International Journal of Agricultural

Science and Research (IJASR)

ISSN(P): 2250-0057; ISSN(E): 2321-0087
Vol. 9, Issue 4, Aug 2019, 245-252
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

ON YIELD, QUALITY OF SUGARCANE AND SOIL HEALTH

IN THE LONG TERM MANURIAL EXPERIMENT

Dr. CHRISTY NIRMALA MARY, P1 & R. ANITHA2

1
Associate Professor, Department of Soils and Environment, AC &RI, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Assistant Professor, Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT

Imbalance in the use of organic manures and fertilizers has lead to deleterious effect on soil productivity, yield
and quality of sugarcane. A permanent manurial experiment was carried out at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore,
Tamil Nadu to evaluate the long term effect of manures and fertilizers on yield and quality of sugarcane in the north
eastern region of Tamil Nadu. The 21st plant crop of CoC 671 was evaluated in the permanent manurial experiment with
eight main and six sub plot treatments replicated twice in a split plot design. The results of the statistical analysis of cane
yield revealed that 21st plant crop of CoC 671 was significantly increased to 84.30 t ha-1 due to the soil application of

Original Article
nitrogen @ 350 kg ha-1+ as neem cake blended urea in combination with recommended dose of P &K and compost. The
CCS per cent was also significantly increased due to the various levels of nitrogen in combination with recommended
dose of P, K and compost. The evaluation of soil pH and EC as influenced by long term application of various levels of
nitrogen in combination with P, K and compost did not vary widely. The available nitrogen status of the soil was
significantly increased due to the soil application of various levels of nitrogen in combination with P, K and compost.
The organic carbon content of the soil as influenced by the soil application of P, K and compost as well as various levels
of nitrogen was found to be significant.

KEYWORDS: Sugarcane, Imbalance-Permanent Manurial Experiment, Compost, Neem Cake & Available Nitrogen

Received: May 07, 2019; Accepted: May 27, 2019; Published: Jul 09, 2019; Paper Id.: IJASRAPR201931

INTRODUCTION

Sugarcane crop sustains the second largest organized agro industry. This has enabled us to be the largest
producer of sugar and second largest producer of sugarcane in the world. The different components of integrated
nutrient management in sugarcane are in combination with inorganic fertilizers include intercropping with legume,
application of organic manures and bio fertilizers. Sugarcane is an exhaustive crop which depletes the native plant
nutrients status of the soil due to the high removal of nutrients required for growth and development (Snehal Joshi
and Pawer, 2005). The soils of north eastern regions of Tamil Nadu which are under intense sugarcane cultivation
from time immemorial were subjected to decline in soil fertility due to the inadequate supply of organic manures
and over dependence of chemical fertilizers. As a result of the imbalance in the use of organic manures and
fertilizer nutrients have lead to deleterious effect on soil productivity, yield and quality of sugarcane (Perumal,
1995).

Sugarcane is the major crop cultivated to the extent of 3.04 lakhs hectares in Tamil Nadu and 1.08 lakhs

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246 Dr. Christy Nirmala Mary, P & R. Anitha

hectares in North Eastern region. Balanced application of fertilizer nutrients in combination with organic manures paved
the way for sustaining higher yield and quality of sugarcane besides improving the fertility status of the soil.

The main aim of the permanent manorial experiment is to monitor the cumulative effect of adding organic manure
and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugarcane and also to evaluate the changes in physicochemical
properties of soil. The permanent manurial experiment on sugarcane at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore is in
operation from 1963-64 onwards. In this paper 21st plant crop’s result is presented.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The 21st plant crop of sugarcane CoC 671 was tested in the permanent manurial- experiment in a split plot design
with eight main plots and six sub plot treatments replicated twice in a sandy clay loam soil at Sugarcane Research Station,
Cuddalore during 2009-2010.

