A report, Climate Change in the Philippines, was produced by the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) to serve as a scientific basis for
formulating appropriate strategies and policies. (PAGASA, 2011) As shown in Table 1, the report produced
a normalized monthly temperature between the years 1971-2000 of the recorded temperature in the
PAGASA’s weather station located in Science Garden, Quezon City.
Month High Temp Low Temp Average Temp
(oC) (oC) (oC)
January 30 21 26
February 31 21 26
March 33 22 28
April 34 24 29
May 34 25 29
June 33 25 29
July 32 24 28
August 31 24 28
September 32 24 28
October 32 24 28
November 32 23 28
December 31 22 27
Table 1. 1971-2000 normal values of temperature
This normalized data was further analyzed to observe the annual mean temperature anomalies
during the years 1951 to 2010. The report found out that there was an occurrence of a 0.648 oC
temperature increase or a 0.0108 oC increase per year, as shown in Figure 1. (PAGASA, 2011)
Figure 1. Observed annual mean temperature anomalies (1951-2010) in the Philippines based on the 1971-2000 normal
values
As shown in Figure 2 and 3, between the years 1951 to 2010, there was a 0.36 oC and 1.00 oC temperature
increase in the maximum and minimum temperatures of the country, respectively. (PAGASA, 2011)
Figure 2. Observed mean annual maximum temperature anomalies (1951-2010) in the Philippines based on the 1971-2000
normal values
Figure 3. Observed mean annual minimum temperature anomalies (1951-2010) in the Philippines based on the 1971-2000
normal values
The computed mean annual maximum and minimum temperature was then compared to daily
temperature events to detect the trends present in the country. As shown in Figure 4, number of hot days
increased significantly. On the other hand, based on Figure 5, number of cold nights decreased
significantly. (PAGASA, 2011)
Figure 5. Trends in the frequency of days with Figure 4. Trends in the frequency of days with
maximum temperature above the 1971-2000 minimum temperature above the 1971-2000
mean 99th percentile mean 99th percentile.
The report also produced a projection of temperature increase in NCR under medium-range and
high-range emission scenarios in 2020 (centered between 2006-2035) and 2050 (centered between 2036-
2065) based on 1971-2000 normal values, as shown in Table 2. (PAGASA, 2011)
2020 (2006-2035) 2050 (2036-2065)
High-Range Medium-Range High-Range Medium-Range
Month Emission Emission Emission Emission Scenario
Scenario (oC) Scenario (oC) Scenario (oC) (oC)
January 0.5 1.0 1.3 2.0
February 0.5 1.0 1.3 2.0
March 0.8 1.1 1.8 2.1
April 0.8 1.1 1.8 2.1
May 0.8 1.1 1.8 2.1
June 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.8
July 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.8
August 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.8
September 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.9
October 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.9
November 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.9
December 0.5 1.0 1.3 2.0
Table 2. Projected temperature increase under high and medium-range emission scenarios in 2020 and 2050
Additionally, the report also produced a projected temperature rise, in NCR, under low-range
emission scenarios in 2020 and 2050 based 1990-2000 normal values, as shown in Table 3. (PAGASA, 2011)
2020 (2006-2035) 2050 (2036-2065)
Low-Range
Low-Range Emission
Month Emission Scenario
Scenario (oC)
(oC)
January 0.2 1.1
February 0.2 1.1
March 0.5 1.3
April 0.5 1.3
May 0.5 1.3
June 0.8 1.5
July 0.8 1.5
August 0.8 1.5
September 0.4 1.5
October 0.4 1.5
November 0.4 1.5
December 0.2 1.1
Table 3. Projected temperature increase under low-range emission scenarios in 2020 and 2050
Lastly, weather reports collected during 2005-2015 in the PAGASA’s weather station located in
Science Garden, Quezon City was averaged and tabulated by Time and Date AS, as shown in Table 4. (Time
and Date AS, 1998)
High Temp Low Temp Average Temp
Month
(oC) (oC) (oC)
January 30 21 26
February 31 21 26
March 33 22 28
April 34 24 29
May 34 25 29
June 33 25 29
July 32 24 28
August 31 24 28
September 32 24 28
October 32 24 28
November 32 23 28
December 31 22 27
Table 4. Annual Weather Averages (2005-2015)
Bibliography
PAGASA. (2011, February). DILG. Retrieved from Climate Change in the Philippines:
http://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/DILG-Resources-2012130-2ef223f591.pdf
Time and Date AS. (1998, May). Time and Date. Retrieved from Climate and Weather Averages in
Manila, Philippines: https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/philippines/manila/climate
