Bulletin of Scientific Contribution, Volume 14, Nomor 2, Agustus 2016 : 205 – 222

HOST ROCK AND MINERALIZED ORES GEOCHEMISTRY OF ARINEM VEIN, ARINEM

DEPOSIT, WEST JAVA – INDONESIA
Euis Tintin Yuningsih
Faculty of Geological Engineering, Padjadjaran University
email : etintiny@[Link]

ABSTRACT
Geochemically, the major, minor and trace elements play an important role in the various geological
processes. The REE characteristics of quartz vein formed during main mineralization stage are
representative of mineralization hydrothermal fluid REE compositions. The research concern the
integrating geochemistry and mineralogy analyses. It is an ideal method to study the occurrence of gold
deposits in the Arinem area. This area is located on the Java island as a part of West Java province of
Indonesia. Detail exploration, including some drilling activities, is ongoing to define the gold and base
metal reserve as well as the deposit characteristics. Thirty samples from different stage of mineralized
body of Arinem vein, altered host rock from different core level, outcrop host rock, Miocene and Pliocene
intrusions were analyses for its geochemical composition by using the Induced Couple Plasma (ICP) and
Induced Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Emission Spectrometry was used to extend the
lower detection limits and provide a broader spectrum of elements at the Acme Analytical Labortories,
Canada. The REE distribution in the altered host rock of the Arinem deposit indicated that the ΣREE
enrichment in the altered host rock, with decreasing in its content from the host rock to the mineralized
vein. The observed variations in mineralogy and mineral proportions indicate that Au and Ag came into
being only during stage II (except for electrum also indicated at stage I), but that sphalerite, galena,
pyrite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite were deposited during stages I and II.

Keywords : altered host rock, Arinem vein, Geochemistry, Mineralized body, REE.

ABSTRAK
Secara geokimia unsur-unsur utama, sedikit dan jejak (trace) memainkan peran penting dalam beragam
proses geologi. Karakteristik unsur tanah jarang (Rare Earth Elements) dalam urat kuarsa yang terbentuk
selama tahap mineralisasi utama merupakan representasi dari komposisi REE fluida hidrotermal.
Pendekatan yang diterapkan dalam meneliti hal tersebut meliputi integrasi analisis geokimia dan
mineralogi, yang merupakan suatu metode yang cukup ideal untuk mempelajari terjadinya deposit emas
di Arinem. Daerah Arinem terletak di wilayah Jawa Barat bagian selatan, Indonesia. Eksplorasi detil,
termasuk aktifitas pengeboran, sedang berlangsung untuk menentukan cadangan emas dan logam dasar
serta karakteristik deposit. Dalam penelitian ini, tiga puluh sampel telah diambil dari tubuh vein Arinem
dengan beragam tahapan mineralisasi dan dari batuan induk terubah dengan tingkatan yang berbeda dari
inti ke arah luar, serta dari singkapan batuan induk, dan intrusi berumur Miosen dan Pliosen. Analisis
untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia menggunakan Induced Couple Plasma (ICP) dan Induced Couple
Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Emission spectrometry digunakan untuk meningkatkan batas bawah
deteksi dan memberikan spektrum unsur yang lebih luas. Seluruh analisis tersebut dilakukan di
laboratorium “the Acme Analytical Labortories”, Canada. Distribusi REE pada batuan induk terubah dari
deposit Arinem mengindikasikan bahwa terjadi pengayaan jumlah REE dalam batuan tersebut, sebaliknya
terjadi penurunan kandungannya pada batuan induk yang mengalami mineralisasi vein. Hasil pengamatan
menunjukkan bahwa proporsi mineral dan variasi mineraloginya mengindikasikan bahwa kehadiran Au
dan Ag hanya terjadi pada tahap II (kecuali untuk elektrum juga diindikasikan pada tahap I). Sebaliknya
sfalerit, galena, pirit, kalkopirit dan arsenopirit terbentuk selama tahap I dan II.

Kata kunci: batuan induk terubah, vein Arinem, geokimia, tubuh termineralisasi, REE.

