National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

ABSTRACTS

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

CONTENTS

S. NO Title of the paper Page No

A preliminary work on plant diversity of South andaman islands,
india.
1 Dr. M. ChennakesavuluNaik, Dr. M. Bheemalingappa and Dr. LalJi 9
SinghBotanical Survey of India,
Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102,
In-vitro antioxidant activity of chiral acyclic tridentate tellurated
2 Schiff’s base ligands and their palladium(II) complexes 10
H. R. Rajegowda, and Riyaz Ur Rahaman Khan
Dept. of Chemistry, Acharya Institutes for Graduate Studies (AIGS), Bengaluru
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antimicrobial Activity of 3,5-
diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-isoxazolines 3(a-h): Structure-Activity and
3 Relationship 11
Ravi R. Vidule, G. B. Rahatikar, Mohammad A. Baseer
Department of Chemistry, Shri Sant Gadge Maharaj Mahavidylaya Loha, Nanded
Development of novel phytochemical-sulfadrug conjugates as
prospective anti-MRSA drugs: A systematic medicinal chemistry
4 based computational approach 12
Shasank Sekhar Swain, Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty, Tahziba Hussain,
Sanghamitra Pati, Rabindra Nath Padhy
ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Phosphine and Copper free Sonogashiracoupling
reaction catalysed by Selaginella plant extract supported
5 palladium nanoparticles 13
Marulasiddeshwara M. B, Dakshayani S. S, P. RaghavendraKumar
DOSR In Organic Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur3, Karnataka, India
Synthesis, characterization of new pyrimidine based derivatives
and their photophysical and electrochemical properties.
6 14
Golla Ramesh and Raghavendra Kumar P.
Dept. of Chemistry, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumkur
Synthesis, characterisation of new ni(ii) and cu(ii) complexes
7 containing (o,n) type of schiff bases and their antimicrobial activity 16
Satheesh C E, P. Raghavendra Kumar.
Dept. of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka,
India as a Mega Diversity Nation
8 B. Ranganath 16
Head of the Department of Chemistry, Nalanda PU College, Hubli, Karnataka
Isolation and evaluation of anticancer compounds from
Emblicaofficinalis
9 17
Dr. Y. Venkateswarlu,
Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. City College, Khairatabad, Hyderabad,
Natural Products Research to Medicine: An Empirical Study
10 Smt.K.Chandra Rekha, Dr. K. Nagaraja Setty 17
1Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College for Men, Kurnool
Binary liquids importance in all chemistry based industries
11 G.Tejaswini, 18
Dept. of Chemistry, SVD Govt. Degree College (W), Nidadavole
Nano particles from plant extracts and its applications
12 20
J.Lakshmi mangamma and P.Ch.Anuradha

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

1
Dept. of Chemistry, VSK Govt.Degree College, Visakhapatnam, A.P
Molecular Docking studies on active compounds of
13 AdansoniadigitataL. against hHH2R 21
B. Dhanasree, Nizamuddin Basha. S
1
Assist Professor of Biochemistry, Dept. Of Biochemistry, KVR G C (w), Kurnool,
Microalgae for waste water treatment and biofuels
14 Smt J Lavanya 22
Lecturer in Botany SGA GDC Yellamanchili,VSP
Chemical Sciences and Analytical Methods: A Research
Perspective
15 22
Dr. K. Nagaraja Setty, Smt.K.Chandra Rekha,
1
Dept of Chemistry, SML Govt. Degee College, Yemmiganur
Spectroscopic Tools for Structural Elucidation of Natural Products
Dr. P. Suresh, J.Venkata Lakshmi, S.Prakasha Rao, Dr.
16 23
A.RameshBabu, Dr. K. Lakshmi Prameela& Dr.G. Lakshmana Rao
1
Dept. of Chemistry, SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa Dt
Conservation of Biodiversity
17 Dr. Mohammad Osman Ahmed 23
Reader in Zoology,Osmania College (NAAC -A Grade) Kurnool,
Applications of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in Analytical
18 Chemistry 24
L.Raja Mohan Reddy,M.Thaidun1,M.Obula Reddy and P.Guruprathap
Reddy
1
Dept.of Physics,Loyola Degree Collge(YSRR),Pulivendla,A.P-516390,India
Inhibitory effect of spices and fruits on drug resistant bacteria
19 Staphylococcus aureus 25
D. VijayaSree & K. Geethanjali
Lecturer in Biotechnology, Govt. college for Women (A), Guntur
One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione
20 Derivatives Using DBU as Green and Recyclable Catalyst 25
T. Sekhar, P. Thriveni*, M. Harikrishna And K. Murali
Department of Chemistry, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524 003, India
Industrial Biotechnology: Its Prospects and Programmes for the
21 Development of Industries 26
Marur Ramesh
Lecturer in Chemistry, SAPS Aided Jr. College, Gorantla, Anantapur Dt. A P
The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life
22 Dr.U.Srineetha 27
Department of Zoology, Govt. College for Men (AUTONOMOUS), Kadapa, AP.
Pheromones –Ecofriendly Pesticides
J.Venkata Lakshmi, S.Prakash Rao.Dr.P.Suresh, B.Rajeswari,
23 27
P.Bayapa Reddy
1
Department of Chemistry, SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa (Dt
Synthesis of Dithiocarbamate Complexes and their anti microbial
24 activity. Dr. K.Venugopal. 28
Department of Chemistry, Govt Degree College Pattikonda, Kurnool Dist.A.P., India
A stability indicating LC-MS method for determination of
25 perindopril and its process related impurities 28
Bondigalla Ramachandra
Department of Chemistry, Government College for Men (A), Kadapa

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

A review on Bioremediation and its applications in sustainable

26 environmental management 29
Dr C. NarasimhaRao and DrU.Srineetha
Dept. of Zoology, Govt.College for Men (A), Kadapa, AP.
ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN SUSTAINABLE HUMAN
27 LIFEDr.D.MallikarjunaRaoand Dr.M.Renuka 30
1
Principal, Besant theosophical college, Madanapalli, Chittoor(Dist)
How to Grab an opportunity – which follows success
28 30
Dr S.Anith
Pathogenecityof vibriosps in seafoods
29 M.Sireesha,S.Anoodbanu ,M.Praveena Lakshmi 31
Dept of biotechnology SKR&SKR GDCW(A) Kadapa
Ameliorate hypoglycemic activity of Achyranthesaspera leaf
methanolic extract on STZ induced diabetic male Wistar rats.
30 Nukala. Srinivasulu, Putakala. Mallaiah, Gujjalla. Sudhakar, B. 32
SasiBhusana Rao, Desireddy. Saralakumari
1
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Dna Binding And Antibacterial
Activity of Transition Metal Complexes with Novel Schiff Base Ligand.
31 32
D. Dhanalakshmi & K. Hussain Reddy
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of
32 Functionalized Hydrazones 33
D. Kasim Bee, K. Hussain Reddy and N. Devanna
1
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu
Crystal structure and dna binding properties of transition metal
33 complexes with 2 -formyl pyridine benzoylhydrazone. 34
K. Anuja & K. Hussain Reddy
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,Ananthapuramu
Synthesis characterization biological evaluation and docking
studies of novelmannich bases bearing 2-phenoxy-1,3,2-
34 benzodioxaphosphol-2-oxide-oxoazetidin and pyrazol-5-one rings. 35
D.Madhavi*, L.K.Ravindhranath.
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,Ananthapuramu
DNA binding and antimicrobial activity studies on mixed ligand
transition metal complexes with1,10-phenanthroline and 2-
35 acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone 37
Kummara Srinivasulu K. Hussain Reddy* K. Anja & D. Dhanalakshmi
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,Ananthapuramu
Preparation and formulation of cefixime microspheres
36 Y. Manjula Devi, G.Sailaja 37
Contract lecturer in Chemistry, KSN GDC (W), Anantapur.
Environmental Biotechnology
37 C.ChandraSekharReddy 38
Dept of BioChemistry, S.K.University, Anantapuramu
The Capacity of Emergent Novel Biotechnological applications for
38 health and well- being benefits 39
Dr. E. Sreedevi and Dr. P. Padma Sree
1
Lecturer in Botany, Government Degree College, Tadipatri, Anantapur (Dist.,),
Simultaneous second order method for the determination of
39 40
Manganese (II) and Nickel (II) by spectrophotometry

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

M.Satyanarayana Rao, P.Saifulla Khan and P.Raveendra Reddy

1. Department of Chemistry, Govt. College (A), Anantapuramu.
Nanotechnological studies on active principles ofWithaniasomnifera
40 K.Bhuvana Chandra Mohan, M.Tech 40
Research scholar, Department of Food Technology,JNTU -Anantapur
SERICULTURE –BIOTECHNOGY
41 41
K.V.S.Ganesh & D.Saikumar- S.V. Degree & P.G college , Ananthapur
Role of hydrophonics in agriculture
42 Y. Harshini, B. Saitejaswee, N. Sravani & K. Snehalatha 42
Dept of Biotechnology, S. V Degree & PG College, Anantapuramu
Plants as Antifungal Factories
43 S. Mohammad Rafi 43
Final year B.Sc. BTMC, SSBN Degree college, Anantapuramu
Swine flu (h1n1) virus –therapeutic effects of a preventive
44 flu drugs 44
M.Surendra &D.Saihimaja
SSBN Degree And PG College, Anantapur.
Natural products (Biopesticides)
45 D. Saikumar& K.V.S Ganesh 45
III B.sc(B.M.C) , S.V DEGREE & P.G college, Ananthapur
Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Poly Ethylene
46 glycol 46
G.Sai vaishnavi and D. Muralidhara rao
Bioprocess Division, Dept of Biotechnology, SKU ATP
Significance of micropropagation in agriculture
47 P. Sumanth & N. Kiran 46
Dept of Biotechnology, S. V Degree & PG College, Anantapuramu.
Simultaneous determination of U(VI) and Pd (II) using 4-
hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone by second order
48 derivative Spectrophotometric technique. 47
K. P. Satheeshand T.Sailaja Rani
1*. Department of Chemistry, JNTUA Anantapuramu(A.P)
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of
Substituted dioxaphosphole-5-yl-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl
49 thiophene-2-carboxamides 48
T. Sailaja Rani K.P.Satheesh K.B.Chandrasekhar3 R.Saileela,
L.K.Ravindranath
1*
Department of chemistry, Govt. College Autonomous, Anantapuramu(A.P)
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
50 50
K.Vanaja-K.S.N. Government Degree College for Women, Ananthapuramu
The Role And Significance of Plant Diversity in KSN Degree
51 College (W) Ananthapuramu A.P. 50
M. Vishnu Priya and M. Bheemalingappa
KSN Degree College (w), Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh – 515 001.
IN SILICO DRUG DESIGN
52 S.M.GousiaNahid (B.Sc), Dr N. Srinivasulu, and Vinod 51
Govt. College (Autonomous), Anantapuramu
Computational biology
53 M. Bhakthavatsalam, and M. Ravi Kumar 52
Dept. of Physics, GDC (A), ATP

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Ecosystem Services of Mangroves of Andamanislands, India

54 M. Bheemalingappaand B. Ravi Prasad Rao 53
Dept. of Botany, Government College (A) Ananthapuramu,
Environmental Studies
55 B.V.Chakravarthi , K. Nagendraprasad 54
KTS Govt Degree College :Rayadurg
Role of biotechnology in industrial and environmental protection
56 Dr. K. Vijaya Lakshmi& B. Jameela Beebi 55
1
Lecturer in Chemistry, Govt. College (A), Anantapuramu
Identification of Pre- Existing Adaptive Immunity to CRISPR-
57 Cas9 Proteins in Humans 56
G.V. Manideep, S. Vinod & A. Roses Hosma
Dept of Biotechnology, GDC ATP
The plant diversity in Government Degree College (A) Ananthapuramu
M. Bheemalingappa, B. Manohar Reddy, R. John Martin and V.
58 57
Leelavathi
Dept of Botany,,Govt. College,(A), ATP
Spectrophotometricdetermination of riboflavinIn pharmaceutical
59 formulations 58
Mrs M.N. Brinda
Dept of Chemistry,,Govt. College,(A), ATP
Temperature effect on the vibrational properties of pyrite films
60 using raman spectroscopy 59
Y. Munikrishna Reddy, T.Lakshmi Narasappa and A.Vedavathi
1
Department of Physics, SSBN Degree & PG College, Ananthapuramu-
PHYTOCHEMICALS IN UNANI MEDICINE – A REVIEW
Dr. Mohammed Zafar Ali1 Dr. Abdul Saleem2 Dr. Zaibunnisa Begum3
61 1. PG Scholar, 2. Professor, 3. Associate Professor, PG Dept. of Pharmacology, 59
Govt. Nizamia Tibbi College, Charminar, Hyderabad, (T.S)
The diversity and ecological importance of bryophytes In
visakhapatnam disrict, andhra pradesh
62 Sowghandika, M., P. Amruthalakshmi, N. Veerakumari and V. 60
Leelavahi
Department of Botany, Government College Autonomous , Ananthapuramu
Stem cell therapy in treating diseases
63 B.Sreedevi & B.Nagajyothirmai 61
Dept of Zoology, Govt College (A), Ananthapuramu
Agriculture Biotechnology
64 K.Sreenath Yadav, S.Vinod, A.RosesHosma 62
Government Degree College (Autonomou), Anantapur.
Fermentation
65 P.V.Vineeth, V.SaleemBhasha, Dr N.Srinivasulu. 63
Dept. of Biotechnology, Government Degree College (Autonomou), Anantapur .
LAC OPERON
66 K.Amruth, Vinod, S.A.Ahmed, R.Hyder ali 63
1. Dept Biotechnology, Dept. of English, Government Degree College (Autonomou),
Importance of Green Biotechnology
67 B.Anusha1and B.NandaKumari2 64
1
Lecturer in botony, B.T.College, Madanapalli, Chittoor(dist)
Applications of Biotechnology in Conservation of Biodiversity
68 Dr. S.R.K. Neeraia1 and Dr. P. Giridhar2 64
1,
Lecture in Zoology, SSBN Degree College, Anantapuramu, 515001, AP .

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

69 DNA computers,--K.Kumar reddy 65

2nd Bt.M.C), SSBN Degree and PG college , Anantapur
Application of stem cell therapy in spinal cord injuries
70 M.NEELOFAR 67
ND
2 Bt.M.C , SSBN Degree And PG College College:
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE GROWTH OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
71 B.Mallikarjuna & M.Pragathi 68
*Lecturer in Chemistry, SVGM Govt. Degree College, Kalyandurg
PHYTO CHEMICAL SCREENING OF SOME WEED SPECIES
72 OF PRODDATUR, KADAPA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH 69
S. Prakash Rao1, Dr. P. Suresh, J. Venkatalakshmi
Department of Chemistry, SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa Dist
NANOBOTS: The Artificial Blood
73 69
A.Prathyusha, 2ndBt.M.C, SSBN degree and PG College
Biodiversity Trends and Causes of Biodiversity Loss
74 Dr. P. Ravi Sekhar and Dr. Y. Savithri 70
Department of Zoology, Govt. college for Men(A), Kadapa.
Biotechnology – as a promising tool for Anti diabetic theraphy
75 DR.Ch.M.KumariChitturi and J.Venkata Lakshmi 71
Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri PadmavatiMahilaViswavidyalayam, TPT
Amplification of Gene of Interest Using PCR
76 K. Santhi & Vinod and V.Saleem Baha 72
Dept. of Biotechnology, GCA, Anantapur
Prospects of Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in India
77 Dr. K.V. Chamundeswaramma, B.Prabhavathi 72
Dept. of Zoology, Government College, Anantapuram -515002, A.P., India.
Bioplastics–Boon to Environment
78 Dr.K. Sreedhar and V. Saleem Basha 73
Lecturer in Economics, Lecturer in Chemistry, Govt. College (A), Anantapur
Biotechnology for the production of plant natural products
79 M.T.Jyotsna 73
Lecturer in Telugu, Government College(A), ANANTAPURAMU

80
Environmental Biotechnology - an urge to environment 74
D.Pulsingh, Lecturer in chemistry, Government college (A), Ananthapuramu
BioautographyA Novel Evaluation Method For Antimicrobial
81 Activity Of Crude Extracts From Medicinal Plant MurrayaKoenigii 75
Dr.C. Madhavi, Lecturer in Microbiology, Govt.College (A), Ananthapuramu
Chemical Sciences and Analytical Methods
82 76
R. S. Gousia begum, Guest Lecturer (Chemistry)Govt.College (A), ATP
Effect of water stress on antioxidative enzymesin groundnut
83 (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to drought stress 77
K.V. Madhusudhan, C. Sudhakar
1
Government College for Men, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
Natural Product - A Chemical Compound
84 Smt, T.V.Usha Rani, SmtS.Adilakshmi 77
1. Lecturer in Chemistry, Govt. College (Autonomous),Ananthapuramu
Production of Biodiesel from Algae
85 B.K.Harika, S.Vinod ,A.RosesHosma 78
Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. College(A), Anantapur
86 Simple & Rapid Methods for Identification of Adulterants in Food 79
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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

products
Harika.S, Chandana.B, VijayaJyothi.M, NareshBabu.C-RIPER, ATP
Role of Computers in Life Sciences
87 N. Ershad Hussain 80
Lecturer in Computers SKLNS AmrutavalliMahila Degree Kalasala, Kadiri
Cloning of Orange Ripening (Orr2) gene in Tomato
88 (Solanumlycopersicum) 80
P.John Elia Prashanth, N.Rajesh, C.Jareena Begum and P.OsmanBasha
Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa-
Investigations of Antioxidants and Antimicrobial activities of
89 Fruits and Vegetables 81
C.Manjuvani & G.SaiRamalinga Reddy
Department of microbiology, SSBN Degree And Pg College, Anantapuramu
Switchable Water - A Green Solvent
90 82
K.Rachana, Sri Venkateshwara Degree and Pg College, Anathapuramu
BIOSIMILARS: A PATH TO GENERIC BIOLOGICS
91 P.VishnuTeja*, M.Pravallika, C.Santhivardhan, 83
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Anantapur
A green modus operandi for quantification of canagliflozin in bulk
92 and tablet dosage form by ft-ir spectroscopy 84
D. Rahul Raghav*, M. Vijaya Lakshmi, C. NareshBabu, S. Triveni
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Anantapur
CORD BLOOD
93 G.L.N. Prasad,D.Raju,U.Sivaram, S. Kiran 85
1 2
Dept. of Zoology, Dept of Chemistry, Govt. College (A), Anantapur
PROBIOTICS
Dr.K.Sivaram1, Dr.M.V. Seshaiah1, P.C.Lakshmikanth2,
94 85
Dr.M.Simhadri3
1
Dept. of Economics, 2Dept of English,3Dept. of TeluguGovt. College (A), Anantapur
Stem Cells and Monoclonal Antibodies in Targeting Cancer
95 D.Vijayalakshmi 87
3rd year, BT.Z.C., Sri Sai Degree College, Anantapur
Biotechnology - Intellectual Property Rights
96 Dr.K.V.Chamundeswaramma 87
Lecturer in Zoology, Govt College (Autonomous) Anantapur
Biotechnology and Human Health
97 Dr.K.LakshmiPrameela 88
Lecturer in ChemistryY.A.Government Degree College for Women, Chirala, Prakasam
Biotechnology Policies In India- A Crtical View
98 Dr.T.S.Shyam Prasad, P.Somasekhar 89
Lecturer in Pol.Science, Government College (Autonomous), Anantapur-A.P
Phytochemical studies and active chemical assay of fruit extract of
99 Cassia fistula L. 90
K. Sreenath, M. Lakshmi Priya, and S. Anitha
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevarya University, Anantapuramu
Direct and Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Indium (III)
using 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthaldehyde-P-Hydroxybenzoichydrazone
P. Govinda Chowdary1 and V. Saleem Basha2
100 1 91
Department of Chemistry, Vignan Institute of Technology and Sciences, Deshmuki,
Nalgonda, Telangana
2Department of Chemistry, Govt. College (Autonomous), Anantapur

1. A PRELIMINARY WORK ON PLANT DIVERSITY OF

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

SOUTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA.

Dr. M. ChennakesavuluNaik, Dr. M. Bheemalingappa and Dr. LalJi Singh
Botanical Survey of India,
Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
Corresponding Author: [email protected]

The present paper deals with Additions to flora of South Andaman Islands, located
about 1200 km from the main land. South Andaman Islands with a geographical area of 2890
Km2 lie between 10°30' to 12°14' N and 92°30' to 93°41' E. This area is recognized with an
official administrative boundary designated as South Andaman district covering 3 thesils:
Different types of forests met with south Andaman Islands are: Andaman tropical evergreen
forest, Southern hilltop tropical evergreen forest, Andaman semi-evergreen forest, Andaman
moist deciduous forest, Littoral forest, Mangrove forest, and scrub. Andaman and Nicobar
Islands have 7 national parks and 93 wildlife sanctuaries, of which only three national parks:
viz. Mount Harriet National Park, Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park and South Sentinel
National Park are located in south Andaman Islands.
Floristic Analysis of South Andaman Islands:
In the present study, a total of 1436 plant taxa were recorded from South Andaman
Islands. Of the 1436 taxa, 147 are cultivated or planted in different parts of the study area
and the remaining are wild and naturalized. These 1289 wild and naturalized taxa belong
to 686 genera and 152 families, the latter taxa identified following APG IV Classification.
Of the 1289, 1223 taxa are identified through 2021 herbarium specimens made in the
present study and remaining 45 taxa are based on historic collections and published
records; of the latter, 44 are based on the specimens deposited in Botanical Survey of India,
A & N Circle, Port Blair (PBL).
Abstract of major group-wise analysis of families, genera and species and infra-
specific vascular plant taxa is as follows: Of the total wild and naturalized taxa, 950 (75%)
are dicots, 265 (21%) are monocots, 6 (0.05%) are gymnosperms and 47 (4%) are
pteridophytes.
Additions of Andaman &Nciobar Islands
During our recent floristic explorations of South Andaman Islands in 2011-2018, till
date we reported One Novel species and 34 new records to Andaman and Nicobar Islands
species enlisted Novel Species: Murdanniasanjappae: Family records
(2):Zygophyllaceae(TribulusterrestrisL.) and Caryophyllaceae(Polycarpaeacorymbosa(L.)

