 
[a a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [ a] [ā] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

   
   

   
 
[a  a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
   
  

[ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
74
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -245 
 
 



  
 


  
 
[ a] [ā ] [ā  a] [ā] [ō ] [  ā] [ā] [ ā ē] [ā]
• • • • • • • • •
 [k]


 

   
   

   
  
  [kʰ]
[  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

   
  
 
 

 


  
 

 
[ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a  ō] [ā  a] [ ē ē ā] [a  ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]



  
 

  

 
 
 

  
   [ṅ]
[ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [ a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

 

   
  
 



 
  
 
[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a  ō] [ā  a] [ ō ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



 

  
   
  

    [j]
[ā ā  a ] [ ā a] [i ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ ā a] [i i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
 
 

  

  
 

  

 
 

  

[a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [ a] [i ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 




    
 

  

 
  [ṭ]
[ā ā  a ] [ ē  ā  a] [ā] [ū  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


   
  

  


  

 

 [ḍ]
[i ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā  a] [ā] [ū  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
   [ḍʰ]

[i ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ]

• • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -246 

 
       


 
 [t]
[a  ō a] [ā ] [i a] [ā] [a i a] [ā] [a  ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •



  
 

  

 
 

   
    [tʰ]

[ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


   
  
 
   
  
  [dʰ]
[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -247 

 
  
 

 
   [n]

[ a ] [ā ] [ō] [ u ā a] [ i  ō] [ō ] [u ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]


 
 
 

 
  
   
 

  [pʰ]
[ ō ō] [  i ō] [i ] [ ā ē] [ ā ē] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ē a] [ ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
   
 

 
   
  
  [b]

[ ā  ē] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a i] [ ā ē] [ā  ē] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -248 


 
  

  
 


  [m]
[ a] [ā ] [a a ] [ a] [a a] [  i ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
  
  

   
  
 
  
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



 




 

 
 

 
 

  [l]
[ā ā  a ] [ a  ā  a] [ ā] [ ā  ] [ a] [ā a] [a ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
  
   
 

   
 
 

[ā a ] [u a  a ] [ a] [ā a] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

 

 

   
   
   
 

  [h]
[a a] [  ā  ] [ā ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ a] [a a] [a  ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
 
  
 

  

 
 

   
  
[ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
75
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



   
  
 
   
  

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -249 
 
 
   
   


[] [ā ] [ i i a] [a a] [ē ] [ē] [a a ] [u  ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
   
   
 
 

  

[ā a] [a ā  ] [] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā  a ] [ i] [u ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
   
    
   
 

[u a  a ] [ā  ō] [] [a a] [a   ] [ a] [i ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 

   
  
  
 


[a a] [ a ō] [ā  a] [ ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [a a] [ a ō] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
[ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • •

1 -250 

 
      
 
  
[u  ā a] [ā ] [a ā] [ a] [ō ] [a  a ē] [ā] [  i ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  
 
  
 
 
 

[ā] [ā  ā ē] [ā] [a ] [ i a ] [u a] [a a ū ] [a ] [ i ā] [ā a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

  

  
 

  

 
 



[a a] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [  i ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

   
  

 
 


[ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ a] [ā a] [u  ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   
   
 


   
 

[ i ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ a] [ā a] [ i ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  


 
   
  
  


[a ō u  ā ē] [ ō] [ u  ā a] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [u a] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
[ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • •

1 -251 
 
 


 
 
 

  
 
[ā ō] [ā ] [ u  ā ō] [u ] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  
  
 
  
  

[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 
 

   
   

[ ā] [ ā  ] [ a] [ā a] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ a] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
 

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -252 

 
 
   
 

  

  
 


[ a] [ā ] [] [a ā] [a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 
 

  
   

 

[ā] [a  a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
 
   
  

[u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -253 
 
 
  

 
 

  
 
[ a] [ā ] [ u ā] [a  ā ā] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
  
 
   
  

[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
76
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



 
 

 
 

   
   

[ ā] [ ā  ] [ a] [ā a] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ a] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



   
 
  [kʰ]
[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

 [g]
1 -254 

 
    
 
 

[ u  a] [ā ] [a ] [a ā] [ ā] [ō ā] [a  ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


 

   
   

   
  
  [ṅ]
[  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]

   
  
 

 
 

 
 

  

[ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [ ā] [ ā  ] [ a] [ā a] [a ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


  
 

   
  
 
  [j]
[u a  a ] [ a] [ā a] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ a] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]


   
  
 
 

   
 

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ u a] [ā a] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

1 -255 

 
  


 



  [ṭ]
[ u  a] [ā ] [i  ā] [ ] [u ā i  ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
 
 

  

  
 

  

 
 

  
 
 [ḍ]
[a  ā  a] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
  
 
   
  
  [ḍʰ]

[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


 
 

 
    
     

 [t]
[ ā] [ ā  ] [a ā ē ] [ ē] [ ē] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [a  a] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
 
  [tʰ]

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]

• • • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -256 


 
  

 

 
   [dʰ]
[ō  ō] [ā ] [a a] [ō  i ā] [ā i ] [i a ā a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •




   
      


    
   [n]

[ ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ō] [a] [a a] [] [ā a ] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]


  [pʰ]
[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -257 
  
 

    
  

   [b]

[ō  a ō] [ā ] [ā  a] [a a] [ō  ō] [a  ā  a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


  
 

  

 
 

   
    [m]
[ ē  a  ā  a] [ā] [a  a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


   
  
 
   
  

[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]
1 -258 


 
 
 
  
   [l]
[a  ā  ā ō] [ā ] [a  ā] [a  i ā] [ē ō] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]



   
   


[] [ā a ] [a ē a] [ā ā  a ] • • • • • • • •
 [s]

1 -259 

 
 
 

 
   [h]
[a ē  a a] [ā ] [a ē a] [ ō ] [ ē a a] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
 
        

   




[a ā a a] [ā] [a i] [ā] [ ā] [ā] [ē ] [a ē ē ] [a] [a a] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
77
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

  

  
 

   


    
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [ē ] [a ē ē ] [a] [a a] [] [ā a ] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
        



 
[ā ā  a ] [a] [a ē a] [ ē] [ā] [a ā] [ā] [a] [a a] [] [ū a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 

   
  

[ ā a ] [ ā  a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -260 
 
  

    
 

[ i  a a] [ā ] [ i a] [ ō ] [a i] [ā] [ i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


    
     
 
 
  
[ a] [ā] [u  i ā ] [ a] [ā] [u  i ā ] [ē ] [ i ē ] [a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   
   
 
   


    
 
[ ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ē ] [ i ē ] [a] [a a] [] [ā a ] [ i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



          



 
[ā ā  a ] [a] [ i a] [ ē] [ā] [a ā] [ā] [a] [a a] [] [ū a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 

   
  

[ ā a ] [ ā  a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -261      



 
  


  
 
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
  

    
  


[u  a ] [ō] [a] [a  ā ō] [a] [] [ā a ] [ i a] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -262      



 
  


  
 
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
  



     
 



[u  a ] [ō] [a] [a  ā ō] [a a] [] [ū a a ] [ ā a ] [ ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

[ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • •

1 -263      



 
  


  
 
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


   

  

   
  


[u  a ] [ō] [a a] [a  ā ō] [a] [] [ā a ] [ i a] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -264      



 
  


  
 
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


   

  



    

[u  a ] [ō] [a a] [a  ā ō] [a a] [] [ū a a ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   
  

[ ā  a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -265      



 
 


 

[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a ] [ā ] [i a ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


 
 
  


  
 
[i a ā a ] [ā ] [i a ā ō] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ū ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
 

   
   



 


[u  a ] [ō] [ a ] [ā ō ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ ā  ō] [ i a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

     


   
  
[ū a a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ō] [a] [a a] [] [ā a ] [a ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
78
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •
 [k]

1 -266      



 
 


 
  [kʰ]
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a ] [ā ] [i a ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

 


 
 
  


  
 
[i a ā a ] [ā ] [i a ā ō] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ū ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


    
   
   



 
   
  [ṅ]
[u  a ] [ō] [a a] [ā ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ ā  ō] [ i a ā ] [ā a ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

[c]

    



     
 

 
[u  a ] [ō] [a] [a a] [] [ū a a ] [ ā a ] [ā ā  a ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]




   
   
  [j]
[ ā  a ] [] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -267      


 
  


  
 
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]


     

 
 
    [ṭ]
[u  a ] [ō] [a ā] [] [a ā a ] [ā a] [a ō ] [a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]



