Assessment of water use efficiency and its possible improvements in MNIT

Campus

By

Chetna Goyal (2015UCE1305)

Gautam Kumar (2015UCE1733)

Aman Dubey (2015UCE1740)

Submitted

in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Technology

(Civil Engineering)

Department of Civil Engineering MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR

MAY 2019
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled Assessment of water use efficiency

and possible improvements in MNIT Campus which is being submitted by Chetna

Goyal (2015UCE1305), Gautam Kumar (2015UCE1733), Aman Dubey

(2015UCE1740) for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of

B.Tech. (Civil Engineering) to the Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya

National Institute of Technology Jaipur, has been carried out under my/our

supervision and guidance.

Dr Mahesh Kumar Jat

Supervisor

Dept. of Civil Engineering

MNIT Jaipur
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to the Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT JAIPUR, for giving us

the opportunity to execute this project, which is an integral part of the curriculum in

B. Tech. programme at the Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur.

We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to our supervisor and Head of

Department, Civil Engineering Department Dr Mahesh Kumar Jat for providing us

such an opportunity and support to do our project.

We would like to thank Prof Mahender Choudhary and Dr Pawan Kalla , for their

constant guidance and evaluation of our project.

We are thankful to all the members of teaching staff as well as nonteaching staff, Civil

Engineering Department for their undying support and contribution throughout the

project.

Chetna Goyal (2015UCE1305)

Gautam Kumar (2015UCE1733)

Aman Dubey (2015UCE1740)

Date: May 11, 2018

Jaipur
 ABSTRACT

Water is one of the most important substances that are needed for plants and animals.

The project revolves around water usage in MNIT campus.

In this project the water supply and demand data in MNIT campus will be collected

and analyzed .Water wastage will also be studied. Also wastewater generated and its

treatment will be studied. The gap between water consumed and water available will

also be analyzed. We will also try to present the best possible solutions to increase the

efficiency of water usage in the campus.

So far no study has been conducted on this topic in MNIT campus. Water use pattern

will be studied
 INDEX

Topics Page no.

1. Literature review ……………………………………………... 1–2

2. Introduction …………………………………………………… 3
3. Water supply system of MNIT ……………………………….. 4 – 11
4. Water Supply (Quantity)
4.1 Actual water supply in MNIT ……………………………. 12 – 13
4.2 Net water supply ………………………………………….. 13 – 14
5. Water demand calculation
5.1 Population in MNIT campus ……………………………... 16 – 26
5.2 Water demand calculation ………………………………... 26 – 28
5.3 Future population and water demand …………………… 29 – 30

6. Problems ………………………………………………………… 31

7. Water management strategies

7.1 Classification …………………………………………………. 32 – 33

7.2 Rainwater harvesting ………………………………………… 34 – 46

7.3 Water efficient fittings ………………………………………... 46 – 58

7.4 Water savings with change in water use habits ……………... 58 – 59

7.5 Use of reclaimed water (e.g. waste water/grey water)……….. 60 - 65

to reduce the need for fresh water supplies

7.6 Report …………………………………………………………… 66

7.7 References ………………………………………………………. 67

 1) LITERATURE REVIEW

This section reviews the literature relevant to the objective of the study, i.e.

“Assessment of water use efficiency and its possible improvements in

MNIT Campus”.

Firstly the actual supply of water in MNIT campus is determined. For this Junior

Engineer at Estate section helped us a lot by providing the data relevant to determine

actual water supply. The water supply system in MNIT was also explained by Junior

Engineer at Estate Section.

To determine theoretical demand, i.e. demand based on population in MNIT including

staff (teaching and non – teaching both), students, etc. various Government Manuals

were referred. The population was determined from hostel office, establishment

section, academic section, surveys, etc. Government Manuals referred were

“MANUAL ON WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT” by CPHEEO, IS-1172,

etc.

The water demand calculated and actual supply are compared to carry out study

regarding the problems in water supply and give solutions for the same.

