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Mass Transfer Principles for Small Particles

The document discusses principles of mass transfer to suspensions of small particles. It provides equations to predict mass transfer coefficients from gas bubbles to liquid and from liquid to particle surfaces. The equations apply to small particles less than 0.6 mm, large bubbles greater than 2.5 mm, and particles in the transition region from 0.6-2.5 mm. It also discusses mass transfer in highly turbulent mixers. An example problem calculates the maximum rate of oxygen absorption from air bubbles to water in a fermentation process. Dimensional analysis is performed to relate the mass transfer coefficient to pipe diameter, fluid properties, and diffusion coefficient.

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250 views13 pages

Mass Transfer Principles for Small Particles

The document discusses principles of mass transfer to suspensions of small particles. It provides equations to predict mass transfer coefficients from gas bubbles to liquid and from liquid to particle surfaces. The equations apply to small particles less than 0.6 mm, large bubbles greater than 2.5 mm, and particles in the transition region from 0.6-2.5 mm. It also discusses mass transfer in highly turbulent mixers. An example problem calculates the maximum rate of oxygen absorption from air bubbles to water in a fermentation process. Dimensional analysis is performed to relate the mass transfer coefficient to pipe diameter, fluid properties, and diffusion coefficient.

Uploaded by

rushdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Principles of Mass
Transfer
(CHAPTER 7)
Mass Transfer To Suspensions of Small
Particles

1
2008/2009 II
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Topic Outcomes

 It is expected that student will be able to:


 Apply the convective mass transfer
coefficient to suspensions of small particles.
 Solve mathematical solution of molecular
diffusion.
 Analyze the dimensional analysis for the
convective mass transfer

2
2008/2009 II
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Introduction
 Examples
Liquid-liquid hydrogenation -hydrogen diffuse
from gas bubles through an organic liquid
then to small suspended catalyst particles.
Fermentation-oxygen diffuses from small gas
bubbles through the aqueous medium then to
the small suspended particles.

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BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Equations for Mass Transfer to Small Particles


1. Mass Transfer to small particles <0.6 mm
 To predicts mass transfer coefficients

 from small gas bubles such as oxygen or air to the liquid


phase
 from liquid phase to the surface of small catalyst particles,
microorganisms, solids or liquids.

2 DAB 
 2 / 3 c g

k 'L   0.31NSc  
1
3
2  Equation 7.4.1
DP  pc 

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2008/2009 II
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Continue..

2. Mass Transfer to large gas bubbles >2.5 mm

 For large bubles or liquid drops >2.5 mm, the mass coefficient
can be predicted by

 c g 
k 'L  0.42 NSc  0.5
 
1
3
Equation 7.4.3
 p 2 
 c 

 Large bubbles are produced when pure liquids are aerated in


mixing vessels and sieve plate columns.

5
2008/2009 II
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Continue..

3. Mass transfer to particles in transition region.

 Mass transfer in the transition region between small and large


bubles in the size range 0.6-2.5 mm, the mass coefficient can be
approximately by assuming that it increases linearly with bubles
diameter.

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BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Continue..

4. Mass Transfer to particles in highly turbulent mixers

 When agitation power is increased beyond that needed for


suspension of solid or liquids particles and the turbulence force
become larger than the gravitational forces, so mass transfer
coefficient

 P / V c 
 0.13  
1
2/3 Equation 7.4.4
k 'L NSc 2 
4

 p c 

7
2008/2009 II
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Example 7.4-1 (pg 488) Mass Transfer


from Air Bubbles in Fermentation
o Calculate the maximum rate of absorption (NA) of
O2 in a fermenter from air bubbles at 1 atm abs
pressure having diameters of 100 µm at 37oC into
water having a zero concentration of dissolved O2.
The solubility of O2 from air in water at 37oC is 2.26
x 10-4 kg mol O2 /m3. The diffusivity of O2 in water at
37oC is 3.25 x 10-9 m2/s. Agitation is used to
produce the air bubbles. (Assume: solution is dilute,
CA2 = 0, k’L ~ kL )
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BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Dimensional Analysis
 A fluid is flowing by forced convection in a
pipe and mass transfer is occurring from the
wall to the fluid. The fluid flow at a velocity ν
inside a pipe of diameter D. How to relate
the mass transfer coefficient kc’ to the
variables D,ρ,v,μ and DAB?

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BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

 Dimension, u = 3(mass[M], length [L], time [t])


 The units of the variables are:

2
L M M L L
kc  ,   3 ,   ,  , DAB  , D  L
T L Lt T t

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BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

 The dimensionless groups of Л = 6-3 = 3


1  f  2 ,  3 
 Choose recurrent variables; DAB,ρ,D

 1  D AB  D kc
a b c

 2  DAB  D kcd e f

 3  DAB  D kcg h i

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BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

a
L   M  c L 
2 b
 For л1; 1     3  L  
 t  L  t 
 (L) 0 = 2a-3b+c+1  1  kcD  N Sh
DAB
 (M) 0 = b
D
 (t) 0 = a-1 2 
DAB
Finally ; 
3   N Sc
DAB
N Sh  f N Re , N Sh 
D
 2 DAB D
   N Re
3  DAB
2008/2009 II DAB 12
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

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BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 1 (CHAPTER 7) Mass Transfer To Suspensions of Small Particles Principl
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 2 Topic Outcomes It is expected that student will be able to: Apply t
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 3 Introduction Examples Liquid-liquid hydrogenation -hydrogen diffu
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 4 Equations for Mass Transfer to Small Particles 1. Mass Transfer to sma
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 5 Continue.. 2. Mass Transfer to large gas bubbles >2.5 mm For large
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 6 Continue.. 3. Mass transfer to particles in transition region. Mas
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 7 Continue.. 4. Mass Transfer to particles in highly turbulent mixers
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II 8 Example 7.4-1 (pg 488) Mass Transfer from Air Bubbles in Fermentation
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II Dimensional Analysis A fluid is flowing by forced convection in a pipe
BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP 2008/2009 II Dimension, u = 3(mass[M], length [L], time [t]) The units of the variab

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