ENERGY MANAGEMENT OF THE COMMERCIAL BUILDING USING SIMULATION
MODELLING
Amritjot Kaur
Assistant Professor,Department of Electrical Engineering,
Chandigarh University Mohali, India
er.amrit23 @[Link]
Sarabjot Singh
Assistant Engineer,PSPCL,Patiala, India
Sarabjot07@[Link]
Abstract—Increase in energy demand has directed us to speed changes in accordance with the wind. In the present time, wind
properly manage the use of energy. As conventional sources alone technology has moved towards variable speed wind turbines. The
cannot meet the energy requirements, renewable energy is the variable speed machines have various advantages: they improve
solution of the problem. This paper models a hybrid system quality and system efficiency, reduce mechanical stresses and
consisting of photovoltaic system and wind energy conversion compensates for power and torque fluctuations.[2],[10]
system acting as renewable sources. The hybrid system is The wind energy conversion system using squirrel cage induction
connected to the utility grid. Both the energy sources are parallel generators uses back to back connected power converters. The power
linked through a DC/DC converter. The DC/AC converter converters have the capability of disconnecting the squirrel cage
converts the DC power available from PV array into three phase induction generators from the grid thus increasing improved
AC power. Simulation results show that hybrid system provides reliability.[10]
constant power to the loads even when the power is not available In this paper, an hybrid system consisting of photovoltaic system and
from the utility grid. Excess energy, if available, could be stored wind generation system is modelled connecting to the utility grid.
in battery storage system. The photovoltaic system generates 100KW of power and wind
generation system generates 9MW of power. The system could be
Keywords— photovoltaic array; wind turbine; battery installed for a commercial building for getting the uninterrupted
storage. supply for the essential loads. The generation systems could be
connected of disconnected from the utility grid by a change over
I. Introduction switch. The excess amount of energy, if available, could be stored in
the battery energy storage system connected to the photovoltaic
The increasing energy demand and limited fossil fuels directed system..
the individuals to shift towards renewable energy sources in the
generation of electricity [1]. The most widely used renewable energy
sources are photovoltaic (P.V) solar and wind system as they are II. SIMULATION STEUP
pollution free and environment friendly. They generate power in tens The simulation diagram of the wind farm in phasor model generating
of mega-watts (MW) to hundreds of megawatts.[7] 9 MW power is shown in figure 1:
A hybrid system combining different renewable energy sources even
produces higher amount of power. In the work, dynamic performance
of a stand-alone wind and solar system with battery energy storage
system is analyzed.[5]
A building connected to the utility grid and having an hybrid system
as renewable source could ensure effective use of energy, have
continuous supply to the essential loads and minimizes the wastage of
energy[4]. A hybrid system providing power to the loads does not
care about quality of power delivered but concentrates on less
fluctuation of power and the capability of flexible regulating the
power. The controlling strategies used in the plant using non-
conventional systems would be different from that of used in the
conventional systems.[5]
In the work, P.V. system is connected to the 50Hz utility grid. Three
phase voltage source converters (VSIs) are used to interface the PV
system to the grid. The current controlling part of V.S.I plays an
important role in feeding the grid with the high quality power.
The stand-lone P.V. system is controlled with a maximum power
point tracker (MPPT) in order to reduce the variation of different
irradiation values. The energy conversion system is based on the
boost converters with perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT control
algorithm.[1]
In case of wind energy generation system connected to the grid. The
total active power can be feed directly to the grid. If the power
extracted from the wind turbines is more than the local loads, the
excess amount of power could be diverted to the dump load or to any
of the storage element, that is, battery energy storage system.
The wind generation system uses constant speed wind turbine
generators which rotate at a specific speed regardless of the wind
speed. The variable speed wind turbines rotate at the wind speed and
1
FIGURE 1: PHASOR MODEL OF THE WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
The wind farm is equipped with three wind turbine units. Each unit is transmitted to the grid through a π-connected transmission line.
consists of two wind generators of 1.5MW rating. The three wind The photovoltaic system that is connected with the wind generation
turbines are connected in parallel supplying power to the grid. The system to form an hybrid system is shown in figure 2.