   


 
 
 
   


  
 
 [ḍ]
[ u ] [ō] [] [ā ā ē ] [ ā] [a ō ] [ ā] [a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    


    
  

  [ḍʰ]

[u  a ] [ō] [a] [a a] [] [ā a ] [ i a] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -268      


 
  


  
 
 [t]
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

 

  

  


     [tʰ]

[u  a ] [ō] [ā ā ē ā] [i  ā ] [] [ā ē ] [ā] [  ] [ō] [a] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]



    
  

  [dʰ]
[] [ā a ] [ i a] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -269      



 
  


  
   [n]

[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

  

 

 

  


  
 
  [pʰ]
[u  a ] [ō] [ā ā ē ā] [i  ā ] [ā ē ] [ā] [  ] [ō] [ā a ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   



     
 

  
   [b]

[ ā ] [a] [a a] [] [ū a a ] [ ā a ] [ ā  a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


  [m]
[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

 [y]
1 -270      


 
  


  
 
[i ] [i u] [ā ā ē ] [i a ā a] [a a] [ ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]


  

 

 

  


  
  


  [l]
[u  a ] [ō] [ā ā ē ā] [i  ā ] [ā ē ] [ā] [  ] [ō] [ā ū ] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
    

[ i a] [ ā a ]
• • • • •
 [s]

1 -271  
  


 
 
   
 
  [h]
[a ] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]




 
 




  
   


[ i  a ] [ō ] [ i  a ] [] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
79
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
 

  

  
 

  
    
 



[a  ā  ō] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

   
  
 
  
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -272  
  


 
 
   
 
[a ] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 




  
   


[ i  a ] [ō ] [ i  a ] [] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •






    
 

  
    
 



[ ē  ā  ō] [ā] [ū  a  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

   
  
 
  
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



[u a  a ]
• • • •

1 -273  
  


 
 
   
 
[a ] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 




  
   

 


[ i  a ] [ō ] [ i  a ] [] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


  
    
 

   
  
[ā] [ū  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
  
 
   
  
[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -274 
 


 
 
   
 
  
[] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ] [] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



    
    

 
  
 


[ a ] [] [] [i ā a ā ] [] [] [ā  ā  a] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
 
 

  
  
 



[a  ā  ō] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

   
  
 
  
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -275 
 


 
 
   
   
[] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ] [] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



    
    

 
  
 


[ a ] [] [] [i ā a ā ] [] [] [ā  ā  a] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •






    
 

  
    
 



[ ē  ā  ō] [ā] [ū  a  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

   
  
 
  
 
[ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



[u a  a ]
• • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
80
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -276 
 


 
 
   
   
[] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



    
    

 
  
 

  [kʰ]
[ a ] [] [] [i ā a ā ] [] [] [ā  ā  a] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


  


  
    
 

  
 
[ā  ō] [ā] [ū  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ] [ā ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


 

   
  
 
   
    [ṅ]
[u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
1 -277  
  


 
 
   
   
[a ] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [] [] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[cʰ]





 
 




  
   

  [j]
[ i  a] [ō ] [ i  a ] [] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
 
 

  

  
 

  
    

[a  ā  ō] [ā] [ ē  a  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



   
   

   
  
 
  
   [ṭ]
[ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 [ḍ]
[u  a ]
• • •

 
 


   
1 -278   
     [ḍʰ]
[a ] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [] []  [ṇ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
  



    
  

 [t]
[ i  a] [ō ] [ i  a ] [] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •






    
 

  
    
  [tʰ]

[ ē  ā  ō] [ā] [ū  a  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


   
   

   
  
 
  
   [dʰ]
[ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  [n]

[u  a ]

• • •
 [p]
1 -279 
 


 
 
  
     [pʰ]
[a ] [ā ā ē ] [ i a] [ā  a a ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 




  
   

 

  [b]

[ i  a] [ō ] [ i  a ] [] [ ō] [] [ō ] [ i ā ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
 


  
    
 

   
    [m]
[ā] [ū  ā  ō] [ā] [  i a ] [a  a  a] [ō ] [ā ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]


   
  
 
   
  
[a ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [ā a ] [u  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]
1 -280   
  

 


 



  [l]
[ ā a ] [ a i ] [i ā a ā ē] [ā  ā  ē] [ē  i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]






  
 
  
 


[ a ā  i  ē] [a  ū  a i ] [u a  a ] [i  i a ] [ē   a ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[s]



  [h]
[ā  a  a ā ]
• • • • • •

 [ḷ]

1 -281 



 





   [ŋ̊]
[ i ā ā a ] [ ā  ā ō] [i  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
81
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

( 1 -1.1.2.1
1.1.2.1))




 ( 1 -1.1.2.1
1.1.2.1))
# [   a  u ā  ā ā]
• • • • • • • • •
#

1 -282 
   
 
[ ē ] [a ] [a ā ā]
• • • • •


 


 
[ ō] [a  ē ] []
• • • •




  
 
[a  ā ē ] [ē] [a ]
• • • • •

  
 


 
[a ] [ā  ē ] []
• • • •

1 -283    

 
[ u  ā] [a ] [a ā ā]
• • • • • •



 

 
[ā ē ] [ ē] [ ē]
• • • •


  


[ a i ē] [ ā ā ō]
• • • • • •


 
 


[a a ē ] [ ā] []
• • • •

1 -284 

   
 
[ ā ē ] [a ] [a ā ā]
• • • • • •

  
  


[a ] [ē ] [ ū  ā]
• • • • •

  


[u i ē] [ a a ]
• • • • •






[ū  a  ō  ā]
• • • • • •

1 -285 





[ i ā  ā] • • • •

   

[ a ā] [] [i  ē]
• • • •



 

[ā   a ] [i ā a]
• • • • • •





 
[ a ā  ē] [ ē]
• • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
82
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -286  





[a ] [ā  ā ā ]
• • • • •  [k]

  


  [kʰ]
[a ] [ē ] [ ā  u]
• • • • •

 [g]
 


 
[a a ] [ u] [a ]
• • • •
 [gʰ]


 

   [ṅ]
[u ē ] [ ē] [ ē]
• • • •

 [c]

 [cʰ]
1 -287 
  


[ ō] [] [u  ā  ō]
• • • • •
 [j]


   
  [jʰ]
[] [ ] [ i  ē] • • • •

 [ñ]

   
[ū  ā] [] [ ā] [a ā]
• • • •
 [ṭ]

 
 

  [ṭʰ]
[ā a ā ] [ a ]
• • • • •

 [ḍ]

1 -288  
  
  [ḍʰ]
[ ē] [ē ] [ ē] [ā ū]
• • • •

 [ṇ]
   

[a  ū a] [ ē] [ ā]
• • • • •
 [t]





  [tʰ]
[ u  ā ē ]
• • • • •
 [d]

   

 [dʰ]
[ a ō] [] [ ū ]
• • • •

 [n]

1 -289 
  
   [p]
[ā a  ā] [ ō] [u ]
• • • • •

 [pʰ]
 
  
[ē] [ ā ā] [ ē] [ ā] • • • •  [b]

 

   [bʰ]
[a a ] [ā  u] [a ]
• • • • •

 [m]
  

[a ] [ē ] [a ā  ā]
• • • • •  [y]

 [r]
1 -290 

   
  [l]
[ā  ā] [a  ā] [ē] [ ā ]
• • • • • •

 [v]
  


 
[a a ] [a ] [ ā ] [ a]
• • • • • •
 [s]


  
    [h]
[a ā  a] [] [ā ] [   ]
• • • • • • •

 [ḷ]

 
 



[  ] [a ā  a] [ā  ā  a]
• • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
83
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -291  


 

[a ā] [ā  ē] [ē ]
• • • •



  
[ē ā  ā] [] [a  ō]
• • • • •




  

[ā ā  ] [] [ō a ]
• • • • •



 

 

[ā  ā] [a  ē ] [ā ]
• • • • • •

( 1 -1.1.2.2
1.1.2.2))

 ( 1 -1.1.2.2
1.1.2.2))
# [   a ] • • • •
#

1 -292 
   
 

    




[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a a  ā] [i ū] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 


 


 
  

 


 


[a ā] [ a  a] [ i ] [ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ ā] [i ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
     

   
  
 


 


[a a a] [a ] [] [ō] [ a] [ā ā  a] [ā a i] [ā a ā ] [ ō] [ē  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
   
  
 