INTRODUCTION and trace elements have also been

Geochemically, all the elements of the geochemically divided as mobile and
periodic table have been classified into immobile elements and these elements
major, minor, trace and rare earth play an important role in the various
elements and each of these groups have geological processes. Majority of these
their own importance. In addition to elements are more or less mobile. It is
these broad divisions, the major, minor suggested that the rare earth element in

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quartz mainly exist in fluid inclusions, so investigation of the ore and host rock of
REE characteristics of quartz reflect that the Arinem vein from the Arinem deposit.
of ore-forming fluid in equilibrium with
quartz. Therefore REE characteristics of REGIONAL GEOLOGY
quartz vein formed during main The so-far unexploited mineralization in
mineralization stage are representative Arinem deposit, to date has been
of mineralization hydrothermal fluid REE regarded as low to high sulfidation
compositions. epithermal quartz vein deposit
Systematical research, integrating (Yuningsih et al, 2012; Yuningsih and
geochemistry and mineralogy, is an ideal Matsueda, 2014). Gold exploration in the
to study the occurrence of gold deposits Arinem area and its surroundings has
in the Arinem. Therefore, geochemical started since the early 1980s by Antam
analyses (including major, minor and (Aneka Tambang), the state mining
trace elements) of mineralized vein and company. Since 1990, detail exploration,
host rocks have been done including some drilling activities, is
systematically together with ongoing to define the gold and base
mineralogical investigations, isotopic and metal reserve as well as the deposit
fluid inclusions studies. The lack study of characteristics.
the origin of the mineralization source of Arinem area is located on the island of
the search for Arinem deposit previously, Java as a part of West Java province of
require a detail study of the Arinem vein. Indonesia. The deposit is located at the
The present study contains a south of Mt. Papandayan active volcano,
comprehensive geochemical about 200 km southeast of the capital
city of Jakarta (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1 Morphology of western Java with the distribution of active volcanoes and ore
deposits. The location of the Arinem deposit is indicated.

The oldest rocks exposed around the porphyritic andesitic rocks. Towards the
Arinem deposit are andesitic tuff, tuff top it was gradually covered by andesitic
breccias and aphanitic-porphyritic tuff and tuff breccias which are younger
andesitic lavas. This unit is part of the than the Jampang Formation. The
Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene volcanic rock of Jampang Formation is
Jampang Formation (Alzwar et al, 1992) host for the mineralization within the
which has been intruded by phaneritic – area.

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Columbia, Canada. The determination

METHODOLOGY had done by Induced Couple Plasma
Some samples taken from mineralized (ICP) and Induced Couple Plasma Mass
quartz-sulfide vein and altered host rock Spectrometer (ICP-MS) emission
of the Arinem vein were prepared for spectrometry to extend the lower
analyses. The elements presented are detection limits and provide a broader
major, minor, trace and rare earth spectrum of elements.
elements from all the analyzed samples
to get detail geochemical features of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
mineralized vein body and host rock. Major Elements Geochemistry of
Thirty samples from different stage of Arinem Vein
mineralized body of Arinem vein (See The quartz-sulfide of Arinem vein is
Yuningsih et al, 2012; Yuningsih and characterized by a dominance of SiO2
Matsueda, 2014), altered host rock from ranging from 40.8% to 85.6%, only one
different core level, outcrop host rock, sample from stage IB has very low SiO2
Miocene and Pliocene intrusions were content (10.1%). The Al2O3, Na2O and
analyses; 16 samples represent a K2O contents are low and some samples
quartz-sulfide vein from different stages are under detection limit (< 0.01%). The
and levels, 9 samples represent altered content of TiO2 and P2O5 are also mostly
host rock, 1 sample from outcrop of less under detection limit. The CaO contents
altered Jampang Formation, 3 samples variable between 0.1 to 10.7% while
from Miocene intrusions and 1 sample MnO contents in range 0.02 to 0.4%.
from Pliocene intrusion. Most of the samples contain Fe2O3 vary
All samples were clarified by in concentration and Fe2O3 enrichment
petrographic study, some samples from occurs in some samples of the quartz-
quartz-sulfide vein were clarified by sulfide veins. Comparing to the altered
EPMA, and altered host rock samples by host rock, the mineralized quartz-sulfide
XRD measurement. The geochemical veins are strongly depleted in Al2O3, and
analysis for mineralized vein body, various but slightly depleted in Na2O,
altered host rock and intrusion were K2O, TiO2 and P2O5. The content of the
carried out at the Acme Analytical MnO is similar, but Fe2O3, MgO and CaO
Laboratories (Vancouver) Ltd. British are uneven.