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While stating solutions various journals were referred which included “WATER

AUDIT – NEED OF THE HOUR”, “WEP – I”, etc. The website of Water Resource

Department, Rajasthan Government was also accessed to determine the average

rainfall in Jaipur.

The report submitted in Nit Rourkela by Ranjit Kumar Sharma on “RAINWATER

HARVESTING IN NIT ROURKELA” was quite useful.

The project included various surveys like surveying for population in MNIT campus,

survey to determine the discharge from tap system in MNIT, toilet flush tank capacity,

etc.

ARCMAP was used at many instances mainly for area calculation. ARCMAP is the

main component of Esri's ArcGIS suite of geospatial processing programs, and is used

primarily to view, edit, create, and analyze geospatial data. ARCMAP allows the user

to explore data within a data set, symbolize features accordingly, and create maps.

Overall the project is a combination of collection of vast amount of data, data based

on calculation or taking it directly from manuals or journals, data calculated or

determined with the help of software, etc.

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 2) INTRODUCTION

PLACE OF STUDY: - Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru

Marg, Malaviya Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan

LOCATION OF STUDY: - Latitude - 26.8630° N

Longitude - 75.8106° E

CAMPUS: - 317 ACRES

MNIT CAMPUS

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 3) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF MNIT

 The main source of water in MNIT is groundwater and to some extent water

from Bisalpur Dam.

 The main components with the help of which water is supplied in MNIT are:

1) Service Reservoir
2) Collection Tank
3) Pumps
4) Hill tank
5) Rainwater harvesting plant

In order to locate the position of the components their coordinates were

determined using mobile application by reaching the actual point of

component and later plotting the places on map using ARCMAP.

The location of these components is based on the space available and also on

the places where these components are used to supply water.

The excel sheet showing latitude and longitude of the components above are

shown

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Now after getting the locations in excel form these were imposed on Google satellite

image using ARCMAP.

To do this firstly Google Earth Image in .img format is added into ARCMAP using

ADD command. After that steps involved are :-

Map showing location of the above components

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Details about the components are as follows:-

i) SERVICE RESERVOIR

Height of service reservoir = 18 feet

Diameter of service reservoir = 23 feet
Volume of service reservoir = 2 lakh 4 thousand litres

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 SERVICE RESERVOIR supplies water to GUEST HOUSE, STAFF

COLONY , INCUBATION CENTRE , MRC AND ESTATE

SECTION.

SERVICE RESERVOIR OF MNIT

ii) COLLECTION TANK

Height of collection tank = 7 feet

Volume of collection tank = 2.54 lakh litres

Water from all sources is stored in collection tank and later pumped to required

locations using pumps.

7|Page
 COLLECTION TANK WITH GUAGE TO MEASURE WATER LEVEL

iii) PUMPS

There are 8 pumps in MNIT which are in working condition.

The functions of different pumps with their location is shown

in following table :-

SN PUMP NO POSITION OF FUNCTION

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O PUMP
1 Pump no 1 Near Ashok Vatika Fills collection tank
2 Pump no 12 Near Sports Fills collection tank
Complex
3 Pump no 14 Near Collection tank Supplies in Block A and B of Girls’
Hostel
4 Pump no 19 Near Estate Section Fills collection tank
5 Pump no 20 Near Estate Section Fills collection tank
6 Pump no 16 Near Hostel 4 Fills Hill tank
7 Pump no 17 Near Hostel 6 Supplies water in Hostel – 6,8 and 9
8 Pump no 18 In Gargi Hostel Supplies water in Gargi and Ganga
(near secondary Hostel
gate)

9|Page
 Working Pumps of MNIT

iv) HILL TANK

Situated at hill near Aurobindo Hostel

Height of tank = 10 feet
Width of tank = 25 feet
Length of tank = 31 feet
Volume of tank = 219402 litres

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v) RAINWATER HARVESTING

Rainwater harvesting tank is situated near Dean Gate

Height of tank = 5m
Diameter of tank = 12m
Therefore volume of tank = 565 m3

4) WATER SUPPLY (QUANTITY)

4.1) ACTUAL WATER SUPPLY IN MNIT CAMPUS (QUANTITY)

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 1) Hill tank supplies water in H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H8 and H10.