[ā ō ē u] [ā a i] [u ē] [i  ē] [ā a ā] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -293 
   
 

 

   



 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a  a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •


    
 

   

 



[ a a] [u a] [a i ā] [  i a] [u ā ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
     

   
  
 



[i ā  a] [a a a] [a ] [] [ō] [ a] [ā ā  a] [ā a i] [ā a ō ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


    
 


[ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [ ā a ] [i ] [i u ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -294 
   
 

 

   



 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a  a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •


    
 

   

    

[ a a] [u a] [a i ā] [  i ō] [ā ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

   
 

[i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -295 
   
 

 

   



 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a  a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •


    
 

   

 
[ a a] [u a] [a i ā] [  i ō] [a ā ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

 

   
 

[ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [u a  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -296 
   
 

 

   



 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a  a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
84
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


    
 
 

   

 
[ a a] [u a] [a i ā] [  i ō] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

    

   
 
  [kʰ]
[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

 [g]
1 -297 
   
 

 
  
  
  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i  ā  ō] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


 


   
 

  
 

  [ṅ]
[ a a] [u  a  a] [a i ā] [  i a] [u ā ē ] [ē] [  i ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
 
 

  
 
 

   


[ē] [  i ō] [a ā ē ] [ē] [  i ō] [ā ā] [ā ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

     

   
 
 (6-9)  [j]
[ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -298 
   
 

 

    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ā] [a a]
• • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

   


  



   

  

  [ṭ]
[a i ā] [ i a] [ ā ] [a i] [ i ā  ] [ō] [a] [a  ā ō] [a] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
  

  


   

  

 
 [ḍ]
[ē] [a] [a  ā ō] [a a] [] [ē] [a a] [a  ā ō] [a] [] [ē]
• • • • • • • •

 

  


   

    
  [ḍʰ]

[a a] [a  ā ō] [a a] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
    
 
 (10-13)
 [t]
[i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • •

1 -299 
   
 

 

      [tʰ]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ā] [a a]
• • • • • • • •
 [d]
   

  



   

 
  [dʰ]
[a i ā] [ i a] [ ā ] [a i] [ i ā  ] [ō] [a] [a  ā ō] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


   

      
 

  
  [n]

[a a] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]


  [pʰ]
[u  a ā ]
• • • •

1 -300 
   
 

 

      [b]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

   
 

  
 

   [m]
[ a ō] [ ē] [ā a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ē] [  i ō] [a ā ē ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

  


   
 
 

 
[  i ō] [a a] [ō ō ē ] [ē] [a ē] [ā a] [  i ō] [ā ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]


 

  
 
 


  
 
  [l]
[  i ō] [a ā ē ] [ē] [  i ō] [ i] [ō ō ē ] [ē] [ ā] [ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

 

  
 

  
 
 


[  i ō] [ā ] [ē] [  i ō] [a ā ē ] [ē] [  i ō] [a ē ] [a  ē ]
• • • •
 • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[s]

  
 
      
   

  [h]
[ē] [a ē] [ā a] [  i ō] [ū  a] [i ] [ē] [  i ō] [ū  ō] [a  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
  

      
   
 
 (15-25)
[a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
85
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -301 
   
 

 

   

 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a ō ā ē] [  a]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 
 

   
 
  


 
[a  i ā] [ ā a] [ā ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā  a] [  a] [a  ] [ ā ē ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


      
 
 
 
 


 
[i  i ā] [a] [i u] [u ] [ā  ō] [a a] [  a] [ē ] [ a ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 


    


   
[ē  ā ] [ ā] [ a ] [ō] [a] [ā ] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  


 

 


      
 

[ ō ] [ē] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [i i ō] [a] [i ū ] [ u  ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




     
 


[ ā ] [ ā a ] [i ] [ u  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -302 
   
 

 

     

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ē] [  a]
• • • • • • • • •

     

     
      
 

[i  i ā] [ ē] [   a] [i  i ā] [ ā  ē] [a a] [i  i ā] [ ā a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
    


  
    
[a  ō] [i ] [ā a] [a ō] [a  ] [ ā ē ] [ō] [i  i ā] [a] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
   
 



  


 
 



  
[u ] [ā  ō] [a a] [a ō] [ē ] [ ō ] [ō] [ē  ā ] [ ā] [ ō ] [ō] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


    

      
 


[ā ] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ u  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

(27-29)
1 -303 
   
 

 

    
 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i  ] [ ā] [  a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 
 

    
 
  



[a  i ā] [ ā a] [ā ] [a  ā] [i  ] [ā  a] [  a] [a  ] [ ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
       
 
 
 


 
[ā] [i  i ā] [a] [i  i] [u ] [a ē] [a a] [  a] [ē ] [ a ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 


    

     


[ē  ā ] [ ā] [ a ] [ā] [a] [ā ] [a   ] [a ] [a ā] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

         

 


      
[ē] [] [ō] [ā] [i  ] [i   a] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [i  ō] [i ū a] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


   


 

 


      
 
[ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [i ū] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ u  ē ]
• • • •

1 -304 
   
 

 

   




[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā  a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

     

 

 
 

 
    
[u i a] [ā  a] [a i ā] [ā  ā a] [a ā  ] [a  ē ] [ā  ā] [a] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


    

      
[ō ē u] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [i i ō] [a] [i ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 


     
 



[   i ō] [ a] [ ā ] [ ā a ] [i ] [   i a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
86
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -305 
   
 

 

   




[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā  a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

  

    
   
 

 
  [kʰ]
[u i a] [ē  a] [a i ā] [ ē] [ā  ā] [a a  ] [  i ō] [a  ē ] [ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
    

 


    

    

[a] [i u] [ō ē u] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[gʰ]

    

 
  [ṅ]
[i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • •

 [c]
1 -306 
   
 

 

   
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ā a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

   

   

 
 
 
 
 
 

  [j]
[ i ē] [  ē] [a  ū a] [a  ē ] [a i ] [  ē] [ē ō] [ a ō] [ō ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
        



   
 

 

 
[ō] [ō] [ē ō] [a] [i u] [ē  ō ] [ā] [a ē] [a a] [ā  a] [a  ē  ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

  

 


 

   
 
       [ṭ]
[i ] [ ā  a ō] [ ā ] [] [ō] [a] [  a] [u  i ā] [a ] [i  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
     

     
 
  


 [ḍ]
[i  ō] [i  ō] [ a ] [] [ō] [ō] [i ] [ ā a] [ i ā] [ā a] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



     
 

   

    
  [ḍʰ]

[] [ō] [a] [  a] [a ē ] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
  

        
   

 
 [t]
[i ] [ā ā  a ] [] [] [i  ē] [ i ē] [  ē] [a  ū a] [ ē a a] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
  [tʰ]

[a  ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]

• • • • • • • •
 [d]
1 -307 
   
 

 

    
  [dʰ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [  ē]
• • • • • • • • • •




 
  

 
 

    [n]

[ā   ā ē] [  i ō] [ a] [a ā ē ā] [  a] [a  ē ] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]


     
  
 
  [pʰ]
[ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -308 
   
 

 

 
 

  [b]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a ā] [ā a ō] [a ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


    



 
 

 

 

    [m]
[a  a ] [i  ō] [a  ā  a] [a  ō] [a  ā ō] [ ā ē ] [] [ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
  

 
 



     

[i ] [ā a a a] [ā a a] [ē  ō ] [i ] [ē] [a] [ā  ō] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]





 

 

 
 

 


 

 


  [l]
[a  ā  a] [ ā ē  ] [ a ] [ a] [ā  ō ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
    
  



[ ā a ] [i  ē] [ a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • •
 [s]

1 -309 
   
 

 
   
  
  [h]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ū] [i  ū ā] [a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]


 

   


 
  
  


[ō ō a ā] [  ā a] [a i ā] [ ā ē ā] [ u i ] [ē a] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
87
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

     

  



[ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • •


   
 

1 -310 
   
  

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ū] [i  ū ā] [a  ā] • • • • • • • • • • •



 

   
   


  
[ō ō a ā] [a  ā a] [a i ā] [  ā a] [a i ā] [ a  ā a] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   


 
  
  

    

[ō  ā a] [a i ā] [ ā ē ā] [ u i ] [ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 






 (37-40)
[i  ē] [ a ā  i  ē ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -311 
   
 

 

    


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [ō  ē]
• • • • • • • • • •




 

 
 
 

 

   


[ā   ā ē] [ a ] [ā a] [ē  ] [ ū  a] [a  ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