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Table 1 Geochemical analysis for major, minor and trace elements composition of
selected quartz-sulfide samples of Arinem vein.

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Table 2 Geochemical analysis for major, minor and trace elements composition of
selected altered host rock samples of Arinem vein with comparison with outcrop
Jampang Formation and Miocene-Pliocene intrusions.

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Propylitic and argillic alteration zones enriched of Na2O and K2O; and SiO2
samples show similar major element variable for less altered Jampang
content. Most of the altered rocks show Formation. The analyses results for
low Na2O, TiO2, MnO and P2O5 contents, major, minor, trace and rare earth
variable but low MgO and variable but elements of mineralized vein and altered
high SiO2 and K2O contents. The Al2O3 host rock of the Arinem vein are
contents generally almost the same with presented in Tables 1 and 2,
fresh rock (13.4 to 16.5%) and the SiO2 respectively. Two samples from the
contents range from 57.1 to 75.4%. The alteration zone of the Arinem vein (B.3-
comparison composition between less 22 and B.3-76) have low Al2O3 content.
altered Jampang Formation with the They may have been influenced by the
Pliocene intrusion are depletion of the presence of strong silica and iron oxide.
Na2O, MgO, CaO, K2O, & Fe2O3; slightly

Fig. 2 Relation between the SiO2 and the major elements content in quartz-sulfide
vein and altered host rock of Arinem vein with comparison with less altered
Jampang Formation and fresh Miocene-Pliocene intrusions of outcrop samples.

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Fig. 2 contains plots of Harker diagram the propylitic and argillic alteration zones
for mineralized Arinem vein and altered than in the less altered outcrop of
host rock. Despite the fact that SiO2 in Jampang Formation and fresh Pliocene
some samples might have migrated intrusion. The contents of Rb in quartz-
slightly during the alteration process, the sulfide vein are very low, usually less
diagrams indicate that: the contents of than 2 g t-1 only one sample with 55.4 g
Fe2O3 and MgO increase with decreasing t-1 value. The Sr concentration is lower
SiO2 contents both in quartz-sulfide vein for all of the mineralized and altered
and altered host rock samples. Compare samples (2.7–69.8 g t-1) in comparison
to the less altered Jampang Formation, with the concentration in the outcrop
Miocene and Pliocene intrusions, the host rock sample of less altered Jampang
trend of Al2O3 and P2O5 of mineralized Formation, and fresh Miocene and
vein and alteration host rock show Pliocene intrusions (239.3–306.8 g t-1).
similar composition. TiO2 and K2O of However, in general the altered rocks
altered host rock are higher and show a high Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios,
mineralized vein is lower; Na2O both quartz-sulfide samples show low Ba/Rb
altered host rock and mineralized vein ratio but low Rb/Sr ratio.
are lower; CaO, MgO, Fe2O3 and MnO Similar with Sr, the content of the Zr and
show uneven pattern. The TiO2 pattern Y in both mineralized vein and altered
shows the increasing of SiO2 is follow by host rock are also depleted comparing to
the increasing of TiO2 in mineralized the fresh rock. The content of Ni, Sc, Cs,
quartz-sulfide vein and decreasing of Hf, Nb, V, and W are depleted with
TiO2 in altered host rock. Al2O3, CaO, various values. Cobalt (Co) in both vein
K2O, P2O5 and MnO concentrations and altered host rock are enriched, and
plotting is unclear. There is no significant V is depleted in mineralized vein but
difference of the major elements among enriched in altered host rock. The In
the different stage of mineralization. The contents in mineralized and alteration
K2O, P2O5, TiO2 and Al2O3 content in samples are present in the wide range
altered host rock are both slightly and from 5.0 to 48.2 g t-1. Others trace
strongly higher than quartz-sulfide vein. elements content are similar with the
less altered Jampang Formation, and
Minor, Trace and Rare Earth Miocene and Pliocene intrusions. For the
Elements Geochemistry of Arinem Ti group, Hf content is mostly under
Vein detection limit but some samples show
The content of the large lithophile values up to 2.4 g t-1. The Zr content is
elements (Cs, Ba, Rb and Sr) and the variable but low in quartz-sulfide vein
incompatible elements contents are (up to 14.7 g t-1), higher in altered host
variable comparing to the less altered rock (up to 78.7 g t-1). Most of the Ni
rocks. The Ba and Rb content in element is under detection limit and most
mineralized quartz-sulfide samples are of samples have a low Cr content.
lower comparing to altered host rock The Arinem vein data shows the ΣREE
samples. Increasing Cs content occur abundances between 0.2 to 46.5 g t-1 in
almost in all altered host rock sample but quartz-sulfide vein but commonly less
decrease in the mineralized vein. then 5.0 g t-1. The REE contents in
Depleted of Ba occurs in all the quartz-sulfide vein is almost similar to
mineralized vein and altered zones in a those in hydrothermal quartz veins of
range of 4 to 88 g t-1 in altered host rock Pongkor (Warmada et al., 2007), or REE
and in quartz-sulfide vein in a range of in hot spring of Yellowstone (Lewis et al.,
1 to 14 g t-1. Only one altered sample of 1997 and 1998) or ground water and
BCA 20A-15 has high Ba content of 323 river water (Moller et al., 1998). The
g t-1. The Ba content of the less altered ∑REE for altered host rock is between
Jampang Formation is 111 g t-1 and fresh 10.0 to 40.0 g t-1, only one sample has
rocks taken from Miocene and Pliocene low content of 2.8 g t-1 (sample B3-22).
intrusions around 221–262 g t-1. In general the ∑REE of the mineralized
The value of the Rb concentration varies vein and altered host rock are depleted
within the alteration degree. The average comparing to the fresh rock. Depletion
Rb contents are both higher and lower in and enrichment of the REE and the