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Lam.): Generic Records (2):Oxalidaceae (Biophytumreinwardtii(Zucc.) Klotzsch) and

Commelinaceae (Cyanotisaxillaris(L.)D.Don ex Sweet).New records:(Asteraceae
(6):Acmellaradicans (Jacq.) R.K.Jansen,Blumeafistulosa(Roxb.)Kurz, B. laciniata(Wall. ex
Roxb.) DC., B. viscosa(Mill.) V.M.Badillo, Emilia scabraDC.,Launaeaacaulis(Roxb.)
Babc.ex Kerr. Solanaceae (2):DaturainnoxiaMill.,SolanumsisymbriifoliumConvolvulaceae
(3):Merremiaemarginata (Burm. f.) Hallier f. and Ipomoea triloba L. and
Merremiaumbellatasubsp.orientalis(Hallier f.)OoststrEuphorbiaceae (2):Euphorbia
deccanensis V.S. Raju and Micrococcamercurialis(L.) Benth.Amaranthaceae
(2):Alternantheraficoidea(L.) Sm. and
GomphrenacelosioidesMart.Acanthaceae(1):Peristrophebivalvis(L.) Merr.,Fabaceae-
faboideae (1):RothiaIndica(L.),Lamiaceae (1):Leucascephalotes(Roth)
Spreng.Zingiberaceae (1):Alpiniacalcarata(Roth) Spreng. Cyperaceae
(9):Fimbristylisbisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani, F. littoralisGaudich.,F. microcaryaF.
Muell.,CyperuseragrostisLam., C. pilosusVahl, Pycreusmembranaceus(Vahl) Govind., P.
polystachyosvar.microdontus(Torr.) Govaerts, Schoenoplectuslitoralis(Schrad.)Palla,
ScleriaparvulaSteud.Poaceae (3):DimeriahohenackeriHochst. exMiq.,Eragrostispilosa(L.)
P.Beauv. and DigitariasetigeraRoth.

2. In-vitro antioxidant activity of chiral acyclic tridentate tellurated

Schiff’s base ligands and their palladium(II) complexes

H. R. Rajegowda,* and Riyaz Ur Rahaman Khan

Department of Chemistry, Acharya Institutes for Graduate Studies (AIGS), Bengaluru-
560107, Karnataka, India
*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]
Contact No.: +91-8904845725
Abstract
Acyclic chiral tellurated Schiff’s bases 2-[({(R)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)tellanyl]propan-2-
yl}imino)methyl]phenol ((R)-L1H), 2-[({(R)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)tellanyl]-1-phenyl
ethyl}imino)methyl]phenol ((R)-L2H) and 2-[({(S)-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)tellanyl]-3-
phenylpropan-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol ((S)-L3H) and their Pd(II) complexes, [PdCl((R)-
L1)] (1), [PdCl((R)-L2)] (2) and [PdCl((S)-L3)] (3) were subjected for antioxidant studies.
The results of percentage of DPPH free radical scavenging activity suggested that the ligands
possesses better antioxidant property as compared to their Pd(II) complexes and ascorbic acid
as a standard.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Keywords: tellurium, schiff’s base, palladium, antioxidant

Acyclic chiral tellurated Schiff’s bases and their Pd(II) complexes

References: (1)H. R. Rajegowda, P. Raghavendra Kumar, Amar Hosamani and R. J.
Butcher, New Journal of Chemistry, 42, 2018, 6264-6273; (2) P. R. Kumar, A. K. Singh, R. J.
Butcher, P. Sharma and R. A. Toscano, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 1107-1114; (3) I.
Andreadou, W. M. P. B. Menge, J. N. M. Commandeur and E. A. Worthington, J. Med.
Chem., 1996, 39, 2040-2046; (4) L. A. Ba, M. Doring, V. Jamier and C. Jacob, Org. Biomol.
Chem., 2010, 8, 4203–4216.

3. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antimicrobial Activity of 3,5-

diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-isoxazolines 3(a-h): Structure-Activity and
Relationship
Ravi R. Vidulea,b, G. B. Rahatikarb , Mohammad A. Baseerb*.
a
Department of Chemistry, Shri Sant Gadge Maharaj Mahavidylaya Loha, Nanded-431608,
India
a
Department of Chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded- 431603, India
E-Mail: [email protected]

Isoxazoline is the five member heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and

oxygen are found to be new sources for the synthesis of biologically active derivatives.
Isoxazolines are the azole in which an oxygen atom is present next to nitrogen. These are
found in a large number of natural products and in biologically active molecules. The
derivatives of isoxazoline constitutes different classes of heterocycles having diverse
applications, including agrochemicals as fungicides, insecticides, drugs, dyes, rubber
chemicals, flavoring agents and in materials science. These isoxazolines represent an
important heterocyclic system commonly found in natural products and bioactive
compounds.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

A novel series of 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-2-isoxazolines (2a-d) from 3,5-substituted-

2-hydroxyacetophenones (1a-d) in ethanol by the addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride
and sodium acetate in the acidic medium by refluxing in oil-bath. The synthesized derivatives
were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13
C NMR, LCMS and elemental analysis. The
molecular docking study of the synthesized derivatives performed. All these synthesized
derivatives screened for antibacterial and antifungal.

Key Words: Chalcones, Isoxazoline,hydroxylamine hydrochloride, sodium acetate, Molecular

Docking,Antimicrobial activities.

4. Development of novel phytochemical-sulfadrug conjugates as

prospective anti-MRSA drugs: A systematic medicinal chemistry
based computational approach

Shasank Sekhar Swain1, 3*, Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty2, Tahziba Hussain3, Sanghamitra
Pati3, Rabindra Nath Padhy1

1
Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’
Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’
Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India
3
ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India
Email Id of correspondence: [email protected] (+91 9090203945)

The Gram-positive bacterium, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

causes commonplace infection at hospital and community sectors, with simultaneous
aggrandizement of resistance to several antibiotics, resulting in additional morbidity and
unexpected mortality. As a solution to this problem, this ingenious work describes the
development of six phytochemical-sulfa drug conjugates adopting the dye-azo synthesis
protocol. Bioinformatics tools such as PASS prediction, Lipinski rules of five, computational
LD50 value, toxicity class were carried out to assess drug-likeliness properties, before
synthesis. The three-dimensional protein structure of MRSA-dihydropteroate synthases

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

(DHPS) enzyme was generated and validated by Ramachandran plot. Additionally, molecular
docking, dynamics simulations study were carried out to study intermolecular interactions
between DHPS with proposed conjugates. After that, conjugates were synthesized and
characterized by advanced spectral techniques such as UV, FTIR, LCMS, HPLC, NMR, and
SEM. In vitro antibacterial activity of synthesized conjugates were assessed; the zone of
inhibition, MIC and MBC values of conjugates were determined against isolated MRSA
strains from clinical samples. Conjugate, 4b (thymol-sulfadiazine) and 4d (thymol-
sulfamethoxazole) had highest zone size inhibition on agar plates with 20 and 40 mg/mL as
the lowest MIC and MBC values against MRSA, respectively; while the reference antibiotic
ampicillin had the most inferior MIC and MBC values at 80 to 180 mg/mL. In vitro host-
toxicity testing was carried out with cultured human lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood,
and 4b and 4d were broadly non-toxic to human cells. Thus, conjugate 4b and 4d could be
promoted a newer antibacterial, against gruesome MRSA and other MDR bacteria.
Keywords: Phytochemical-sulfadrug conjugates, MRSA-DHPS, Molecular docking-
simulation, Host-toxicity with cultured human lymphocytes.

5. Phosphine and Copper free Sonogashiracoupling reaction catalysed

by Selaginella plant extract supported palladium nanoparticles
Marulasiddeshwara M. Ba, Dakshayani S. Sb*, P. RaghavendraKumarc*.
a
DOSR In Organic Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur-572 103, Karnataka, India.
b
Department of Biotechnology, UCS, Tumkur University, Tumkur-572 103, Karnataka, India.
c
DOSR in Chemistry, UCS, Tumkur University, Tumkur-572 103, Karnataka, India.
*Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected]
Key word: Palladium nanoparticles; Sonogashira reaction; Phenyl acetylene; Selaginella plant
extract.
A green procedure for synthesis of Palladium nanoparticles supported on Selaginella plant
extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by XRD,
SEM, TEM, FT-IR, EDX and UV–vis techniques. Further successfully explored in Phosphine and
copper-free Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling of various aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides as well as
heteroaryl halides with phenyl acetylene under aerobic conditions. It was found that the catalyst
exhibited a high activity and selectivity for the cross-coupling reaction. The catalyst can be recovered
and recycled by a simple filtration. The catalyst could be recycled for six runs without appreciable
loss of its catalytic activity.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

X SPE@Pd-NPs
+ DMF 100 °C BASE
R R

(1) M. B. Marulasiddeshwara, P. Raghavendra Kumar, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 83(2016)326-334.

(2) ArdeshirKhazaei, MarziehKhazaei, SadeghRahmati, J. Mol. Catal. 398(2015)241–247.
(3) M. B. Marulasiddeshwara, P. Raghavendra KumarMater Today Proc. 5 (2018) 20811–20818.

6. Synthesis, characterization of new pyrimidine based derivatives and

their photophysical and electrochemical properties.
Golla Ramesh and Raghavendra Kumar P*.
Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumkur-572 103, Karnataka, India.
Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]; Mobile: +91-9901511112

Pyrimidine based compounds, where L1-3 ligands have been synthesized. These
ligands were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques like 1H and 13
C{1H}
NMR, FT-IR and photophysical and electrochemical properties by UV-Vis., spectroscopy,
photoluminescence and cyclic voltammetry studies. In the lower wavelength region the bands
in the UV-Vis., spectra are dominated by transitions of the show ligand centered (LC) π-π*
type of intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) transitions based ligands λmax, 288, 291 and 293
nm.

Cl N Cl

2,4-dichloropyrimidine

K2CO3 ACN/CHCl3

N
N N N N
N N
N N N N N
N N N N N H3C
N N 3
O L O
N 1 N 2
L L O O

2,4-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine 2,4-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidine CH3

dimethyl 1,1'-(pyrimidine-2,4-diyl)
di(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate)

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1
L
1.5 L
2

3
L

1.0

Absorbance
0.5

0.0
200 250 300 350 400 450
Wavelength in nm

Scheme 1: Synthesis andUV-Vis. Spectra ofL1-3.

Keywords: Pyrimidine, triazole, pyrazole, cyclic voltammetry, uv-visible spectroscopy.

References:
• Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 6820−6838; Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 12036−12049.

7. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION OF NEW Ni(II) AND Cu(II)

COMPLEXES CONTAINING (O,N) TYPE OF SCHIFF BASES
AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Satheesh C E, P. Raghavendra Kumar*
Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur-572103,
Karnataka, India.
[email protected]; [email protected]

The new Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes (1 to 2) were synthesized on reaction in 1:2 ratio
between NiCl2.6H2Oand CuCl2.2H2Oand the Schiff’s base type ligand LH respectively, the ligand in
turn have been synthesized by condensation of 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzaldehyde with 2-(3,4-
dimethoxyphenyl) ethylamine. The ligand and metal complexes were characterized by FT-IR and
UV-Vis.spectroscopy and other analytical techniques. In both complexes the ligand coordinated
through as bidentatemonoanionic (O-, N) donor set.The antimicrobial activity of new compounds has
been investigated by agar well diffusion methods against highly pathogenic bacterial and fungal
strains. The new ligand and complexes showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities in
comparison with standard commercial drugs.

Key words: Schiff’s base, 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy benzaldehyde, antimicrobial activity, Nickel and
Copper complex.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

OMe
OMe
Cl
O H2N OMe Cl
MeOH/EtOH N
+
OH at rt
OMe OH
LH

MeO Cl
OMe
OMe
MeO

Cl 1. NiCl2.6H2O/MeOH N
N 2. CuCl2.2H2O/MeOH O M O
N
OH RT

Cl M= 1, 2 OMe

Reference:

1) C.E. Satheesh, P. Raghavendra Kumar, P. Sharma, K. Lingaraju , B.S. Palakshamurthy, H. Raja

NaikaInorganicaChimicaActa (2016) 4421–9.

8. INDIA AS A MEGA DIVERSITY NATION

B. Ranganath
Head of the Department of Chemistry, Nalanda PU College, Hubli, Karnataka

Geological events in the land mass of India have provided conditions for high levels
of biological diversity. A split in the single giant continent around 70 million years ago, lead
to the formation of northern and southern continents, with India a part of Gondwanaland –
the southern land mass, together with Africa, Australia and the Antarctic. Later tectonic
movements shifted India northward across the equator to join the northern Eurasian
continent. As intervening shallow Tethis Sea closed down, plants and animals that had
evolved both in Europe and in adapted to the savannas and semi-arid regions. Thus India
special geographical positions between three distinctive centers of biological evolution and
radiation of species is responsible for our which and varied biodiversity.

Key words: Biological diversity, Gondwanaland, shallow

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

9. Isolation and evaluation of anticancer compounds from

Emblicaofficinalis
Dr. Y. Venkateswarlu,
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Biotechnology,Govt. City College, Khairatabad, Hyderabad, T.S.-500 004.
Email: [email protected]

Emblicaofficinalis commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, is perhaps the

most important medicinal plant in the Indian traditional system of medicine, the Ayurveda.
Several parts of the plant are used to treat a variety of diseases, but the most important is the
fruit. Many ailments are treated by the fruit which is used either alone or in combination with
other plants. These include common cold and fever; as a diuretic, laxative, liver tonic,
refrigerant, stomachic, restorative, alterative, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, etc.
An efficient protocol for the micropropagation of Emblicaofficinalis was developed. This
method describes the use of nodal segments to initiate cultures, followed by shoot growth and
multiplication, rooting and finally the acclimatization before introduction into the greenhouse
for large-scale production. This study aim at finding a phytochemical which is less toxic to
human. For this ethanolic and methanolic extract of Emblicaofficinalis were detected to
check whether they contain any anticancer compounds. Further the anti- proliferative and
anti-apoptoic effect of ethanolic and methanolic extract is studied.

10.Natural Products Research to Medicine: An Empirical Study

1
Smt.K.Chandra Rekha, 2Dr. K. Nagaraja Setty
1Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College for Men, Kurnool
2Dept of Chemistry, SML Govt. Degee College, Yemmiganur

Natural product primarily based drug discovery and development could be a

extremely integrated multidisciplinary approach. Significant fractions of the medicine are
either natural product or are derived from natural product. Natural product represents a
unique and made supply of therapeutic agents and lead structures for brand new drug
discovery. Today, natural product total synthesis is related to prudent and tasteful choice of
difficult and ideally biologically vital target molecules; the invention and invention of latest
artificial ways and technologies; and explorations in chemical biology through molecular
style and mechanistic studies. Natural product and their derivatives have long been of interest

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within the fields of chemistry, biology, and medication as a result of their distinctive
structural diversity, varied biological activity, and medicinal properties. The investigation of
biological and chemical properties of natural product for the past two centuries has not solely
created medicine for the treatment of many diseases, however has instigated the development
of synthetic organic chemistry and therefore the arrival of medicinal chemistry as a
significant route to get efficacious and novel therapeutic agents. Structural alteration of
natural compounds or synthesis of novel compounds, supported styles following a natural
compound system, have offered lot of significant new medicine within the fields of medicine,
agriculture, and food spheres. Nature has provided a desirable array of chemical structures
within the kind of bioactive secondary metabolites. This paper describes an empirical study
about on natural products.

Keywords: Natural products, Medicinal properties, Chemical properties, Agriculture,

Food spheres

11. BINARY LIQUIDS IMPORTANCE IN ALL CHEMISTRY BASED

INDUSTRIES

G.Tejaswini
Dept. of Chemistry, SVD Govt. Degree College (W), Nidadavole

The important role played by solvents in chemistry and chemical industry has
been well recognized. The practical application of mixed solvents rather than single solvent
in industrial and biological process has been recognized all over the world as they provide a
wide choice of solutions with appropriate properties. In the chemical industry knowledge of
the thermodynamic properties of mixed solvents is essential in the design involving chemical
separation, heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid flow. The objective underlying such studies
is to improve our understanding of molecular interactions for characterizing the physio -
chemical behavior of mixtures at the molecular level, which is essential for understanding
many chemical and biological processes in these media.

When two or more solvent molecules are mixed together to form a liquid
mixture, it brings about a marked effect on the properties of the resulting system and
differences in the intermolecular interactions of the solvents. From a practical point of view,
thermo - physical properties of mixed solvent are important to understand the nature of
molecular interactions occurring which are useful in design and optimization of chemical

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

processes for various industrial applications. In addition, extensive information about

structural phenomena of mixtures is of importance of in the development of theories of the
liquid state and predictive methods. Further, excess properties are helpful in characterizing
the structure, properties of solutions and provide valuable information regarding ion -
solvent, ion- ion and solvent - solvent interactions.

Importance:

The thermo physical properties of pure liquids and liquid mixtures are studied for
many reasons, most important of which is to provide the information about molecular
interactions in liquid mixtures. These are having immense use in theoretical and practical
considerations. Pure solvents are widely used for synthesis of many organic compounds, for
separation of compounds, cleaning agents, medium for many organic and inorganic reactions
in the industries with the wide range of requisite properties, binary and multi component
liquid mixtures rather than pure liquids are of great importance in several chemical, industrial
and biological processes. In recent years, the theoretical and experimental investigations of
interactions between unlike molecules have been conveniently carried out using excess
thermodynamic functions. Excess values in terms of thermodynamic and acoustic studies are
necessary for the better understanding of the nature of the liquid components in binary/multi
component systems. The excess thermodynamic properties are extensively used to study the
deviation of real liquid mixture from ideality.

Solvent use consistently accounts for between 80 and 90% of mass utilization in a
typical pharmaceutical/fine chemicals (non-polymer) batch chemical operation. Moreover,
within these operations, solvents play a dominant role in the overall toxicity profile of any
given process: i.e. on a mass basis, solvents account for the largest proportion of chemicals of
concern used in the process. However, for the typical synthetic organic chemist, solvents are
just a medium in which a reaction takes place: the interest is in the reactivity and building of
a molecule, not in the means by which this is carried out. So, in a typical retro synthetic
analysis, solvent and solvent- reactant interactions, separability, and particle engineering are
generally not included. The best means in which this reaction can take place is also not
considered; i.e., the reaction space, configuration, order of addition, heat/mass transfer, etc.,
is generally not considered. This publication present a case for greater awareness of solvent
issues in batch chemical operations typically found in the pharmaceutical industry.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

solvents are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as reaction media, in

separation and purification of synthesis products and also for cleaning of equipment. This
paper presents some aspects of organic solvents utilization in an active pharmaceutical
ingredient and a drug product manufacturing process. As residual solvents are not desirable
substances in a final product, different methods for their removal may be used, provided they
fulfill safety criteria. After the drying process, analyses need to be performed to check if
amounts of solvents used at any step of the production do not exceed acceptable limits (taken
from ICH Guideline or from pharmacopoeias). Also new solvents like supercritical fluids or
ionic liquids are developed to replace "traditional" organic solvents in the pharmaceutical
production processes.

Further to get more applications in pharmaceutical industry we should know the molecular
interactions between the two liquids. For this we have to determine the density, viscosity and
the ultrasonic velocity of the mixture we should determine. The values of these used in the
calculation of thermodynamic parameters.

12. NANO PARTICLES FROM PLANT EXTRACTS AND ITS

APPLICATIONS
J.Lakshmi mangamma1 and P.Ch.Anuradha2
1Dept. of Chemistry, VSK Govt.Degree College, Visakhapatnam, A.P
2
Dept. of Chemistry, Visakha Women’s Govt. Degre College, Visakapatnam.

Introduction
Nano particles have wide applications in different disciplines such as mechanics,
optics, biomedical sciences, chemicals, electronics, space industries, drug-gene delivery,
energy science, catalysis. They have variety of approaches in preparation of nanoparticles
they are top down methods and bottom up methods. synthesis using nontoxic and
environment friendly nanoparticles are finding their applications in various fields such as
biomedical, tissue engineering, health care, environmental, drug delivery, gene delivery,
optics, mechanics, non-linear optical devices, food industry, space industry and many more to
count on, in fact in every field many more to count on The remarkable antimicrobial effect of
metallic nanoparticles is of interest for researchers due to the growing microbial resistance
against the antibiotics and development of resistant strains This mini-review focuses on the
role of plants as for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using plant extract, the worldwide
research progressing in this field and their applications.The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has
been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical and
physical methods. Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach
that connects nanotechnology with plants.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

The methods for making nanoparticles can generally involve either a “top down”
approach or a “bottom up” approach . In top-down synthesis , nanoparticles are produced by
size reduction from a suitable starting material . Size reduction is achieved by various
physical and chemical treatments . Top down production methods introduce imperfections in
the surface structure of the product and this is a major limitation because the surface
chemistry and the other physical properties of nanoparticles are highly dependent on the
surface structure.In bottom up synthesis, the nanoparticles are built from smallerentities, for
example by joining atoms, molecules and smaller particles. In bottom up synthesis, the nano
structured building blocks of the nanoparticles are formed first and then assembled to
produce the final particle. The bottom up synthesis mostly relies on chemical and biological
methods of production. The probable mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis by bottom up
approach is shown in Of the biological methods of synthesis, the methods based on
microorganisms have been widely reported.

Microbial synthesis is of course readily scalable, environmentally benign

andcompatible with the use of the product for medical applications, but production of
microorganisms is often more expensive than the production of plant extracts. Plant mediated
nano particle synthesis using whole plant extract or by living plant were also reported in
literature .

13. Molecular Docking studies on active compounds of AdansoniadigitataL.

against hHH2R
B. Dhanasree1, Nizamuddin Basha. S2
1
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Dept. Of Biochemistry, KVR Govt College (w),
Kurnool, AP INDIA.
2
Dept. Of Biochemistry, SK University, Anantapur, AP INDIA

The Bioinformatics and the system biology have acquired a crucial role in the
investigation of medicinal plants today. With a regularly expanding genomic and proteomic
data, it is important to interpret the data available. Bioinformatics has prompted the
disclosure of new hereditary players and aided in the portrayal of a significant number of the
new genes and proteins. Additionally, its tools and software’s have helped in disentangling
critical connections between the different atomic players. Nonetheless, as the information
increments exponentially, a parallel development of the bioinformatics devices and
techniques is unavoidable. There is a consistent need to grow new intends to manage the data,
investigation, perception, and forecast. In this part, the key utilizations of bioinformatics in
understanding restorative plant science have been talked about with an uncommon
accentuation on the joining of bioinformatics devices and strategies. Every one of these
perspectives have been canvassed in the light of omics advances including genomics,
transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. In our previous study we have evaluated the
gastro protective activity of Adansoniadigitata. In our present research work we have
performed the Moleculr docking studies on the biological active compounds of
Adansoniadigitata against hHH2R (human histamine H2 receptor). The active compounds
which we have chooses for molecular docking as follows, Cynocolchicines, alpha amyrin,
Lyoniresinol, Quercetin, Leucoanthocyanidin.. Among these Leucoanthocyanidin has shown

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

has shown the maximum docking effect by forming of 15 clusters with 0.262 RMSD and
with the less free binding energy -4.03. The catalytic residues involved are R-134, H-230, D-
294. And the estimated inhibition constant ki is 1.11mM.