 

   
 



 


[ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [a  ā  ā ā ē] [ā i  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -312 
   
 

 

    


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [ā   ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •




   


   


 
[ā   ā ē] [a a ] [ū ē] [ā   ā ē] [a a ] [u u ] [ā   ā ē] [a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 

 
 
 

 

 
[i  ū  ē] [ā   ā ē] [ a ] [ā a] [ē  ] [ ū  a] [a  ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

      
 

   
 




[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [a  ā  ā ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 (42-45)
[ā i  a ā ]
• • • • •

1 -313 
   
 

 

    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [u i ē]
• • • • • • • •





 
 
 

 
 


  
[ō    a] [ i ā] [a  ū a] [ō  a] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



      
   
 

[ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -314 
   
 

 

     


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [u i ē] [ū  a]
• • • • • • • • • •


  
  
 


   

 
[ i ā] [a  ū a] [a a] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
 

[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -315 
   
 

 

     


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [u i ē] [ū  a]
• • • • • • • • • •


  
  
 


   
 
 

[ i ā] [a  ū a] [ū a] [  i ō] [] [ē] [a  ū ā] [a  ō] [  i ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   
 

 
 


   

 
[] [ē] [a  ū ē] [ō  ē] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
88
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    

   
 
 (48-50)
[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •
 [k]

1 -316 
   
 

 

    
  [kʰ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ā] [ i ā a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
   

  



   

  


[a i ā] [ i a] [ ā ] [a i] [ i ā  ] [ō] [a] [a  ā ō] [a] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

  

  


   

  

   [ṅ]
[ē] [a] [a  ā ō] [a a] [] [ē] [a a] [a  ā ō] [a] [] [ē]
• • • • • • • •

 [c]
 

  


   

    

[a a] [a  ā ō] [a a] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

    

 
 (51-54)  [j]
[i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -317 
   
 

 

    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ā] [ i ā a]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

   


  



   

 
  [ṭ]
[a i ā] [ i a] [ ā ] [a i] [ i ā  ] [ō] [a] [a  ā ō] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]


 


   

      
 


 [ḍ]
[ i ā a] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 
  [ḍʰ]

[ā a ] [u  a ā ]

• • • • • •
 [ṇ]
1 -318 
   
 

 

     

 [t]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ē] [ a]
• • • • • • • •

   

 

 

    
 
 

  [tʰ]

[a i ā] [ ō] [a a ō] [ā ā  ō] [ i ā  ] [] [  ē ] [a ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


   

      
   
 
  [dʰ]
[a  ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -319 
   
 

 

       [n]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [ i]
• • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 


   

     
 
  [pʰ]
[  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



  [b]

[ā ā  a ]

• • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -320 
   
 

 

   

 
  [m]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [  a ē] [  a]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

 


   

      
  

[  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]



  [l]
[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

 [v]
1 -321 
   
 

 

   
 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ā ē] [  a]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [s]




  
 

 

 
     [h]
[ i ā] [ ō] [i  a ō] [ā ā  ō] [ i ā  ] [ ā ā] [] [i ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]



 

 


 
    
 

  
[ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [i ] [ā] [ō] [i  ē] [ō  ō] [] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
89
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


   
 


[i ] [ā a ] [ā ā  a ā ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -322 
   
 

    


  

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē] [i ū] [ ā  ā] [ ] [ē ō]
• • • • • • • • •

  
  
  
     

 



[i ] [ā a] [i ā ] [ā ] [ ō] [i ] [a a ] [ā   ē] [ā   ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 

  
 
   
   

[ ā  a ] [ā a] [ ē ā] [a ] [i  a ō] [ u ] [ō] [ā i ā] [a] [ō ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




    

       


[a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [i i ō] [a] [i ū ] [i ā a ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


     
 



[ a] [ ā ] [ ā a ] [i ] [i ā a ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -323 
   
 

 
   

 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ū] [  a a] [  ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 

 


 
 
 

 
  
[a a ] [ā   ē] [ā   ā ē] [a ē a] [ ā] [ā  i ā] [ i i ā] [ ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   

    
 
 

 
  
[a  ō] [i ] [a  a ] [i  ō] [ a] [a  ō] [a  ā ō] [ u ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
 


    

   
[ā i ā] [a] [ō ē ] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [i i ō] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 
 


     
 



[i ū ] [ a ] [ a] [ ā ] [ ā a ] [i ] [ a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -324 
   
 

 
   

 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ū] [  a a] [  ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 

 


 

     
 


[a a ] [ā   ē] [ā   ā ē] [a  a ] [i  ō] [a ē ] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   
 

 
    
 
   

[i  ō] [ ō] [ā  i ā] [ i i ō] [ō ] [a  ā  ō] [i ] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
   
   
 


   
[a  ā ō] [ u ] [ō] [ā i ā] [a] [ō ē ] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



      
 



[ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • •

1 -325 
   
 

 


  

 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō  ā] [a a] [ā ē ā] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 
  

 
  

 
  
[ā ā ] [ a ] [ā  ā] [ē] [ō  ē] [ a i ] [ō  ā] [ā  ē] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

   
 



 
 
[a  a] [ā ē ā] [ ā i ] [i ū] [a  ū  a  ō] [ i  ā ē ā] [ u i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    

 

  
  

 
[ā  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ] [ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 

 


    

  
 

[ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [i i ā] [u ē] [i  ē ] [a  ū  a  ō] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




     
   


[ ā ] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [a  ū  a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
90
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -326 
   
 

 

 




[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō  ā] [ ō  ā]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [k]






   
 

 

 




 

  [kʰ]
[ ō  ā] [ā  a  ō  ā] [u  ō  ā] [i  ū  ō  ā] [i  ū  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
  

 

 
  

 
  


[u  i ā] [a  a] [ā ā ] [ a ] [ā  ā] [ē] [ō  ē] [ a i ] [ō  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]


    

 

    
  [ṅ]
[ā  ē] [a i ā] [a  a] [ā ē ā] [ ā i ] [i ū] [a  ū  a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]




 
  
    

 

 
[ i  ā ē ā] [ u i ] [ā  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


  

      
   

 (64-69)  [j]
[ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [a  ū  a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -327 
   
 

 


  

 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō  ā] [a a] [ā ē ā] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 

 
  

 
  

 
    [ṭ]
[ā ā ] [ a ] [ā  ā] [ē] [ō  ē] [ a i ] [ō  ā] [ā  ē] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
 

 

    
   

 [ḍ]
[a  a] [ā ē ā] [ ā i ] [i ū] [ ē] [ā  ā] [a a  ] [  i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  
    

 

  
   [ḍʰ]

[ u i ] [ā  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ] [ē a] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]


    
  
   
 

 [t]
[ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [u ē] [i  ē] [ā a ā] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -328 
   
 

 

 



  [tʰ]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō  ā] [ ō  ā]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [d]





   
 

 

 




 

  [dʰ]
[ ō  ā] [ā  a  ō  ā] [u  ō  ā] [i  ū  ō  ā] [i  ū  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 

 
  

 
  

  [n]

[u  i ā] [a  a] [ā ā ] [ a ] [ā  ā] [ē] [ō  ē] [ a i ] [ō  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]

   

 

    
   [pʰ]
[ā  ē] [a i ā] [a  a] [ā ē ā] [ ā i ] [i ū] [ ē] [ā  ā] [a a  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
  
    

 

  
  [b]

[  i ā] [ u i ] [ā  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ] [ē a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
 

    
  
   
 
 (71-76)
 [m]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [u ē] [i  ē] [ā a ā] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
1 -329 
   
 

 

    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • •
 [r]


 


    
  

   [l]
[  i ō] [] [a a ] [a u] [a a ] [ a] [a a ] [ a] [a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
  
    

 
 


 
[ā  a a] [a a ] [u u] [a a ] [i  ū  a] [  i ō] [] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

 

      
   
 
 (77-83)  [h]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]
1 -330 
   
 

 

   

 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [u ā ā a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
91
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


   
 


 
 


   

 
[ō  a] [u a] [a  ā a  a] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

   
 

[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -331 
   
 

 

   

 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [u ā ā a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •

   
  


 
 


   


[u a] [ō  i ā] [a  ā a  a] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

   
 

[ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -332 
   
 

 

   

 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā  a] [a a ō]
• • • • • • • • • •



    



 
   

  
 
[a  a] [i u] [ē  ō ] [ā  ō] [u a] [ a ā  a] [u ō] [a ē  ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 



 
 
