PRIME AND COMPOSITE
GRADE V NUMBERS
PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBER
Objective: Give the factors of a number
Differentiate prime and composite numbers
REVIEW
Find the hidden message. Find the product of the numbers in the first column. Match
each letter on the second column to the answer in the boxes below. Write the letter in the
box above each answer.
2x9 A 8x5 E 4x7 G 6x9 O
4x6 R 9x7 T 7x7 U 8x6 Y
Hidden Message:
!
48 54 49 18 24 40 28 24 40 18 63
STUDY AND LEARN
Alex has 7 balls. He wanted to place the balls in boxes such that each box
contains an equal number of balls. He tried to place them in the following manner.
1 box of 7
7 boxes of 1
1
How many different arrangements was he able to make? (2)
The ways of arranging the balls illustrate the factors of 7.
To get the factors of 7, we think of the following mathematical sentences.
1x7=7
7x1=7
Therefore, the factors of 7 are 1 and 7.
Seven is a prime number. It has only 2 factors – one and itself.
Five and 11 are other examples of prime numbers.
What are the factors of 5? 1 and 5
What are the factors of 11? 1 and 11
Can you name the prime numbers between 12 and 20?
Alex bought 5 more balls.
How many balls does have now? 12 balls
How many arrangements can he now make?
Let’s help him.
1 box of 12
2 boxes of 6
3 boxes of 4
4 boxes of 3
6 boxes of 2
2
12 boxes of 1
Into how many ways were we able to group the 12 balls? (6 different ways)
Can you name the factors of 12? (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12)
How many factors has 12? 6 factors
Twelve is a composite number. It has more than 2 factors.
Let’s have another example.
Let’s try to get the factors of 18.
To get its factors, we think of:
1 x 18 = 18 18 x 1 = 18
2 x 9 = 18 9 x 2 = 18
3 x 6 = 18 6 x 3 = 18
What are the factors of 18? 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18
Is 18 a prime or composite number? composite
Why is 18 a composite number? It has more than 2 factors.
Can you think of other composite numbers?
Name some.
How are prime numbers different from composite numbers?
TRY THESE
A. List down the factors of the given number on the petals. Then tell if the given number
is prime or composite. Number 1 has been done for you.
1) 2)
1 3
15 14
5
15
composite
3
3) 4)
24 37
5) 6)
36 23
B. Look at the numbers inside the jar. Cross out all the prime numbers and box all the
composite numbers.
21 17 48
19
27
42
24 38
31
12
50
4
WRAP UP
A number has a set of factors.
A prime number has exactly 2 factors, 1 and itself.
A composite number has more than 2 factors. It has factors
other than 1 and itself.
ON YOUR OWN
Write prime or composite. Write the answers in your notebook.
1) 45 __________ 6) 30 __________
2) 26 __________ 7) 35 __________
3) 32 __________ 8) 81 __________
4) 10 __________ 9) 71 __________
5) 47 __________ 10) 23 __________