Key words: Adansoniadigitata, Quercetin, Leucoanthocyanidin, hHH2R

14. MICROALGAE FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT

AND BIOFUELS

Smt J Lavanya MSc M.Tech (Ph D), Lecturer in Botany SGA GDC
Yellamanchili,VSP.
Organic and inorganic substances which were released into environment as a result of
domestic, agricultural, landfills, mining and industrial water activities lead to water pollution.
Microorganisms are useful in removing harmful substances from waste water. The
integration of microalgae based biofuel and bioproducts production with waste water
treatment has major advantages for both industries. By using algal growth on waste water,
removal of ammonia and phosphorus was achieved. Compared to physical and chemical
treatment processes, algae based treatment can potentially achieve nutrient removal in a less
expensive and ecologically safer way with the added benefits of resource recovery and
recycling. The fresh water unicellular microalga Chlorella vulgaris is used for tertiary waste
water treatment for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds and heavy metals.
So, large scale production of microalgae and their utilization in waste water treatment and
biofuel production is encouragable.

15. Chemical Sciences and Analytical Methods: A Research Perspective

1
Dr. K. Nagaraj Setty, 2Smt.K.Chandra Rekha,
1
Dept of Chemistry, SML Govt. Degee College, Yemmiganur
2
Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College for Men, Kurnool

Analytical chemistry has broad applications to forensics, medicine, science and

engineering. It also plays an indispensable role in measurement of metabolites. Analytical
chemistry is helpful in monitoring the quality of drugs, chemicals and foods used in daily life.
In fact the science of chemistry came into existence as a result of human inquisitiveness to
understand the nature of an extraordinary variety of matter that surrounded him, and this
knowledge was obtained by analysing different types of material. A complex material on
analysis can give rise to a number of new and simpler constituents. Each of the constituents
can be further analysed and if this process is continued, a stage will come when a constituent
will not give anything new; such a constituent is called an element. Thus the concept of an
element as a substance which cannot be broken down into something simpler by ordinary
chemical methods arose from analytical data on different substances. Analytical chemistry
can be divided into areas called qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative
analysis identifies analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the numerical amount or
concentration. The construction of chemical balance provided a quantitative aspect to
chemical analysis. The induction of analytical approach brought about a revolutionary

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

transformation from magic and alchemy to quantitative scientific chemistry. This paper gives
a perspective research on chemical science and analytical methods.

Keywords: Analytical Chemistry, Forensics, Metabolites, Chemical methods, Qualitative

analysis, Quantitative analysis,

16. Spectroscopic Tools for Structural Elucidation of Natural Products

Dr. P. Suresh1*, J.Venkata Lakshmi1, S.Prakasha Rao1, Dr. A.RameshBabu2,

Dr. K. Lakshmi Prameela3&Dr.G. Lakshmana Rao4
1
Dept. of Chemistry, SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa Dt., AP, India
2
Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Puttur, Chittoor Dt.
3
Dept. of Chemistry, Y.A. Govt. Degree College, Chirala, Prakasham Dt.
4
Dept. of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Salur, Vizianagaram Dt.

* Corresponding author’s E-Mail:[email protected]

We know that plants contain both foods and medicines which are highly useful for
mankind. Plants have been used for medicinal purposes across history and cultures and even
across species. Plants were available, easily collected, and produced seeds for future harvests.
Now a day, the world still relies heavily on natural products as herbal remedies for their
primary health care. More and more chemicals were isolated and their chemical structures
elucidated. Elucidation of chemical structures requires a combination of chemical and
spectroscopic information. Early studies on the structural elucidation of a natural product
required large amounts of material, preferably recrystallized to homogeneity. Now a day, the
spectroscopic studies have been grown into an indispensable tool for structure determination
of new compounds and chemical analysis of natural products. The spectroscopic tools, most
frequently, used are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which includes 1H- and 13C-NMR;
ultraviolet (UV); infrared (IR); High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC);
Capillary Electrophoresis; Poly amide Gel Chromatography; Size Exclusion
Chromatography; and mass spectrometry (MS). Use of circular dichroism (CD) and X-ray
crystallography are often used in support of determining the stereochemistry and the absolute
configuration.

Key Words: Natural Products, Health care, Structure elucidation, spectroscopic methods.

17. Conservation of Biodiversity

Dr. Mohammad Osman Ahmed,
Reader in Zoology,
Osmania College (NAAC Accredited – A Grade) Kurnool, A.P. India.
E mail Id: [email protected]

Biodiversity is essential for the continued existence of humanity Biodiversity

provides man with the raw materials for food, shelter, energy and medicine, as well as many
aesthetic pleasures, besides numerous ecological services, they protect watersheds, combat

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

soil erosion, control soil quality and mitigate the effects of man pollutions, Biodiversity has
emerged as a scientific discipline in the recent past basically response to fast basically
response to fast extinction of wild species due to human activity as well as the recognition
that without biodiversity there is no survival of humans. India is one of the twelve mega-
biodiversity countries of the world.

People have added carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane and other greenhouse
gases to the atmosphere by extracting and burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural
gas. The effect of these gases has been to trap heat and accelerate the rate of global warming
and climate change. Climate change is a major threat to the world’s biodiversity. The earth is
warming up and there is now overwhelming scientist consensus that it really happening and
is human- induced with global warming on the increase and species and their habitats on the
decrease chances may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. Recent years show
increasing temperature in various regions and or increasing extremities in weather patterns
the impacts of the global climate changes are already visible as increasingly frequent crop
failures increased human suffering through severe storm damage and increase throughout the
coming century unless action is taken now to slow the rate of global climate change. The
main causes climate changes, Habitat loss, pollution, population growth, over haunting,
commercial haunting and solid waste.
Conservation of Biodiversity: - There is an urgent need for the conservation of biodiversity
Ecotourism can help in biodiversity conversation by developing local institutions and
empowerment of people increased livelihood options, reducing man and animal conflict,
providing funds for forest conversation. Creating awareness among rural people, urban cites
and policy maker to work for the biodiversity conservation. Biotechnology places vital role in
conversation of biodiversity. Approaches have been made by biotechnologists towards
conversations of plants insitu and exsitumethods, micro propagation embryogenesis and
transformation. Breed of Endangered species in a coordinated venture by biotechnologists
Worldwide by implementing techniques like cryopreservation of semen artificial
insemination, in vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation.
Key Words:-Biodiversity, climate change, global warming, Conservation in situ, ex situ.

18. Applications of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in Analytical Chemistry

L.Raja Mohan Reddy1*,M.Thaidun1,M.Obula Reddy1 and P.Guruprathap Reddy2

1
Dept.of Physics,Loyola Degree Collge(YSRR),Pulivendla,A.P-516390,India.
2
Dept.of Chemistry,Loyola Degree Collge(YSRR),Pulivendla,A.P-516390,India.

E mail:[email protected], Mobile No: 9440924107

Analytical chemistry is a science close to physical chemistry, which is a branch of

pure chemistry. The objective of analytical chemistry is essentially to develop and apply new
methodology and instrumentation with the goal of providing information on the nature and
composition of matter. Analytical chemistry also allows the determination of a compound’s
structure, either partially or totally, in samples of differing complexity. Of the many
analytical techniques available to the industry, mass spectrometry is one of the most versatile.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

It allows companies to identify proteins on the basis of their amino acid sequences and gives
them information about those proteins’ higher-order structures. It allows them to assess a
protein’s purity. And in the right circumstances, it can tell them many of these attributes
simultaneously.High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gives chemists access to a
world of knowledge about molecules both large and small. When combined with high-
resolution detection methods such as mass spectrometry, the historic separation technique can
not only help reveal hitherto unseen paths leading to new treatments for diseases, but it can
also shed light on the complex array of contaminants in the water we drink or reveal banned
pesticides in the food.The fundamental limitation in most solid-state Nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) structure determination endeavours has been the relative scarceness of
unambiguous long-range interatomic distance restraints. This is primarily because dipolar
couplings between 1H, 13C and 15N spins, which scale with the inverse third power of the
internuclear distance, become vanishingly small for distances in the 5–10 Å regime and
beyond.
Keywords:-Analytical Techniques,Mass Spectrometry, HPCL and NMR

19. Inhibitory effect of spices and fruits on drug resistant bacteria

Staphylococcus aureus
D. VijayaSree&K. Geethanjali,
Lecturer in Biotechnology, Govt. college for Women(A), Guntur

Spices and fruits have important role as therapeutic agent against many pathological
infections. Increasing multidrug resistance of pathogens is the cause to look for alternative
compounds for treatment of infectious diseases. In this study, the antimicrobial potency of
ginger and black grape peel has been investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. The
bacterial strains were succeptible to the extracts of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) and peel of
black grape (Vitisvinifera). Antimicrobials or antibiotics from plant sources have been found
to work more efficiently with fewer side effects and less cost of production. The antibiotic
activity was determined by disc diffusion method. The choice of S. aureus is because of the
common cause to skin infections, respiratory infections and also food poisioning. Pathogenic
strains often promote infections by producing virulence factors that binds and inactivates
antibodies. The emergence of drug resistance is a worldwide problem in clinical medicine.
Despite of much research and development, no vaccine has been approved. Considering the
socioeconomic factors like poverty, poor hygienic condition and increasing interest of
consumers for safe food this study encourages the use of generally available spices and fruits
having quality as an alternative or supplementary medicine to reduce the burden of high cost,
side effects and progressively increasing drug resistance of pathogens.
Key words: Drug resistant bacteria, Antibacterial activity, Zingiberofficinale, Vitisvinifera,
zone of inhibition.

20. One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione

Derivatives Using DBU as Green and Recyclable Catalyst

T. SEKHAR, P. THRIVENI*, M. HARIKRISHNA and K. MURALI

Department of Chemistry, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore-524 003, India
*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Pyrimidine compounds have wide range of pharmacological and biological properties.

Pyrimidine derivatives have found applications such as antimicrobial, antitumor and
antifungal. In addition, pyrimidine compounds have been considered to be significant for
drugs and agricultural intermediates. This kind of important application of pyrimidines
encouraged the present synthesis of some pyrimidine derivatives. We report a novel one-pot
synthesis of dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones from the three component condensation of
different substituted aldehydes, ketones, thiourea in aqueous ethanol (50 %) using 1,8-
diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as a green and recyclable catalyst. Several solvents
such as ethanol, methanol, THF, aqueous methanol (50 %), aqueous THF (50 %) and
aqueous ethanol (50 %) were investigated. Among them, aqueous ethanol (50 %) gave the
best results and the product obtained by simple filtration by cooling of aqueous ethanol to 0
ºC after the completion of reaction. Different dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione and its
derivatives are confirmed by spectral parameters. This method has several advantages such as
readily available starting materials, easy workup, good yields of the products and DBU as a
green and recyclable catalyst.

21. Industrial Biotechnology: Its Prospects and

Programmes for the Development of Industries
Marur Ramesh M.Sc., M.Phil.
Lecturer in Chemistry, SAPS Aided Jr. College, Gorantla, Anantapur Dt. A P

Industrial or white biotechnology uses microorganisms and enzymes to produce

goods for industry, including chemicals, plastics, food, agricultural and pharmaceutical
products and energy carriers. Renewable raw materials and waste from agriculture and
forestry are used for the manufacture of industrial goods.Countless metabolicprocesses take
place in a single cell. These processes break down and convert nutrients that have been taken
up into new products. Enzymes are involved in controlling and coordinating reactions that
happen simultaneously or consecutively. Humans have been making use of microbial and
enzymatic processes for a long time. Everyday examples include the production of bread,
yoghurt and vinegar using microorganisms and the use of enzymes in
detergents.Biotechnology is also used in many other industrial areas. Microorganisms and
enzymes can be used for the production of food supplements such as vitamin B2, biobased
plastics such as polylactic acid and energy carriers such as biogas and bioethanol. Industrial
Biotechnologyis often referred to as the third wave in biotechnology. If developed to its
fullest potential, industrial biotechnology may have a larger impact on the world, particularly
in cost reduction and pollution control. Also, since many of its products do not require the
lengthy review times that drug products must undergo, it's a quicker, easier pathway to the
market. Today, new industrial processes can be taken from lab study to commercial
application in two to five years, compared to up to a decade for drugs. This paper throws light
on envisaging the role of biotechnology in the Industrial Development.

Keywords: Industry, Biotechnology, Microorganisms, Enzymes and Chemicals etc.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

22. The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life

Dr.U.Srineetha
Department of Zoology, Govt.College for Men(AUTONOMOUS), Kadapa, AP.

Contemporary societies that live close to the land often have a broad knowledge of
the medicinal uses of plants growing in their area.The most unique feature of Earth is the
existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity.Biodiversity is
recognized as one of the most expressive in the terrestrial bio-sphere and plays an important
role to human well-being and health, providing basic products and ecosystem services. The
products or goods from natural ecosystems include pharmaceutical mat-erial, food such as
fishery, timber, and many others. Natural ecosystems also provide essential life-supporting
services such as purification of air and water, climate regulation, reproductive and feeding
habitats for extraction, as well as maintenance of organisms responsible for cycling soil
nutrients, making them available to plant absorption. Environmental disruption has impacted
human wellbeing and health, resulting in severe social poverty with the spread of diseases.
Incre-ase in vector -borne and diseases in humans and animals occur as a result of negative
anthropo-genic interventions in the natural ecosystems.

Keywords:Biodiversity, Environmental disruption, Ecosystem services, Diseases.

23. PHEROMONES –ECOFRIENDLY PESTICIDES

1J.Venkata Lakshmi, 1S.Prakash Rao.1Dr.P.Suresh, 2B.Rajeswari, 3P.Bayapa Reddy
1
Department of Chemistry, SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa (Dt).
2
Department of Chemistry.Government College for Men (A), Kadapa.
3
Department of Physics, Government College for Men (A), Kadapa
Email Id: [email protected]

The use of Pesticides has so many adverse effects on flora and fauna, animals, human
beings and environment. The Chemicals used in Pesticides causes, soil pollution, air
pollution, water pollution and makes the fertile lands barren. Pesticides don't just kill pests,
but also beneficial insects such as pollinators and pest-eating predators. In this scenario
Pheromones offer ecofriendly alternative for pesticides.
Pheromones are a class of semiochemicals that insects and other animals release to
communicate with other individuals of the same species. Pheromones can be used to trap,
monitor or control insect pests. They can be put out in traps to attract males. The traps then
kill the males. They can be used as confusers, in which case they are sprayed in the field or
orchard at breeding time and confuse the males; they can't find the females because the whole
place smells like females! Unlike pesticides, which kill a wide variety of insects, each
pheromone only targets a single pest species. That leaves beneficial pollinators like bees and
predators such as ladybugs unharmed.The advantages of pheromone use include the facts that
they are nontoxic, biodegradable, ecofriendly, can be used at low concentrations and are
highly species specific.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

A complete searchable database on the pheromones of about 1800 species is found

in the Pherobase database. About 75% of the known pheromones are represented by even-
numbered straight-chain alcohols, aldehydes, or acetates. Pheromones are expected to play an
increasingly important role in future pest control. We also need to work on discovering the
genes responsible for making pheromones from a wider range of insect species.
KEY WORDS: Pheromones, Pesticides, Beneficial insects, Biodegradable, Pherobase.

24. Synthesis of Dithiocarbamate Complexes and their anti microbial

activity.

Dr. K.Venugopal.
Department of Chemistry, Govt Degree College Pattikonda, Kurnool Dist.A.P., India
e-mail : [email protected]
Dithiocarbamates are well known compounds to bind selectively to metal ions. Most
of applications are based on complexation properties of dithiocarbamate ligands with metal
ions, especially with transition metal ions Dithiocarbamate ligands readily form chelates with
all transition metal ions through its donor sulphur atoms. In this study, A new series of
bidentate ligand such as dithocarbamate of 2–Amino–3–Methyl pyridine (2A3MPDTC) was
prepared by synthetic methods as their sodium salts. In the reaction of Cobalt Chloride with
2A3MPDTC the corresponding complex was prepared. The complex was characterized by
elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, The synthesized compound showed an excellent anti
microbial activities against clinical bacterial isolates E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.
Keywords: 2–Amino–3–Methyl pyridine, Cobalt Chloride, Dithiocarbamates, Synthesis,
Characterization, Anti bacterial activity.

25. A STABILITY INDICATING LC-MS METHOD FOR

DETERMINATION OF PERINDOPRIL AND ITS PROCESS RELATED
IMPURITIES
Bondigalla Ramachandra
Department of Chemistry, Government College for Men (A), Kadapa-516004, Andhra
Pradesh, India.*Correspondence email: [email protected]

Perindopril erbumine belongs to the member of angiotensin-converting enzyme

inhibitors group used in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension. A simple and highly
sensitive LC-MS method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of three
process-related impurities, L-norvaline, L-norvaline ethyl ester HCl, and (S)-indoline-2-
carboxylic acid in perindopril. Samples were separated using 5mM ammonium formate (A)
and acetonitrile/methanol (B) as the mobile phase on a Symmetry C18 column (75 mm x 4.6

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

mm, 3.5µm) using gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The developed
method was validated as per ICH guidelines and can be used for quality testing of perindopril
as well as its impurities in pharmaceuticals.

26. A review on Bioremediation and its applications in sustainable

environmental management
Dr C. NarasimhaRao and DrU.Srineetha
Dept. of Zoology, Govt.College for Men (A), Kadapa, AP.
[email protected]

Environment is consists of many variables including all the physical and biological
components and their interactions. Every year the environment has been polluted with non
biodegradable compounds and harmful substances due to the development in science,
technology and industrialization. As a result most of the organisms are affected by
environmental problems like depletion of ozone layer, green house effect, global warming,
scarcity of natural resources, loss of biodiversity and many health problems. In view of the
urgent need of an efficient environmental biotechnological process, researchers have devised
a technique called bioremediation, which is an emerging approach and one of the most
successful tool to rehabilitating areas contaminated by pollutants. Bio-remediation means to
use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem. Bioremediation approach is
currently applied to contain contaminants in soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediments
including air. On the basis of removal and transportation of wastes, bioremediation
technology can be classified as in situ and ex situ. The process of bioremediation involves the
use of various microorganisms or plants to treat environment contaminated with various
pollutents. Currently, a wide range of microorganisms such as bacteria, archaebactreia,
yeasts, fungi, algae and plants are being studied for use in bioremediation processes. Due to
the complexity involved in the conventional methods for remediation of soil, the use of
microbes has arisen as a time-saver for bioremediation. There is no doubt that bioremediation
is one of the cost effective and eco-friendly process which is useful for sustainable
environmental management.

Key words: Bioremediation, Environment, Biotechnology applications.

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27. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN SUSTAINABLE HUMAN LIFE

Dr.D.MallikarjunaRao1 and Dr.M.Renuka2

1
Principal, Besant theosophical college, Madanapalli, Chittoor(Dist)
2
HOD, Department of Chemistry
Besant theosophical college, Madanapalli, Chittoor(Dist)

Environmental biotechnology is a system of scientific and engineering knowledge

related to the use of microorganisms and their products in the prevention of environmental
pollution through biotreatment of solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes, bioremediation of
polluted environments, and biomonitoring of environment and treatment processes.
Biotechnology has now become a realistic alternative to many established approaches for
manufacturing, land remediation, pollution control and waste management and is therefore an
essential aspect of environmental studies. As the population of the world is everincreasing
and is constantly putting a lot of strain on the resources that wehave and the production of
agriculture and crops that is being used. If wewant the earth to continue providing us with
clean air, pure water and richproductive soils, we need to realize the importance of applying
biotechnologyapplications in order to improve and support our quality of life.

Biotechnology is starting to become a more well known topic not only in the
scientific community but also in the public spectrum. Biotechnology is a crucial for a bright
future for humans. Itallows scientists and researches to manufacture and create new
pharmaceuticals that can help detect, prevent and even cure some diseases that plague the
humanpopulation. Biotechnology plays an important role in the detection of maladiesthat can
be prevented allows scientists the ability to develop and vaccinate against potentially
dangerous diseases. It is important to understand theimportance of biotechnology, and how it
is being used to help improve the quality of life for all living organisms now and in the
future.

Key words: Environmental Biotechnology, Biotreatment and Biomonitoring of environment,

waste management and vaccination.

28. How to Grab an opportunity – which follows success

Dr S.Anitha
Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology,
Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu- 515003, India.

Opportunities will be there all around us but still we miss them. It is really a tragic
to let talent go unrealized. Hurdles or difficulties are bound to come along or before the
opportunity is seen. But this is when an individual uses too little power than what lies within,
and fear of work holds back. It is then the doors of opportunities remain unopened and
rusted. How or when does an opportunity come? Grabbing the opportunity does not mean to
be in a hasty to do things. Opportunity can be a chance to progress, so one should avoid

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missing or recognizing it. One should be prepared and understand that opportunity can’t be
measured by its size.

Acquiring skills necessary for success is not difficult, whenever one has
commitment to fulfill his dreams. What an employer or a company prefer? Is that the talent,
percentage of marks, hard work, what more. There are steps to improve and maximize your
abilities and make the workday more enjoyable. One should be willing to take the
responsibility and work hard to stay ahead in this race for success. So we should, “Think,
believe, dream and then only we can dare to achieve the success”. We should be ready to
take the advantage of the opportunity.
“A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in
every difficulty”. ~ Winston Churchill

29. Pathogenecityof vibriosps in seafoods

1M.Sireesha ,2S.Anoodbanu ,2M.Praveena lakshmi
1- Department of biotechnology SKR&SKR GDCW(A) Kadapa :2- II BSc Biotechnology

In developing countries like India, fishery products contribute a major food item of
common man. These products are easily contaminated by various food borne pathogens from
different sources. Pollution and cross contamination levels are very high in countries like
India due to lack of infrastructure resulting from severe population pressure. It is important
that fishery products should be maintained free from pathogens before consumption. The
incidence of fish borne bacterial species in fishery product may not be identified by simple
test. So more information is needed to evaluate its public health significance, especially on
potential cause of food poisoning.Association of several food borne pathogens with different
sea foods serve as vectors possibly causing human infection. These causative agents are
urging to determine their epidemiological status and also their species diversity by the
molecular method.

The objective of the present investigation was to find out the incidence of
Vibriospecies in fish and to analyze the expression of genetic diversity among the strains of
fish isolates from different fishes based on their protein (Total Cell Protein) profiles.

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30. Ameliorate hypoglycemic activity of Achyranthesaspera leaf methanolic extract on

STZ induced diabetic male wistar rats.