2) Service reservoir supplies water to Guest House, Staff colony, Incubation

Centre, Canteen, Material Research Centre , Esate section , MNIT School and

Centre for Energy.

# Hill tank is filled once a day

Therefore water supplied by it per day = 1 * Capacity of hill tank

= 1 * 219402

= 219402 litres

* Service Reservoir is filled twice a day

Therefore water supplied by it per day = 2 * Capacity of service

reservoir

= 2 * 204000

= 408000

4.2) NET WATER SUPPLY

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*Losses (UFW) taken are 15% of total water supply (source – Manual on water

supply and treatment by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering

Organisation (CPHEEO)

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 5) WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

CPHEEO has given certain standards, that is, per capita water demand based on

population, size of city, climatic conditions, etc.

To use these standards we need to firstly determine the actual population residing

in MNIT campus.

The population of MNIT comprise of following: -

a) Students residing in hostels

b) Students in various departments
c) Staffs working in departments and offices
d) Staffs residing in staff quarters

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 Population of students residing in hostels was determined directly from hostel

office.

Population of students in departments was determined directly from academic

section.

Population of staffs working in departments and offices was directly taken from

establishment section.

We carried out survey to determine the population of staffs residing in

staff colony.

5.1) POPULATION IN MNIT CAMPUS

5.1.1) HOSTEL WISE STUDENT DISTRIBUTION

(SOURCE – HOSTEL OFFICE)

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TABLE TAKEN FROM HOSTEL OFFICE

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SN HOSTEL NAME HOSTEL NO OF STUDENTS
O TYPE RESIDING
1 PARIJAT (H1) BOYS 177
2 CHAITANYA (H2) BOYS 169
3 SATPURA (H3) BOYS 180
4 LOHIT (H4) BOYS 140
5 BRIHASPATI (H5) BOYS 182
6 KABIR (H6) BOYS 180
7 DRONA (H7) BOYS 225
8 VARUN (H8) BOYS 210
9 AUROBINDO (H9) BOYS 955
10 PG HOSTEL (H10) BOYS 16
11 GANGA BOYS 20
12 MAITRI (H11) GIRLS 205
13 GARGI (H12) GIRLS 402
14 ACHARYA BHAWAN GIRLS 59
15 MOTI GIRLS 79
16 MOOGA GIRLS 102

TOTAL 3799

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5.1.2) DEPARTMENT WISE POPULATION OF STUDENTS (UG)

(SOURCE – ACADEMIC OFFICE)

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5.1.3) TOTAL STUDENT DEPARTMENT WISE IN MNIT (UG + PG)

DATA FROM ACADEMIC OFFICE

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From above table calculating total population and presenting in table below

5.1.4) INSTITUTE WISE POPULATION IN DEPARTMENTS

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At present there are two more institutes running in MNIT – IIIT Kota and NIT

Uttarakhand. Their population have been presented below

DATA TAKEN FROM IIIT KOTA OFFICE

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5.1.5) TOTAL POPULATION IN DEPARTMENTS

Based on data from all institutes total population (includes students, teaching staff,

and non – teaching staff) in departments of MNIT is shown below:-

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5.1.6) POPULATION IN STAFF COLONY

To find the staff colony population we have carried out survey of few quarters of each

type and after taking average population of quarter of each type total staff population

was determined by multiplying it with no of quarters of each type.