Treatments
Main Plot Treatments

M1 - C0 P0 K0

M2 - C0 P0 K 115

M3 - C0 P 65 K0

M4 - C0 P 65 K 115

M5 - C 25 P0 K0

M6 - C 25 P0 K 115

M7 - C 25 P 65 K0

M8 - C 25 P 65 K 115

Sub Plot Treatments

S1 - 210 kg N ha-1 as urea

S2 - 210 kg N ha-1 as urea + neem cake

S3 - 280 kg N ha-1 as urea

S4 - 280 kg N ha-1 as urea + neem cake

S5 - 350 kg N ha-1 as urea

S6 - 350 kg N ha-1 as urea + neem cake

(Urea + neem cake at the ratio of 4:1)

C - Compost @ 25 t ha-1

P - P2O5 @ 65 kg ha-1

K - K2O @ 115 kg ha-1

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.1964 NAAS Rating: 4.13

Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield, 247
Quality of Sugarcane and Soil Health in the Long
Term Manurial Experiment
The main plot treatments consist of different combinations of recommended levels of phosphorus, potassium and
compost each @ 63.5 and 115 kg ha-1 and 25 t ha-1 respectively. The sub plot treatments consist of various levels of
nitrogen @ 210, 280 and 350 kg ha-1 in the form of prilled urea and neem cake blended urea. The nitrogen and potassium
were applied in three equal splits on 30, 60, 90th day after planting and phosphorus and compost were applied as basal
dose. The effect of various levels of nitrogen and its interaction with P, K and organic manures on yield and quality of
sugarcane were evaluated. Five numbers of sugarcane samples at harvest were collected at random from each treatment
plots and the juice was extracted and analyzed for various quality parameters by Meade and Chen (1977) method.
The effect of organic manures and fertilizer nutrients on quality of juice was evaluated.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Cane Yield

The 21st crop of CoC 671 was planted at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore. The increase in levels of N both
with and without blended neem cake significantly increased cane yield (Table 1) and the highest cane yield (84.30 t ha-1)
was recorded in the plot received 350 kg N ha-1 as NCBU and compost, P and K. Among the various subplot treatments
involving graded levels nitrogen, application of N @ 350 kg ha-1 in the form of neem cake blended urea recorded the
highest yield of 81.64 t ha-1 and was found to be significantly superior to the rest of the treatments, whereas the lowest
yield was recorded in the treatment that received N @ 210 kg ha-1 in the form of prilled urea (73.89 t ha-1). The results also
revealed that with increase in levels of nitrogen ranging from 210 to 350 kg ha-1, the sugarcane yield also found to increase
from 73.89 to 81.64 t ha-1. Yadav (1980) and Achuthan et al., (1989) also reported that the yield of sugarcane mainly
depends on tiller population, which is linearly related to the increase in levels of nitrogen application and ultimately
increase the yield of cane. The interaction of nitrogen with P, K and organic manures on sugarcane yield was found to be
significant and the cane yield ranged from 68.98 to 84.30 t ha-1, the highest yield was recorded in the treatment that
received N @ 350 kg ha-1 as neem cake blended urea in combination with recommended dose of P, K and compost which
was found to be significantly superior to the rest of the treatments, whereas the lowest yield was recorded in the treatment
that received N @ 210 kg ha-1 as prilled urea alone. Chithra (1992) also reported the similar results while evaluating the
influence of neem cake blended urea on the yield of sugarcane. The increase in yield of sugarcane might be attributed due
to the balanced fertilization of sugarcane with fertilizer nutrients and organic manures besides the use of urea coated with
neem cake as a source of slow release nitrogenous fertilizers.

Commercial Cane Sugar

The results of the statistical analysis of CCS per cent (Table 2) increased significantly due to the graded levels of
nitrogen in combination with P, K and compost and the value ranged from 11.00 to 13.58 per cent respectively. The higher
values of CCS per cent (13.58) were recorded in the treatments that received N @ 350 kg ha-1 in the form of neem cake
blended urea in combination with recommended dose of P, K and compost, whereas the lowest values were recorded in N
@ 210 kg ha-1 as prilled urea alone. Chithra (1992) also reported similar results while evaluating the influence of graded
levels of nitrogen in combination with P, K and organic manures on juice quality parameters of sugarcane.