Nukala. Srinivasulu1, Putakala. Mallaiah1, Gujjalla. Sudhakar1, B. SasiBhusana Rao1,

Desireddy. Saralakumari*
1
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu-515003,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
e-mail ID : [email protected]

The present investigation was to evaluate the anti diabetic activity of Achyranthes
aspera leaf methanolic extract of (AALMEt) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male
wistar rats. Earlier studies on antihyperglycemic activities of A.aspera fragmentary and very
little information are available. So the present study was undertaken to explore beneficial
effects of leaf methanonlic extract of A. aspera in prevention of diabetes. Further, the
biochemical basis for its protection against anti diabetic property was investigated. In the
present systematic study, the following aspects were undertaken to investigate the efficacy of
A. asperaon STZ induced type-1 diabetic animal model. The body weight, plasma glucose,
oral glucose tolerance test, insulin and lipid profile were measured at every 15 days intervals
during the experimental period. Five groups were maintained named control (C), control
treated (CT), Diabetic (D), Diabetic treated (DT) and Diabetic treated with Metformin (DS)
and each group contained 10 animals. Every 15 days of time interval blood sample was
collected and body weights were measured. Blood glucose levels, plasma insulin, leptin,
adiponectine, urea, ureic acid oral glucose tolerant test and lipid profile were carried out.
After completion of experimental period all animals were sacrificed and collected organs for
histopathology. The treated animals were showed no side effects. Their body weights were
similar to control animals. Blood glucose levels, hormone levels were similar to control but
the diabetic animal’s body weights, blood glucose levels, lipid profile were abnormal. The
diabetic treated animals were recovered to normal. Further investigation is needed to find
Principle compound responsible for it.

KEY WORDS:Streptozotocin, Metformin, A.aspera, methanonlic extract.

31. SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION, DNA BINDING AND

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH
NOVEL SCHIFF BASE LIGAND.

D. Dhanalakshmi & K. Hussain Reddy*

Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,
Ananthapuramu, -515 003 (AP), India.

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Email: [email protected]

A Novel Schiff base ligand (DBPA) is prepared by condensing of 2,4-dihydroxy-

benzaldehyde and 2-picolylamine in ethanol. Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) complexes of DBPA are
synthesized and characterised on the basis of Elemental analysis, Molar conductance, UV-
Visible, IR, 1H- NMR, ESR and Mass spectral data. The spectral studies indicated that the
ligand acts as trifunctional NNO-donor system. .The electrochemical behaviour of the
complex was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Interaction of these complexes with Calf-
Thymus DNA was investigated by using Absorption spectrometry. The ligand(DBPA) as
well as the metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activities.

-5
5.0x10

-5
4.0x10

-5
3.0x10
Current/1e-5A

-5
2.0x10

-5
1.0x10

0.0
1
2
-5
-1.0x10
3
-5
-2.0x10
0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6
Potential/v vs 150 Hz

Figure: Cyclic voltammogram of Ni -BAPA Complex at different scan rates

(1) 0.05 (2) 0.1 (3) 0.2 mV S-1

Key words: 2, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-picolyl amine, Calf-Thymus DNA,

Antibacterial activities

32. SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION AND

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FUNCTIONALIZED HYDRAZONES
D. Kasim Bee1, K. Hussain Reddy*1 and N. Devanna2
1
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu – 515 003,
2
Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ananthapur – 515 002

New hydrazones have been synthesized by condensing 2-acetylthiophene with acetic

hydrazide and benzhydrazide. The synthesized hydrazones viz. 2-acetylthiophene acetoylhydrazone
(ATAH), 2-acetylthiophene benzoylhydrazone (ATBH) are characterized based on physico-chemical

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

and analytical data. Syntheses of ATAH and ATBH are confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Mass
spectral analysis. The hydrazones are screened for their anti-bacterial activities against Pseudomonas
aureoginos and Bacillus cereus. Acetoyl hydrazones are found to show more antibacterial activity
than the corresponding benzoyl hydrazones.

KEY WORDS : Synthesis, Characterization, Functionlized Hydrazones, Antibacterial activity

33. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND DNA BINDING PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION

METAL COMPLEXES WITH 2 -FORMYL PYRIDINE BENZOYLHYDRAZONE.

K. Anuja& K. Hussain Reddy*

Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,
Ananthapuramu-515 003 (AP) India.
Email: [email protected]

Copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) complexes of 2-Farmyl pyridine benzoyl

hydrazone(FPBH) have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental
analysis, molar conductivity, electronic, infrared , mass and ESR spectral data. The Crystal
structure of Ni(FPBH)2 is determined by using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The
ligand acts as mono anionic trifunctional NNO-donor system. Electrochemical behaviour of
metal complexes is investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. Absorption titration
studies revealed that the complexes are avid binders to Calf-Thymus DNA.
The binding constants suggest that the complexes bind DNA via intercalation mode.

1.6

16
1.4
15
14
1.2
13
12
1.0
11
-10
Absorbance

[DNA]/Ea-Ef x 10

10
0.8 9
8
0.6 7
6
0.4 5
4
0.2 3
2
0.0 1
0
250 300 350 400 450 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Wavelength(nm) [DNA ] X 10
-6

(A) (B)
(A) Absorption spectra of [Ni(FPBH)2] in the absence and in the presence of increasing
amounts of CT-DNA.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

(B) A plot between [DNA]/ (ɛa-ɛf) versus [DNA].

Key words: Transition Metal complexes, 2-Formylpyridine benzoylhydrazene, Crystal

structure, DNA binding .

34. Synthesis characterization biological evaluation and docking studies of

novelmannich bases bearing 2-phenoxy-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphol-2-oxide-
oxoazetidin and pyrazol-5-one rings.
D.Madhavi*, L.K.Ravindhranath.

Department of chemistry, Sri krishnadevaraya university, Anantapur, A.P-515003, India.

The novel title compounds 4-(3-chloro-1-(2-oxido-2-(4-substituted phenoxybenzo)-[d]

[1,3,2] dioxaphosphol-5-yl)-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl)-1-(morpholinomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-
1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (8a-f) were synthesized by condensing 4-(3-chloro-1-(3,4-dihydroxy
phenyl)-4-oxazetidin-2-yl)-1-(morpholinomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
(6) with 4-substituted phenylphosphorodichloridate(7a-f). The synthon (6) was prepared by
the reaction between 4-(((3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-1-(morpholinomethyl)-3-(tri
fluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one(4) and chloroacetyl chloride, the resulting product (5)
was subjected to hydrolysis. The synthon (4) was synthesized by carringoutMannich reaction
between 4-(((3, 4-dimethoxy phenyl) imino) methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-
one (3), formaldehyde and morpholine. The synthon (3) was prepared by condensation
reaction between 5-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (1) and
3, 4-dimethoxy aniline (2).
All the synthons (3, 4, 5 & 6) and novel title compounds (8a-f) were characterized by
IR,' HNMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectral analysis and elemental analysis. The title compounds
(8a-f) were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The docking studies were
also carried out on the title compounds. The results pertaining to all the above studies were
incorporated in the present research article. The synthetic scheme of the title compounds (8a-
f) was shown in the scheme-Ι along with reaction conditions used in the present studies. The
completing of the purity of the compounds in each step was checked by thin layer
chromatographic technique (TLC).
The reaction sequence pertaining to the synthesis of the target molecule (8a-f) were
presented in scheme –Ι

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

*contact address-D.Madhavi,Department of chemistry,Srikrishnadevaraya university,

Anantapur,A.P-515003,India

Email:[email protected],

Phone:9502766938

Scheme:-Ι: proposed synthetic scheme for the preparation of (8a-f)

Reagents & Reaction conditions: (a)Ethanol, acetic acid, 100℃ 5-6hrs, 82% (b)
HCHO, DMF, Morpholine (c) ClCH2COCl, Et3N, Dioxane (d) methoxyquinoline in
HI refluxed for 4hrs (e) Dry toluene, THF,Et3N,50-60℃.
Compound 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f
No 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f
R -H -CH3 -OCH3 -Cl -Br -CF3

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

35. DNA BINDING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES ON MIXED

LIGAND TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH 1, 10-PHENANTHROLINE
AND 2-ACETYLTHIOPHENE THIOSEMICARBAZONE

Kummara Srinivasulu K. Hussain Reddy* K. Anja & D. Dhanalakshmi

Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University,
Ananthapuramu, AndhraPradesh-515 003
Email: [email protected]

Mixed ligand complexes having general formula [M(Phen) ATT] (Where M = Co(II),
Ni(II), and Cu(II), Phen = 1,10-Phenanthroline, ATT = 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone)
have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of molar conductivity, mass , IR ,
electronic and ESR spectral data.. ATT acts as monoanionic tridentate ligand as evidenced
by IR data. A general structure for ternary complex is proposed based on analytical,
physicochemical and spectral data. Electrochemical behaviour of metal complexes is
investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. UV-Absorption spectral titration data results
indicate that mixed ligand complexes bind to DNA through an intercalative mode. The
complexes are found to have good antimicrobial activity.

0.40

13
0.35 12
11
10
0.30
9
Absorbance

8
[DNA/[Ea-Ef]

0.25 7
6
5
0.20
4
3
0.15 2
1
0
0.10
0 1 2 3 4 5
240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 -6
[DNA] X 10
Wavelength(nm)

(A) (B)
(C) Absorption spectra of [Cu(Phen)(ATT)Cl2] in the absence and in the presence of
increasing amounts of CT-DNA.; A plot between [DNA]/ (ɛa-ɛf) versus [DNA].
Key words: Mixed ligand metal complexes, 1,10-Phenanthroline, 2-acetylthiophene
thiosemicarbazone, DNA binding, antibacterial activity.
36. PREPARATION AND FORMULATION OF CEFIXIME MICROSPHERES
1Y. Manjula Devi, 2G.Sailaja

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Contract lecturer in Chemistry, KSN GDC (W), Anantapur.

Reader in Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Uravakonda.

The purpose of this research work was to prepare the Cefixime microspheres in
different formulations. Microspheres are defined as solid spherical particles containing
dispersed drug in either solution or micro crystalline form. They are ranging in size from 1 to
1000 micrometer. Microspheres are spherical solid particles. These microspheres are
prepared by Solvent evaporation method by using three different types of biodegradable
polymers. Nine different formulations named F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, and F9 are
prepared by changing drug to polymer ratio, volume of internal phase, volume of external
phase and stirring time.

Key words: Cefixime, Microspheres, Solvent evaporation, bio degradable polymer

37. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

C.ChandraSekharReddy (M.Sc)
Dept of BioChemistry, S.K.University, [email protected]

Environmental Biotechnology is biotechnology that is applied to and used to study the

Natural Environment. Environmental biotechnology could also imply that one try to harness
biological process for commercial uses and exploitation. The international Society for Environmental
Biotechnology defines environmental biotechnology as “the development , use and regulation of
biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments(land, air, water),and environment-
friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development)”. Bioremediation
is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by
altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target
pollutant. Biological treatment is a similar approach used to treat wastes including wastewater,
industrial waste and solid waste. Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new
materials and objects. It is an alternative to “conventional” waste disposal that can save material and
help lower greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful materials
and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution
(from incineration),and water pollution(from landfilling). Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from
their ores through the use of living organisms .This is much cleaner than the traditional heap leaching
using cyanide. Bioleaching is one of several applications within biohydrometallurgy and several
methods are used to recover copper, zinc, lead, arsenice, nickel, gold, silver and cobalt.
Environmental Protection Agency as “Waste Water treated or untreated- that flows out of a treatment

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to Wastes discharged into surface waters”….This
cleaner effluent is then used to feed the bacteria in biofilters.

Key words: Biopesticide, Biorefinery, Biocompounds, Biofuel, Waste minimization

technique, Green house and Horticulture.

38. The Capacity of Emergent Novel Biotechnological applications for

health and well- being benefits
Dr. E. Sreedevi1 and Dr. P. Padma Sree2
1Lecturer in Botany, Government Degree College, Tadipatri, Anantapur (Dist.,), A.P.
2 Lecturer in Geology, Government College (A), Anantapur, A.P.

Realizing the potential of new and emergent technologies requires imaginative use of
creativity to translate biotechnological innovations into successful improvements and can
take place at a range of levels, from commercial companies to the activities of individual
citizens. In this work, a range of novel, frequently interfacial technologies with
biotechnological applications are discussed and the outlook for future enhancements
considered. Methods for sequencing from individual single cells now allow a variety of
functional cell states to be investigated, following developmental, temporal or disease related
changes in genomes and gene expression in ways not previously possible.

Personalised and predictive screening, pre-disease and biomarker identification, gene

therapy and genome editing as well as large scale analysis of data from single cell sequencing
and digital PCR screening programmes are being used in new approaches to earlier disease
detection, rapid point of care diagnostics, increase understanding and improve outcomes.
Multi-disciplinary approaches are benefitting all areas of biotechnology, from synthetic
biology to microbial community dynamics and new product development, as innovative
applications combine elements of novel technologies to address previously intractable
problems. Combining sequencing advances and bioinformatics can enhance clinical studies
through the development and validation of cancer genomic profiling tests, based on
massively parallel DNA sequencing.

Single-cell genome and transcriptome sequencing methods are generating a fresh

wave of biological insights into development, cancer and neuroscience. Genome and
transcriptome sequencing require more starting material than the few picograms found in an
individual cell, pushing the limits of amplification technology. Heavy amplification also
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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

propagates errors and biases, leading to uneven coverage, noise and inaccurate quantification.
Recent technical advances have helped mitigate these challenges, making single-cell
sequencing an appealing way to address an expanding set of problems. Single-cell
sequencing can enable the discovery of clonal mutations, cryptic cell types or transcriptional
features that would be diluted or averaged out in bulk tissue studies.

39. Simultaneous second order method for the determination of Manganese

(II) and Nickel (II) by spectrophotometry
M.Satyanarayana Rao1, P.Saifulla Khan*1 and P.Raveendra Reddy2
1. Department of Chemistry, Govt. College (A), Anantapuramu.
2. Department of Chemistry, S.K. University, Anantapuramu

A simple, sensitive and selective derivative spectrophotometric method was

developed for the simultaneous determination of Manganese (II) and Nickel (II) in a Mixture.
The reagent 2-Amino acetophenoneisonicotinoyl hydrazone (2-AAINH) reacts with
manganese forming greenish colored complex and with Nickel form yellow-colored complex
at PH 9.0. The second order derivative spectra of Mn(II) and Ni(II) complexes at PH 9.0 were
recorded in the wave length region 400-600 nm. The second order derivative spectrum of
Mn(II) complex shows zero amplitude at 445nm and 490nm and considerably large
amplitude at 462nm. On the other hand Ni (II) complex shows sufficient amplitude at 445nm
(valley) and 482nm (peak) and zero amplitude at 462nm.

The experimental results indicates that the derivative amplitudes obey Beer’s law at
462nm and 445 (or) 482nm for Manganese(II) and Nickel(II) in the range of 0.065-7.965μg
mL-1 for Mn(II) and 0.07-3.4 μg mL-1 of Ni(II) respectively. The present method was
employed for the simultaneous determination of Mn(II) and Ni(II) in some steel alloys and
aluminium based alloy samples.

Key words: Derivative spectrophotometry, 2- Amino AcetophenoneIsonicotinoyl Hydrazone

(2-AAINH), Buffer solution, Manganese (II) and Nickel (II).

40. Nanotechnological studies on active principles ofWithaniasomnifera

K.Bhuvana Chandra Mohan, M.Tech

Research scholar, Department of Food Technology,
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University-Anantapur
Contact: [email protected], +91-9966743889

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Nanotechnology is an important field of modern research dealing with design,

synthesis, manipulation of particles structure ranging starts from 1nm and its application on
wide range of scientific and technological fields. There are several chemical methods exist
for synthesis of nanoparticles, some of these have been found to be toxic to animals or plants
which may eventually end up in human system. Therefore, it become extremely important to
focus on biological methods for the production of nanoparticles. Medicinal plants are gaining
their importance for the curative medicine against the preventive medicine. The proposed
study focuses on the plant Withaniasomniferawhich is proved to be a valuable medicinal
plant since from ancient times. Withaniasomniferacommonly known as Aswagandha, Indian
ginseng, Poison gooseberry or winter cherry belongs to the family of Solanaceae, widely used
in the treatment of many clinical applications.
The research done so far reveals some active ingredients which contribute to the most
of the biological actions in Withania, they are WithaferinA, Withanolides, Steroidal lactones
such as Tropine and Cuscohygrine, etc., which are Anti- Bacterial, Anti- Inflammatory, Anti-
Fungal and enhance the body defense against infections and tumors. The knowledge of
microbial activity on naturally synthesized nanoparticles is the need of the hour.
In the current study several chromatographic methods are used to analyze the plant
extracts which are obtained from different parts of Withaniasomnifera. These plant extracts
are the major source for synthesis of nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles are
characterized with spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The nanoparticles synthesized
from Withania are used against the microbes to determine their susceptibility to the particles
and to ascertain if this can be useful in therapy formulation against the diseases caused by the
micro organisms. This study can be useful to understand the toxicity and safety issues of
naturally synthesized nanoparticles against the chemically synthesized nanoparticles. The
proposed research can be extended by conducting clinical trials on the synthesized
nanoparticles, which can establish a wide range of applications in drug delivery mechanism
which ultimately utilized in food processing such as therapeutic preparations.

Key Words: Nano Synthesis, Active principles, Withaniasomnifera, Characterisation,

41. SERICULTURE –BIOTECHNOGY

K.V.S.Ganesh & D.Saikumar
III B.Sc ( B.M.C.) , S.V. Degree & P.G college , Ananthapur

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Though India is the second largest silk producing country it could not provide
sufficient silk requirement. Silk is also known as queen of fabrics and most widely used to
manufacture luxury cloths and some other garments. Silk mainly compose of fibroin and
glycine proteins. Genetic engineering and Biotechnology led to provide better varieties of
silkworm that produce more silk and more resistant to diseases and environmental conditions.
R-DNA TECHNOLOGY provides a fresh impetus to Biotechnology. Techniques of gene
manipulation occupied a unique place in all aspects of Modern Biology. Seri culture is one
area where the impact of the techniques is being developed. Bulk amount of silk is produced
from BOMBYXMORI of which many strains ranging from exotic yield . The quality and
yield of silk depends on healthy silk worms which itself depends on high quality field and
disease Chinese scientists have mapped the genome (genetic make-up) of silkworm
Bombyxmori. Silkworm is the first lepidopteron to have its genome mapped. These
scientists identified five key genes relating to gender control, growth and immunity. They
also found 1874 genes associated with the silk gland. Silkworm has an estimated 18510
genes. These findings are of great advance to sericulture practicing countries to have novel
strains in the near future. free stocks. The gene which is responsible for high tolerance to
disease is incorporated into high silk yielding silkworm chromosomal DNA or plasmid DNA
or the silk ( fibroin , glycine) protein coding m-RNA promoter sequence can be altered in
order to produce high yields of silk .

Central silk board (CSB) established the Seri biotech Research Laboratory (SBRL) at
Bangalore, as an R&D component of NSP during 1993. The objectives of SBRL is to conduct
research in frontier areas of modern biology and to seek potential applications of this work to
improve silk productivity , to interact with the other institutions doing basic and applied
research , In sericulture and other allied areas and to disseminate technology developed to the
targets through the other R&D constituents of CSB.

Keywords: Modern biology , r-DNA technology , Bombyxmori , lepidopteron , Central Silk

Board.

42. Role of hydrophonics in agriculture

Y. Harshini, B. Saitejaswee, N. Sravani & K. Snehalatha (I B.Sc Biotechnology)
Dept of Biotechnology, S. V Degree & PG College, Anantapuramu.
[email protected]

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, which is a method of

growing plants without soil by using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. Terrestrial
plants may be grown with only their roots exposed to the mineral solution, or the roots may
be supported by an inert medium, such as perlite or gravel. The nutrients used in hydroponic
systems can come from an array of different sources; these can include, but are not limited
to, byproduct from fish waste, duck manure, or purchased chemical fertilisers. Growth of
terrestrial plants without soil in mineral nutrient solutions was called solution culture. It
quickly became a standard research and teaching technique and is still widely used. Solution
culture is, now considered, a type of hydroponics where there is no inert medium. In 1929,
William Frederick Gericke of the University of California at Berkeley began publicly
promoting that solution culture be used for agricultural crop production. There are two main
variations for each medium, sub-irrigation and top irrigation. For all techniques, most
hydroponic reservoirs are now built of plastic, but other materials have been used including
concrete, glass, metal, vegetable solids, and wood. The containers should exclude light to
prevent algae and fungal growth in the nutrient solution. In static solution culture, plants are
grown in containers of nutrient solution, such as glass Mason jars (typically, in-home
applications), plastic buckets, tubs, or tanks. The solution is usually gently aerated but may
be un-aerated. The nutrient solution is changed either on a schedule, such as once per week,
or when the concentration drops below a certain level as determined with an electrical
conductivity meter

Key words:Hydroponics, hydroculture, mineral nutrient solutions, terrestrial plants.

43. Plants as Antifungal Factories

S. Mohammad Rafi
Final year B.Sc. BTMC, SSBN Degree college,Anantapuramu. Ph: 6302493788

Researchers have developed a biotechnological tool to produce, in a very efficient

manner, antifungal proteins in the leaves of the plant Nicotianabenthamiana. These proteins
are promising biomolecules that could be used to develop new antifungals whose properties
and mechanisms of action represent improvements on the existing ones, and which can be
applied in diverse fields, including crop and postharvest protection and animal and human
health.

Disease-causing fungi that infect plants, animals and humans pose a serious threat to human
and animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience. More people die every year from fungal

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

infections than from malaria. Furthermore, fungal infections can have fatal consequences for at-risk
immunocompromised patients with HIV/AIDS and organ transplantation, among others.

A virus at the service of biotechnology

The CSIC researcher at the IBMCP José Antonio Daros is an expert in viruses that
infect plants. Through genetic engineering, Daros and his team in Valencia managed to
modify the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) so that, instead of producing its own pathogenic
proteins, it produced other proteins of interest. In Barcelona, the team led by Maria Coca
implemented this tool to produce antifungal proteins in leaves of the Nicotianabenthamiana
plant -a plant from the tobacco family widely used in research- discovering that these leaves
produced large quantities of these new antifungals.

The work of the CRAG, IBMCP and IATA researchers shows that the plants can be
used as biofactories of antifungal proteins for commercial purposes.