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incompatible elements occurs in all the and almost similar to common ΣREE
vein and alteration zones. The REE contents in volcanic rock of less altered
content is low and the pattern is flatter Jampang Formation (58.0 g t-1) and also
for the mineralized Arinem vein than other alteration zone of the Bayah
those for the fresh rocks. (Sukarna, 1999). Tendencies of
In general, ΣREE in alteration samples decreasing in ΣREE in quartz-sulfide vein
shows higher value compare to those in samples are show by sample from L440
quartz-sulfide vein. It is up to 40.0 g t-1 to L200 from stages IA–IIIB (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3 Rare earth element (REE) patterns of Arinem quartz-sulfide vein.

The ΣREE in the altered host rock are 5 L440 stage IIB). Some samples of
times higher compared to those in alteration such as samples no. B3-22 and
quartz-sulfide vein samples (Fig. 4). B3-76 are also mix with quartz-sulfide
Some quartz-sulfide samples is mix with vein and as consequence they have low
clay mineral of altered host rock that ΣREE of 2.8 and 10.0 g t-1, respectively.
resulted high ΣREE (sample no 3A-92/

Fig. 4 Rare earth elements (REE) patterns of Arinem altered host rock.

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The ∑LREE/∑HREE ratio of the t-1 (IIB) Au and 2.1 (IIA) - >100 g t-1
mineralized vein is between 0.7 to 12.0, (IIA & IIC) Ag. The base metal (Cu, Zn
but mostly more than 2.0. The Eu/Eu* and Pb) contents vary from 928.9 (IB) to
ratio is between 1.1 to 3.4 and Ce/Ce* 114,770 g t-1 (IIA), 500(IIA) to 226,300
ratio is 1.5 to 1.8. The ratio of the g t-1 (IIC) for Zn, and 11.6 (IIA) to
(La/Yb)N is between 0.9 to 4.3; (La/Sm)N 157,100 g t-1 (IIC) for Pb (Table 5.1).
is between 1.2 to 3.2; (TbYb)N is between Other ore elements are As 4.4 (IIC) to
0.6 to 1.8; and Y/Ho is between 23.3 to >10,000 g t-1 (IB), Sb 0.5 (IIA) to 71.2 g
36.0. The ∑LREE/∑HREE ratio of the t-1 (IB), Cd 2.9 (IIA) to >2,000 g t-1 (IIC),
altered host rock is lower than Bi 0.2 (IIB) to 199.5 g t-1 (IIA), Se 30.0
mineralized vein, in the range of 2.0 to (IB) to >500 g t-1 ((IIC), Te <5.0 (IIA) to
2.8. The ratio of Eu/Eu*, (La/Sm)N, and 209.0 g t-1 (IIC). The sample with highest
Y/Ho are slightly lower, with ranges of content of Sb is associated with the
0.4 to 1.1 (Eu/Eu*), 0.8 to 1.9 (La/Sm)N, highest content of As and the highest
and 25.0 to 29.2 (Y/Ho). The ration of content of Se is associated with the
the Ce/Ce* in the range of 0.8 to 2.0, highest content of Pb. The content of Mo
(La/Yb)N ratio in the range of 1.0 to 5.4, is up to 131.9 g t-1 and until now it is
and (TbYb)N ratio of the range of 1.7 to unclear yet the association of the Mo
2.3 are almost similar with the element with ore minerals.
mineralized vein. Based on the mineralization stage, the
The REE data were normalized to their content of the Au, Ag, Te and base metal
abundance in chondrites according to in the stage I are up to 9.1 g t-1 Au, 35.0