Soil Fertility Status

The EC of soil (Table 3) increased with increase in levels of N. The pH of soil (Table 4) significantly decreased to
7.54, 7.56, 7.61 and 7.67 in plots received the compost. The organic carbon content of soil was higher in the plots received

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248 Dr. Christy Nirmala Mary, P & R. Anitha

the compost than the plots without the compost (Table 5). The available N content increased with increase in levels of N.
The available N was highest in the treatments having the N at 350 kg ha-1 with or without neem cake (232 and 240 kg ha-1)
respectively. The available N content was higher in plots received the compost than the plots without compost
(241 kg ha-1) (Table 6). The available P content (Table 7) significantly influenced by the N levels as well as the addition
compost, P and K. The available P was higher in the plots recorded with P than other treatments. The available K was
recorded highest i. e. 268 kg ha-1 in the treatment received with compost, P and K. The addition of K increased the
available K content in soil (Table 8).

CONCLUSIONS

The 21st plant crop of sugarcane CoC 671 was tested in the permanent manurial experiment in a split plot design
with eight main plots and six sub plot treatments replicated twice in a sandy clay loam soil at Sugarcane Research Station,
Cuddalore. The highest yield was recorded in the treatment that received N @ 350 kg ha-1 as neem cake blended urea in
combination with recommended dose of P, K and compost which was found to be significantly superior to the rest of the
treatments. The higher values of CCS per cent (13.58) were recorded in the treatments that received N @ 350 kg ah-1 in the
form of neem cake blended urea in combination with recommended dose of P, K and compost. Organic carbon content of
soil was higher in the plots received the compost than the plots without the compost. The available N was highest in the
treatments having the N was highest in the treatments having the N at 350 kg ha-1 with or without neem cake. The available
P was higher in the plots recorded with P than other treatments. The available K was recorded highest i. e. 268 kg ha-1 in
the treatment received with compost, P and K. The addition of K increased the available K content in soil.

REFERENCES

1. Achuthan, M., Chairmakkani and S. Rajasekaran, 1989. Studies on the effect of different levels of nitrogen and time of
application on yield and quality of early maturing sugarcane varieties. Bharatiya Sugar, 14(4), 65-66.

2. Chithra, K. 1992. Studies on the evaluation of nimin coated urea on yield and quality of sugarcane. Thesis submitted in part
fulfillment of M. Sc (Ag.) Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai.

3. Meade, G. P. and J. C. P. Chen. 1977. Cane Sugar Handbook. 19th edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1978.

4. Perumal, K. R. 1995. Bio productivity of cane sugar. Published by South Indian Sugarcane and Sugar Technologists
Association, Chennai, India.

5. Snehal Joshi and M. W. Pawer, 2005. Effect of foliar application of phosphorus and micronutrients on cane and sugar yield.
Proc. Of 8th joint Conv. of three associations: 112-121.

6. Yadav, R. I. 1980. Application of nitrogenous fertilizers of sugarcane. Co. op. Indian Sugar Crop. J. 6 (1): 3-5.

7. Mohammed, H. M., Prasad, V. M., Thomas, T., & Kispotta, W. I. L. S. O. N. (2014). Effect of organic and inorganic on growth
and economic of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. heem sohna under protected cultivation. International Journal of
Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR), 4(2), 67-77.

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.1964 NAAS Rating: 4.13

Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield, 249
Quality of Sugarcane and Soil Health in the Long
Term Manurial Experiment
TABLES

Table 1: Sugarcane Yield of 21st Plant Crop as

Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of two Replications)
Main Plot
M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5 M6 C M7 (C MS (C,
Sub Plot N Mean
(Control) alone) alone) &K) (Compost) & K) & P) P & K)
Levels (kg/ha)
S1- 210 kg as
68.98 72.87 73.30 73.91 73.79 75.26 76.03 76.94 73.89
Urea
S2 - 210 kg as
69.62 73.29 73.84 74.55 74.27 74.95 76.50 77.91 74.36
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as
74.23 74.91 75.01 75.34 76.09 76.47 77.87 79.16 76.14
Urea
S4 - 280 kg as
74.44 75.40 75.43 75.87 76.65 77.25 78.59 80.40 76.82
NCBU
S5 - 350 as
78.11 79.74 80.25 80.96 80.29 81.30 81.91 83.09 80.71
Urea
S6 - 350 kg as
79.24 80.47 80.91 81.63 81.66 82.56 82.35 84.30 81.64
NCBU
Mean 74.10 76.11 76.46 77.04 77.13 77.96 78.88 80.39