   
  


[a ā] [ē a] [ā  a] [ā  ā ē ā] [a  ā] [ u ] [ō] [ā i ā] [a] [ō ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




    

      
 

 
[a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
  
      
 

[] [i  ē] [u ō] [a ē  ] [a a ō] [ō] [  ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -333 
   
 

 

   

 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā  a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • •



       



 
 
  

 
[a  ō] [i ] [a] [i u] [ē  ō ] [ā  ō] [a a] [ a ā  a] [u ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   


 



 
 
 
  
 
[a ē  ] [ō] [a ā] [ ā  a] [ā  ā ē ā] [ē a] [a  ā] [ u ] [ē a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
   
 


    


[i  ō] [ ā ] [ō] [ā i ā] [a] [ō ē ] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    
 

      
  
[ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [] [] [i  ē] [u ō] [a ē  ] [a a ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   
 

[  ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -334 
   
 

 

   

 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā  a] [a a ō]
• • • • • • • • • •



    



 
   

  
 

[a  a] [i u] [ē  ō ] [ā  ō] [u a] [ a ā  a] [u ō] [a ē  ] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




  
    
   
 
[ē  ā ] [u ō] [a ē  ] [ō] [a ā] [ā  a] [a i] [ a] [ a] [ō a] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
 
   
  

 


  
[ā  ā ē ā] [a  ā] [ u ] [ō] [ā i ā] [a] [ō ē ] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

      
 

    
 
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] [] [] [i  ē] [u ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


     
     

[a ē  ] [a a ō] [] [] [u ō] [a ē  ] [a a ō] [ō] [  ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
92
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1




[u  a ā ]
• • • •
 [k]

1 -335 
   
 

 

  
 
   [kʰ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [ ō] [ a a] [ i]
• • • • • • • • •

 [g]


 


      
  
 
 

  
[ā ā ] [a  ē ] [i  ā] [a i] [a ā  a a  a ō] [ō ] [] [ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

 
       

 

 
   [ṅ]
[ ō] [u a ā a] [a i ā] [a ] [i  ō] [ ā a a ] [ ā ] [ i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
    
 

 

   

 
[a  i ā] [u a ā a] [ i  i ā] [a  ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

     

 

 

     
 


  [j]
[i i ō] [a] [i ū ] [ā a] [ ā] [ā ā  ] [ ā a ] [i ] [ ā a a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
1 -336 
   
 

 

  
 
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [ ō] [ a a] [ i]
• • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 


      
  
 
 

    [ṭ]
[ā ā ] [a  ē ] [i  ā] [a i] [a ā  a a  a ō] [ō ] [] [ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
 
   


 
 
  
 [ḍ]
[ ō] [u a ā a] [a i ā] [ ā ā  a] [ i ā] [a  ō] [a  a] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 

    
 

      [ḍʰ]

[i  ō] [ ā ] [] [ō] [ō] [ ō] [u a ā a] [ i  i ā] [a] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]




 


    
 


  

   
 [t]
[ē  ō ] [ā ] [ē] [a ē] [a  a] [ā a] [ a  ō ] [i ] [] [a] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 

        

 


   [tʰ]

[ē  ū a] [ ā  ] [] [ō] [ō] [ ō] [a ] [i  ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
 

       
 

 

   
  [dʰ]
[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [i i ō] [a] [i ū ] [ā a] [ ā] [ā ā  ] [ ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  


  [n]

[i ] [ ā a a ā ]

• • • • • •
 [p]
1 -337 
   
 

 

   
    [pʰ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a ē ] [a i]
• • • • • • • • •


  
 
 

      

 


  [b]

[a ā  a a  a ō] [ō ] [a  ō] [ ō] [a] [i u] [ā  ē ] [ ā ē ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]

   
 
      

    [m]
[u a ā a] [a i ā] [ a a] [ i] [a ] [i  ō] [ ā ] [ a] [a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

  
 


 

        

[ i] [u a ā a] [ i ā ē  ] [] [ō] [ō] [i ] [a] [ i] [u a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




   

     
  
 
  [l]
[ i ā ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
1 -338 
   
 

 

   
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā ē] [a a]
• • • • • • • •
 [s]


 

    

        [h]
[ū  a] [ā u ē ] [u ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [i i ō] [a] [i ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]


 
 
 


     
 

 


[ā u ā i ā ō] [ a] [ ā ] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā u ā i ā a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
93
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -339 
   
 

 

   
  

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā ē] [a a] [ū  a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 
   
    

   

[ ē] [ā  ā] [a a  ] [  i ō] [u ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

 

[a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ] • • • • • • •

1 -340 
   
 

 

   
  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā ē] [a a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • •



  
    
   
 
[ā u ē ] [u ] [ā ē] [a a] [ a] [ ē] [ā  ā] [a a  ] [  i ō] [u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


      

[ ē] [a ē] [a ē] [ā u ē ] [u ] [ ē] [a ē] [a ē] [ ē] [ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

    

      

[a a  ] [  i ō] [u ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 (94-97)
[ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • •

1 -341 
   
 

 

   
   
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā ē] [a a] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 

 

 

 

 
[ ō] [a a ō] [ā ā  ō] [ i ā  ] [ i  i ā] [ a ē ā] [a  ē ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

      
   
 

[u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -342 
   
 

 

   

  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ē ] [u i a]
• • • • • • • • • •



 

 
 

 
     

 



[a  ē i] [ā  ā a] [a ā  ] [a  ē ] [ā  ā] [a] [i u] [ō ē u] [a  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   


      
 



[a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [   i a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -343 
   
 

 

   

  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ ē ] [u i a]
• • • • • • • • • •



  
   
 

 
    
[a  ē i] [ ē] [ā  ā] [a a  ] [  i ō] [a  ē ] [ā  ā] [a] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


    

      

[ō ē u] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

[ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • •

1 -344 
   
 

 
    


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ u ā] [ u a] [a i ā] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • •


 

 
  
 

 

  
[ ā] [ō ā  ] [a  ē] [i ē] [a ā ] [i  i ā ] [ a ] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
    

 

 
[a  ū  a  ō] [u ā ē u] [ā  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

      
   


[ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [a  ū  a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
94
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -345 
   
 

 
    


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ u ā] [ u a] [a i ā] [ ā] 
• • • • • • • • • •
[k]


 

 
  
 

 

     [kʰ]
[ ā] [ō ā  ] [a  ē] [i ē] [a ā ] [i  i ā ] [ a ] [i ū] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

   
 

 
    

 


[ā  ā] [a a  ] [  i ā] [u ā ē u] [ā  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[gʰ]

 
  

    
  
  
  [ṅ]
[u ē ] [ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [u ē] [i  ē] [ā a ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]



[ā ā  a ]
• • • •
 [cʰ]

1 -346 
   
 

 

 


  

  [j]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [ō ā  ō] [u ē] [ā  a]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]


 
 


 

    
 

 

 
[ā a ē ā] [u ā a] [ ā ] [a  ō] [i ] [a  ū  a ] [a  ē ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

 

     

 


    

   [ṭ]
[ō] [ō ā  ō] [a] [i u] [ō ē ] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
    
  


 [ḍ]
[ ā a ] [i ] [a  ū  a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -347 
   
 

 

    
  [ḍʰ]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  a ] [i  ō] [ i]
• • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]

 


 
  

 
  
   
 [t]
[ a a ] [ ā a] [a  ō] [u a] [ā  a] [ā ē] [a a] [ō ] [ō] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 
     

 


   [tʰ]

[ā  ā a] [a ā  ] [a  ē ] [ā  ā] [a] [i u] [ō ē u] [a  ō ] [a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
  

      
 


  [dʰ]
[a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [   i a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -348 
   
 

 

    
  [n]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  a ] [i  ō] [ i]
• • • • • • • • •
 [p]

 


 
  

 
  
     [pʰ]
[ a a ] [ ā a] [a  ō] [u a] [ā  a] [ā ē] [a a] [ō ] [ō] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   
 

 
     

  [b]

[ ē] [ā  ā] [a a  ] [  i ō] [a  ē ] [ā  ā] [a] [i u] [ō ē u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]



    

      
  
  [m]
[a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]



[ā ā  a ]
• • • •
 [r]
1 -349 
   
 

 

       [l]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a  u i] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]

 
 
    

      
 


[ō a] [ō a] [ u ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[s]

  

 
  [h]
[ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • •

 [ḷ]
1 -350 
   
 

 
   