44. Swine flu (h1n1) virus –therapeutic effects of a preventive flu

drugs
M.SURENDRA&D.SAIHIMAJA

Lecturer in Department of chemistry,

SSBN DEGREE AND PG COLLEGE, ANATAPURAMU.
Email: [email protected]

A classical swine flu virus can an influenza type A (H1N1) virus was first isolated from a pig
in 1930. Swine flu, also called Hog or pig flu, is an infection caused by any one of the several types of
swine influenza virus (SIV). A suspect case is defined as an individual with fever
(temperature100.40F/380C) and one or more of the following manisestations cough, sore throat or
shortness of breath. The term influenza derived from Italian word influence was termed in 1357A.D.
The first case of death had its epicenter in Pune. Hippocrates, is a father of medicine, as described the
symptoms of the flu in 412 B.C at printouts in North Greece. Influenza viruses are enveloped viruses
with segmented negative stranded RNA genomes they are classified into three genera /A, B, C
Influenza-A viruses contain eight genome segments that encode 10 differential proteins. For
influenza-A viruses 16 HA serotypes (H1/H16) and 9 NA serotypes (N1/NA) are known of which
only the H1, H2, H3, H5 viruses. It evolves through antigenic drift and occasionally by antigenic
shift. Antigenic drift changes the HA protein enough to render immunity acquire during an influenza
season either through, infection or vaccination, in effective in the next season. This introduction of

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

completely new HA serotype into circulating human influenza viruses is called antigenic shift. It
transmits the SO-IAV has effectively transmitted between humans since its first detection in April
2009. A virus has been considered an antigenic Pseudo shift. Although SOIAV is of zoonotic origin.It
is already transmitting like a pandemic virus and is undergoing adaptive mutations. It can be
prevented by contacting with sick people. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth. Try to stay in
good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, and manage your stress. It can be tested
clinical manifestations signs, aches and fevers, upper respiratory symptoms etc. Influenza, antiviral
drugs are oseltamivir- the neuraminidase inhibitor it formulated as capsules. Zanamivir is the
neuraminidase inhibitor it formulates as oral inhalation. It is similar to the use of Oseltamivir.
Peramivir it is formulated for intravenous (IV) administration, it is currently being evaluated in
clinical trials. It is a contagious disease causes severe illness and life threatening complications. For
healthy people, resting and drinking plenty fluids. For people at high risk with this flu complication,
medications and hospitalization may be needed.

Key words: Swine flu, influenza virus, Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Peramivir, Neuraminidase inhibitor

45. Natural products (Biopesticides)

D. Saikumar& K.V.S Ganesh
III B.sc(B.M.C) , S.V DEGREE & P.G college, Ananthapur

Now a days pesticidal usage causes various types environmental pollutions, in order
to control the usage of chemical pesticides ORGANIC BIOPESTICIDES are came to
existence in order to reduce the of chemical pesticide contamination. Generally,
biopesticides are made of living things, come from living things, or they are found in nature.
They tend to pose fewer risks than conventional chemicals. Very small quantities can be
effective and they tend to break down more quickly, which cause no pollution. For example,
canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal applications and are considered biopesticides are
classified into various types. Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that
control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Microbial pesticides consist of a microorganism
(e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) as the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides
can control many different kinds of pests, Plant-Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs) are pesticidal
substances that plants produce from genetic material that has been added to the plant. Plant-
Incorporated-Protectants (PIPs) are pesticidal substances that plants produce from genetic
material that has been added to the plant.

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

In 1994, we established the Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division in the Office of
Pesticide Programs to facilitate the registration of biopesticides. This division promotes the
use of safer pesticides, including biopesticides, as components of IPM programs.

Key words: organic-biopesticides, biochemical pesticides, plant-incorporated protectants.

46. Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Poly Ethylene glycol

G.Sai vaishnavi and D. Muralidhara rao

Bioprocess Division, Department of Biotechnology, Sri krishnadevaraya University,

Ananthapuramu-515001, Andhrapradesh.

With planets dwindling natural resources and global warming concerns, there is a
synergetic attempt to come up with renewable and sustainable biofuels like poly ethylene
glycol which is witnessing steady growth and demand due to its multitudinous industrial
applications, worldwide.

Biotechnology is an advanced technological application driving the production of

biofuels like PEG with approaches like artificial selection and genetic engineering, which is
an on- going process aimed at increase in productivity and efficiency of microbes. For the
production of PEG from cheaper biomass, pathway engineering approaches like metabolic
engineering is aimed at generation of new metabolic pathways by combining genes from
distinct organisms in desired host to synthesize PEG with low production costs in a eco-
friendly manner. Rapidly expanding information from genomics and genetics combined with
improved genetic engineering technologies offer a wide range of possibilities for enhanced
PEG production. Therefore, the convergence of metabolic engineering approaches in
synthetic biology with synthetic genomes, which include protein engineering, imaging,
fermentation technology, chromatography, enzyme technology, chemical engineering,
genome sequencing and bioinformatics are together boosting country’s economy in PEG
production which is a proof of biotechnological advancement and its enormous potential.

Keywords: Biotechnology, Genetic engineering, Poly ethylene glycol, Biofuel

47. SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROPROPAGATION IN AGRICULTURE

P. SUMANTH & N. KIRAN (II B.Sc Biotechnology)

Dept of Biotechnology, S. V Degree & PG College, Anantapuramu.
[email protected]

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

Micropropagation is an advanced vegetative propagation technology for producing a

large number of genetically superior and pathogen-free transplants in a limited time and
space.Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce
a large number of progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods.
Micropropagation is used to multiply plants such as those that have been genetically
modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods. It is also used to provide a
sufficient number of plantlets for planting from a stock plant which does not produce seeds,
or does not respond well to vegetative reproduction. Micropropagation begins with the
selection of plant material to be propagated. Clean stock plant materials that are free of
viruses and fungi are important in the production of the healthiest plants. This small portion
of plant tissue, sometimes only a single cell, is placed on a growth medium, typically
containing sucrose as an energy source and one or more plant growth regulators
(plant hormones). Usually the medium is thickened with agar to create a gel which supports
the explant during growth. The growth of callus varies with the homogenous levels of auxin
and Cytokinin and can be manipulated by endogenous supply of these growth regulators in
the culture medium. The main advantage of micropropagation is the production of many
plants that are clones of each other. Micropropagation can be used to produce disease-free
plants. Micropropagation often produces more robust plants, leading to accelerated growth
compared to similar plants produced by conventional methods - like seeds or cuttings. A
greater number of plants can be produced per square meter and the propagules can be stored
longer and in a smaller area.

Key words: Micropropagation, Explant, Callus, plant Growth hormones.

48. Simultaneous determination of U(VI) and Pd (II) using 4-

hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone by second order derivative
Spectrophotometric technique.
K. P. Satheesh*1 and T.Sailaja Rani 2
1*.Department of Chemistry, JNTUA Anantapuramu(A.P)
2 Department of chemistry, Govt. College Autonomous, Anantapuramu(A.P)
Email: [email protected]

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

The reagent 4- hydroxybenzaldehydethiosemicarbazone ( 4-HBTS) gives yellow

coloration with U (VI)as well as Pd (II) in acidic medium. This observation is used for the
simultaneous determination of both the metal ions using second order derivative
spectrophotometry. Optimum conditions were established for this determination. Job’s and
mole-ratio methods are used for the determination of composition of the metal complexes..

Key wods : Second order derivative Spectro photometry, 4- Hydroxybenzaldehyde

thiosemicarbazone,

49. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Substituted

dioxaphosphole-5-yl-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl thiophene-2-carboxamides
T. Sailaja Rani*1 K.P.Satheesh2 K.B.Chandrasekhar3 R.Saileela4

L.K.Ravindranath5
1*
Department of chemistry, Govt. College Autonomous, Anantapuramu(A.P)
2
Department of Chemistry, JNTUA, Anantapuramu,(A.P.),
3
Director of Foreign Affairs and Alumni Matters, JNTUA, Anantapuramu(A.P.),
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SK University, Anantapur, 5Department of
Chemistry,
SK University, Anantapur

3-(3-chloro-2-(2-oxido-2-phenylbenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-5-yl)-4-oxoazetidin-1-
yl)thiophene-2-carboxamides (10a-g) were synthesized by condensing 3-(3-chloro-2-(3,4-
dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide(8) with 4-substituted phenyl
phosphorodichloridates(9a-g). The synthon(8) was synthesized by hydrolysis of 3-(3-chloro-
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide(7). The intermediate
(7) was synthesized by condensing 3-((3,4-dimethoxybensylidene)amino)thiophene-2-
carboxamide(5) with monochloro acetyl chloride(6). The synthon(5) was synthesized by
reaction between 3-aminothiophene-2-caroxamide(3) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde(4).
Starting intermediate (3) was synthesized by condensation reaction between 2-cyano
acetamide(1) and 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol(2). The reagents and conditions were shown in a, b, c,
d and e. The synthetic route was shown in Scheme-I.

The target molecules (10a-g) were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, C13NMR, Mass and
elemental analysis. The target molecules were subjected to biological evaluation and docking

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National Seminar on Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Chemical Sciences & Biotechnology 4-5, Jan, 2019,GC(A), ATP

studies. The results observed in the present investigation were reported in this present
research article.

R=-H, -CH3, -F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -NO2

Scheme-I: Proposed synthetic route for the preparation of 10(a-g)

Reagents and conditions :

a) A solution of 2-cyano acetamide and 2,5-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane in ethanol was refluxed in the
presence of catalytic amount of triethylamine for 8-12hrs.

b) Equimolar quantity of (4) and 2-aminocyclopenta-1,3 dienecarboxamide (3) were dissolved In

absolute alcohol, and heated steam bath for 5-6hr at 1000c.

c) Monochloro acetyl chloride was added drop wise to the compound(5) and triethyl amine in dioxine
(25ml) at room temperature.

d) The 3-(3-chloro2-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl) 4-oxaazetidin-1-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide in HBr refluxed

for 4hrs.

e) Dry toluene, triethylamine,THF, addition at 50c kept at RT for 2hrs, reaction mixture heat 60 0c for 4hrs.

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50. BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION

K.Vanaja, K.S.N. Government Degree College for Women, Ananthapuramu.

Most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary
feature of life is its diversity. Sum of all the variety of living organisms on earth constitute
biodiversity. Biological diversity is usually considered at three different levels – Genetic
diversity, Species diversity and Ecosystem diversity. India is a country of vast diversity and
it is among the 12 “mega-diversity” countries. India accounts for only 2.4 % of the land area
of the world; but it contributes approximately 8% species to the global diversity. The various
benefits of biological diversity can be grouped under three categories - Ecosystem services,
Biological resources, and social benefits. Loss of species is a serious cause of concern for
human survival. The threat to survival or loss may be caused by Natural or Anthropogenic
causes which includes Deforestation, hunting, poaching, over exploitation. Loss or
modification of the natural habitats, introduction of exotic species, pollution, Climate change
etc.
Conservation is the planned management of natural resources, to retain the balance in
nature and retain the diversity. Conservation efforts can be grouped into the following two
categories: in-situ (on-site) conservation, ex-situ (off-site) conservation. Biodiversity is a
wealth to which no value can be put. We should treat all animals and plants with compassion.
Every individual can make a small and yet significant effort in the race to save our planet and
conserve biodiversity.

Key words : Ecosystem services, Biological resources, Social benefits, Natural or

Anthropogenic causes , Ex-situ conservation, In-situ conservation.

51. THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANT DIVERSITY IN KSN DEGREE

COLLEGE (W) ANANTHAPURAMU A.P.
M. Vishnu Priya and M. Bheemalingappa
Department of Botany,
KSN Degree College (w), Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh – 515 001.

Biodiversity is the variety of life and its numerous processes on the earth. The
variations observed in all life forms, like plants and animals living at different habitats,
geographic areas and environments is biodiversity. The term biodiversity was proposed by
Norse and Mc Manus in 1980. They coined this term to include those with genetic diversity

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and ecological diversity. W.G. Rosen in 1985 used this term to include all variations at all
levels as Biodiversity. Rich diversity is generally found in the tropics compared to polar
regions. India has rich and varied heritage of biodiversity and has different temperature zones
and wide varieties of habitats such as tropical rain forests, temperate forests, sub temperate
forests, alpine forests, coastal and mangrove forests and wet lands. India with its rich
diversity of plant and animal wealth has a prominent place in 12 mega diversity nations of the
world.In India 10 Biogeographic regions, 16 Agroclimatic zones, 25 Biotic provinces, 426
Biomass areas are present. It is also interesting to note that out of world’s total biodiversity
12% of biodiversity is found in India alone. According to BSI report (2017) till date in India
48,722 plant species (18,386 Angiosperms) with 13,193 (6,123 Angiosperms) endemics are
recorded. Based on AP Biodiversity Board field guide, currently in our Andhra Pradesh
presence with 3000 wild and naturalized plant species of angiosperms including with 69 strict
endemics.

In this connection we are recorded primarily 142 wild plant species belongs to 32
families are recorded in our college campus with student involvement. The specimens are
store in the form of student herbarium in our college campus. Recently we are established a
botanical garden by the involvement of students, teaching and non-teaching staff and our
principal. Here we planning to maintained good number of plant species both terrestrial (60
plants) and aquatic (8 plants) and potted (60 plants) plants for student interest and future
benefit. It is a chance or platform to give knowledge to our students for the development or
encouragement of the plant lovers like future biodiversity scientists or conservators.

Key words: Biodiversity, endemics, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

52. IN SILICO DRUG DESIGN

S.M.GousiaNahid (B.Sc), Dr N. Srinivasulu, Vinodsir and Hosma Roses

Govt. College (Autonomous), Anantapuramu

Drug discovery and development is an intense, lengthy and an interdisciplinary venture.

Recently, a trend towards the use of in-silico chemistry and molecular modeling for computer-aided
drug design has gained significant momentum. In-silico drug design skills are used in
nanotechnology, molecular biology, biochemistry etc. The main benefit of the in-silico drug design is
cost effective in research and development of drugs. There are wide ranges of software are used in in-
silico drug design, Grid computing, window based general PBPK/PD modeling software, PLUDDS

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for structure based drug design, APIS, JAVA, Perl and Python, in-silico drug design as well as
software including software libraries. There are different techniques used in in-silico drug design
visualization, homology, molecular dynamic, energy minimization molecular docking and QSAR etc.
In-silico drug design can take part considerably in all stages of drug development from the preclinical
discovery stage to late stage clinical development. Its exploitation in drug development helps in the
selection of only a potent lead molecule and may thus thwart the late stage clinical failures; thereby a
major diminution in cost can be achieved. This article gives an insight to all the aspects of in-silico
drug design; its potential, drivers, current development and the future prospects.

Key words:Drug design, Molecular Docking,QSAR,MD simulation, Homology modeling.

53. COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

M. BHAKTHAVATSALAM, AND M. RAVI KUMAR
Lecturer in physics,GDC (A), ATP

Computational biology involves the development and application of data-analytical

and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to
the study of biological, ecological, behavioral, and social systems. The field is broadly
defined and includes foundations in biology, applied
mathematics, statistics, biochemistry, chemistry, biophysics, molecular
biology, genetics, genomics, computer science and evolution.

Computational biology is different from biological computing, which is a subfield

of computer science and computer engineering using bioengineering and biology to
build computers, but is similar to bioinformatics, which is an interdisciplinary science using
computers to store and process biological data.

Bio computers use systems of biologically derived molecules—such

as DNA and proteins—to perform computational calculations involving storing, retrieving,
and processing data.

The development of biocomputers has been made possible by the expanding new
science of nanobiotechnology. The term nanobiotechnology can be defined in multiple ways;
in a more general sense, nanobiotechnology can be defined as any type of technology that
uses both nano-scale materials (i.e. materials having characteristic dimensions of 1-
100 nanometers) and biologically based materials. A more restrictive definition views
nanobiotechnology more specifically as the design and engineering of proteins that can then

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be assembled into larger, functional structures. The implementation of nanobiotechnology, as

defined in this narrower sense, provides scientists with the ability to
engineer biomolecular systems specifically so that they interact in a fashion that can
ultimately result in the computational functionality of a computer.

Biocomputers use biologically derived materials to perform computational functions.

A biocomputer consists of a pathway or series of metabolic pathways involving biological
materials that are engineered to behave in a certain manner based upon the conditions (input)
of the system. The resulting pathway of reactions that takes place constitutes an output,
which is based on the engineering design of the biocomputer and can be interpreted as a form
of computational analysis. Three distinguishable types of biocomputers include biochemical
computers, biomechanical computers, and bioelectronic computers.

54. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF MANGROVES OF ANDAMANISLANDS, INDIA

M. Bheemalingappaand B. Ravi Prasad Rao

Department of Botany
Government College (A) Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh – 515 001.

The International Society for Mangrove Ecosystem classifies mangroves as either

True Mangroves’ or ‘Minor Mangroves’ based on their features and morphological
adaptations. True mangroves refer to “those woody plants that have developed aerial roots
and viviparous traits through morphological adaptations and only live in river estuaries”.
Minor mangroves, also known as mangrove associates, are “those plants that are salt and
drought tolerant and have the ability to extend their growth from the intertidal zone to land”.
The mangrove biota or ecosystem consists of the intertidal flora and fauna found in the
tropics and subtropics and dominated by evergreen sclerophyllous broad-leaved trees and it
provide habitats for numerous animals and micro-organisms live in close interaction with the
mangrove vegetation. Mangrove forests provide essential functions and services to coastal
populations, such as protection of the coastal zone (e.g. Badola&Hussain, 2005; Dahdouh-
Guebaset al., 2005b; Olwiget al., 2007; Barbieret al., 2008; Kaplan et al., 2009), a variety of
timber and non-timber forest products and it fix more carbon dioxide per unit area than
phytoplankton in tropical oceans.

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We studied mangroves of Havelock Island, the largest Island in Andaman group of

Islands, extended over 113.93 km² and is situated 57 km North East to Port Blair. There are
5 human habitations in the Island. The climate is warm, moist and equable. The temperature
ranges from 18° C to 34° C. An average rainfall of 3000 mm per year is received from south
west and north east monsoon. The humidity is highly variable from 66 to 85%. The
vegetation of the Island can be broadly classified into mangrove forest, strand or beach forest,
moist deciduous forest and evergreen forests. The Forest Survey of India (2015) estimated an
extent of 4,740 km² mangrove area in India, of which Andaman and Nicobar Islands
comprise 617 km2. Havelock Island mangroves represent a typical mangrove habitat of
Andaman Islands.

In present work we recorded the presence of 24 true mangrove species in Havelock

Islands which represent 60 % of the total true mangroves of India and 70 % of the true
mangroves of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Further, 22 associate mangroves are also
recorded from Havelock Island. True mangroves include the significant species like
Aegicerascorniculatum, Avicenniaofficinalis, Lumnitzeraracemosa, Rhizophoraapiculata and
Sonneratiaovata. For the purpose of the seminar, we would like to focus on mangrove
diversity of Havelock Islands and and their ecosystem services

Keywords: Mangrove biota, Havelock Island and Andaman Islands

55. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

B.V.CHAKRAVARTHI , K. NAGENDRAPRASAD
K.GOVARDHAN KTS GOVT DEGREE COLLEGE :RAYADURG
Email.com:saleemchem08 @ gmail.com

Environment belongs to all and is importanrt to all.Whatever be the occupation or age of a person, he
wiill be affected by enviromentand also he will affect the environment by his deeds.That is why we
find an internationally observed environment calender to mark some impartment aspect or issue of
environment

Research and Development in environment:skilled environmental scientists have an impartement role

to play in examining various environmental problems in a scientists manner and carry out R&D
activities for developing cleaner technologies and promoting sustainable development. There is a need
for trained manpower at every level to deal with environmental issues. Environmental management
and environmental engineering are emerging as new career opportunities for environmental
protections and management with the pollutions control laws becoming more stringent industries are

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finding is difficult to disposc off the wastes produced in order to avoid

expensivlitigataoncompaniesare now trying to adopt green technology wich would reduse pollutions
investing in pollutions control technologies will reduce pollutions as well as cut on cuts for effiuent
treatment. Market for pollutions control technology is increasing the world over.cleaning up the
wastes produced is another potential marcket. It is estimated to be more than 100$ billon per year for
all American business Germny and Japan having more stringent iaws for many years have gained
more experience in reducing effiusnts still there is a 200$billons market for cleaning up the former
East Germany alone in India also the pollutios control boards are seriously implementing pollution
control laws and insisting on upgradatins of effluents to meet the prescribed standards before they are
discharged on land or into a water body.Many companies not complying with the order have been
closede or order to shift

Green media : environmental awareness can be spred amongst through massea media like telivisions
radio new parer,magazineshoardingsadvertisements etc. for which environmentally educated persons
are required

Environmental consultancy : many non governmentorganisations (NGO”s)industries and government

bodies are engaging environmental consultants for systimatically studying and tacking environmental
related problems

56. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRIAL AND

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Dr. K. Vijaya Lakshmi1& B. Jameela Beebi2
1
Lecturer in Chemistry, Govt. College (A), Anantapuramu
2
Lecturer in Zoology, Govt. College (A), Anantapuramu

In 21st century, biotechnology plays an important role in agriculture, health, industry

and environment. Biotechnology can compress the time frame required to translate
fundamental discoveries into applications. The applications of biotechnology are so broad
and the advantages so compelling that virtually every industry is using this technology.
From the past two decades, due to direct or indirect human activities generate wastes,
there has been a significant increase in the levels of environmental pollution. Presently, major
sources of environmental pollutions are Industries, Agricultural sources, anthropogenic
sources like man related activities mainly in urban areas, biogenic sources etc. Global
industrial explosion which is intended to cater for the needs of the world's increasing
population is always associated with environmental pollution. The pollutants are chemical,

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biological and physical in nature. The chemical pollutants include gaseous pollutants as well
as hazardous gases like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds and
particulates. Some of other pollutants like toxic metals, pesticides, herbicides and
carcinogens etc. are hazardous pollutants. Heat, sound, radiation, radioactive substances are
physical pollutants and pathogenic organisms and some poisonous and dangerous biological
products are biological pollutants. The time clearly is now to have a look at our technological
capabilities to protect our environment.
Today, biotechnology is being considered as an emerging technology in industrial and
environmental protection. It provides ultimate cleaner technologies which will help to further
reduce the hazardous environmental implications of the traditional technologies.
Biotechnology helps in industrial and environment protection by following actions.
 Controlling environmental pollution through biodegradation, bio transformation,
bioaccumulation of toxic compounds like organics, metals, oil and hydrocarbons, dyes,
detergents etc.
 Production of non-conventional non- polluting energy sources like biodiesel methanol, bio
ethanol, biogas, bio hydrogen etc.
 Agricultural applications of bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides.
 Recovery of resources from toxic or non-toxic wastes through biotechnological approach.
 Pollution monitoring by using Biosensor.
 It reduces the environmental impacts of industrial processes like textile, paper, pulp, and
chemical manufacturing.
 Biotechnology increases the value of the main bodies of manufacturing sectors like IT,
pharmaceutical, chemical, automotive, textile, food, agriculture, etc

KEY POINTS: Biotechnology, Industrial pollutants, Environmental pollutants.