Sun and McDonough (1989). The g t-1 Ag, 32.0 g t-1 Te, 5.3% Cu, 16.7%
elements determined included light REE Zn and 2.9% Pb. The Au, Ag, Te and base
from La to Eu and heavy REE (HREE) metal contents in the stage II are up to
from Gd to Lu. Some samples with 17.5 g t-1 Au, >100 g t-1 Ag, 209.0 g t-1
quartz-sulfide dominant which are Te, 11.5% Cu, 22.6% Zn and 15.7% Pb.
analyzed by LA-ICPMS, shows REE The stage III content low Au, Ag, Te and
contents are below detection limit. base metal, as there are up to 0.3 g t-1
Mineralized vein has slightly negative Au, 22.6 g t-1 Ag, 28.0 g t-1 Te, 0.9% Cu,
anomaly of Ce, moderate to strongly 6.7% Zn and 0.4% Pb, respectively
positive anomaly of Eu and flat pattern (Table 5.1). Samples from the Arinem
(10-1 to 102). deposit with high Au content have the
Altered host rock have flatter pattern lowest REE contents (~2 g t-1). The gold
with value between 100 to 101, some and silver content in the Arinem vein are
show slightly to strongly negative varies. Relatively low Au and Ag
anomaly of Eu. The REE plots of quartz- concentration occur in samples from any
sulfide vein and alteration host rock are alteration zone.
also exhibits variable enrichment in LREE Altered host rock, sample B.3-22 is
relative to HREE (ΣLREE/ΣHREE = 2.0 to mixed between the altered host rocks
5.5) only one sample from quartz-sulfide (propylitic) with mineralized vein and
vein (2A-39.2/ stage IIC) has depleted in shows some anomalous value of the ore
LRRE (0.7). The less altered andesitic elements. Sample B.2-66 of altered host
Jampang Formation and andesitic rock has high As contents of 241.8 g t-1.
Miocene and Pliocene intrusions have Both less altered andesitic Jampang
strongly LREE enrichment with slightly Formation, and Miocene and Pliocene
negative anomaly of the Eu. The less intrusions have very low content of the
altered Jampang Formation shows LREE ore elements except for Cu 13.8 and up
enriched and flatter pattern comparing to to 166 g t-1; Pb 2.1 and up to 38 g t-1;
andesitic Miocene and Pliocene intrusions and Zn 58 and up to 60 g t-1. Some trace
which has strongly LREE enrichment. element also detected in the less altered
Jampang Formation, and andesitic
Major Ore Elements Geochemistry Miocene and Pliocene intrusions samples
of Arinem Vein such as Ni 1 and 4.8 g t-1; As 10.1 and
The geochemistry analyses of the major 22.1 g t-1. Other elements of Cd (0.3 g t-
ore minerals concluded gold and silver 1
), Sb (0.6 g t-1) and Au (8 g t-1) are also
grades varies from 0.01 (IIA) – 17.52 g detected in the andesitic Miocen and

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Pliocene intrusions. Plotting in triangular the highest contents of base metal also
diagram (Fig. 5) shows the correlation accompany by the higher content of Au
between concentration of the silver-gold- and Ag.
base metal (Zn, Pb, Cu). It is shows that

Fig. 5 Au-Ag-base metal correlation of the mineralized Arinem vein.