Survey data is presented below

1) A type

9 people (including servants)

2) B type

B 9 – 6 people (including servants)

B 8 – 4 people (including servants)
B 13 – 5 people (including servants)

Therefore average population in B type = (6+4+5)/3

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 =5

3) C type

C 13 – 4 People (including servants)

C 16 – 4 People (including servants)
C 5 – 7 People (including servants)

Therefore average population in type C = (4+4+7)/3

=5
4) D type

D 30 – 4 People (including servants)

D 31 – 4 People (including servants)
D 34 – 6 People (including servants)

Therefore total population in type D = (4+4+6)/5

≈5

5) F type

F 3 – 6 People (including servants)

F 38 – 4 People (including servants)
F 36 – 5 People (including servants)

Therefore total population in type F = (6+4+5)/3

=5

Similarly average population of H type , MSH and Acharya Bhawan has been

calculated.

Now total houses of each type has been taken from estate section which is as

follows:-

QUARTER TYPE NUMBER

A TYPE 1
B TYPE 17
C TYPE 20
D TYPE 78
F TYPE 66
H TYPE 48
MSH 20

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 ACHARYA BHAVAN 22

Based on above data total population in staff colony is shown in following

table

5.1.7) TOTAL POPULATION

There are certain other buildings in MNIT which have not been covered so far and

considering all these total population has been shown in following table

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* Population in guest house is calculated by taking help of no of beds. Since there are

90 beds in 45 rooms so total population of visitors may be taken as 90.

5.2) WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

After finding the population water demand needs to be calculated for which standard

water demand in per capita per day is required which is provided by “MANUAL ON

WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT – 1999 ” BY “CENTRAL PUBLIC HEALTH

AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ORGANISATION” under “MINISTRY

OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT, NEW DELHI”.

The standards to be used is shown in following tables (marked in the table) :-

 To calculate water demand in hostels and MNIT guest house.

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• To calculate water demand in MNIT school and offices like Prabha bhavan ,

departments,etc

• To calculate water demand in staff colony where families live

After taking the standards from respective table the water demand is shown

below:-

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 5.3) FUTURE POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND

 We have considered only MNIT.

 We have assumed no of students in hostels to be 9000 and calculated the total

no of students in MNIT by taking present ratio of no of students in

departments to no of students in hostels (4456/3799 = 1.17).

 Similarly all other future population is calculated by taking the ratio of

respective present population of entity to total no of students.

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Very soon we may need a lot of water which is about 1.5 times the present

supply and 1.8 times the present demand.

So we need to adopt water management techniques because increase in supply

may not be feasible.

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 6)PROBLEMS
• At present water supply is little bit higher than demand but still we are facing

water scarcity in campus. This is due to inefficient handling of water.

• We are entirely dependent on ground water supply which is depleting day by

day.
• Fresh water is being wasted in flushing, cleaning,etc further adding to water

scarcity.
• In future population will increase for sure without much increase in supply

looking at the present scenario.This will create problems in future.

• There are 20 tubewells in MNIT out of which only 8 are in working condition.
• entire recycled water is not being utilised , thus reducing the efficiency of

usage of recycled water

• The water fittings in MNIT are not efficient.
• MNIT has a great potential of rainwater harvesting but we are not harnessing

it to full extent.
• Surface water is limited because we do not have enough supply from Bisalpur

dam.

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7) WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

7.1) CLASSIFICATION

It can be classified into two types: -

a) Supply Management Strategy

b) Demand Management Strategy

a) SUPPLY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

• The main source of supply in MNIT is groundwater supply and Jaipur

is already in red zone as per “Central Ground Water Board”. So it may

not be feasible to increase the supply from groundwater.

• We can get only limited supply from Bisalpur dam.

• This is the reason supply management strategy may not be feasible although

we can adopt rainwater harvesting for groundwater recharge.

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• So we have to shift to demand management strategies.

b) DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

• Water efficient fittings
• Change in water use habits
• Use of reclaimed water (e.g. waste water/grey water) to reduce the

need for fresh water supplies

• Awareness

All the water management strategies are discussed one by one.

7.2) RAINWATER HARVESTING

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a simple method by which rainfall is collected

for future usage. The collected rainwater may be stored, utilised in different

ways or directly used for recharge purposes.

MNIT has a huge rainwater saving potential considering a lot of area it has.

Although it is practically impossible to collect every drop of rain but we can

get most of out of rainwater using rainwater harvesting.