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 0.083 0.195
Sub plot (S) 0.085 0.171
MxS 0.233 0.482
SxM 0.239 0.483

Table 2: CCS % of Sugarcane 21st Plant Crop as

Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of Two Replications)
Main Plot
Sub Plot N M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5 M6 C M7 (C MS (C,
Mean
Levels (Control) alone) alone) &K) (Compost) & K) & P) P & K)
(Kg/Ha)
S1- 210 kg as
11.00 11.05 12.07 12.21 12.27 12.20 13.20 13.42 12.17
Urea
S2 - 210 kg as
11.04 11.04 12.12 12.18 12.20 12.52 13.35 13.47 12.24
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as
11.02 11.07 12.15 12.20 12.27 12.50 13.42 13.52 12.26
Urea
S4 - 280 kg as
11.05 11.05 12.17 12.18 12.25 12.50 13.40 13.54 12.26
NCBU
S5 - 350 as
11.04 12.12 12.18 12.00 12.20 12.70 13.45 13.54 12.40
Urea
S6 - 350 kg as
11.05 12.07 12.18 12.25 12.30 12.72 13.50 13.58 12.45
NCBU
Mean 11.03 11.40 12.14 12.17 12.24 12.52 13.38 13.51 12.30

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 0.062 0.148
Sub plot (S) 0.045 0.091
MxS 0.132 0.277
SxM 0.127 0.258

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250 Dr. Christy Nirmala Mary, P & R. Anitha

Table 3: EC (dSm-1) of Post Harvest Soils in 21st Plant Crop as

Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of Two Replications)
Main Plot
M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5 M6 (C M7 (C MS (C,
Sub Plot N Mean
(Control) alone) alone) &K) (Compost) & K) & P) P & K)
Levels (kg/ha)
S1- 210 kg as
0.21 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23
Urea
S2 - 210 kg as
0.23 0.22 0.26 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.23
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as
0.24 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25
Urea
S4 - 280 kg as
0.25 0.25 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.27
NCBU
S5 - 350 as
0.24 0.25 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.25 0.26
Urea
S6 - 350 kg as
0.26 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.28 0.27
NCBU
Mean 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.26

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 0.005 0.011
Sub plot (S) 0.005 0.010
MxS 0.013 NS
SxM 0.014 NS

Table 4: pH of Post Harvest Soils in 21st Plant Crop as

Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of Two Replications)
Main Plot
M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5 M6 (C M7 (C MS (C,
Sub Plot N Mean
(Control) alone) alone) &K) (Compost) & K) & P) P & K)
Levels (kg/ha)
S1- 210 kg as
7.43 7.68 7.78 7.70 7.55 7.63 7.63 7.68 7.63
Urea
S2 - 210 kg as
7.80 7.75 7.70 7.75 7.58 7.55 7.63 7.60 7.67
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as
7.83 7.83 7.75 7.78 7.55 7.53 7.58 7.58 7.68
Urea
S4 - 280 kg as
7.78 7.80 7.80 7.70 7.50 7.55 7.63 7.68 7.68
NCBU
S5 - 350 as
7.83 7.75 7.68 7.63 7.53 7.48 7.60 7.80 7.66
Urea
S6 - 350 kg as
7.85 7.73 7.65 7.60 7.55 7.63 7.60 7.68 7.66
NCBU
Mean 7.85 7.75 7.73 7.69 7.54 7.56 7.61 7.67

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 0.03 0.07
Sub plot (S) 0.02 0.02
MxS 0.07 NS
SxM 0.07 NS