Variation diagrams for pairs of major ore galena and sphalerite. The As-Sb plot
elements in bulk-ore samples are given shows a positive correlation distribution,
in Fig. 6. Positive correlation trends for which indicates that the solid solution of
the element groups Pb-Se-Zn-Cd and As-Sb -bearing minerals is the dominant
Ag-Au-Te point to a mineralogical control control for these elements. The Au-Te
of element distribution. The Ag-Au-Te plot shows a scattered distribution, which
group relates to tellurium- Ag-Au indicates that the solid solution of Te-Au-
minerals, whereas the Pb-Se-Zn-Cd bearing minerals is not the dominant
group relates to base metal sulfides of control for these elements.

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Fig. 6 Variation plots of selected ore-element pairs in bulk-ore Arinem vein samples
(in g t-1). Average of upper continental crust (UCC) and lower continental crust
(LCC) from various authors are also plotted. Some diagrams show several
correlation trends, which tend toward the bulk composition of the bulk continental
crust (UCC & LCC).

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The As-Au plot also shows a weak Graphic in Fig. 6 also shows the relation
positive correlation, with relatively wide between some ore element in correlation
variation in As abundance (4.4 to with the upper continental crust (UCC)
>10,000 g t-1 As) compared to the and lower continental crust (LCC) from
magnitude for Au. The abundance of various authors (Taylor and McLennan,
mercury is very low (0.2 to 4.5 g t-1 Hg) 1985) to understand the fractionation
and gives a scattered distribution with process of the ore elements. The plotting
silver. The correlation trends support the of the upper continental crust (UCC) and
paragenetic observations from ore lower continental crust (LCC) in some
microscopy, i.e., a chemical and graphic reflect degree of the
mineralogical trend from the stage I differentiated process of the every
quartz dominated to the stage II base element relative to value of the bulk
metal rich mineral paragenesis. continental crust composition.
The Zn-Cd, Te-Ag, and Pb-Se have very Several correlation trends tend toward
high correlation which concludes that the UCC and LCC composition of the bulk
there are some substitutions of Zn by Cd, continental crust, or intersect it. The
and Pb by Se as investigated from the inter-element correlation-trends for Ag-
petrographic and electron microscope Au-Se suggest a similar process of
studies. The Te and Ag also have high enrichment for these elements. The
correlation indicating the occurrence of position of the bulk continental crust
the hessite, stutzite and petzite. The (UCC and LCC) on the extrapolated
correlation between Te–Bi and Ag–Au correlation-trends suggests leaching of
indicating the occurrence of the these elements from the continental
tetradymite and electrum, respectively. crust with a various degree of efficiency.
Correlation between As and Sb is The base metals are much less enriched
reflected by the occurrence of the over bulk continental crust and indicate a
sulfosalt mineral of enargite and much less efficient process of leaching.
tennantite, and rare substitution of the The low abundance of mercury in the
As by Sb in arsenopyrite. Other ore system (0.2 to 4.5 g t-1) could be a result
elements do not shows any regular of the high mobility of mercury.
correlation.

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Au Ag Cu

(g t-1) (g t-1) (g t-1)

As Hg Pb
-1
(g t ) (g t-1) (g t-1)

Sb Bi Zn

-1 -1
(g t ) (g t ) (g t-1)

Mn Te Cd

-1 -1
(g t ) (g t ) (g t-1)

Tl Sr Se

(g t-1) (g t-1) (g t-1)

Fig. 7 Selected ore-elements content of the mineralized sulfide-quartz veins from

three different vertical levels in the Arinem vein.