57. Identification of Pre- Existing Adaptive Immunity to CRISPR-Cas9

Proteins in Humans
G.V. Manideep, S. Vinod &A. Roses Hosma
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has proven to be a powerful tool for genome editing,
allowing for the precise modification of specific DNA sequences within a cell. Many efforts
are currently underway to use the CRISPR-Cas9 system for the therapeutic correction of
human genetic diseases. The most widely used homologs of the Cas9 protein are derived

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from the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S.
pyogenes). Based on the fact that these two bacterial species cause infections in the human
population at high frequencies, we looked for the presence of pre-existing adaptive immune
responses to their respective Cas9 homologs, SaCas9 (S. aureus homolog of Cas9) and
SpCas9 (S. pyogenes homolog of Cas9). To determine the presence of anti-Cas9 antibodies,
we probed for the two homologs using human serum and were able to detect antibodies
against both, with 79% of donors staining against SaCas9 and 65% of donors staining against
SpCas9. Upon investigating the presence of antigen-specific T-cells against the two
homologs in human peripheral blood, we found anti-SaCas9 T-cells in 46% of donors. Upon
isolating, expanding, and conducting antigen re-stimulation experiments on several of these
donors’ anti-SaCas9 T-cells, we observed an SaCas9-specific response confirming that these
T-cells were antigen-specific. We were unable to detect antigen specific T-cells against
SpCas9, although the sensitivity of the assay precludes us from concluding that such T-cells
do not exist. Together, this data demonstrates that there are pre-existing humoral and cell-
mediated adaptive immune responses to Cas9 in humans, a factor which must be taken into
account as the CRISPR-Cas9 system moves forward into clinical trials.

KEYWORDS: CRISPR-Cas9; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); Streptococcus pyogenes

(S. pyogenes); T-cells

58. THE PLANT DIVERSITY IN GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE

(A) ANANTHAPURAMU
M. Bheemalingappa, B. Manohar Reddy, R. John Martin and V. Leelavathi
Department of Botany
Govt. Degree College (A), Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh – 515 001.

The term biodiversity was proposed by Norse and Mc Manus in 1980. They coined
this term to include those with genetic diversity and ecological diversity. W.G. Rosen in 1985
used this term to include all variations at all levels as Biodiversity. Rich diversity is generally
found in the tropics compared to polar regions. India has rich and varied heritage of
biodiversity and has different temperature zones and wide varieties of habitats such as
tropical rain forests, temperate forests, sub temperate forests, alpine forests, coastal and
mangrove forests and wet lands. India with its rich diversity of plant and animal wealth has a
prominent place in 12 mega diversity nations of the world. In India 10 Biogeographic
regions, 16 Agroclimatic zones, 25 Biotic provinces, 426 Biomass areas are present. It is also

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interesting to note that out of world’s total biodiversity 12% of biodiversity is found in India
alone.

In the present study we are reported 174 wild and naturalized plant taxa belonging to
42 families. Here Fabaceae is the largest family and Indigofera is the dominant genus in our
collections. The collected specimens are store in the form of herbarium in our department. In
our botanical garden also we have a good number of plants maintained by students, which are
useful for the class work practicals. We are also maintaining a pond ecosystem to study the
morphological and anatomical adaptations of hydrophytes. Since most of the plant materials
used in the regular practical either for taxonomy or for anatomy are available in the garden,
students are able to obtain first hand and all round information. So with these practical skills
students are evincing interest in pursuing plant sciences in their future. We take this
opportunity to share on this platform of our hope and aspiration that our students would
become plant lovers, future biodiversity scientists and biodiversity conservators.
Key words: Biodiversity, endemics, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

59. SPECTROPHOTOMETRICDETERMINATION OF RIBOFLAVIN

IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Mrs M.N. BRINDA, M.Sc., M.Phil.,

LECTURER IN CHEMISTRY,
GOVT COLLEGE(A), ANANTHAPURAMU (DIST), ANDHRA PRADESH.
Email: [email protected]

Introduction : Riboflavin is known as vitamin- B2 widely distributed in nature. It is

mostly found in milk, egg-white, liver, nuts and leafy vegetables. It is an yellow-orange
coloured fluorescent pigment. It is stable in acidic solutions but it is rapidly destroyed by
alkalis at elevated temperatures. Determination of riboflavin in various complex material and
pharmaceutical formulations is essential to rectify its deficiencies and avoid the diseases in
human beings.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of riboflavin

in pharmaceutical samples is reported based on its colour reaction with Ag(I). An intense red
colour is developed between Ag(I) ion and riboflavin in alkaline medium. The colour
intensity is maximum in the PH range 7.5 to 8.5 with a λ max at 395nm. The Molar

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absorptivity of the colored solution at PH-8.0 is measured as 1.15 X 104 lmol-1 cm-1, with a
Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.032 µg/cm2. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1.87
to 29.92 µgml-1. The results of the present studies are treated with statistical methods and the
results indicate the quality of the analytical method developed. The method is found to be
selective as number of diverse ions associated with riboflavin do not interfere in reasonably
large amounts. The proposed method is applied for the determination of riboflavin in altone
and lipabol formulations and the results obtained are in good accuracy.

60. TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES

OF PYRITE FILMS USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
1Y. Munikrishna Reddy, 2T.Lakshmi Narasappa and 3A.Vedavathi
1
Department of Physics, SSBN Degree & PG College, Ananthapuramu-515001.
2
Department of Physics, S.V. Institute of technology, Ananthapuramu-515001.
3
Department of Physics, Sri SathyaSai Institute of Higher Learning, Ananthapuramu.
E Mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

The temperature effect on iron pyrite films was studied by using Raman spectroscopy.
The visual observation made that that all the deposited films between 50 °C and 70 °C were
reddish brown in colour, homogeneous and free from pin holes. Raman measurements were
undertaken investigate the vibrational properties of the pyrite films with the influence of bath
temperature. The microscopic structure, phase and other related parameters were analysed.
The Raman spectra showed at 50 ⁰C had a peak present at 217 cm-1, which corresponds to the
marcasite phase that was explained by XRD studies. As the bath temperature was increased,
the intensity of the Raman peak corresponding to pyrite phase increased, indicating good
improvement in the crystallinity of the films. The ambient Raman spectrum of FeS2 pyrite
agrees well with previously published data.

61. PHYTOCHEMICALS IN UNANI MEDICINE – A REVIEW

Dr. Mohammed Zafar Ali1 Dr. Abdul Saleem2 Dr. Zaibunnisa Begum3
1. PG Scholar, 2. Professor, 3. Associate Professor, PG Dept. of Pharmacology,
Govt. Nizamia Tibbi College, Charminar, Hyderabad, (T.S)
ABSTRACT
Importance of traditional medicine like Unani, Ayurveda increasing now a days, several
chemical constituents isolated and extracted from unani herbs, which plays important role in

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maintaining the human health. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants.
It protects cells from damage that could lead to cancer. Many phytochemicals are strong anti
oxidants and protect cells from oxidation. These phytochemicals are involved in many
metabolic pathway that regulates the body’s function. The phytochemicals derived from
unani herbs are alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils, essential oils, fixed
oils and phenolic compounds, etc. which have different pharmacological actions.

Keywords: Unani Medicine – Phytochemicals – Alkaolids – Glycosides - Herbal drugs

62. THE DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES

IN VISAKHAPATNAM DISRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
Sowghandika, M., P. Amruthalakshmi, N. Veerakumari and V. Leelavahi
Department of Botany, Government College Autonomous
Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh – 515 001.

Bryophytes are good indicators of environmental conditions. Bell and Lodge (1963)
showed that the occurrence of certain aquatic mosses could be correlated with calcium or
nutrient content in the water. Bryophytes indicate the condition of pH and water level in peat
lands by Romanova (1965). Bryophytes are good indicators of soil pH because they receive
most of their water and nutrients from the air. e.g., Atrichum undulatum, Eurhynchium
savatieri, Brachymenium exile etc. in the present study Atrichum undulatum was collected
from Gudem in Visakhapatnam on rocks. Some aquatic mosses like Brachythecium and
Amblystegium cover the stones and soil along the banks of streams. Bryophytes play a very
important role in helping to retain moisture and stabilize dunes e.g., Bryum, Brachythecium,
Torula (Richards, 1963).

Bryophytes are in cold Arctic and Antarctic to the hot deserts of the world and from
sea level to alpine peaks. Some species may be found in a wide variety of habitats while other
have a very restricted range. They growing on soil, rocks and tree trunks. The liverworts are
widespread in the Neotropical rainforests where it is commonly found on bark or living
leaves.

In present paper we are discussing the diversity of bryophytes and key feature of
species that are related to environment. We are recorded 30 taxa of bryophytes belonging to
31 species, 30 genera and 22 families from Visakhapatnam district and they play very
important key role in natural habitats.

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Keywords: Liverworts, Mosses, Diversity, Habitats, Indicators and Environment.

63. Stem cell therapy in treating diseases

B.Sreedevi&B.Nagajyothirmai, Lecturer, Dept of Zoology, Govt College (A),
Ananthapuramu
Stem cell therapy, also known as regenerative medicine, promotes the repair response
of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. It is the next
chapter in organ transplantation and uses cells instead of donor organs, which are limited in
supply. Researchers grow stem cells in a lab. These stem cells are manipulated to specialize
into specific types of cells, such as heart muscle cells, blood cells or nerve cells. The
specialized cells can then be implanted into a person. if the person has heart disease, the cells
could be injected into the heart muscle. The healthy transplanted heart muscle cells could
then contribute to repairing defective heart muscle. Researchers have already shown that
adult bone marrow cells guided to become heart-like cells can repair heart tissue in
people.Stem cells might someday cure or at least help treat:

Spinal cord injury. Human embryonic stem cells help people with acute spinal cord injuries
the paralyzed volunteers can regain some feeling in and control over their lower extremities.
Diabetes. For the many Americans with type 1 diabetes, whose insulin-making pancreatic
cells have been killed off by their immune system. Last year, scientists reported that they had
coaxed human embryonic stem cells into becoming insulin-producing, blood sugar-regulating
cells in diabetic mice.

Parkinson's disease. Stem cells may also help those who suffer from Parkinson's, a
neurodegenerative disorder that can cause tremors, stiffness, and other movement and speech
problems. Studies show that embryonic stem cells can give rise to the dopamine-making
neurons that Parkinson's patients lack.

Alzheimer's disease. Likewise, embryonic stem cells may come in handy against
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive and deadly disorder that degrades and kills brain cells,
leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral problems.

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Arthritis. Also called degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis—the most common form of
arthritis—results when protective cartilage in joints wastes away. Stem cells could change
that. Scientists are examining how best to use them to rebuild lost cartilage and repair shot
joints.

Sickle cell anemia. Stem cell researchers are exploring ways to correct numerous blood
disorders, including sickle cell anemia. Mice have been cured of the sometimes-deadly
condition after receiving transfusions of stem cells made from their own skin cells.

Organ failure. The better way to ease the shortage of organs for transplantation -researchers
grew a beating rat heart in the lab with the help of heart cells from newborn rats, preliminary
proof of the concept
64. AGRICULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
K.Sreenath Yadav, S.Vinod, A.RosesHosma
Government Degree College (Autonomou), Anantapur.

Traditional crossbreeding has been used for centuries to improve crop

quality and quantity. Crossbreeding mates two sexually compatible species to
create a new variety with the desired traits of the parents. For example, the
honeycrisp apple exhibits a specific texture and flavor due to the crossbreeding
of its parents. In traditional practices, pollen from one plant is placed on the
female part of another, which leads to a hybrid that contains genetic information
from both parent plants. Plant breeders select the plants with the traits they're
looking to pass on and continue to breed those plants. Note that crossbreeding
can only be utilized within the same or closely related speciessMutations can
occur randomly in the DNA of any organism. In order to create variety within
crops, scientists can randomly induce mutations withi n plants. Mutagenesis uses
radioactivity to induce random mutations in the hopes of stumbling upon the
desired trait. Scientists can use mutating chemicals such as ethyl
methanesulfonate, or radioactivity to create random mutations within the DNA.
Atomic gardens are used to mutate crops. A radioactive core is located in the
center of a circular garden and raised out of the ground to radiate the
surrounding crops, generating mutations within a certain radius

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65. Fermentation
P.V.Vineeth, V.SaleemBhasha, A.RosesHosma, S.Vinod, Dr N.Srinivasulu.
Government Degree College (Autonomou), Anantapur.

The following experiment examined the effect of various concentrations of ethanol on

therate of fermentation of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The experiment used multiple
fermentation vessels with yeast and glucose solutions and then adding a different
concentration of ethanol, ranging from 5-15% diluted ethanol solution. Once everything was
added to the fermentation vessel, the rate of fermentation was the measured indirectly via the
displacement of the yeast solution (mm/min) in the vessel every five minutes for thirty
minutes. The results of the experiment showed that as the concentration of ethanol increased,
the rate of the displacement of the yeast solution increased. For instance, the average rate of
displacement was for the vessel with 5% ethanol solution was 2.21 (mm/min) while the
vessel with 15% ethanol solution was 0.74(mm/min). Thus these results suggest that an
increased presence of ethanol will cause the rate of fermentation of the yeast, S. cerevisiae, to
decrease.

66. LAC OPERON

K.Amruth1, Vinod1, S.A.Ahmed2, R.Hyder ali2
1. Dept.of Biotechnology, Dept. of English, Government Degree College (Autonomou),.

The Lac Operan developed by geneticist Franco is Jocob and a biochemist Jacque
mond . It is elucidate transacriptionally regulated system. Lac Operon is a polycistronic
gene is regulated by a common promotor and regulatory genes. It is very common bacteria
reffered as operon . Lac operon ,ara Operon etc . It consists of regulatory genes inhabitor
,promotor and three structural genes 2, y & a. ‘I gene’ codes for the repressor. ‘2 gene’ codes
for - galactosidase .The ‘y gene’ codes for permease , ‘a gene’ codes for transacetylase . All
the gene products in Lac operon are used for metabolism of lactose. It is substrate for -
galactosidase is inducer , lactose used for growth medium of the bacteria and transported in
to cells by action of permease . Repressor of the Operon synthesize ‘I gene’. Repressor bind
to operator prevent RNA polymerase. In presence of inducer such as Lactose (or) allolactose
, repressor is inactivated by inducer . This allows RNA polymerase to access promoter and
ranscription proceeds. Glucose or galactose can’t act as inducers . In Lac Operon regulation

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of Lac Operon by repressor is referred to as negative regulation . Lac Operon is under the
control of positive regulation is well.

67. IMPORTANCE OF GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY

B.Anusha1and B.NandaKumari2
1
Lecturer in botony, B.T.College, Madanapalli, Chittoor(dist)
2
Lecturer in botony, B.T.College, Madanapalli, Chittoor(dist)

Green biotechnology is a biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example

is the designing of an organism to grow under specific environmental conditions or in the
presence of certain agricultural chemicals. Green biotechnology deals with the use of
environmentally-friendly solutions as an alternate to ancient agriculture, gardening, and
animal breeding processes. Associate in Nursing example is that the coming up with of
transgenic plants that area unit changed for improved for accrued resistance to pests and
diseases, or for increased growth in adverse climatic conditions. That is often acknowledged
plant biotechnology that is applied to agricultural processes manufacture additional
environmentally friendly solutions different to ancient industrial agriculture. Green
technology is a clean or environmental friendly technology which has achievements to
produce different systems, products or equipment that could help to preserve natural
environment. Developmant of renewable energy sources, recycling and agro- technological
improvement are some examples of green technology. Fossil fuels are widely used for
vehicle fuel production and to power the industries and machines. As fossil fuels are non-
renewable sources of energy, burning of fossil fuels are increases the atmospheric CO 2 level
and enhance green house effect, thus contributing to the global warming phenomena which
accelerates polar ice melting and subsequent climate changes that are effecting the living
creatures on the earth.

Key words:Green biotechnology, Agricultural process, Animal breeding process, Renewable

and Non-renewable sources and Global warming.

68. Applications of Biotechnology in Conservation of Biodiversity

Dr. S.R.K. Neeraia1 and Dr. P. Giridhar2

1,
Lecture in Zoology, SSBN Degree College, Anantapuramu, 515001, AP.
2,
Lecture in Zoology, SVGM Govt Degree College, Kalyandurg, 515761, AP.
Correspondence: [email protected]

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Application of biotechnology to improve the crop plants, medicinal plants, livestock,

and microbes and to get new products from various biological systems is a fast growing
sector. This sector is expected to contribute up to 50% of the world economy in near future.
The chief and critical raw material for biotechnology is the diversified living world which
constitutes the biodiversity. There is a Relationship between Biotechnology and Biodiversity
are as follows. Biotechnology or Molecular Biology provides very powerful tools for critical
assessment of biodiversity, especially genetic diversity, and consequently the identification of
potential bio-resources. It gives newer methods and guidelines for conservation of
biodiversity. It enhances the wise and efficient utilization of bio-resources, both as a genetic
resource for production and in the remediation of altered/degraded ecosystems.

The increased applications of biotechnology to biodiversity has greatly enhanced the

value and availability of bio resources and products for mankind. This is particularly true
with reference to increased availability food, feed and other renewable raw materials,
improved human health and hygiene, greater protection of the environment and enhancement
of bio safety and environment-friendly technologies. When the population is exponentially
increasing and biodiversity is being depleted due to man-made environmental degradation.
Biotechnology should come to the rescue of mankind by providing greater and efficient
means of utilizing the available biodiversity. If a country attains the capacity to manage its
genetic resources, it will automatically enable it to produce novel products from its own
biodiversity.

Keywords: Biotechnology, Applications, Biodiversity, Bioresources, Conservation.

69. DNA computers

K.Kumar reddy (class:2nd Bt.M.C), SSBN Degree and PG college , Anantapur
E-mailid :[email protected]
DNA is a computer program but for, far more Advanced than any software ever created
-BILL GATES

DNA- All organisms on this planet are made of the same type of genetic blue print .within
the cells of any organisms is a substance called DNA which is double -stranded helix of
nucleotides .DNA carries the genetic information of a cell .this information is the code used

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within the cells to form proteins and is the building block upon which life is formed.strands
of DNA are long polymers ofd millions of linked nucleotides.

DNA –COMPUTERS :

A DNA computer, as the name implies uses DNA strands to store information and use the
recombinative properties of DNA to perform operations . a small test tube of DNA strands
suspended in a solution could yeild millions to billions of simultaneous interactions at speeds.
Parallel processing rather than linear processing.

PRINCIPLES OF DNA –COMPUTER :

With a DNA computer , a sequence of its four basic nucleotides –adinosine, cytosine,
guanine, and thymine is used to represent and store data on a strand of DNA.instead of using
electronic impulses to represent bits of information, the DNA computer uses the chemical
properties of these molecules by examining the patterns of combination or growth of the
molecules or strings . DNA can do this through the use of enzyme, which are biological
catalysts that could be called the “software”, used to excute the desired calculation.basic
operations on DNA; ligating,marking,unmarking.

ORIGIN OF DNA-COMPUTING :

Firstly leonard adleman proposed that the makeup of DNA and its features of combining
nucleotides could have application in computational research techniques.Adelman came to
know that DNA has potential to slove complex mathematical problems, he solved TSP
problem to find the route when the los angeles and new york using DNA computers .
Advantages of DNA Computers:

 Perform millions of operations simultaneously

 Capable of storing billions of times more data
 They are in expensive to build
 Made from common biological materials
 DNA COMPUTERS are smaller than any computers

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70. Application of stem cell theraphy in spinal cord injuries

M. NEELOFAR

2ND Bt.M.C
SSBN DEGREE AND PG COLLEGE College: E-mail id: [email protected]

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Adult mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells isolated from bone marrow and
have the capacity to differentiate into various cell types such as Chondrocytes, Adipocytes,
Osteocytes and cardiomyocytes. The prime function of these bone marrow stem cells in adult
tissue is to repair and regenerate the tissues that have been damaged .stem cells find its major
application in the treatment of spinal cord injury, cardiac disorder and in diseases

Stem cells were isolated from bone marrow using FACS(fluorescence –activated cell sorter)
which implies specific markers such as CD34+, CD45+and CD133+.these isolated cells were
rejuvenated, concentrated and then injected into the patient intrathecally by lumbar puncture.
The patients were then monitored for improvements by neurological tests such as SSEP
(somato sensory evoked potential) and urodynamic study. The thus obtained data were
analyzed based on the following parameters :a) Age of the patient b)Level of injury
c)Duration of injury from the above analysis, it was inferred that younger patients showed
better improvements. Similarly, patients with lowered level, fresh injuries showed better
progression.

Stem cells have the potential to develop into mature cells that have characterized shapes and
specialized functions, such as heart cells, skin cells, or nerve cells.

Stem cells are smart cells of the human body. They normally present in the bone marrow,
with small quantities in the blood, crown of teeth eye. They also move towards the injured
areas of the body. They are a great value in the regeneration of damaged organs. The stem
cells that are harvested from the bone marrow or by drawing patients own blood and hence
known as Autologus. They have capacity to change themselves into any type of body tissues
like bone, heart muscles, nerve tissues, liver cells, blood vessels, etc. this property is known
as pluriopotency or plasticity.

Types of stem cells:

 Adult stem, which are found in adult tissues

 Embryonic stem cells , derived from Blastocytes
 Cord blood stem cells present in umbilical cord

Conclusion:

The study was carried out on spinal cord injured patients, who underwent autologus stem cell
theraphy adult stem cells were isolated from bone marrow using Ficoll paque method and

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lyse wash methods. A layer of mononuclear cells were obtained these separated MNC were
sorted in FACS using CD34 and CD45 as a marker. As a result of this process , A rich
population of adult stem cells were obtained which was injected back to patient through
lumbar punter .this shown great promise in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

71. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE GROWTH OF

BIOTECHNOLOGY
†B.Mallikarjuna& *M.Pragathi
†
III B.Sc.,(MPC), *Lecturer in Chemistry,
SVGM Govt. Degree College, Kalyandurg
E-mail: [email protected]
Advanced biotechnology is inevitably connected to analytical chemistry. Not only to verify
the identities and purities of the products of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, but it is
also essential to be able to detect and quantify these substances, their decomposition
products, and their metabolites at trace concentrations. Analytical chemistry has significant
contribution towards the growth of biotechnology. In this article an attempt has been made to
list the contributions of common analytical techniques used in understanding the structures of
bio molecules and bio chemical processes. pH Meter is utmost important as Most biological
entities require a neutral pH for survival. NMR has assisted developments in biomedicine by
studies on tissues or cells, diagnosis of disease and studies on extracts of cultured cells.
Applications of UV-VIS spectroscopy in biochemical research relates mainly to analysis of
proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids and oligonucleotides. Spectroscopy is also useful for
enzymatic activity studies. FT-IR can diagnose as well as differentiate between different
levels of malignancy of cells. Atomic absorption spectroscopy provides simple estimation of
trace metals in biological matrices such as blood, hair, tissue, urine, etc. Polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) helps amplification of DNA fragments several million folds and has extensive
application in genetic analysis through DNA fingerprinting and medical tests. Gel
electrophoresis is used to separate DNA, RNA and proteins and their fragments by
application of a potential difference across a gel.

