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Mitosis vs Meiosis: Key Differences

Mitosis and meiosis both involve the division of a parent cell into daughter cells but differ in their results and purposes. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells through one cell division and is used for cellular proliferation, while meiosis produces four non-identical gametes through two cell divisions and is used for sexual reproduction, halving the chromosome number in each cell. The key differences are that mitosis maintains ploidy levels while meiosis reduces ploidy through homologous chromosome separation and an additional cell division step.

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160 views1 page

Mitosis vs Meiosis: Key Differences

Mitosis and meiosis both involve the division of a parent cell into daughter cells but differ in their results and purposes. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells through one cell division and is used for cellular proliferation, while meiosis produces four non-identical gametes through two cell divisions and is used for sexual reproduction, halving the chromosome number in each cell. The key differences are that mitosis maintains ploidy levels while meiosis reduces ploidy through homologous chromosome separation and an additional cell division step.

Uploaded by

JaninaEhyam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MITOSIS vs MEIOSIS

Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic


cells that are genetically identical to each
other and the original parent cell;
Meiosis produces four haploid (n)
gametes that are genetically unique from
each other and the original parent (germ)
cell.

Mitosis involves one cell division;


Meiosis involves two cell divisions.

Mitosis causes no change in the number


of chromosome;
Meiosis gets the number of chromosomes
halved in each daughter cell.

Mitosis has a purpose of cellular


proliferation;
Meiosis has a purpose of sexual
reproduction

produce new cells; starts with a single


 Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
parent; similar basic steps

*importance of cell division essential process


5 PHASES OF CELL DIVISION
for organism creation, growth, and repair.
 INTERPHASE cell obtains nutrients; DNA replication,
*crossing over occurs during prophase 1 protein synthesis
 PROPHASE nuclear envelope breakdown;
*spindle fiber to equally divide the
chromosomes condense & become visible;
chromosomes in a parental cell into two
separates the duplicated genetic material
daughter cells
 PROMETAPHASE nuclear membrane breaks apart
*chromatid is one-half of two identical copies into numerous "membrane vesicles"
of a replicated chromosome  METAPHASE the cell's chromosomes align
themselves in the middle of the cell; equal
*centromere is the specialized DNA sequence distribution
of a chromosome that links a pair of sister  ANAPHASE sister chromatids moving to opposite
chromatids poles of the cells, due to the action of the
condensing spindle fibers
*homologous chromosomes are chromosome
 TELOPHASE sister chromatids reach opposite poles;
pairs that are similar in length, gene position,
small nuclear vesicles in the cell begin to re-form
and centromere location
around the group of chromosomes at each end

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