The general pattern of elemental shallower level relative to those of

concentration changes are well deeper part, and it is highest in the
illustrated by the bar graphs (Fig. 7). quartz veins of the stage IB of L440m (>
Gold is highest in the stage IIB sulfide- 10,000 g t-1) which is indicated with the
quartz veins samples of the L440m, and presence of the arsenopyrite. Antimony,
decreases in concentration in stages I although more irregular in concentration
and II veins of the L300m to generally essentially follows the same pattern with
less than 5 g t-1. To the deeper part of arsenic. Mercury is vary and occurred in
L265m its concentration is increase. low concentration (<5 g t-1), reaching its
Silver is highest in the sulfide-quartz highest single sample concentrations in
veins of stage II, where it reaches the deeper part of L625m and to
concentrations of more than 100 g t-1. shallower level its content is decrease.
The concentration of silver tends to be The base metals of Cu, Pb, and Zn are
higher in the deeper part. The present in abundant concentration. The
concentrations of tellurium are similar Zn and Pb shows similar pattern which
and follow the pattern of the silver highest at the deeper part and decrease
indicating the close occurrence of silver to the shallower part. Zinc is present in
and tellurium. consistently measurable amounts with
Arsenic tends to be higher and more the presence of the cadmium as also
consistent in the quartz veins of the shows by the occurrence of the selenium

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for the lead. The copper show apposite because of some samples contains some
trend with high concentration at the fragment of quartz vein. The data
shallower L440m comparing to the presented in Fig. 8 are separated into a
deeper part of L265m, although the set of results for samples collected from
highest concentration is in the L300m altered host rock (sharp line), and
associated with the lowest value of the samples from altered host rock which
Zn. The patterns of Tl and Sr adjacent to quartz veins or containing
concentrations are complex. quartz stringers (dashed line). Less
Concentration of Mn and Bi give a similar altered Jampang Formation host rock,
pattern with Cu, high in shallower level and andesitic Miocene and Pliocene
and low in deeper part with some intrusions of the outcrop also plotted as
variation concentration. comparison (gray color). The lack of the
Ore contents from altered host rock was mineralization within the alteration zone
conducted from L300m, L275m, L265m, of propylitic and argillic also reflect by the
L200m and L (-60m). The patterns of geochemical analyses which give very
vertical variation in elemental low content of the ore elements. Au, Ag,
concentration of the wall rocks at Arinem As, Hg, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Mn, Te, Cd, Tl, Sr
vein are highly irregular and the trends and Ag enriched downward, while Cu is
are more difficult to identify. This also uneven.

Au Ag Cu

(g t-1) (g t-1) (g t-1)

As Hg Pb

-1 -1
(g t ) (g t ) (g t-1)

Sb Bi Zn

-1 -1
(g t ) (g t ) (g t-1)

Mn Te Cd

-1 -1
(g t ) (g t ) (g t-1)

Tl Sr Se

(g t-1) (g t-1) (g t-1)

Fig. 8 Selected ore-element concentrations for altered host rocks from outcrop and
five different vertical levels of the Arinem vein. Some samples with dashed red line
adjacent to or containing quartz veins are also plotted.

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Gold and silver in altered host rock are to irregularly decrease with depth in the
highest in samples adjacent to or system.
containing quartz veins, whereas As The pattern of the Ag also irregular and
content is almost give a similar pattern the highest value is found in the altered
with the samples taken from mineralized host rocks samples of L200m. Other
vein, except for 1 sample from argillic elements of Mn, Tl and Sr are irregular
zone give a high content of As (241.8 g and give very low contents in all samples.
t-1). Similar pattern also shown by base The less altered Jampang Formation, and
metal of Cu, but no for Te, Pb, Zn, and andesitic Miocene and Pliocene intrusions
Cd which those are shown the apposite have very low content of those above
pattern with the mineralized body, with elements, except both samples shows
higher content in the shallower level, and higher content of Sr comparing to the
lower in deeper part. Different pattern is altered host rock and mineralized vein.
shown by Se with highest value at the Mn content is similar and slightly lower
deeper part of L265m. The gold appears comparing to the altered host rocks and
mineralized vein.

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Au (g t-1)

Au (g t-1) Ag (g t-1)

Cu (g t-1)

Pb (g t-1) Zn (g t-1)
Fig. 9 Variation diagrams of Ag/Au ratio vs. Au value; and Au, Ag and base metal
vs. elevation of the Arinem vein (source of data: PT Aneka Tambang).

