Experiment No.
01
Objective:
To investigate the characteristics of Centrifugal pump.
Experimental Setup:
Multi pump test Bench.
Theory:
1. Pump:
Pump is a device which adds energy to fluid.
Or
It is a device which convert mechanical energy to hydraulic energy.
2. Types of pump:
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3. Centrifugal pump:
A centrifugal pump is a rotating machine in which flow and pressure are generated
dynamically. The energy changes occur by virtue of two main parts of the pump,
the impeller and the volute or casing. The function of the casing is to collect the
liquid discharged by the impeller and to convert some of the kinetic (velocity)
energy into pressure energy.
4. Working principle of Centrifugal Pump:
It works on the principle of forced vortex flow. The forced vortex flow means when a certain
mass of fluid or liquid is allowed to rotate by an external torque, then there is a rise in pressure
head of the rotating liquid taking place. This rise in pressure head is used to deliver water from
one location to another. It is the centrifugal force acting on the fluid that makes it to flow within
the casing.
5. Parts of Centrifugal Pump:
The different parts of the centrifugal pump are listed below.
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Shaft
Impeller
Casing
Suction Pipe
Delivery Pipe
6. Impeller:
It is the rotating part of a centrifugal pump, compressor, or other machine designed to move
a fluid by rotation.
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7. Types of impeller:
Open impeller:
Open impellers have the vanes free on both sides.
Semi-open impeller:
The vanes are free on one side and enclosed on the other.
Closed impeller:
The vanes are located between the two discs, all in a single casting
8. Advantages of Centrifugal pump:
Following are the advantages of centrifugal pump.
The biggest advantage of centrifugal pumps is their simplicity.
They are suitable for large discharge and smaller heads.
They don’t require any valves or many moving parts.
This pump allows them to run at high speeds with minimal maintenance.
Their output is very steady and consistent.
Centrifugal pumps provide a lot of flexibility, are easy to move, and don’t take up a lot of
space.
9. Limitations of Centrifugal pump:
Reducing performance when handling viscous fluids.
Can only handle small amounts of gases in liquids.
Cannot be able to work high head.
Cannot be able to work high head.
Experimental Procedure:
1. Check that he circulation tank is filled with water.
2. Switch on the main power supply.
3. Turn on the pump and slowly open Flow control valve until maximum flow rate is
achieved.
4. Ensure that all setting follows the equipment set-up.
5. Note down flow rate and pressures.
6. Test the pump characteristics by changing the flow rate.
7. Turn off the pump.
8. Switch off the main power supply.
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Formulae:
Overall Efficiency η Overall= (Power Fluid /Power Electrical ) X 100%
Power (Fluid ) PFluid = g.Q.H.ρWater
Volumetric Flow Rate Q(m3/s) = Flow in LPM / 60000
Pump Head H (m) = P2-P1 /ρg + (V12)/2g
Water Density ρ= 1000 Kg/m3
Observations:
Sr Flowrate P1 (gauge) P2 (gauge) Q RPM Pump Power Fluid Power Efficiency
# (LPM) Head (m) Electric
( ) ( ) (m3/Sec) (W) %
(W)
Graphs:
Efficiency VS flow rate
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Graph between Efficiency and Flow rate
0.35
0.3
0.25
Efficinecy
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012
Flow Rate(m3/sec)
Head VS Flow rate
Graph between Floaw rate and Head
10.7
10.6
10.5
10.4
Head(pa)
10.3
10.2
10.1
10
9.9
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012
Flow rate(m3/sec)
Input VS Flow rate
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Graph between Flow rate and Input
370
360
350
Input(watt)
340
330
320
310
300
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012
Flow rate(m3/sec)
Comments:
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Conclusion:
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