voltage generated by turbines is step-up to 25KV using step-up
transformer. The voltage after stepping up
FIGURE2: MODEL OF THE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current(Isc), maximum
The P.V. system is developed in Matlab/Simulink. The main power current(Ipm), maximum power voltage (Vpm) used in the PV
parameters of the P.V array is set according to Sun-power SPR-305- system is given in the table:
WHT. The irradiation values are varied in between 1000W/m^2 and
250W/m^2. The current in the P.V. panel is calculated by equation:
Open Short Maximu Maximu
circuit circuit m power m power
voltage(Voc) current(Isc) current(Ipm) voltage(Vpm)
64.2 5.96 5.58 54.7
Where,
Ipv, Vpv : voltage and current at the output terminals of the PV panel parameters
photovoltaic cells, The three level voltage source converter (VSI) converts
Iph: photocurrent, D.C. voltage into 3 phase A.C. voltage. A battery energy
k: Boltzman constant storage system is also connected with the P.V. system to
η: quality factor of n-p junction, store the excess amount of energy.
q: electron charge, An hybrid system consisting of P.V. and wind plant could
T: ambient temperature, K be connected/ disconnected from the grid by a change over
switch to meet the load demand if the excess of energy
available that could be stored in the battery .
FIGURE
2
3: FFIGURE 3: MODEL OF BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM
FIGURE 4: UTILITY GRID
III. RESULTS:
In the simulation, the PV plant produces a power output of
100KW at an irradiance of 1000W/m2. The wind energy
conversion system produces an output of 9 Mw at the wind speed
of 11 m/sec.. The hybrid system is connected to the 50Hz grid. At
starting the pitch angle of the turbine was at zero degree but when
the generated power exceeds 3MW, the pitch angle increases from
0 degree to 8 degree in orer to bring the power to the nominal
value.
3
Figure 1: output voltage (V_abc), output power( MW), Figure 3: Voltage (pu), and Reactive Power (Mvar) supplied by the
reactive power(Mvar ), voltage (V_B25), and STATCOM
current(I_B25)
In the simulation, the PV plant produces a power output of 100KW at
an irradiance of 1000W/ .
Figure 4 : output power (KW), voltage (V), and Irradiance of the
photovoltaic plant
Figure 2 : output power (MW) ,reactive power (MVAR),
Wind Speed (pu), Wind Speed (m/sec), and Pitch (degree) The DC output voltage and DC output current of the photovoltaic
of the Wind Turbine. array panel is shown as follows:
4
Figure 5: output D.C. voltage(V) and output D.C. current(A) of the Figure 8 : Output voltage (V) and Output Current (A) of the grid
photovoltaic array connected to the photovoltaic plant.
Figure 6 : Output Power of the Photovoltaic Plant.
Figure 9: Output Power(W ) of the grid connected to the photovoltaic
plant
BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM:
Figure 7 : Line to Line voltage of the photovoltaic plant.
5
Figure 10: Line to Line voltage of the battery energy storage system.
Figure 11: phase voltage of the battery energy storage system. Figure 12: State Of Charge of the Battery in Battery Energy
Storage System
CONCLUSION [3] Khadkikar V., &Kirtley J. L., Interline Photovoltaic (I-PV)
In this paper an hybrid system model based on PV and wind energy power system—A novel concept of power flow control and
conversion system was proposed. The proposed system was management.” IEEE Conference on Power and Energy Society
General Meeting”, pp. 1-6. July 2011.
simulated using Simulink block and modalism. The outputs of the PV
system and the wind energy conversion system were studied. It was [4] Smitha S. D., Savier J. S.& Mary C. F. , “Intelligent control
system for efficient energy management in commercial
found that the proposed system was recovered from most of the faults buildings. ” IEEE Conference on Microelectronics,
as in the case of STATCOM. The transients were very less. Further Communications and Renewable Energy”, Kanjirapally , pp. 1-
work needs to be done in the hybrid system model as some controller 6, June 2013.
could be connected in place of the manual change over switch for [5] Valarmathi, R., Palaniswami, S., &Devarajan, N. ,” Simulation
continuous supply to the loads. Additional work needs to be done in and Analysis of Wind Energy and PhotoVoltaic Hybrid System.”
the hybrid model to replace the STATCOM to deliver the continuous International Journal Of soft Computing and engineering “,pp
supply to the grid even under faulty conditions 2231-2307, June 2012.
[6] MATLAB “The MATLAB website,”
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