72. PHYTO CHEMICAL SCREENING OF SOME WEED SPECIES OF

PRODDATUR, KADAPA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
S. Prakash Rao1, Dr. P. Suresh1, J. Venkatalakshmi1 ,

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P. Suguna2 D. Vasubabu2
1. Department of Chemistry, SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra
Pradesh.
2. Department of Botany, SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa District, Andhra
Pradesh.

ABSTRACT

Weeds are unwanted plants with high growthrate, but usefullphyto Chemical
Constituents present in weeds. These phyto Chemical were used to improve the health status
of humans. Weeds are the richest resource of drugs and useful for various biological activity.
The present preliminary investigation includes the Phyto chemical screening of some
abundantly available weed species from the crop fields of Proddatur area, Kadapa District.
Phyto chemical test were carried out specially for screening secondary metabolites from the
selected weed plants 25 weed species belonging 20 different families were analyzed for
different phyto chemicals like alkaloids, steroids, phenols, Tannins, Saponins,
anthroquinones, Terpenoides, flavonoids and glycosides.

Key Words: - Preliminary phyto chemical analysis, weeds, Proddatur, Kadapa District.

73. NANOBOTS: THE ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

A.Prathyusha
class: 2ndBt.M.C
College: SSBN degree and PG College
E-mail id: [email protected]

Every doctor has dream to have readily available blood for their patients.

Artificial blood seems like a good alternative but it’s true, red blood cells can be produced in the Lab.
Nanobots –nanobots could be define as controllable nanoscale machine composed of a sensor and a
motor, capable by performing special tasks. These are not comparable to a drone, instead are more
similar to a complex piece of fabric. Introduction- artificial blood are solution intended to replace
transfusion of banked red blood cells the term artificial blood is not accurate since human blood
perform many functions efforts to produce artificial blood started over a century ago…the artificial
blood products can:

First generation product- polymerized Hb, intra molecular cross link Hbperfluoro carbon emulsions
and lipid vesicles encapsulated Hb. Second generation product- sangartshemospan use in clinical
trials. This technology was reviewed by nanobots.

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This great invention was invented by British reasearchers DARPA teamed up with a company called
artercocyte to research methods for manufacturing without an actual donor on hand .they produced
red blood cells. TECHINICAL FEATURES: depend on type of artificial blood; it can produce in
different ways using synthetic production, chemical isolation they are 5 cycles for development of
artificial blood:

1st cycle-development of balanced salt solution

2nd cycle- recognition of colloid osmotic activity
3rd cycle-haemoglobin based oxygen carriers
4th cycle- perfluoro carbon oxygen carriers
5TH cycle- platelet subtitles

Nanobots properties: nanobots can be produced using organic materials such as proteins and poly
nucleotides or inorganic molecules such as metals. The surface proteins of nanobots are key factor to
define solubility and interactions with other macro molecules.

Conclusion:

Artificial blood may be useful in areas where there is shortage in blood supply or safe blood is scarce
asin south Africa, where 40 \ of population has HIV \AIDS thus disease free blood for blood
transfusion is difficult artificial blood may beneficial in battle field and scenarots it is often
impossible to rapid blood transfusion.

74. Biodiversity Trends and Causes of Biodiversity Loss

Dr. P. Ravi Sekhar and Dr. Y. Savithri

Department of Zoology, Govt. college for Men(A), Kadapa.

Email: [email protected]

Biodiversity is the biological diversity which includes the variety of the whole species present on earth. It includes
different animals, plants, micro-organisms and their genes, water ecosystems, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems in which
they all are present. Biodiversity is necessary for our existence as well as valuable in its own right. This is because it
provides the fundamental building blocks for the many goods and services which provides a healthy environment to lead our
life. Biodiversity include fundamental things to our health like fresh water clean air and food products, as well as the many
other products such as timber and fiber. Biodiversity also includes various other important things and services such as
cultural, recreational, and spiritual nourishment that play an important role in maintaining our personal life as well as social

life. Biological diversity is the result of the long and ongoing history of evolution on Earth.
The dramatic biodiversity losses that have occurred over the course of time, and especially
since the middle of the last century, have put many wild animals and natural ecosystems
under severe threat, either in terms of their existence or their ability to function. This in turn

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poses a risk as regards sustainable use of ecosystem services by humankind. Key factors
involved in biodiversity loss include the destruction of habitats, a drop in quality and the
effects of climate change. Intensification of agriculture, forestry and fishing practices and, to
a lesser extent, abandonment of former extensive management practices can all contribute to
biodiversity loss. This is a slow and creeping trend which in some ways is intensified by both
targeted and unintentional introduction of species from other regions and countries as a
consequence of growing international trade and travel.
Key words: Biodiversity loss, threats, management practices.

75. BIOTECHNOLOGY – AS A PROMISING TOOL FOR

ANTI DIABETIC THERAPHY
DR.Ch.M.KumariChitturi and J.Venkata Lakshmi

Department of Applied Microbiology, Sri PadmavatiMahilaViswavidyalayam, Tirupati.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is the result of

elevated blood glucose levels. International Diabetes Federation estimates that there are
approximately 422 million individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) in world. The
World Health Organization expects by 2030 this number would reach to 600 million.

Anti Diabetic therapy is transformed by using Biotechnology in many ways.We have

three broad areas in which diabetes is being tackled in Biotechnology: new analogs for
insulin and insulin-stimulating hormones, improved delivery and monitoring of existing
therapies, and lastly, cell therapy. One of the biggest hits in type 2 diabetes treatment
is glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists, which induce insulin production in beta-
pancreatic cells while suppressing the secretion of glucagon. Biotechnologists are working
on a drug with the potential to simultaneously control sugar levels and reduce blood pressure.

Nano biotechnology emerged as a effective tool in diabetes treatment that can be

used to overcome the problems associated with the present therapeutic approaches. Glucose
Sensing Technology, Oral Insulin Delivery and Imaging technology are the latest
advancements in diabetes treatment.

Biotechnology has played a dynamic role in improving the challenges regarding to

human health, life quality and expectancy of life. They have been increased worldwide
through the services provided by biotechnology.

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Key Words: Chronic, Pancreatic cells, Insulin, Imaging, Nano Biotechnology.

76. AMPLIFICATION OF GENE OF INTEREST USNG PCR

K. Santhi & Vinod

PCR stands for polymerse chain reaction. In this reaction multiple copies of the gene of
interest are synthesized in vitro using two sets of primero. Oligonucletidesthat are
complementary to the regions of DNA and the enzyme DNA polymerse. Using the
nucleolides provided in the reaction and the genomic DNA as template .The segment of DNA
can be amplified to approximately billion times. One billion copies are made repeated
amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostableDNA .Polymerse such as tag
polymerse. Isolated from a bactirum, thermos aquaticus. Which remain active even during the
high temperature include denaturation of double standard DNA. The amplified fragment, if
desired can nano be used to ligate with a vector for further cloning. DNA finger print is the
pattern .DNA finger print is the pattern of DNA fragments on the gel gene amplification is
one technique for DNA finger printing.

77. Prospects of Cultivation of Medicinal Plants in India

Dr. K.V. Chamundeswaramma, B.Prabhavathi
Dept. of Zoology, Government College, Anantapuram -515002, A.P., India.

Plants are one of the most important sources of medicine and the application of plants
in health care perhaps dates back to prehistoric period. Medicinal plants have curative powers
and are used in preparing medicine because of their healing properties as a result of
containing useful chemical compounds. Indian medicinal plants are regularly used in various
system of medicine because of minimal side effect and cost effectiveness is also gaining
popularity world over. India ranks foremost after South Korea in supply of medicinal plants
to the industrial world, where the demand is on the increase. Medicinal plant research
institutions all over the country have collected medicinal plants for conservation on their
farm; commercialization is not their area of priority. Very few plants have gone under
cultivation on private lands. There is need to create awareness for medicinal plants by
conducting training, workshops, seminars on the importance of medicinal plants
conservation, identification techniques, processing and storage, usefulness to cure common
ailments etc. Further pharmaceutical companies can provide service in the area of

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technology, training and marketing. Promotion of medicinal plants needs sustained and co-
ordinate efforts from everyone concerned.

78. Bioplastics–Boon to Environment

Dr.K. Sreedhar, Lecturer in Economics,
Govt. College (A), Anantapur

Polymers are not the new materials, those are there from the existence of life on the earth.
Synthetic polymers are becoming burden and creating problems to both the life on the earth and
environment. In this context concept of bioplastics is of considerable interest with respect to solid
waste accumulation. Greater efforts have been made in developing degradable biological materials
without any environmental pollution to replace oil-based traditional plastics. In recent years,
bioplastics are becoming increasingly prominent owing mainly to scarcity of oil, increase in the cost
of petroleum-based commodities, and growing environmental concerns with the dumping of non-
biodegradable plastics in landfills. It’s high time, needful now to protect natural environment and
depend the minimum on non renewable resources. In this context, Synthetic plastics stand in the top-
occupying the major non-recyclable, non biodegradable material on the planet. Many polymers in
nature can meet these demands, research in this regard with the target to replace the petroleum
plastics with natural, biodegradable, recyclable plastics. Of all, family of PHA has gained attention
with its characteristic features and competitive as that of synthetic plastics. This short review focuses
on few process parameters, use of better and cheap substrate possible, challenges in process
development for commercialization of bioplastic production.

Key words: Polymers, Bioplastics, environmental importance.

79.BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLANT

NATURAL PRODUCTS
M.T.Jyotsna, Lecturer in Telugu, Government College(A), ANANTAPURAMU.

Humans have used plants for nutrition and as commodity throughout and beyond
recorded history. Not only do plants efficiently convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water
into basic nutrients and biochemical building blocks. A chemical substance produced by a
living organism, commonly used for small molecules. A term commonly used in reference to
chemical substances found in nature that have distinctive pharmacological effects, such a
substance is considered a natural product even if it can be prepared by total synthesis.
Throughout history nature has inspired humans and served as a source for medicines. In our
society, the relation between medicines and natural products is often not visible. The use of

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natural products is alternative medicine or homeopathy. A large fraction of the world

population still depends on medicines directly derived from natural sources. In many cultures
traditional health care is accepted next to modern health care. Plant natural products (PNPs)
are unique in that they represent a vast array of different structural features, ranging from
relatively simple molecules to very complex ones. Given the fact that many plant secondary
metabolites exhibit profound biological activity, they are frequently used as fragrances and
flavors, medicines, as well as industrial chemicals. As the intricate structures of PNPs often
cannot be mimicked by chemical synthesis, the original plant providers constitute the sole
source for their industrial, large‐scale production. However, sufficient supply is not
guaranteed for all molecules of interest, making the development of alternative production
systems a priority. Modern techniques, such as genome mining and thorough biochemical
analysis, have helped us gain preliminary understanding of the enzymatic formation of the
valuable ingredients inplant. Herein, we review recent advances in the application of
biocatalysis processes, facilitating generation of complex PNPs through utilization of
plant‐derived specific enzymes and combinatorial biochemistry. We further evaluate the
options of employing heterogonous organisms harboring PNP biosynthetic pathways for the
production of secondary metabolites of interest.

Keywords: Biocatalysts, Plant Natural Products, Production Hosts.

80. Environmental Biotechnology - an urge to environment

D.Pulsingh, Lecturer in chemistry, Government college (Autonomous), Ananthapuramu.

Environmental biotechnology as the development, use and regulation of biological systems

for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air, water) and for environment friendly
processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development). It is described as
the optimal use of nature, in the form of plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae to produce
renewable energy, food and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making
processes where the waste of each process becomes the feed stock for another process.

An environment in which pollution of a particular type is maximum. Let us consider the case
of oil spills in the ocean which require clean up , microbes isolated from oil rich
environments like oil wells, pipelines having potential to degrade oil. Thus they serve as a
remedy to oil spills.

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Another case is that, microbes isolated from pesticide rich soils and these
microbes would be capable of utilizing the pesticides as energy sources and hence when
mixed along with bio-fertilizers would serve an excellent insurance against increased
pesticide-toxicity levels in agriculture. But on the other hand whether these newly
introduced micro organisms would create an imbalance in the environment concerned. The
mutual harmony in which the organisms in that particular environment existed may have to
face alteration and we should be careful so as to not disturb the mutual relationships already
existing in the environment of both the benefits and the disadvantages would pave way for an
improvised version of environmental biotechnology. It is the environment that we strive to
protect.

81. BioautographyA Novel Evaluation Method For Antimicrobial Activity

Of Crude Extracts From Medicinal Plant MurrayaKoenigii
Dr.C. Madhavi, Lecturer in Microbiology, Govt.College (A), Ananthapuramu

Present study was designed to check in bioactivity of extracts of medicinal

plantMurrayaKoenigiiagainst selected bacterial and fungal strains. For this Chloroform,
butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of the plant were used for antimicrobial
screening. Antibacterial activity was tested against four pathogenic bacterial strains i.e.
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus
while antifungal activity was tested against four fungal strains i.e. Aspergillusflavus,
Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusfumigatus and Fusariumsolani. Chloroform, butanol and ethyl
acetate extracts ofMurrayaKoenigiishowed high inhibitory activities (between 15-20 mm)
against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and S. aureus. However, all extracts of plant
showed inhibitory activities (12-14 mm) against Salmonella typhi. As antifungal activities,
the n-Hexane and chloroform extracts of MurrayaKoenigiihave completely inhibited the
growth of Aspergillusflavus and Fusariunsolani, respectively. Ethyl acetate and butanol
extract of MurrayaKoenigiicompletely inhibited Fusariumsolani and Aspergillusfumigatus,
respectively. The n-hexane extract of MurrayaKoenigiicompletely inhibited Fusariumsolani,
while its ethyl acetate extract shows excellent activity against Aspergillusniger. The most
active extracts (inhibition diameterr12mm) were assayed for the minimum inhibitory concentration
and submitted to phytochemical screening by bioautography. These findings provide scientific
evidence of traditional use of medicinal plant MurrayaKoenigiiand also indicate the potential
of these plants for the development of antimicrobial agents.

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Keywords: MurrayaKoenigii , extracts of plant, medicinal plants, antimicrobial activity, and

bioautography.

82. Chemical Sciences and Analytical Methods

R. S. Gousia begum, Guest Lecturer (Chemistry)
Govt.College (A), Ananthapuramu.

Chemicalscience - thescience of matter;thebranch of

thenaturalsciencesdealingwiththecomposition of substancesandtheirpropertiesandreactions

Analytical Method/ technique. An analytical technique is a method that is used to determine

the concentration of a chemical compound or chemical element. There are a wide variety of
techniques used for analysis, from simple weighing (gravimetric analysis) to titrations
(titrimetric) to very advanced techniques using highly specialized.

The definition of analytical chemistry is examining materials by separating them into

their components and identifying each one and how much there is of each one. Using mass
spectrometry to measure charged particles to determine the composition of a substance is an
example of analytical-chemistry.

Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods used to separate,
identify, and quantify matter.[1] In practice, separation, identification or quantification may
constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates
analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantitative analysis determines the
numerical amount or concentration.

Analytical chemistry consists of classical, wet chemical methods and modern,

instrumental methods.[2] Classical qualitative methods use separations such as precipitation,
extraction, and distillation. Identification may be based on differences in color, odor, melting
point, boiling point, radioactivity or reactivity. Classical quantitative analysis uses mass or
volume changes to quantify amount. Instrumental methods may be used to separate samples
using chromatography, electrophoresis or field flow fractionation. Then qualitative and
quantitative analysis can be performed, often with the same instrument and may use light
interaction, heat interaction, electric fields or magnetic fields. Often the same instrument can
separate, identify and quantify an analyte.

83. Effect of water stress on antioxidative enzymesin groundnut (Arachis

hypogaea L.) cultivars to drought stress

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K.V. MADHUSUDHAN1*, C. SUDHAKAR 2

1
Government College for Men, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Department of Botany, S.K.University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Faced with scarcity of water resources, drought is the single most critical threat to
world food security. Variation of antioxidative potentials in terms of the activities of
antioxidative enzymes which include superoxide dismutase (SOD: EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase
(POX: 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT: 1.11.1.6), along with lipid peroxidation and cell membrane
stability in the leaves of eight high yielding groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars
namely K-1, K-2, K-3, K-134, K-4, J-11, JL-24, TMV-2 submitted to different soil moisture
regimes during the vegetative phase to determine the difference in their sensitivities to
drought. Drought stress resulted a significant increase in antioxidative enzymes in eight
cultivars of groundnut and the degree of elevation was found to be dependent on severity of
stress. The accumulation level of antioxidative enzymes were increased significantly in all
cultivars with increasing in stress severity when compared to their controls. A close
correlation exits between the rate of lipid peroxidation in terms of malonaldehyde (MDA)
content and the activities of antioxidative enzymes per gram fresh weight with drought
tolerance of the studied cultivars. However the percent increase of antioxidative enzymes was
higher in cv. K-134 and lower in cv. JL-24 and other cultivars studied. The present study
indicated that cv. K-134 is more tolerant and cv. JL-24 was found to be more sensitive to
drought stress based on the accumulation of antioxidative enzymes. The antioxidants
accumulation in relation to the drought tolerance of these cultivars has been discussed.
Key words: Groundnut; Antioxidant defense,
84. Natural Product - A Chemical Compound
Smt, T.V.Usha Rani, SmtS.Adilakshmi

1. Lecturer in Chemistry, Govt. College (Autonomous),Ananthapuramu

2. Lecturer in Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Kadiri ,Ananthapuramu District

A natural Product is a chemical compound produced by a living organism

found in nature. It can also be prepared by chemical synthesis and have played a central role
in the development of the field of Organic Chemistry by providing challenging synthetic
targets. The term natural product has been extended for commercial purposes to refer to
cosmetics dietary supplements and food produced from natural sources without adding

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artificial ingredients. Natural products may be extracted from the cells, tissues and secretions
of micro organisms plants and animals.

Within the field of organic chemistry the definition of natural products is

usually restricted to mean purified Organic compounds isolated from natural sources that are
produced by the path ways of Primary or Secondary metobolism. Natural products are
classified into two major classes.The Primary and Secondary metobolites. Primary
metobolites are an intrinsic function that is essential to the survival of the organism. Primary
metobolites are components of basic metabolic pathways that are required for life. They
include corbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids and nucleic acids which are the basic building
blocks of life.

Primary metobolites involved with energy production include respiratory and

photo synthetic enzymes, which in turn composed of aminoacids. The basic structure of cell
and of organisms are also composed of primary metobolites. These include cell membranes
(eg. phospholipids), cell wall (eg.peptidoglycan,chitin) and cyto skeletons (proteins). Primary
metobolite enzymatic cofactors include members of the vitamin B family. DNA and RNA
which store and transmit genetic information are composed of neuclic acid primary
metobolites.

Secondary metobolites includes alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, poly ketides and

terpenoids used in biosynthesis.

85. Production of Biodiesel from Algae

B.K.Harika, S.Vinod ,A.RosesHosma,
Algae requires water,air,sunlight to reproduce. Algae removes co2 from air during
photosynthesis making algalfuels “net zero” on carbon emissions. Algae can be farmed easily
and do not require land resources. Algae has three major component:
Carbohydrates,protiens,lipids.Certain strains can double in size in as little as 24hours.Certain
strains of algae are 70% rich in lipid content, necessary for the production of biofuel.
Nannochloropsisoculatafor its high lipid content generally used for the production of
biodiesel.Algal culture can be grown in a plastic water bottle left in the sunlight during day
time hours. Fish nitrates are a good fertilizer to encourage growth. The culture can then be
filtered out of the water and dried. The dried biomass which is ready to press oil, is packed
tightly into a garlic press, folding the biomass in on itself and pressing out the oil to be

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collected. The requirements for the production of one litre of biodiesel are: 1 litre pressed
Algal oil, 200ml Methyl alcohol(HEET),5grams sodium hydroxide(lye).Sodium hydroxide
which acts as catalyst is mixed with Methyl Alcohol and 1litre of pressed algae oil is added to
it. The reaction takes place and the products like biodiesel, glycerineetc.., are obtained.
Biodiesel is renewable and 2x times more lubricity than that of commercial diesel fuel.

Key words:Nannocholorsisoculata,Algal oil, Methyl Alcohol, Sodium Hydroxide

86. Simple & Rapid Methods for Identification of Adulterants in Food

products
Harika.S, Chandana.B, VijayaJyothi.M, NareshBabu.C

Raghavendra Institute Of Pharmaceutical Education &Research,K.R.Palli cross,

Chiyyedu(post),Anantapur (Dist)-515721

Adulteration of food is addition of unwanted substance to a food product either

intentionally or unintentionally. Now a days intentional adulteration has become most
common in order to improve its appearance, economic purpose like costly substance (food
raw material) is replaced by cheaper raw material. Example muster seeds are replaced with
Argemone seeds. Argemone causes oedema of extremities. Lead chromate is used as
adulterant in turmeric powder which causes anaemia, paralysis etc.These are generally used
to improve the colour of the substances.Metanil yellow is an artificial colour used in
Turmeric powder may cause cancer.

Adulteration disables us to get the real nutrients of the quality food products. Even
though Food Drug administration has framed the Food Adulteration Act 1954 to practice
and control the adulteration, some local food & condiments suppliers & vendors adulterate
the food. So everyone must know about simple methods to detect adulterants. Here author
will explain & demonstrate some simple tests which can be done at home /labs to identify the
quality of food products.

Key words: Food adulteration, Food adulteration Act, Toxicity, Chemical tests.

