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IGCSE Geography – Production Sectors
Primary – Secondary – Tertiary – Quaternary
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Most people do plenty of unpaid work around the home but before leaving school many of you will have
a part-time job of one sort or another. Full-time work is very different!
People have always needed work to survive; we all need food, clothing and shelter. The earth provides
these things, some of our food is caught by hunters or fishermen and most of our food is produced by
farmers.
There are many different types of industry and these can be categorised into four groups:
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
Primary Sector: The Secondary Sector: The Tertiary Sector: The Quaternary Sector: The
exploitation of raw manufacturing of providing of services to generation and sharing
materials from the primary materials into individuals and other of hi-tech knowledge
land, sea or air e.g. finished products e.g. businesses e.g. e.g. medical research,
farming and mining. car building, food teaching, banking, Google glasses
processing or retail and nursing. development or web
construction. page design.
When you finish school, college or university, what do you hope to do?
Name of job: Not Sure
Which sector: Tertiary or Quaternary
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Add a sentence to the table below that explains which sector each industry is located in.
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
Car Manufacturing
Retailing
Coal-Mining
Iron And Steel
Industry
Teaching
Farming
iPhone App Design
Dentistry
1. Explain why quaternary industry is a relatively new addition to the employment structures
hierarchy.
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The balance of jobs between the three categories in a particular area or county is called the
employment structure. Use the table to complete the series graph below:
Primary Secondary Tertiary
% % %
Bangladesh 63 11 26
Brazil 23 24 53
Cameroon 71 12 17
France 4 24 72
India 60 12 28
Italy 5 32 63
Japan 5 25 70
UK 1 25 74
USA 2 24 74
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Most goods or products are made in factories which can be categorized in one of two ways:
Heavy Industry – This is making large product Light Industry – This is making small products
such as ships, lorries and cars such as clothes and household goods
These are both secondary activities as products are manufactured from raw materials. In the past
factories were built near to the primary industries and raw materials. People moved to these areas to
live and work. This causes manufacturing towns to grow around local industry.
Today most people live on the edge of towns and cities and industry tends to follow. Factories employ
local people and are near relative markets or trade routes.
Match the keywords to their definitions:
Heavy Industry Goods to be sold
Light Industry Natural materials from the earth or sea
Manufacture To make goods
Products When small goods are made
Raw Materials When raw materials are made into goods
Secondary Activity To find a place for a factory or business
Factory Where large goods are made
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There are a lot of factors which need to be taken into consideration when deciding where to locate a
factory; these factors are grouped as physical or human and economic.
Highlight the words below to show whether they are physical or human or economic:
Physical Human And Economic
Raw Materials
Labour
Transport
Power
Markets
Leisure Facilities
Site
Natural Routes
Government Policies
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By 1800 _____% of people were working
in primary jobs. They would have mostly
been _______________.
At this time 20% of people worked in the
_______________ industry. This would
have included _______________.
The least worked in industry worked in in
1800 was the _______________ industry
with _____%.
The industry which grew the most during
the pre-industrial era was
_______________ by _____% increase
Describe what happened during the industrial era:
Which type of industry appeared in the post-industrial era? How much as it grown? Why do you think
this is?
_______________ industry, _____%,
Which industry has had the greatest downturn?
_______________ industry
This means there are less people working on farms in the EU, so where do we get our food from?
What do you think will happen to each type of industry in the future? Why do you think this?
Primary –
Secondary –
Tertiary –
Quaternary -
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