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ū] [a  i ā]
• • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
95
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1



  




 
  


  


  

[ a ] [a a] [ i ā ā ] [ē ō] [a a] [] [ē] [ē  ā a ] [] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  

  


 


 

 

   
 
[ā ā  ā] [ō] [ ō] [ō] [ā ā  ō ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ā a i] [u ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
   
 

[i  ē] [ā a ā] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -351 
   
 

 
   
  
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā] [i ū] [a  i ā] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • •




 

 
 


 


   
   

 
[ i ā] [ā ē u] [ē ] [ā   ā ē] [ē  ē a ] [ ō] [] [a  ā  ō] [ū ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

  
 


 


 

 

  
 
[ē] [ē  ā a ] [] [ a] [ā ā  ā ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ā a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
   
 

[u ē] [i  ē] [ā a ā] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

1 -352 
   
 

 

   
   
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā a  a] [u i ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 


   

   

[ā  a ] [a  u i] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     

 

[a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ] • • • • • • •

1 -353 
   
 

 

   
   
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ā a  a] [u i ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •



 
 

 
 
 


  
[ā  a ] [u  u i] [ā  u i] [ u i] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



      
   
 
 (110-112)
[ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -354 
   
 

 
  

 

 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a  a] [a  ē] [ō  ā] [ā i]
• • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

 


 

   

[a ā] [a a] [ā i ā] [ē  a] [ ā ē ā] [ a ] [i ū] [a  ū  a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
  

    

 

 
[ i  ā ē ā] [ u i ] [ō  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

      
   


[ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [a  ū  a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -355 
   
 

 
  

 

 

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a  a] [a  ē] [ō  ā] [ū  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 

 


 

   

[a ā] [a a] [ā i ā] [ē  a] [ ā ē ā] [ a ] [i ū] [a  ū  a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 
  

    

 

 
[ i  ā ē ā] [ u i ] [ō  ā] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  

      
   


[ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [a  ū  a i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -356 
   
 

 

    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a  a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
96
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

    




 
 


   

 
[ū a] [ a] [a  ā a  a] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

    

   
 
  [kʰ]
[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •

 [g]
1 -357 
   
 

 

    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [ a  a] [a ā]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

   




 
 


   

   [ṅ]
[ a] [ā i ā] [a  ā a  a] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
    
   
 

[ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

1 -358 
   
 

 
      [j]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a  ā] [i ū] [a a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]



 
  

      

 

 
[ā ā ē ā] [ u i ] [ā ā  ā] [i ū] [ē] [i ū] [ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ñ]


  

  


 

 


    [ṭ]
[ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [i i ā] [u ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
 

 


 
 


     
  




 [ḍ]
[i  ē ] [ ō a ā ] [ a] [ ā ] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [ ō a ā ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -359 
   
 

 
      [ḍʰ]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a  ā] [i ū] [a a ] [a u]
• • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
 
  

    
  
 [t]
[a a ] [ a] [a a ] [ a] [a a ] [ā  a a] [a a ] [u u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 


 
  

       [tʰ]

[a a ] [i  ū  a] [ā ā ē ā] [ u i ] [ā ā  ā] [i ū] [ē] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


 

  
  

      
   [dʰ]
[ō ē u] [a   ] [u ē ] [ē a] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 (118-123)
 [n]

[ ō a ā ā ] • • • • •

 [p]
1 -360 
   
 

 


    

  [pʰ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā  ā] [i ū a] [a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
 
 
 
   [b]

[ ] [i ū] [ō ē u] [ ē] [i  ā] [ ē] [ā u ] [u u ā a ā] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 


 

 


     
  

  [m]
[ i a a ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [ō  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]



[ā ē ] • •
 [r]
1 -361 
   
 

 

 



 




  [l]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ā  ā] [ ā  ā] [ ā  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
  
 

 

 




    

 
[ā  a  ā  ā] [u  ā  ā] [i  ū  ā  ā] [i ū a] [i  ū  a] [ ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

  

  
 
 
 
  
  [h]
[i ū] [ō ē u] [ ē] [i  ā] [ ē] [ā u ] [u u ā a ā] [] [ i a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]



 

 


     
  

 

 (125-130)
[ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [ō  a ] [ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
97
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

1 -362 
   
 

 

    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [ā u]
• • • • • • • • •




 
 
 
   
      
[ā  ā  a] [ i ā] [a  ō] [ ā a ] [u a] [ a a ē ] [i ū] [a] [i u]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


    

 


 

 



[ō ē u] [a  ō ] [a ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

     



 
 


     
 




[i i ō] [a] [i ū ] [ā  ā  ō] [ a] [ ā ] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā  ā  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -363 
   
 

 

    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • •


 


   
 


  
 
[  i ō] [] [a a ] [a  a] [  i ō] [] [a a ] [u  a] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 


   

      
  

[  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •



 (132-134)
[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -364 
   
 

 

    

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [u  a]
• • • • • • • • • •

 
 

   

      
 


[ a] [  i ō] [ā ē ] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i ] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

 

[ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • •

1 -365 
   
 

 

    
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [a a]
• • • • • • • • •


 


   

      
  

[  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a] [i ] [ā a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •




[ā ā  a ]
• • • •

1 -366 
   
 

 

     
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a  ō] [i ] [a a ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • •

    


  

  


 
[a a ] [ i] [a a ] [i ō  a] [a a ] [ ā a] [a a ] [ā ō  a i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 


 
 


   

    

[a a ] [ō ā  i] [  i ō] [] [a ] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ā a i] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

 
 (137-142)
[i ] [ā a ō] [ā ā  a ]
• • • • • • •

1 -367 
   
 

   

 


[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [i ū] [a  a ] [ ā  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • •





 


 
 
  

   

 


[ ā  ō a] [ē ā  a] [a a ] [ u a ] [] [ō] [ō] [ ā  ō] [u ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 

 
 
 
 

 

[i ] [ ā ē ] [ a ] [ā ] [ a ā] [a a ] [ ō a] [a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


  


 

 


   
 
 


[ u i a  ] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [] [i  ē] [a a ] [ ō ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
98
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


 
   
    
 

[a a ] [ u  a ō] [ō] [ u  ] [ā a ] [u  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]


    


    

1 -368   [kʰ]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [i ū] [ ō  a a ] [a  a a ] • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

 
 

  
  
  
 
[ u] [u u ā a ā] [ ā a] [  a ] [a ā ] [  ā ] [a  ā ] [ ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]




 

 


 


  
 


 
  [ṅ]
[ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā ā ] [i  ē] [ā  ā  a] [ u ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
1 -369 
   
 

 
 

   
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [a ā a] [u  a ā ] [i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



    

     

   
  [j]
[a ē ā  ] [i  ] [u  a ā ] [i  ā] [ a ā  a] [a ā] [a ā] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]




 
 


 
 
 
   
 
[ē  ā u] [ā u ] [ ā ē ā] [ i ā] [a  ā] [ u ] [ā] [ā i ā] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 

     

  

       [ṭ]
[ō ē ] [a   ] [a ] [a ā] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [] [ō] [ā] [i  ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
   

 


       

 


  
[i   a] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē ] [i  ō] [i ū a] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [i ū] 
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
[ḍ]




 

 


     
  

  
  [ḍʰ]

[ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [ā ā  a ] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]





 


 [t]
[a  ā  ā ā ē] [ā i  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -370 
   
 

 


 

     [tʰ]

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā  ē] [u  a ā ] [i  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]


    

     

   
  [dʰ]
[a ē ā  ] [i  ] [u  a ā ] [i  ā] [ a ā  a] [a ā] [a ā] [i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




 
 


 
 
 
   
   [n]

[ ō  a] [ā  u ] [ ā ē ā] [ i ā] [a  ā] [ u ] [ā] [ā i ā] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]


 

     

     
   [pʰ]
[ō ē ] [a   ] [a ] [a ā] [u u a] [ ō ] [ē] [ ā a ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



   
 



 

  [b]

[ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [a  ā  ā ā ē] [ā i  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]
1 -371 
   
 

 

 

   [m]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē ā  a] [ā a  ō] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]
 
 


  

      
  
[ a ā a ] [ ō] [ē] [ā  ā] [ ] [u ō] [] [ā   ō] [] [] [ō] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]




 

  



   

  
   [l]
[] [ā a a a] [a  a] [ē  ō ] [ a] [a ē] [ō ā a] [ō] [ ē a] [i a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]



  
 
  
 
  

 