A rainwater harvesting system comprises of components for - transporting

rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration, and tanks for storage of harvested

water. The common components of a rainwater harvesting system are:-

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1) Catchments: - The surface which directly receives the rainfall and

provides water to the system is called catchment area. It can be a paved

area like a terrace or courtyard of a building, or an unpaved area like a

lawn or open ground. A roof made of reinforced cement concrete (RCC),

galvanized iron or corrugated sheets can also be used for water harvesting.

2) Coarse Mesh: - It prevents the passage of debris, provided in the roof.

3) Gutters: - Channels which surrounds edge of a sloping roof to collect and

transport rainwater to the storage tank. Gutters can be semi-circular or

rectangular and mostly made locally from plain galvanized iron sheet.

Gutters need to be supported so they do not sag or fall off when loaded

with water. The way in which gutters are fixed mainly depends on the

construction of the house, mostly iron or timber brackets are fixed into the

walls.

4) Conduits:- Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater from the

catchment or rooftop area to the harvesting system. Commonly available

conduits are made up of material like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or

galvanized iron (GI).

5) First-flushing: - A first flush device is a valve which ensures flushing out

of first spell of rain away from the storage tank that carries a relatively

larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchment surface.

6) Filters: - The filter is used to remove suspended pollutants from rainwater

collected from rooftop water. The Various types of filters generally used

for commercial purpose are Charcoal water filter, Sand filters, Horizontal

roughing filter and slow sand filter.

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 7) Storage facility: - There are various options available for the construction

of these tanks with respect to the shape, size, material of construction and

the position of tank and they are:- Shape: Cylindrical, square and

rectangular. Material of construction: Reinforced cement concrete (RCC),

masonry, etc. Position of tank: Depending on land space availability these

tanks could be constructed above ground, partly underground or fully

underground. Some maintenance measures like disinfection and cleaning

are required to ensure the quality of water stored in the container.

If harvested water is decided to recharge the underground

aquifer/reservoir, then some of the structures mentioned below are used.

8) Recharge structures: - Rainwater Harvested can also be used for charging

the groundwater aquifers through suitable structures like dug wells, bore

wells, recharge trenches and recharge pits.

ELEMENTS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

7.2.1) CALCULATION OF RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL IN

MNIT CAMPUS

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The formula for calculation for harvesting potential or volume of water received or

runoff produced or harvesting capacity is given as follows : -

A) RUNOFF COEFFICIENT

Runoff coefficient for any catchment is the ratio of the volume of water that

runs off a surface to the volume of rainfall that falls on the surface. Runoff

coefficient accounts for losses due to spillage, leakage, infiltration, catchment

surface wetting and evaporation, which will all contribute to reducing the

amount of runoff.

The value of runoff coefficient is taken from following table: -

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SOURCE: - “Current Scenario of Rain Water Harvesting System in Residential

and Industrial Buildings in Jaipur City” journal submitted to “International

Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)”

Taking average from above table value of runoff coefficient is taken as follows: -

1) For rooftop = 0.85

2) For paved area (roads) = 0.70

B) RAINFALL DATA (DATA TAKEN FROM WATER RESOURCE

DEPARTMENT RAJASTHAN WEBSITE)

Average of last 30 years = 429.173 mm

C) ROOF TOP AND PAVED AREA

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The area has been calculated using “ARCMAP”

The shapefile for paved surface and rooftop is shown below: -

1. PAVED SURFACE

2) ROOFTOP

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Based on the shapefile generated the area was calculated by ARCMAP.

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TABLE FOR

AREA IS

SHOWN ON

NEXT PAGE

RAINWATER

THAT CAN BE

HARVESTED

IN THE

ENTIRE

YEAR IS

SHOWN

39 | P a g e
A) ROOFTOP OF STAFF COLONY

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 SAMPLE CALCULATION (FOR FIRST ROW)
VOLUME OF RUNOFF = 282 * 0.85 * 0.429 = 102.8313 m3

B) ROOFTOP OF HOSTELS

SAMPLE CALCULATION (FOR FIRST ROW)

VOLUME OF RUNOFF = 1486 *0.85 *0.429 = 541.869

C) DEPARTMENTS, VLTC, GUEST HOUSE, ETC.