Assay data for Au, Ag and base metal constant from the surface to the deeper
together with ratio Ag/Au from different part, mostly in the range of 0.05 to 10 g
elevation also plotted in Fig. 9. The t-1 and 5 to 100 g t-1, respectively. Rather
Ag/Au and Au plotted for every elevation different with the base metal, which
indicated the negative pattern shows to the deeper part the content and
correlation. The outcrop and core well grade of the Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly
data from different elevations shows increased. The correlation pattern
some trends of the vertical distribution of between Cu and elevation gained from
the ore such as for Au and Ag, they are the geochemical analysis of mineralized
do not shows any variation from the vein and assay is in apposite manner.
surface (from elevation ~630 m) to the
deeper part (to elevation ~ -80 m). The
content of the Au and Ag are relatively

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CONCLUSIONS meteoric water. Comparing to the other

The low REE contents in quartz-sulfide deposit in western Java, this
vein and, by inference, in the phenomenon is similar to the Pongkor
hydrothermal fluid, suggest relatively and Cikidang deposit, but opposite of the
short residence time of the meteoric Cibaliung which exhibit high positive Ce
water aquifer, that is, fast recharge. The anomaly.
partition coefficients of REE in quartz- The observed variations in mineralogy
sulfide of Arinem vein decrease and mineral proportions indicate that Au
systematically with increasing REE and Ag (present within electrum, petzite,
atomic number and same pattern also argentite, hessite, and stutzite) came
shows by the host rock of the Arinem into being only during stage II (except
vein. The slightly enrichment LREE and for electrum also indicated at stage I),
depleted HREE pattern of the some but that sphalerite, galena pyrite,
samples from the Arinem deposit are chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite were
probably controlled by the affinity of deposited during stages I and II. The
those elements to cation sites of host above mentioned observations can be
minerals. exploited by the difference physico-
The REE distribution in the altered host chemical nature and environment at the
rock of the Arinem deposit indicated that deposition time. The relatively high base-
the ΣREE enrichment in the altered host metal contents related to a low Au
rock, with decreasing in its content from anomaly pattern on geochemical
the host rock to the mineralized vein. The samples reflect the Eh, pH and T-
trace element data for Arinem vein and conditions during the ore deposition.
altered host rock are show the samples Geochemical zoning patterns at Arinem
with high ΣREE also have the high do not confirm well, in total, to those
elevated Zr abundances, suggestive of predicted by the epithermal models or
contamination by accessory minerals or the geothermal analogy, but they do
wall-rock particles. have some regularity, and could with
Positive Eu anomalies in a fluid therefore future refinement be tested as predictive
need a temperature of more than tools. The alteration mineral
approximately 250ºC, that is, the assemblages and physical features of the
positive Eu anomaly in most of quartz rocks also appear to be use as guides to
vein samples reflects higher temperature vertical and lateral position in the district.
than recorded during quartz-sulfide
deposition and points to deeper fluid- REFFERENCES
rock interaction at a higher reservoir Alzwar, M., Akbar, N. and Bachri, S.
temperature than it seen in the fluid (1992) Systematic geological map,
inclusions trapped at near-surface Indonesia, quadrangle Garut 1208-6
environment. The positive Eu anomaly in & Pameungpeuk 1208-3, scale 1 :
the quartz-sulfide samples could also be 100.000. Geological research and
due to breakdown of plagioclase in the development centre, 1 sheet.
country rock as seen by hydrothermal Moller, P., Dulsky, P., Gerstenberger, H.,
alteration of plagioclase in the wall rock Morteani, G. and Fuganti, A. (1998)
and formation of hydrothermal quartz- Rare earth elements, yttrium and H,
sulfide. The slightly negative Eu anomaly O, C, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope studies in
in the altered andesitic host rock, reflect mineral waters and corresponding
hydrothermal Eu depletion and rocks from NW Bohemia, Chech
complementary Eu enrichment in the Republic. Appl. Geochem., 13, p975-
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However, there is also some significant Sukarna, D. (1999) Rare elements
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salinity of the Arinem hydrothermal oceanic basalts: Implications for
system excludes involvement of mantle composition and processes. In
seawater, and points to oxidized Saunders, A. D. and Norry, M. J.,

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research project was financially
supported by Ministry of Research,
Technology and Higher Education of the
Republic of Indonesia.

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