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.1964 NAAS Rating: 4.13

Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield, 251
Quality of Sugarcane and Soil Health in the Long
Term Manurial Experiment
Table 5: Organic Carbon (%) of Post Harvest Soils in 21st Plant Crop as
Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of Two Replications)
Main Plot
Sub Plot N M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5 M6 (C M7 (C MS (C,
Mean
Levels (Control) alone) alone) &K) (Compost) & K) & P) P & K)
(kg/ha)
S1- 210 kg as
0.39 0.40 0.41 0.45 0.53 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.48
Urea
S2 - 210 kg as
0.38 0.41 0.43 0.46 0.55 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.49
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as
0.41 0.41 0.42 0.46 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.58 0.49
Urea
S4 - 280 kg as
0.39 0.43 0.44 0.46 0.58 0.53 0.57 0.56 0.50
NCBU
S5 - 350 as
0.41 0.45 0.43 0.43 0.59 0.60 0.58 0.63 0.52
Urea
S6 - 350 kg as
0.41 0.40 0.45 0.44 0.61 0.57 0.60 0.59 0.51
NCBU
Mean 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.57 0.55 0.57 0.58

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 0.01 0.02
Sub plot (S) 0.01 0.02
MxS 0.02 NS
SxM 0.02 NS

Table 6: Available N (kg/ha) of Post Harvest Soils in 21st Plant Crop as

Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of Two Replications)
M6 M7 MS
Main Plot Sub Plot M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5
(C & (C & (C, P Mean
N Levels (kg/ha) (Control) alone) alone) &K) (Compost)
K) P) & K)
S1- 210 kg as Urea 179 176 171 176 203 198 200 214 189
S2 - 210 kg as
188 189 174 202 206 208 209 223 203
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as Urea 204 207 200 203 221 222 219 239 214
S4 - 280 kg as
210 211 212 208 213 213 217 250 217
NCBU
S5 - 350 as Urea 219 222 221 218 237 240 244 257 232
S6 - 350 kg as
223 222 229 229 246 252 257 265 240
NCBU
Mean 204 205 202 201 221 222 224 241

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 4.7 11.1
Sub plot (S) 4.2 8.5
MxS 11.8 NS
SxM 11.9 NS

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252 Dr. Christy Nirmala Mary, P & R. Anitha

Table 7: Available P (kg/ha) of Post Harvest Soils in 21st Plant Crop as

Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of Two Replications)
Main Plot Sub
M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5 M6 (C M7 (C MS (C,
Plot N Levels Mean
(Control) alone) alone) & K) (Compost) & K) & P) P & K)
(kg/ha)
S1- 210 kg as
8.84 8.50 10.88 11.23 11.47 11.66 13.85 14.96 11.42
Urea
S2 - 210 kg as
8.75 8.80 11.88 12.00 10.88 10.75 14.81 15.34 11.65
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as
9.19 9.96 11.75 12.38 11.25 11.63 15.30 16.38 12.23
Urea
S4 - 280 kg as
9.37 9.66 12.88 13.25 11.75 12.38 15.43 16.25 12.68
NCBU
S5 - 350 as
9.37 9.68 13.83 14.88 11.50 12.75 16.88 18.40 13.36
Urea
S6 - 350 kg as
9.39 9.85 14.00 15.75 12.63 14.13 17.00 19.43 14.02
NCBU
Mean 9.15 9.41 12.53 13.25 11.58 12.21 15.54

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 0.17 0.39
Sub plot (S) 0.18 0.36
MxS 0.49 1.01
SxM 0.50 1.02

Table 8: Available K (kg/ha) of Post Harvest Soils in 21st Plant Crop as

Influenced by Organic Manure and Fertilizer
(Mean of Two Replications)
Main plot sub
M1 M2 (K M3 (P M4 (P M5 M6 (C M7 (C MS (C,
plot N levels Mean
(Control) alone) alone) &K) (compost) & K) & P) P & K)
(kg/ha)
S1- 210 kg as
158 251 200 260 215 259 212 277 229
Urea
S2 - 210 kg as
169 258 213 255 223 251 222 265 232
NCBU
S3 - 280 kg as
145 241 222 209 212 230 275 266 218
Urea
S4 - 280 kg as
144 239 225 210 217 236 217 261 219
NCBU
S5 - 350 as
134 234 226 214 210 219 223 266 216
Urea
S6 - 350 kg as
143 233 222 216 214 227 227 273 219
NCBU
Mean 149 243 218 227 215 237 219 268

SED CD (P=0.05)
Main plot (M) 0.73 1.58
Sub plot (S) 0.08 0.15
MxS 0.76 1.62
SxM 0.22 0.43

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.1964 NAAS Rating: 4.13