87. Role of Computers in Life Sciences

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N. ERSHAD HUSSAIN
Lecturer in Computers SKLNS AmrutavalliMahila Degree Kalasala
Kadiri-515591 Anantapuram Dist. A.P
.
The beginnings of computational biology essentially date to the origins of computer
science. British mathematician and logician Alan Turing, often called the father of
computing, used early computers to implement a model of biological morphogenesis (the
development of pattern and form in living organisms) in the early 1950s, shortly before his
death. At about the same time, a computer called MANIAC, built at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory in New Mexico for weapons research, was applied to such purposes as modeling
hypothesized genetic codes. (Pioneering computers had been used even earlier in the 1950s
for numeric calculations in population genetics, but the first instances of authentic
computational modeling in biology were the work by Turing and by the group at Los
Alamos.)the present paper deals with the abvances in computational biology
88. Cloning of Orange Ripening (Orr2) gene in Tomato
(Solanumlycopersicum)

P. John EliaPrashanth, N. Rajesh, C. Jareena Begum and P. Osman Basha*

Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa-516005. A.P., India*
Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]

One of the ultimate goals of agriculture research is to design beneficial phenotypes to

increase yield and quality of the crop plants and it is achieved through plant breeding over
decades. Genetic variability is a very basic asset for crop domestication and improvement, as
well as genetic research. Fruit ripening, shelf life and yield are important traits in tomato and
most of research targeted these traits. Basically, ripening is a complex, genetically
programmed process that gives rise to drastic changes in color, quality and aroma of
fruit.Carotenoids are isoprenoid molecules which are generally present in photosynthetic
tissues. Mutants with altered carotenoid pathway are especially valuable and are particularly
helpful to understand the complete regulatory pathway, which may help to attempts to
increase the levels of carotenoids by conventional plant breeding or genetic manipulation
methods. Orange ripening mutant is characterized and the fruit showed altered fruit ripening
colour with orange pericarp. Ripening-associated pathway and transcription factors genes
including the Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS), Phytoene synthase (PSY),
Phytoenedesaturase (PDS), Lycopene ε cyclase (LCY E), Lycopene β cyclase (LCY B),
Carotenoid isomerise (CRTISO), Never-ripe, ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes were

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screened for mutations. Here we identified 407bp deletion in Carotenoid Isomerase

(CRTISO) gene promoter region compared to wild type Solanumlycopersicum cv.
ArkaVikas. Qualitative Gene expression analysis result analysis showed no mRNA of
CRTISO detected in fruit of Orange ripening mutant here in wild type expression of CRTISO
observed. Detail biochemical and genetic investigation of orange ripening mutant (Orr2) may
provide insight into devising gene-based strategies for enhancing carotenoid accumulation in
tomato fruits.
89. Investigations of Antioxidants and Antimicrobial activities of Fruits
and Vegetables

C.Manjuvani & G.SaiRamalinga Reddy, Department of microbiology

SSBN DEGREE AND PG COLLEGE, ANANTAPURAMU.

Since time immemorial man has been using plant extracts to protect himself against
several diseases and also to improve his health and life-style. No doubt, plants are serving
several purposes whether health, nutrition, beauty or medical. With the development
techniques and recent researches, it has been proved that certain non-nutritive chemicals in
plants such as terpenoids and flavonoids which were earlier thought to be of no importance to
human diet possess antioxidant properties.

Oxidative stress is well known to be involved in the pathogenesis of life style related
diseases including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic disorder. Hence, antioxidant
treatment in these diseases is considered to be an important therapeutic process. Due to
suspected side effects (carcinogenicity) of synthetic antioxidants a search for antioxidants
from natural source like plants is increased for use in foods or medicines. The plant derived
phytochemicals specifically phenols and flavonoids play an important role in human health
and prevention of diseases by their free radical scavenging capacity

“Antioxidants are a type of complex compounds found in our diet that act as a protective
shield of our body against certain disasters enemies (diseases) such as arterial and cardiac
diseases, arthritis, cataracts and also premature ageing along with several chronic diseases”.

Antioxidants from our diet appear to be of great importance in controlling damage by

free radicals. Each nutrient is unique in terms of its structure and antioxidant function, for
example vitamin E is found in vegetable oils, walnuts, peanuts, almonds, seeds, olives,
avocado, wheat, germ, liver, and green leafy vegetables. Vitamin C, is also known as

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ascorbic acid, is a water- soluble vitamin. It is mostly present in citrus fruits (like oranges and
grape fruit), broccoli, leafy green vegetables, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, cantaloupe and
strawberries. Beta-carotene, also water –soluble vitamin, is the most widely studied of the
600 carotenoids identified to date. Common sources of beta- carotene include cantaloupe,
mango, papaya, pumpkin, pepper, spinach, kali, squash sweet potato, and apricot. Selenium is
trace element present in sea food beef, pork, chicken, Brazil nuts, brown rice, and whole
wheat bread.

The antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and
glutathione peroxidase serve as primary line of defense in destroying free radicals.

KEY WORDS:Antioxidants, flavonoids, terpenoids, Vitamin C, superoxide dismutase,

catalase.

90. SWITCHABLE WATER - A GREEN SOLVENT

K.RACHANA(3RD BMC), SRI VENKATESHWARA DEGREE AND PG COLLEGE,
ANATHAPURAMU
[email protected]

Salting out is a standard method for separating water soluble organic compounds from water .
In this method adding , large amount of salt to the aqueous solutions forces the organic compound out
of the aqueous phase. However , the method cannot be considered sustainable because it creates
highly salty water. A greener alternative would be a method that allows reversible salting out .
Aqueous solutions of a diamine in water have essentially zero ionic strength but are converted by
carbondioxide into solutions of high ionic strength . The change is reversible . This work could
definetly help to develop and optimize switchable solvents for many applications such as salting out
organic contaminants , extraction of water soluble compounds , setting of suspensions , breaking of
emulsions , breaking of foams , desalination of seawater by forward osmosis,dewateringh of waste
water by forward osmosis. Alternative for the salitng out process in pharmaceutical applications.In the
adaption of greener solvents over the next 20-30 years will reduce environmental damage from
humanactivities

KEYWORDS: diamine, carbondioxide , emulsion , foams , Osmosis

DID YOU KNOW : “WATER YOU ARE DRINKING RIGHT NOW IS 3 BILLION YEARS
OLD”

91. BIOSIMILARS: A PATH TO GENERIC BIOLOGICS

P.VishnuTeja*, M.Pravallika, C.Santhivardhan,
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research

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K.R.PalliCross, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh.

Gmail:[email protected]
Introduction:
Biosimilar a medicine that is highly similar to an approved biological product. These are highly
similar versions of approved and authorised biological medicines.
They are approved by FDA from 2014 based on the clinical data that shows there is no difference in
safety and efficacy these can significantly help in reducing the cost of treatment. They often allow
relocation of resources to other patient care areas like quality, safety and efficacy.
Biosimilars are created in living cells and require significant expertise & state of art technology in
development and manufacturing
Expanding patient choice: BioSimilars enhance more options for battling challenging diseases like
Cancer, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis, Inflammatory bowel disease.
FDA approved BioSimilars alters the brand based biologicals based on Biologics price competition
&innovations act (BPCIA) thus enabling them to enter into market & compete.
Advantages: Operating profit margin of traditional generic drugs is roughly 20% but depending on
the biosimilar product, profit margins have the potential to be somewhat higher as much as 40%.The
price will decline by approximately 1/3rdof present price.
One of the Indian Pharmaceutical Company Biocon has recently bagged an FDA approval for the
biologic – Transutuzumab, which is used to treat the breast cancer. The current paper would highlight
the scope of Indian Pharmaceutical market to handle the opportunities in Biosimilars.

Keywords: Biosimilars, battling challenging diseases, alternatives to generic medicines, BPCIA.

92. A GREEN MODUS OPERANDI FOR QUANTIFICATION OF

CANAGLIFLOZIN IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY FT-IR
SPECTROSCOPY
D. Rahul Raghav*, M. Vijaya Lakshmi, C. NareshBabu, S. Triveni
RERDS - Centre for Pharmaceutical Research (CPR)
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational & Research (RIPER) - Autonomous
K. R. Palli Cross, Near SK University, Ananthapuramu (Dist.), Andhra Pradesh – 515721.
Email: [email protected]

A very straightforward and green strategy is applied for the method development and
validation of Canagliflozin by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in bulk
& tablet dosage form and the Beer’s concentration range found to be 3-11μg. Canagliflozin is
an orally available inhibitor of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) with anti-
hyperglycemic activity. In this investigation, IR range of Canagliflozin O-H, 3200 - 3500cm-1

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was picked out for the quantification. The correlation coefficient for the prospered method
found to be 0.999 and the method developed is validated for specificity, limit of detection
(LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity of response, precision and accuracy. The
LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.159 μg/ml and 0.483 μg/ml respectively. The % RSD of
Intraday and Interday precision was <2, recovery of Canagliflozin 99.17% to 101.26% was
observed in the range of 70-130%. The Percentage assay of Canagliflozin tablets
(INVOKANA) was found to be 101.30%. This exertion clearly manifests the potential of
transmission FTIR spectroscopy for appraisal of exact quantity of API to supremacy the
finished products quality. Consequently, as contrast to different spectroscopic or
chromatographic methods, expensive chemicals and unsafe solvents totally avoided in this
direct, economical and green perspective. This type of FTIR aptness have a sturdy
prospective to restore classical methods in quality assurance /quality control (QA/QC)
laboratories to ensure the identity, purity, potency, and performance for the analysis of active
contents in pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords: Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Canagliflozin, Beer’s law, Method development,

Validation.

93. CORD BLOOD

G.L.N.Prasad1,2,U.Sivaram2, S. Kiran2
1Dept. of Zoology, D.Raju2Dept of Chemistry, Govt. College (A), Anantapur

Umbilical cord blood is blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached
umbilical cord after child birth.Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells,which
can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic disorders

Cord blood is a sample of blood taken from a newborn babies umbilical cord. It is a rich
source of hematopoietic stem cells,which are precursors to blood cells. As such, they have
been used to treat certain disease of the blood and immune system. Patients with lymphoma,
myelodysplasia and severe a plastic anemia have also been successfully transplanted with
cord blood. Cord blood id collected from the umbilical cord vein attached to the placenta
after the umbilical cord has been detached from the new born Cord blood is collected because
it contains stem cells,including hematopoietic cells, which can be used to treat hematopoietic
and genetic disorders. One unit of cord blood generally lacks stem cells in a quantity
sufficient to treat an adult patient. The placenta is a much better source of stem cells since it

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contains upto ten times more than cord blood. Some placental blood may be returned to the
neonatal circulation if the umbilical cord is not prematurely clamped. According to Eileen K.
Hutton, PhD, and Eman S.Hassan,MBBch,cordclamping should be delayed a minimum of
two minutes to prevent anemia over the first three months of life and enriching iron stores
and ferritin levels for as long as six months. If the umbilical is not clamped, and it is not
during an extended-delayed cord clamping protocol,a physiological postnatal occlusion
occurs upon interaction with cold air, when the internal gelatinous substance, called
Whartons jelly, swells around the umbilical artery and veins.

94. PROBIOTICS
Dr.K.Sivaram1, Dr.M.V. Seshaiah1, P.C. Lakshmikanth2, Dr.M.Simhadri3
1Dept. of Economics, 2Dept of English,3Dept. ofTelugu

Govt. College (A), Anantapur

Probiotics are microorganisms that are believed to provide health benefits when consumed.
The term probiotic is currently used to name ingested microorganisms associated with
benefits for humans and animals. The term came into more commonuse after 1980. The
introduction of the concept is generally attributed to Nobel laureateEly Metchnikoff, who
postulated that yogurt-consuming Bulgarian peasants lived longer lives because of this
custom. He suggested in 1907 that "the dependence of the intestinal microbes on the food
makes it possible to adopt measures to modify the flora in our bodies and to replace the
harmful microbes by useful microbes". It was first used by Lilly and Stillwell in 1965 to
describe the substances produced by one protozoan that stimulated the growth of another. In
fact Probiotics have been with us for as long as people have consumed fermented milk, but
their association with health benefits dates only from the turn of the last century. A
significant expansion of the potential market for Probiotics has led to higher requirements for
scientific substantiation of putative benefits conferred by the microorganisms. The term
Probiotics had many definitions given by different scientists. In 1974, parker used the term to
describe animal feed supplements-organisms and substances that have a beneficial effect on
the host animal by contributing to its microbial balance. However, this general definition was
not so satisfactory because the word substances include chemical supplements such as
antibiotics. Fuller, in 1989, defined the Probiotics as live microbial feed supplements, which
beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Recently in
1991, Hurisin’t Veld andHavenaar widened the definition of Probiotics as a mono- or
mixed cultures of live microorganisms which beneficially affects the host by improving the

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health status of the host by exerting beneficial effects in the mouth or gastro intestinal tract,
in the upper respiratory or in the urinogenital tract. The World Health Organization's (WHO)
2001 definition of Probiotics is "live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate
amounts, confer a health benefit on the host".

95. Stem Cells and Monoclonal Antibodies in Targeting Cancer

D.Vijayalakshmi, 3rd year, BT.Z.C., Sri Sai Degree College, Anantapur
Group of cells involving abnormal cell growth with a potential to spread to other parts
of the body. Most of the cancers arise in tissues that contain a stem cell population such as
gut, breast, prostate, lung and the bone marrow. It is known that cacer results from the
accumulation of mutations in a single target cell. Sometimes, over a period of many years,
several monoclonal antibodies are also now approved for cancer therapy such as rituximas,
an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Such naked antibodies can recruit the body’s immune effector mechanisms to kill cells
expressing the target of the antibody. There are nearly 100 types of cancers are those which
affect bone marrow, blood cells and lymphatic system.
Treatment:-Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, Monoclonal antibodies that are made by
identical immune cells that are all clones of unique parent cells. They have monovalent
affinity by which they bind to same epitope. They are two types - Polygonal antibodies
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies. Use of these monoclonal antibodies has become an
important tool in medicinal field, biochemistry, and molecular biology. When they are used
as medicine, non-proprietary drug names end with Mab. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells
that are able to differentiate into specialized cells that are derived from an early stage of
human embryo (Embryonic stem cells) and cells that exist throughout the body after
embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissue (Adult stem cells).
Stem cell therapy-Autologous BMT, Allogenic BMT, Umblical cord transplantation.

Key words:-Cancer, Monoclonal antibody, Stem cells, Treatment.

96.Biotechnology - Intellectual Property Rights

Dr.K.V.Chamundeswaramma Lecturer in Zoology, Govt College (Autonomous) Anantapur
B.Hima Bindhu, Lecturer in Bio-Chemistry, Govt College (Autonomous) Anantapur

Biotechnology intellectual property rights are the legal ownership of an interest in a

patent, trademark or trade secret. This means that another company cannot use those assets
without permission of the company established as the official owner. In health care,

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intellectual property rights give their owners exclusive use of pharmaceuticals, brand names
and more. Intellectual property rights are often the primary driver of value for these
companies, particularly in biotech. Biotechnology intellectual property rights provide health
care companies with a means to protect their claim to and ownership of these assets through
common law, state law or federal law. There is some controversy over intellectual property
rights in biotechnology. Those in favour argue that they provide a key incentive for
developers to innovate, because these protections will allow them to be financially rewarded
for successful innovations. Those opposed to the strict enforcement of these protections argue
that broader sharing of information would reduce prices and increase access to care,
especially in developing countries.

Intellectual property rights—biotechnology examples

Here is one example of how intellectual property rights work in the health care
industry. Federal protection allows companies to use the ® symbol with a trade name to
indicate that it has a registered trademark and that no one else can use that name. More than
one company may sell the same chemical compound, which means the same drug, but only
one company can legally use the trademarked name to market that drug. For example, while
many companies sell the antidepressant drug fluoxetine hydrochloride, only Eli Lilly can call
it Prozac. Likewise, only Roche can use the trademarked name Tamiflu to market a drug
called Oseltamivir that is designed to prevent and treat influenza. Trademarks aren’t just used
with drugs, however; they’re also used with hospital names, physician practice names and
other entities with distinct branding. This is of major importance to companies in this
business environment, where branding, marketing and images are central components of
business operations and strategic positioning. As another example, biotechnology companies
use patents to protect their intellectual property rights to drug delivery devices. AstraZeneca
owns the intellectual property rights to the Symbicort Turbuhaler, which is the drug
budesonide/formoterol in a dry powder inhaler for the maintenance treatment of asthma and
COPD. Other health care companies use patents to protect their intellectual property rights to
devices such as splints, prostheses, vision testing machines and the computer systems used in
health care management.

97. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN HEALTH

Dr.K.LakshmiPrameela, Lecturer in Chemistry

Y.A.Government Degree College for Women, Chirala, Dt.Prakasam-A.P

In medicine, modern biotechnology has many applications in areas such as pharmaceutical

drug discoveries and production, pharmacogenomics, and genetic testing (or genetic
screening). Pharmacogenomics (a combination of pharmacology and genomics) is the
technology that analyses how genetic makeup affects an individual&#39;s response to drugs.

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It deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug responses in patients by correlating
gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug&#39;s efficacy or toxicity.
By doing so, pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy,
with respect to the patients&#39; genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal
adverse effects. Such approaches promise the advent of &quot;personalizedmedicine&quot;;
in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual&#39;s unique
genetic makeup. Biotechnology contributes much towards the growing public and global
health needs. It has revolutionized mankind since its existence. It provides effective
diagnostics, prevention and treatment measures including production of novel drugs and
recombinant vaccines. It gives effective drug delivery approaches, new methods for
therapeutics, nutritionally enriched genetically modified crops and efficient methods for
environmental cleanup. Health, life quality and expectancy of life have been increased
worldwide through the services provided by biotechnology. Parasitic and infectious diseases
like Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis (TB) have been
diagnosed rapidly at relatively low cost. Molecular diagnostic tools including polymerase
chain reaction (PCR), recombinant antigens and monoclonal antibodies have been used for
this purpose. Biotechnology has offered modern diagnostic test kits, rickettsial, bacterial and
viral vaccines along with radiolabelled biological therapeutics for imaging and analysis.
Vaccines have eliminated small pox, polio and other deadly diseases for the last hundred
years. Biotechnology has made advancements in vaccination by making recombinant
vaccines that have the potential to eradicate non-communicable diseases like cancer. Naked
DNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines and plant-derived vaccines are found to be most
effective against a number of bacterial and viral disorders.

98. BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICIES IN INDIA- A CRTICAL VIEW

Dr.T.S.Shyam Prasad1 & P.Somasekhar2

Lecturer in Pol.Science1, Lecturer in Hindi2
Government College (Autonomous),
Anantapur-515 001.

Biotechnology today plays a key role in virtually all areas of pharmaceutical

science, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, stem cell related
research embryology and cell biology, bioremediation and biodegradation. The
development of the genetic resources of biodiversity is known as biotechnology.
Broadly defined, biotechnology includes any technique that uses living organisms or
parts of organisms to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals, or to

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develop microorganisms for specific uses. Mankind has used forms of biotechnology
since the dawn of civilization. However, it has been the recent development of new
biological techniques (e.g., recombinant DNA, cell fusion, and monoclonal antibody
technology) which has raised fundamental social and moral questions and created
problems in intellectual property rights.

Apart from Pharmaceutical sectors, the biotechnology innovations and research are
instrumental in health care systems, agricultural industry, polymers & materials
sectors, etc. Research & development in this area is relatively time consuming and
involves huge investment with risk involved with the outcome. To promote such
results much more importance is affixed with respect to patenting the inventions in
said field, and enabling the growing research sector to monetarily sustain itself.

One of the significant sections of the Patents Act, 1970, which plays an important
role in the patenting of the inventions in the field of biotechnology (more in the
pharmaceutical sector) is Section 3(d) of the Patents Act, 1970. The said sections
excludes the below from being invention under the Act, the mere discovery of new
form of known substances which does not result in enhancement of the known
efficacy of that substance or the mere discovery of any new property or new use for
a known substances or the mere use of a known process, machine or apparatus
unless such known process, machine or apparatus results in a new product or
employs at least one new reactant. Hence while proceedings with the patent
application for the biotechnological innovation the applicant might be called upon to
establish that the applied invention has enhancement in efficacy and difference in
properties over the existing product/ substance.

Ministry of Science and Technology has issued the guidelines "Instructions for
Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights", which would help in
enhancing the motivation of scientists, research institutions and universities in
projects funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Department of
Biotechnology, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Department of
Ocean Development. The salient features of the guidelines are reproduced below
from the official website:

99. Phytochemical studies and active chemical assay of fruit extract of

Cassia fistula L.
K. Sreenath, M. Lakshmi Priya, and S. Anitha
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevarya University, Anantapuramu- 515003,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Cassia fistula L.is an important medicinal plant used in the Indian system of
medicine. It is a medium sized deciduous tree with long and cylindrical fruits containing pulp

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and also with abright yellow coloured flower. The tree is found throughout India in all
deciduous forests and hilly tracts. The extract of the plant is used as an antiperiodic agent and
in the treatment of rheumatism. The ulcer healing power of Cassia fistula was reported
(Kirtikar and Basu.1975). Aqueous extract of the root bark exhibits anti-inflammatory
activity (Nair et. al.1977). The plant parts are used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of
hypercholesterolemia particularly because of their fiber and mucilage content (El-Saadany et.
al.1991). This plant has pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities.
Preliminary phytochemical screening was done to know about the presence of tannins,
alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, glycosides and saponins using standard procedures, and found
thatfruit contains Tannins, flavanoids and glycosides. HPTLC method was used in the
identification, assay or content uniformity of herbal raw materials and their formulations. C.
fistula used extensively in traditional systems of medicine. In the present work, quality of C.
fistula fruit pulp was also evaluated on the basis of β-sitosterol content using HPTLC.
Key words: Cassia fistula, phytochemical screening, HPTLC,
Direct and Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Indium (III)
using 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthaldehyde-P-Hydroxybenzoichydrazone
P. Govinda Chowdary1 and V. Saleem Basha2
1
Department of Chemistry, Vignan Institute of Technology and Sciences, Deshmuki, Nalgonda, Telangana
2
Department of Chemistry, Govt. College (Autonomous), Anantapur, A.P, INDIA. 515001
A new chromophore, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazone
(HNAHBH) has been synthesized and used for the direct and derivative spectrophotometric
determination of indium (III). The metal ion reacts with the reagent in aqueous dimethyl
formamide (DMF) in wide pH range forming greenish yellow coloured 2:3 (M: L) soluble
complex with  max at 450 nm. The colour intensity further increases in the presence of cityl
trimethyl ammoniumbromide (CTAB) micellar medium at room temperature. Beer’s law
obeys in the range 0.057-2.869 μg mL-1 of In(III). The molar absorptivity, Sandell’s
sensitivity, detection limit, determination limit and relative standard deviation are calculated
as 8.8 x 104 L mol-1cm-1, 0.0013 μg cm-2, 0.004 μg mL-1, 0.012 μg mL-1 and 1.66 %
respectively. The second and third order derivative spectrophotometric methods are also
developed for the determination of indium (III) which showed greater sensitivity and
selectivity. The proposed direct and derivative methods are applied for the determination of
indium in zinc effluents and alloys, in synthetic mixtures and in reference materials.
Key words: Direct and derivative spectrophotometry, Indium(III), HNAHBH

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