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 SAMPLE CALCULATION
Volume of runoff = 0.85 * 1094 *0.429 = 398.9271 m3

D) PAVED SURFACE

SAMPLE CALCULATION
VOLUME OF RUNOFF = 0.7 * 1714 * 0.429 = 514.7142

THEREFORE, CONSIDERING 100% EFFICIENCY TOTAL VOLUME OF WATER

THAT CAN BE SAVED = 9824 + 9219 + 14763 + 3724

= 37530 m3

The water saved by rainwater harvesting can be used to recharge groundwater.

7.3) WATER EFFICIENT FITTINGS

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We receive water through water fittings and its efficiency is one of the most important

aspects while saving water. Unfortunately most of water fittings and water closet

particularly in hostels and staff colony are mostly old and a lot of wastage of water is

associated with it.

To determine the wastage occurring due to it and the savings that can be extracted

using water efficient products is studied which is shown subsequently.

At present the water products that are being used in MNIT is mostly conventional

which is shown in following figure.

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In order to determine the water consumption of conventional water fittings we have

taken the help of standards that we have used so far.

7.3.1)Water consumption pattern using conventional fittings and water closet for

staff colony and hostels is calculated.

In order to calculate the water consumption pattern the bifurcation of per capita

demand needs to be known. This is given by IS-1172 and BC PUNMIA BOOK and

shown below

For water efficient fittings data from WEP -1 manual is required which is shown

below: -

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Now water consumption pattern for staff colony and hostels is calculated separately

and show: -

1) STAFF COLONY

There are five types of consumption patterns which need to be studied. These are

A) NORMAL WATER CONSUMPTION PATTERN FOR STAFF(BASED

ON SURVEY)(PER CAPITA)
In the survey we have tried to measure the discharge of present fittings,

capacity of water closets, etc. Based on the standards the no of times or no of

minutes for which fitting is used is determined.

For example , in case of bathroom shower , the discharge we got was 10 litres

per minute. The standard for bathroom is 55 lpcd. Therefore , time for which it

is used is = 55/10 = 5.5 minutes.

The calculations are similar for other entities. The time calculated will be used

for conventional , 1 star ,2 star and 3 star fittings.

The table for consumption pattern using normal or present fittings is shown : -

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B) WATER EFFICIENT CONVENTIONAL FITTINGS
The consumption is shown below: -

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C) 1 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS
The consumption is shown below

D) 2 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS

The consumption is shown below

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E) 3 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS
The consumption is shown below

COMPARISON
The following table compares the water consumption of all water fittings in

staff colony

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2) HOSTEL
The calculations similar for hostels are same as that of staff colony

A) NORMAL WATER CONSUMPTION PATTERN FOR STAFF(BASED

ON SURVEY)(PER CAPITA)
The consumption is shown below

B) WATER EFFICIENT CONVENTIONAL FITTINGS

The consumption is shown below

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C) 1 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS

The consumption is shown below

D) 2 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS

The consumption is shown below

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E) 3 STAR EFFICIENT FITTINGS

The consumption is shown below

COMPARISON

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7.3.2) COMPARISON WITH PRESENT WATER FITTINGS IN MNIT

7.3.3) COMPARISON WITH FUTURE DEMAND WITH CONVENTIONAL

AND WATER EFFICIENT FITTINGS IN MNIT

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7.3.4) OVERALL COMPARISON
The bar chart below shows that how much water can be saved by just

replacing the present fittings with water efficient fittings in staff colony and

hostels.

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 7.3.5) SOME IMAGES OF WATER EFFICIENT FITTINGS FROM

WEP-I MANUAL

WEP- I is an excellent code which helps in saving water in commercial as

well as residential buildings.