[ā  ā a] [a ō] [ō ] [ a ō] [a ] [ā i  ā  ] [ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]

 

 
  
 
 

  
    [h]
[a ] [ ō] [ā   ō] [a ō] [ō ] [ a ō] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [a  ō] [a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [ḷ]


  

 
   


   


[ō ā a] [a ] [ā  a ] [ā i ] [ō] [ē ] [ā   ē ] [ u a ] [a  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
99
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

  

 
 
    
  

 

[ā a ] [a  ē ] [] [ō] [a ] [ ō] [u ō] [ā a a a] [ā a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •





      
 
     

[ē  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [a ē] [ā a ] [ ō] [ā a ō] [u ō] [ā] [ā   ō] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  

  

 
       

[u ō] [ō] [ā  ō] [ ō] [ā a ō ] [ a] [a ē] [a ō] [a  ō] [a ā a] [ā   a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 
  

 
 

 
 

 
[a ā a] [ē  a ] [ā i  ] [a  ō] [ā  ō] [ā a ā] [a  ō ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  

 
 



 
  
 

[ā a ā] [a  ō] [ā a a a] [ā a a] [ē  ō ] [ē ] [ē] [ā  ō] [ā a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 
   
 

 

 
 

   
[ i  a ] [ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā a ā] [ ā ] [ā a  ō] [a  a ] [a ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

   
 
 

 
 



    

[ō ] [] [ō] [ā a ā] [ ā ] [ā a a a] [ā a a] [ē  ō ] [ō] [] [ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  

 
 

   


[ā a ] [ā  ē ] [ a] [ō ā a] [i a ā a ] [ā i  ā  ] [u ō] [a ] [ā i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

    

     
 

   
 

[i] [ō] [ā a   ] [] [a ē] [i ] [ā a ] [a  ō] [u  a a  ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  

  

 
 

 
[ā  ō] [ā a ā] [a  ō] [ā  ē ] [ a] [ō ā a] [i a ā a ] [ā i ā ] [u ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
    
  

 

[a ] [ā i ] [ ā a ] [ā  ō] [ā a  ō] [a  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -372 
   
 

 


    
 
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā ā  a] [ā a  ō] [ i  a a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

   
    
    
 
[ a ā  a] [ō ē ]
• • • • • • [ a  a] [ō ] [ē] [] [ā  ā] [ ā] [ ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • •

   

    
    
  
  
   
[ā a ā] [ i  a ō]
• • [ē] [ā  ē] [i  ā] [ā ē ā] [ā ā ē] [ ē ] [ u ā] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
 
 


 


[ā  ē] [a i ā] [a a ā a] [ i  a a ] [i ā  ā ō ] [ā a a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
 
   
   
 

 

[ i  a ē] [ i   i ] [i ū] [u ā a ] [i a ] [ ā  ] [ a ] [ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  

   
  
  
  

[ā a ā] [ i  a ō] [ō ē ] [ ē] [ā  ē] [ā    ] [ ō] [ē  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




     
     


[ā ō ē u] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [i  a ] [i  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -373 
   
 

    
   

[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ē] [i ū] [ ā  ā] [ ] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • •

     

 
 
 
 

     
[] [ ō] [] [ē ō] [ā  ē] [] [ē ō] [ō a  a] [] [ō] [a ] [i  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •



 
  

 
 
 

 

[ā  ā] [ō a i] [a a a ] [a  ā a ē] [ i] [ a a ] [ū  ā a] [a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 
       

 
 


[u ā] [ē  a ] [ā ē] [a ā] [ō ] [ō] [i ] [ā  ā a] [a ā  ] [a  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
100
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1


     

 


       

[ā  ā] [a] [i u] [ō ē u] [a  ō ] [a ] [a] [u i a] [ō ā  ā] [a i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]





 
  
  


  



 
  
 [kʰ]
[ē  ō ] [ē ] [a ē] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē ā ] [ō] [ ā ā a] [a  ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]
   

 
     


[a ā] [ē  a] [a a] [ ē i ā] [ō a i] [a ā] [i ū a] [ē  a a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]




   


 

 


     
  


  [ṅ]
[ā ō ē ] [i ū] [ ō] [ē  a a] [ā ō ē u] [ ā a ] [i  ē] [ i ā ā ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]


   
 




 



[ā ā  a ] [ā a ] [ē  a  ā ō ē] [ā ā  a ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]

1 -374 
   
 

 


 

 
  [j]
[ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ā  ā a] [ā a  ō] [a  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [jʰ]
 
   
    
 
 

 



[a  ā  ō] [i ] [ ā] [  ō] [ā  a ] [ē  a] [ i ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]



 
 



 

 
  

  
  [ṭ]
[ā a a a] [a  a] [ē  ō ] [a  ō] [ a] [a ē] [i  i ā  ] [i] [ ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]

 
   


 



 

  
 
 [ḍ]
[ā  ō] [ a ] [ō] [ a a] [ā ō ē ] [ā  ā ē ā] [a ā ē ] [a] [a ā  a] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

 
    
  


 

 

   [ḍʰ]

[a  ā  ē] [a ] [ ā a ] [ā  ō] [ā ā  a ā ] [a  a] [ ā ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
  


 [t]
[i ] [  ]
• • •

 [tʰ]
1 -375 


 
  [d]
[ ā ā  a] [ a a] • • • • • •

 [dʰ]

 [n]

 [p]









  [pʰ]
( 1 -1.1.3
1.1.3)) ( 1 -1.1.3
1.1.3))
# [ ā ā  i ā ] • • • • • •
#  [b]

 [bʰ]

1 -376 
 


  

 

 
 


  [m]

[ē ] [ ē ] [u ō] [ ā] [ē ā  a] [] [ ā  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [y]





 
  

 


 

    






 [r]
[ū ā ā  ā ā a] [ē ] [ō] [] [ ē ] [ ā] [i ū a] [ ē  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 

  

 




  

 
  [l]

[ a] [ ē ] [ ā ] [a a] [ā ] [ ā  ā ] [a a] [ā ] [ā i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [v]

 
 
  

  [s]
[ā i ] [ ā a  ā] [a a] [ā ]
• • • • • • • •

1 -377 

  
   

 

  
  [h]

[] [ō] [ ā] [i ū] [ā a ē ] [i ā  a] [i  ē] • • • • • • • • • •
 [ḷ]


 
 
 

 

 
 

  [ŋ̊]
[a  ā a] [ a   u] [a ] [ē ] [ a  a ō] [a a ] [ē ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
101
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
 





 
 
     


 
  
[i  ā   ā  ē ā ] [ē a] [a ē ] [ō] [ē] [i ū] [ ō] [ i  i ā] [ ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


 

 


 
 
  
  





[ō ] [ a a] [ a ] [a a ] [ē ē ] [i  ā   ā  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -378   

  




 

 

 


[i ū] [ ā] [ō] [ ē  ā ē ] [ a] [ ē ] [ ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 




  

 
 
 
  

[a a] [ā ] [ ā  ā ] [a a] [ā ] [ā i ] [ā i ] [ ā a  ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

   





 







 
 
[a a] [ā   ] [ē] [ ē ā ā  ō ā a] [ ā  ā  ō  u ā] [ a ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

  

   
 
   
[ ē ] [ā ē ] [a  a ] [ ā a ] [ u a ] [  ā ] [ā ] [i ] [ā] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
  



  



  


 
[ā] [ ō] [ ā] [a  ā  ō] [ a ā ō] [ ē ] [ā] [u  ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •






   

   
  



[ u  ē ] [ā] [a ē] [ā a ē ] [a   ] [ ā  ] [ u  ] [ē  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
   
    
 
[ē] [i ū] [ ē ] [ā ē ] [a  a ā] [ ā a ā] [ u a ā] [a  ā ] [a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
   
 
 




[  ā] [ō ō  ] [a  a a ] [  ā] [ō ō  ] [ a  a ] [ u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
    

  
[ a  i ā] [ē a] [ a ] [ā ] [ō] [ā  ō] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [ a] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

 

  
 



  


 

[a    a] [ i   ] [] [ō] [ a  ō] [ u  ō] [a    ē ] [ ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    

 

 
 

 
  

[a  ē] [i ū] [  ā] [ō ō ē ā] [ō  a] [ i] [ā ā ] [ē ] [a  ā] [ ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





[ē  a ]
• • •

1 -379 

  
 



 

  

[] [ō] [ a  a ] [ u  a ] [ō  a] [a] [ i] • • • • • • • • • • •


 