7.4) WATER SAVINGS WITH CHANGE IN WATER USE HABITS

This has been taken from research paper entitled – “Water Audit – Need of the

Hour” mainly focussing on water conservation in metro cities of India.

The water savings based on change in water habits of an individual is shown in

following table:-

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*TUMBLER

A bathroom tumbler is a flat-bottomed drinking glass that has no handle. Sometimes

bathroom tumblers are used to hold toothbrushes or cosmetics brushes, or even to

hold pens on a desk. Tumblers are sometimes made in small sizes to fit in bathroom

cup holders.

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7.5) Use of reclaimed water (e.g. Waste water/grey water) to reduce the need for

fresh water supplies

Grey water is the relatively clean waste water from baths, sinks, washing machines,

and other kitchen appliances

7.5.1) SOME IMPORTANT DATA

• With full flushing system , the water demand for staff is 150lpcd and for

hostels is 135 lpcd.

• Out of total water demand per capita 45 lpcd and 30 lpcd for staff and hostels

respectively are used for flushing.

• 80% of remaining gets converted into grey water.

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7.5.2) BIFURCATION OF PER CAPITA WATER DEMAND

7.5.3) CALCULATION OF GREY WATER GENERATED

• Grey water generated from staff colony = (150 – 45) * 0.8

= 84 lpcd

• Grey water generated from hostels = (135 – 30) * 0.8

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 = 84 lpcd

7.5.4) HOW TO USE GREY WATER

• Grey water can be collected in separate tank in hostels and staff.

• It can be treated by a simple method of sedimentation and can be used for

flushing, house cleaning, etc.

7.5.5) TOTAL GREY WATER THAT CAN BE GENERATED FROM HOSTELS

AND STAFF COLONY

For calculating this again water required for flushing is need. The bifurcation is

shown below

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Considering 100% efficiency of sedimentation tank , grey water can be used for

flushing, house cleaning, gardening, car washing, etc.

7.5.6) SAVINGS USING RECYCLED WATER

• All waste water generated after using recycled water can be collected in a

chamber and sent to sewage treatment plant.

• The treated water from stp can then be used for irrigation , flushing,house

cleaning, car washing, etc.

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7.5.7) PRESENT SCENARIO OF RECYCLED WATER

SOURCE – ESTATE SECTION AND PHE LAB

• Capacity of sewage treatment plant=0.7 MLD

• Recycled water available =480000 litres per day

• Water used for irrigation=240000 litresper day

• Losses due to overflow and evaporation =220000 litres per day

• Losses due to wastage =240000 litres per day

7.5.8) PRESENT DEMAND AFTER USING RECYCLING PROCESS

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7.5.9) FUTURE DEMAND AFTER USING RECYCLING PROCESS

7.5.10) COMPARISON

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 8) RESULT

 If we carry out efficient water management strategies then we can save a

lot of water. Water savings can be only way to sustain the present water

supply as water supply in MNIT is limited and cannot be increased. The

bar charts discussed above in the water management strategies itself depict

the amount of water that can be saved.

 As a responsible institute it should be our prime duty to save as much as

possible as most of our supplies are dependent on groundwater and Jaipur

is already in red zone (danger zone).

 MNIT has great potential to save water via rainwater harvesting due to its

large area.

 Due to its large population a lot of grey water can be generated and which

can be recycled for other uses.

 Overall MNIT has huge water saving potential , just proper management

and implementation is required.

9) REFERENCES

1. CPHEEO MANUAL
2. IS 1172
3. WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING BOOK BY BC PUNMIA
4. WATER EFFICIENT FITTINGS MANUAL BY INDIAN PLUMBING

ASSOCIATION
5. WATER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF

RAJASTHAN WEBSITE
6. RAINWATER HARVESTING IN NIT ROURKELA BY RANJIT KUMAR

SHARMA

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7. CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD MANUAL
8. DATA GIVEN BY ESTATE SECTION, ACADEMIC SECTION, HOSTEL

OFFICE. ETC.

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