  
 

 

 

   
 
[ō a a ] [ ē ] [u u a] [] [i  ā ō] [ ā ā] [] [ē] [] [] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • •


  

    
   
 

 
 

[ā ā] [u a a] [] [ē] [] [] [ē] [ a a] [ u] [] [ ā] [ u a]
• • • • • • • • •


 
   
 

  


 

 
[ a] [ō a] [i ū] [  a ē] [a ā  a ē] [  ā] [ō ō ē i ] [] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 


 

 
 

 
 
 

[a  ā] [ā  ā  ā] [ē  ā] [ i  ā ē] [ ē] [ā a ā] [ a  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 



 
 
  
    
[ u  a] [ē  ō ] [ā ] [ā ] [a ] [ā ā] [ē] [a ] [ a a] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 
   
    


[a ] [ u] [ ā] [a ] [u a] [ a] [a] [a] [ i ē] [ā ē  ]
• • • • • • • • • • •

1 -380 

  
 



 
    
[] [ō] [ a  ō] [ u  ō] [ā ā] [] [ē] [ a a] [] • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
102
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

   
  
 
 
 

  
[ē] [ u] [] [ ā] [u a] [ a] [ i ē] [ ā a] [ā ē  ] [i a] [ i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]



 

 
 


 

 

 
 

   [kʰ]
[ā ā ] [ ā ē ] [ ā a] [ ē ē ] [ ē a] [ a  i ā] [ē a] [ ē ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]

  
      


 
 
 


[ i ō] [a] [ā ē  ] [a ] [ē] [ē] [i ū] [   ā ā] [ē a] [a i] [ ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]



 
 
   
 

  
     [ṅ]
[ō  ē ] [ a] [ō ] [a  a a] [ō ] [ō  a ō] [ē] [] [ē] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]


 
 
 

    
      
[  ā ā] [ē a] [a i] [ ē] [] [ō ] [ a] [] [ō ] [a  a a] [] [ō ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]



  [j]
[ō  a ō]
• • •

 [jʰ]
1 -381 
    


 
    


[] [ō] [ a  ō] [ u  ō] [ē a ] [i u] [ē ā ē ] • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ñ]

  

    


   

    
 


  [ṭ]
[  ā] [ō ō ē ] [ē ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [ ō ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṭʰ]
  

  
   


   

  
   
 [ḍ]
[  ā] [ō ō ē ] [a ā ō ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [a ] [i ū]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •




   

 
   


   

   [ḍʰ]

[ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [] [i ū] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [ a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [ṇ]
  


   

    


   


 [t]
[i ū] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [i a ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


   


   

  
    


  [tʰ]

[a ā  a ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [a ā a ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [d]
  

    


   

  [dʰ]
[  ā] [ō ō ē ] [a i ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -382 

  
  
 

 

  [n]

[] [ō] [ ā] [a ] [a  ā a ] [a  ē ] [ a ā ā] • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [p]
 

 
 

     
    [pʰ]
[u  ō] [ā a a a] [ā a a] [ā a ē ] [i] [] [ō] [ā a ] [ ū ō] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
  
  

    





  [b]

[i  a ō ] [ ā] [] [] [a ē] [ ā] [i ū a] [ ē  ā ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [bʰ]


 

 

  

 




  

 
  [m]
[ a] [ ē ] [ ā ] [a a] [ā ] [ ā  ā ] [a a] [ā ] [ā i ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [y]

 
  
  

      

 
[ā i ] [ ā a  ā] [a a] [ā ] [ē] [] [a ē] [i ū] [ ā] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • •
 [r]







 

 

 

  

 




  [l]
[ ē  ā ē ] [ a] [ ē ] [ ā ] [a a] [ā ] [ ā  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [v]
 

 
 
 
  
  

 
[a a] [ā ] [ā i ] [ā i ] [ ā a  ā] [a a] [ā   ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [s]








 







 
   
 

  [h]
[ ē ā ā  ō ā a] [ ā  ā  ō  u ā] [ a ] [ē] [ ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ā ē ] • •

 [ḷ]
 

   
 
     


[a  a ] [ ā a ] [ u a ] [  ā ] [ā ] [i ] [ā] [ ō] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • [ ō] •
 [ŋ̊]

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
103
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 



  



  


 
[ ā] [a  ā  ō] [ a ā ō] [ ē ] [ā] [u  ē ] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •






   

   
  



[ u  ē ] [ā] [a ē] [ā a ē ] [a   ] [ ā  ] [ u  ] [ē  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

  
   
    
 
[ē] [i ū] [ ē ] [ā ē ] [a  a ā] [ ā a ā] [ u a ā] [a  ā ] [a ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

  
 
   
 
 




[  ā] [ō ō  ] [a  a a ] [  ā] [ō ō  ] [ a  a ] [ u  a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 
 
    

  
[ a  i ā] [ē a] [ a ] [ā ] [ō] [ā  ō] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [ a] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 

 

   
 



  



[a    a] [ i   ] [] [ō] [a ē] [ a  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • [ u  ō] [a    ē ] • • • • • • • •


      


  


     



[ ō] [ē a ] [i u] [ē ā ē ] [  ā] [ō ō ē ] [ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • [a i ] [i ū] [ē ā ē ]
• • • • • •

 

 
  

  

 

 


[  ā] [ō ō ē ] [ā ] [a ē] [ ā] [a a] [ ā a] [ā i ] [ ā a]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 

 


 

   


[i  a ō] [a ā ] [a   ā ] [ē  ā a ] [ā  ā] [i ū] [ē ā i]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
    



 

 
 
 
[ i ā ] [ a ] [ē] [a ē] [ a ā  ā ā a] [a  ā ē  ] [ē a] [a ē ] [ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 
 


 
  

   

 


[ā a ā] [ā a ō] [ ō] [ i  i ā] [ā  ā] [i ū] [ē ā i] [ i ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


    



 

 
 

 



[ a ] [ē] [a ē] [ a ā  ā ā a] [a  ā ē ā] [ē ] [ ā] [ē  a ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



 

 



 
     


[ a  i ā] [ a a] [ē  ō ] [a  ō] [a ē] [i  a ō] [a  ā ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 

 
 

[a ē] [ ā] [ā a] [a   ]
• • • • • •

1 -383 

    
  

 


 


[] [ō] [ ā] [ē ] [ a ā  ā ā] [ē  a ] [ a  i ā] • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 
 

     
   


[a a ē] [ā  ē] [  ] [ a ] [ō] [ ā] [i ū] [ā a ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 -384 
   
 





 
 


[ a ] [ō] [i  ē] [ā ā ā a  ā ] [ā  ō] [   ō] • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

       




         
[a ō] [ē ] [  ō] [] [ ē  ō] [] [ ō] [] [ ā ō] [u a u a ē] []
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
  

 


 


  
  

[ā  ē] [ ē] [a ē] [ā  ō] [a  ā ē ] [ū  ē ] [  ā ] [i  ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

   

 
 

 

 





 


[i ā a] [a  ē] [ā ē] [ a] [ ō a a] [ ē a] [ ā  ā  ē ō] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •





 


 


   
 





 

[a  ā ē ] [ū  ē ] [ē  ē ] [ō] [i  ē] [ā ā ā a  ā ] [ā  ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •



  
 
   


    
   
[   ō] [a ō] [ē ] [  ō] [] [ ē  ō] [] [ ō] [] [ ā ō] [u a u a ē]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
104
garu - Prolonged Syllable [a-] [a] [ā] [i] [ī] [u] [ū] [ē] [ō] [aŋ̊]
 Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Pāḷi Alphabet and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1

 
 

  

 



 



[] [ā  ē] [ ē] [a ē] [ā  ō] [a  ā ē ] [ū  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [k]

1 -385 
 
   
 





 
  [kʰ]
[ a] [ā  ō] [] [i  ē] [ā ā ā a  ā ] [ a]
• • • • • • • • • • • •

 [g]


  
 
   


    

[   ō] [a ō] [ē ] [  ō] [] [ ē  ō] [] [ ō] [] [ ā ō]
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [gʰ]

    


 

  

 



 


  [ṅ]
[u a u a ē] [] [ā  ē] [ ē] [a ē] [ā  ō] [a  ā ē ] [ū  ē ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

 [c]
  
   


  


  



 
[] [i  ē] [i ] [ a  ō] [ā] [u  ū  ō] [ā] [u ā ā  ō] [ā]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
 [cʰ]


  